Table 7
Regression models predicting life satisfaction with municipality income and control variables, with cluster-robust standard error estimates
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Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
coefficients | ||||
Log municipality income | 0.05 | -0.07 | 0.17* | -0.04 |
Age | … | -0.07*** | -0.07*** | -0.05*** |
Age squared divided by100 | … | 0.07*** | 0.07*** | 0.06*** |
Women | … | 0.09*** | 0.09*** | 0.09*** |
Marital status | ||||
Living common-law | … | -0.19*** | -0.19*** | -0.16*** |
Widowed | … | -0.56*** | -0.56*** | -0.50*** |
Divorced or separated | … | -0.67*** | -0.66*** | -0.59*** |
Single | … | -0.52*** | -0.51*** | -0.45*** |
Education | ||||
Some postsecondary | … | -0.07*** | -0.07*** | 0.02 |
High school graduate | … | -0.05* | -0.05* | 0.06** |
Less than high school | … | -0.16*** | -0.16*** | 0.05* |
Level not reported | … | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.03 |
Immigrants | … | -0.02 | -0.01 | 0.00 |
Number of children in family | … | 0.03** | 0.03** | 0.00 |
Household income | ||||
Lowest: less than $30,000 | … | -0.53*** | -0.54*** | -0.37*** |
Lower middle: $30,000 to $59,999 | … | -0.23*** | -0.24*** | -0.18*** |
Middle: $60,000 to $99,999 | … | -0.09*** | -0.09*** | -0.07*** |
Highest: more than $150,000 | … | 0.16*** | 0.17*** | 0.09*** |
Not reported | … | -0.11*** | -0.11*** | -0.07** |
Household size | … | -0.17*** | -0.17*** | -0.09** |
Population group | ||||
Visible minority | … | -0.06* | -0.04 | -0.01 |
Aboriginal | … | -0.07 | -0.07 | 0.06 |
Employment status | ||||
Unemployed | … | -0.45*** | -0.45*** | -0.38*** |
Not in labour force | … | -0.12*** | -0.12*** | 0.00 |
Homeowner | … | 0.23*** | 0.22*** | 0.15*** |
Home language | ||||
French | … | 0.27*** | 0.18*** | 0.12*** |
Bilingual | … | 0.11** | 0.06 | 0.03 |
Other: non English/French | … | -0.16*** | -0.16*** | -0.15*** |
Municipality | ||||
Percentage of seniors | … | … | 0.25 | 0.07 |
Percentage of movers | … | … | -0.16 | -0.02 |
Percentage of old dwellings | … | … | -0.03 | -0.12 |
Percentage of recent immigrants | … | … | 0.48 | 0.42** |
Percentage of visible minorities | … | … | -0.11 | -0.16 |
Log population density | … | … | -0.02* | -0.02* |
Self-reported health | … | … | … | 0.60*** |
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Survey type and year fixed effects | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Metropolitan area fixed effects | No | No | Yes | Yes |
Model R-squared | 0.000 | 0.078 | 0.079 | 0.200 |
significantly different from reference category (p<0.001)
significantly different from reference category (p<0.01)
significantly different from reference category (p<0.05)
Note(s):
The sample includes 142,768 respondents nested in 430 municipalities (census subdivisions)
Source(s):
Statistics Canada, 2008-to-2011 General Social Survey, 2009-to-2011 Canadian Community Health Survey, and 2006 Census of Population.
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