Endnotes

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1. The process of convergence is increasingly blurring the distinctions between technology and the delivery of service. For example, cable providers are now offering cellular and Internet services. Furthermore, new technologies are increasingly able to perform overlapping functions, such as connecting to the Internet through a mobile phone and using the Internet to make telephone calls through Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP).
2. In some instances penetration rates begin to approach universality levels, especially in some geographically-defined communities. However, ICTs are still evolving and this is not the case for newer technologies (i.e. broadband).
3. It is known that a Digital Divide still exists even among advanced countries, part of which is related to incomes and part of which is related to many other factors. It is also known that the gap between developed and developing countries is huge - but this does not come as a surprise (Orbicom 2003, 2005). Some progress is being made and technological leapfrogging is occurring.
4. They do not become self-fulfilling prophecies, however, as will be demonstrated here.
5. In fact, recent evidence suggests that the role of place and community are more critical to economic life than ever before (Florida 2003).
6. Estimated on the basis of 216 mm x 279 mm (8 ^ x 11 inches) sheets of 50 lbs. thickness paper. These figures refer only to paper for printing and writing, not including newsprint and other types of paper products. In Canada, paper for printing and writing represented 21.2% of all paper products in 2003 - up from 20.5% in 2002 (Forest Products Association of Canada, Annual Review 2003).
7. While it increased every year until 95/96, it decreased in the next couple of years hitting a low in 97/98, but has since rebounded.
8. In 2003, next-day and overnight delivery services accounted for more than half of couriers' revenues; 91% of local messengers' revenues and pieces were for same-day delivery services (Statistics Canada, Surface and Marine Transport Service Bulletin, Catalogue No. 50-002-XIE).
9. Refers to voice-grade equivalents (VGE) due to ISDN channels.
10. Cannot use average duration with these data (see technical box and later).
11. This is not due to network effects (externalities) as penetration was complete by the early 80s. As well, while network effects may be present with respect to international traffic, this is a tiny proportion of the calling volumes and times for local and domestic long distance.
12. There may be substitutions from fixed lines, but overall this is not the case - more of both are used.
13. There is also the fact that time spent in front of television sets for videos, games and many applications other than television viewing is exploding-even more so than was the case in the early '80s.
14. Current spending includes personal taxes, insurance and pension and gifts of money.