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1. Health Canada. Leading Causes of Death and Hospitalization in Canada, 2008
Available at: http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/lcd-pcd97/table1-eng.php. Accessed July 19, 2011.

2. World Health Organization. Preventing Chronic Diseases: A Vital Investment: WHO Global Report, 2005.
Available at: http://www.who.int/chp/chronic_disease_report/en/index.html. Accessed July 19, 2011.

3. Knoops KT, de Groot LC, Kromhout D, et al. Mediterranean diet, lifestyle factors, and 10-year mortality in elderly European men and women: the HALE project. Journal of the American Medical Association 2004; 292(12): 1433-9.

4. Stampfer MJ, Hu FB, Manson JE, et al. Primary prevention of coronary heart disease in women through diet and lifestyle. New England Journal of Medicine 2000; 343(1): 16-22.

5. Aldana SG, Whitmer WR, Greenlaw R, et al. Cardiovascular risk reductions associated with aggressive lifestyle modification and cardiac rehabilitation. Heart Lung 2003; 32(6): 374-82.

6. Van Spall HG, Chong A, Tu JV. Inpatient smoking-cessation counseling and all-cause mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. American Heart Journal 2007; 154(2): 213-20.

7. Rønnevik PK, Gundersen T, Abrahamsen AM. Effect of smoking habits and timolol treatment on mortality and reinfarction in patients surviving acute myocardial infarction. British Heart Journal 1985; 54(2): 134-9.

8. Bolman C, de Vries H, van Breukelen G. A minimal-contact intervention for cardiac inpatients: long-term effects on smoking cessation. Preventive Medicine 2002; 35(2): 181-92.

9. Mróz LW, Chapman GE, Oliffe JL, Bottorff JL. Prostate cancer, masculinity and food. Rationales for perceived diet change. Appetite 2010; 55(3): 398-406.

10. Hawkes AL, Lynch BM, Youlden DR, et al. Health behaviors of Australian colorectal cancer survivors, compared with noncancer population controls. Support Care Cancer 2008; 16(10): 1097-104.

11. van Gool CH, Kempen GI, Penninx BW, et al. Chronic disease and lifestyle transitions: results from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. Journal of Aging and Health 2007; 19(3): 416-38.

12. Swain L, Catlin G, Beaudet MP. The National Population Health Survey—its longitudinal nature. Health Reports 1999; 10(4): 69-82.

13. Statistics Canada. National Population Health Survey Overview 1994–95 (Catalogue 82-567) Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 1995.

14. Center for Addiction and Mental Health. Low-risk Drinking Guidelines, 2011.
Available at: http://www.camh.net/About_Addiction_Mental_Health/Drug_and_Addiction_Information/low_risk_drinking_guideline. Accessed July 19, 2011.

15. Ashfield-Watt PA, Welch AA, Day NE, Bingham SA. Is 'five-a-day' an effective way of increasing fruit and vegetable intakes? Public Health Nutrition 2004; 7(2): 257-61.

16. Health Canada. Canada's Food Guides.
Available at: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/food-guide-aliment/index-eng.php. Accessed March 6, 2012.

17. Health Canada. Canada's Food Guides from 1942 to 1992.
Available at: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/food-guide-aliment/context/fg_history-histoire_ga-eng.php. Accessed March 19, 2012.

18. World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Fruit and Vegetables for Health: Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Workshop. Kobe, Japan: September, 2004.

19. British Dietetic Association. Food Fact Sheet.
Available at: http://www.bda.uk.com/foodfacts/FruitVeg.pdf. Accessed March 6, 2012.

20. US Department of Agriculture. Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005.
Available at: http://www.health.gov/dietaryguidelines/dga2005/document/. Accessed March 6, 2012.

21. Rao JNK, Scott AJ. The analysis of categorical data from complex sample surveys: chi-squared tests for goodness-of-fit and independence in two-way tables.  Journal of the American Statistical Association 1981; 76: 221–30.

22. Agresti A. Categorical Data Analysis, 2nd Edition. New York, NY: Wiley, 2002.

23. Newsom, JT. Basic longitudinal analysis approaches for continuous and categorical variables.  In: Newsom JT, Jones RN, Hofer WM, eds. Longitudinal Data Analysis:  A Practical Guide for Researchers in Aging, Health, and Social Science. New York:  Routledge, 2012: 143-80.

24. Manuel DG, Lim JJ, Tanuseputro P, Stukel TA. How many people have had a myocardial infarction? Prevalence estimated using historical hospital data. BMC Public Health 2007; 7: 174.

25. Giles WH, Croft JB, Keenan NL, et al. The validity of self-reported hypertension and correlates of hypertension awareness among Blacks and Whites within the stroke belt. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 1995; 11: 163-9.

26. Vargas CM, Burt VL, Gillum RF, Pamuk ER. Validity of self-reported hypertension in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, 1988-1991. Preventive Medicine 1997; 26: 678-85.

27. Manson JE, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, et al. Physical activity and incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in women. Lancet 1991; 338: 774-8.

28. Rimm EB, Giovannucci EL, Willett WC, et al. Prospective study of alcohol consumption and risk of coronary disease in men. Lancet 1991; 338: 464-8.

29. Chou PHB, Wister A. From cues to action: Information seeking and exercise self-care among older adults managing chronic illness. Canadian Journal of Aging 2005; 24: 395-408.

30. Hamer M, Stamatakis E. Physical activity and mortality in men and women with diagnosed cardiovascular disease. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation 2009; 16(2): 156-60.