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Winter 2011

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Notes

^1.

Environment Canada, Canadian Ice Service, 2011, Ice Glossary, www.ec.gc.ca/glaces-ice/default.asp?lang=En&n=501D72C1-1 (accessed in May 2011).

^2.

Global Climate Observing System, 2011, Global Climate Observing System, www.wmo.int/pages/prog/gcos/index.php?name=EssentialClimateVariable (accessed June 1, 2011).

^3.

Global Observing Systems Information Center, 2011, GCOS Essential Climate Variables (ECV) Data & Information Access Matrix, http://gosic.org/ios/MATRICES/ECV/ecv-matrix.htm (accessed June 20, 2011).

^4.

Environment Canada, Canadian Ice Service, 2011, Ice and Iceberg Charts, www.ec.gc.ca/glaces-ice/default.asp?lang=En&n=B6C654BB-1 (accessed in May 2011).

^5.

A. Tivy, S.E.L. Howell, B. Alt, S. McCourt, R. Chagnon, G. Crocker, T. Carrieres, and J.J. Yackel, 2011, "Trends and variability in summer sea ice cover in the Canadian Arctic based on the Canadian Ice Service Digital Archive, 1960-2008 and 1968-2008," Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 116, C03007.

^6.

^7.

Time series data for this article were produced by Dr. Stephen Howell of the Climate Research Division of Environment Canada.

^8.

^9.

To enquire about the statistical analysis used in this article, contact the Information Officer (613-951-0297; environ@statcan.gc.ca), Environment Accounts and Statistics Division.

^10.

Statistically significant linear trends at the 95% confidence level or above.

^11.

Statistics Canada, 2008, Guide to the Income and Expenditure Accounts, Catalogue no. 13-017-X.

^12.

A. Clark Milito and G. Gagnon, 2008, "Greenhouse gas emissions—a focus on Canadian households," EnviroStats, Vol. 2, no. 4, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 16-002-X200800410749.

^13.

Documentation on the MRIO model used in this study can be obtained by contacting the Information Officer, Environment Accounts and Statistics Division (613-951-0297; environ@statcan.gc.ca).

^14.

Intermediate imports are those purchased by businesses and then further processed into domestic goods and services.

^15.

Purdue University, 2011, GTAP Data Bases: GTAP 7 Data Base, www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu/databases/v7/ (accessed October 30, 2011).

^16.

R. Andrew, G. Peters and J. Lennox, 2009, "Approximation and Regional Aggregation In Multi-Regional Input-Output Analysis For National Carbon Footprint Accounting," Economic Systems Research, Vol. 21, no. 3, pages 311 to 335.

^17.

Statistics Canada, CANSIM table 153-0034 (accessed July 25, 2011).

^18.

Statistics Canada’s Material and Energy Flow Accounts (MEFA) emissions estimates differ from the totals that appear in the official Environment Canada submission to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. This is due to adjustments that have to be made to National Inventory Report (NIR) sectoring and definitions in order to ensure consistency with the requirements of the Canadian System of National Accounts. The MEFA include only the three main GHGs, namely carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, and do not include emissions from the decomposition or incineration of waste. The Environment Canada NIR also reports on emissions from hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride. Canada’s total GHG emissions including these other gases were 717 Mt in 2002.

^19.

Note that this amount includes the direct emissions due to household use of fossil fuels.

^20.

The amount of U.S. GHG emissions related to U.S. purchases of Canadian automobiles is shown in Table 4 (7.5 Mt).

^21.

Producers’ value, which excludes transport and trade margins.

^22.

Statistics Canada, 2009, Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution, 2007, Catalogue no. 57-202-X, Table 2.

^23.

National Bureau of Statistics of the Peoples Republic of China, 2006, Electricity Balance Sheet, www.allcountries.org/china_statistics/7_6_electricity_balance_sheet.html (accessed August 22, 2011).

^24.

U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2011, Electric Power Annual - Summary Statistics for the United States, www.eia.gov/cneaf/electricity/epa/epates.html (accessed August 22, 2011).

^25.

Statistics Canada, 2010, Households and the Environment: Energy Use (2007), Catalogue no. 11-526-S.

^26.

Statistics Canada, Households and the Environment Survey: Energy Use Supplement (2007), special tabulation.

^27.

Census metropolitain areas (CMAs) consist of one or more municipalities situated around a major urban core. A CMA must have a total population of at least 100,000 of which 50,000 or more live in the urban core. (See: Statistics Canada, 2007, 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue no. 92-566-X for more information).

^28.

The residential price of electricity in Canada has risen by approximately 20% between 2002 and 2010, with some provinces seeing an increase of more than 30% during this time period. See: Statistics Canada, CANSIM table 326-0020 (accessed September 1, 2011).

^29.

Natural Resources Canada, 2009, Choosing Lighting Fixtures – Determine Your Needs, http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/residential/personal/lighting/needs.cfm?attr=4 (accessed October 20, 2010).

^30.

1 kilowatt-hour (kWh) = 0.0036 GJ

^31.

Statistics Canada, Consumer Prices Division, 2011, special tabulation.

^32.

Natural Resources Canada, 2009, Choosing Light Fixtures – Tungsten-Halogen Incandescent Lamps, http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/residential/personal/lighting/halogen.cfm?attr=4 (accessed August 23, 2011).

^33.

Environment Canada, 2010, Disposing of Mercury Products, www.ec.gc.ca/mercure-mercury/default.asp?lang=En&n=F111AAC6-1#Fluo (accessed August 23, 2011).

^34.

B.C. Fluorescent Light Recycling Program Product Care Association, 2011, LightRecycle, www.productcare.org/lights (accessed October 28, 2010).

^35.

Project Porchilght, n.d. (no date), CFL Recycling, www.projectporchlight.com/content/cfl-recyclers (accessed October 19, 2011).