Table 7
Average wage differential between immigrants and the Canadian-born, 25 to 64 year-olds with a postsecondary education, by immigrant cohort and location of postsecondary study, 2006
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| Location of postsecondary study | Average wage difference1 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Under-educated employees | Correctly matched employees | Over-educated employees | All employees | |
| percent | ||||
| Very-recent immigrants2 | ||||
| Canada | -57.67 | -42.15 | -41.03 | -48.07 |
| United States | -18.18 | 5.88 | 0.20 | -1.14 |
| United Kingdom | 17.12 | 7.31 | 3.57 | 3.76 |
| Philippines | -55.93 | -69.06 | -86.42 | -99.43 |
| India | -54.45 | -48.08 | -90.10 | -96.19 |
| China | -145.76 | -78.38 | -109.42 | -112.82 |
| Pakistan | -109.46 | -62.37 | -137.99 | -142.93 |
| Poland | -79.45 | -119.21 | -51.93 | -72.24 |
| France | -78.08 | -50.64 | -29.64 | -44.56 |
| South Korea | -118.47 | -68.51 | -101.42 | -106.98 |
| Romania | -93.85 | -62.38 | -62.52 | -72.02 |
| Hong Kong | -71.11 | -95.41 | -105.34 | -107.98 |
| Russia | -91.43 | -57.56 | -55.43 | -69.44 |
| Germany | -5.74 | -17.44 | -23.48 | -28.88 |
| Iran | -89.71 | -74.87 | -94.51 | -94.52 |
| Others3 | -53.83 | -45.30 | -74.99 | -77.68 |
| Recent immigrants4 | ||||
| Canada | -36.80 | -35.07 | -26.02 | -32.75 |
| United States | -3.68 | 20.89 | 19.35 | 16.17 |
| United Kingdom | 42.11 | 23.93 | 21.66 | 23.82 |
| Philippines | -42.41 | -25.27 | -33.80 | -44.12 |
| India | -18.95 | -11.21 | -31.39 | -34.56 |
| China | -34.92 | -24.80 | -28.71 | -31.56 |
| Pakistan | -41.66 | -19.36 | -54.67 | -55.06 |
| Poland | -49.58 | -26.98 | -38.78 | -50.16 |
| France | -24.77 | -17.00 | 7.20 | -4.56 |
| South Korea | -39.56 | -25.79 | -60.81 | -56.89 |
| Romania | -21.50 | -6.68 | 12.27 | 5.65 |
| Hong Kong | -52.13 | -27.87 | -59.65 | -58.85 |
| Russia | -18.67 | -34.75 | -5.61 | -24.05 |
| Germany | -32.33 | 2.52 | 5.74 | -4.11 |
| Iran | -45.82 | -19.02 | -40.10 | -40.79 |
| Others3 | -25.12 | -14.98 | -28.26 | -37.38 |
| Established immigrants5 | ||||
| Canada | 0.96 | 4.49 | 5.42 | 4.05 |
| United States | 11.11 | 19.71 | 27.26 | 23.39 |
| United Kingdom | 26.53 | 28.23 | 25.55 | 25.39 |
| Philippines | -18.80 | -14.22 | -20.35 | -28.75 |
| India | -8.89 | 5.79 | -14.36 | -19.11 |
| China | -11.88 | -21.68 | -31.28 | -33.50 |
| Pakistan | -19.09 | -4.34 | -25.91 | -29.42 |
| Poland | -9.83 | 0.01 | -2.35 | -11.00 |
| France | -7.06 | 15.41 | 12.73 | 6.74 |
| South Korea | -59.97 | -23.65 | -50.35 | -48.94 |
| Romania | -13.39 | -0.26 | 16.74 | 7.57 |
| Hong Kong | -8.09 | -8.23 | -20.59 | -19.07 |
| Russia | -5.65 | -27.07 | 5.04 | -6.48 |
| Germany | -8.69 | -0.66 | -5.61 | -11.63 |
| Iran | -34.83 | -15.50 | -23.66 | -29.99 |
| Others3 | -1.00 | 6.26 | -7.28 | -8.90 |
|
1. For each category, the relative variation indicates the percentage difference in average annual earnings between immigrants who graduated in country i and the Canadian-born. Mean annual earnings of the Canadian-born in 2006 were: $51,753 in the total wage sector; $55,779 for undereducated employees; $64,841 for correctly-matched employees; and $45,612 for overeducated employees. 2. Very-recent immigrants are individuals who have been landed immigrants to Canada for 5 years or less. 3. Countries that make up less than 5% of the locations of postsecondary education reported in the 2006 Census. 4. Recent immigrants are Individuals who have been landed immigrants to Canada from 5 to 10 years. 5. Established immigrants are individuals who have been landed immigrants for more than 10 years. Source: Author's calculations based on data from the 2006 Census of Population. |
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