Table 2
International comparison of business enterprise expenditures
on research and development as a percentage of gross domestic product, by
selected OECD countries
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2010Note p: preliminary | 2009Note p: preliminary | 2008Note r: revised | 2007Note r: revised | 1995 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
percent | |||||
Israel | 3.51 | 3.55 | 3.80 | 3.90 | 1.51 |
Finland | 2.69 | 2.80 | 2.75 | 2.51 | 1.43 |
Sweden | 2.35 | 2.54 | 2.74 | 2.47 | 2.43 |
Japan | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.54 | 2.70 | 2.68 | 1.90 |
Korea | 2.8 | 2.64 | 2.53 | 2.45 | 1.70 |
Switzerland | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.20 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
United States | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 2.04 | 2.04 | 1.93 | 1.76 |
Denmark | 2.08 | 2.08 | 1.99 | 1.80 | 1.04 |
Austria | 1.88 | 1.85 | 1.85 | 1.77 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Germany | 1.9 | 1.91 | 1.86 | 1.77 | 1.45 |
Iceland | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.44 | 1.46 | 0.49 |
France | 1.38 | 1.39 | 1.33 | 1.31 | 1.39 |
Australia | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.30 | 1.38 | 1.27 | 0.82 |
Belgium | 1.32 | 1.34 | 1.34 | 1.32 | 1.19 |
Luxembourg | 1.16 | 1.26 | 1.22 | 1.32 | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period |
Slovenia | 1.43 | 1.20 | 1.07 | 0.87 | 0.71 |
United Kingdom | 1.08 | 1.12 | 1.10 | 1.11 | 1.24 |
Ireland | 1.22 | 1.16 | 0.94 | 0.84 | 0.88 |
Canada | 0.91 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 1.09 | 0.99 |
Norway | 0.87 | 0.92 | 0.84 | 0.84 | 0.96 |
Netherlands | 0.87 | 0.86 | 0.89 | 0.96 | 1.03 |
Spain | 0.71 | 0.72 | 0.74 | 0.71 | 0.38 |
Italy | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.65 | 0.61 | 0.52 |
OECD total | Note ..: not available for a specific reference period | 1.62 | 1.63 | 1.58 | 1.37 |
.. not available for a specific reference period p preliminary r revised |
Note(s):
Countries are presented in descending order of Business expenditures
on research and development as a percentage of GDP based on their information
for the most recent year reported on the table.
Source(s):
OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators. Volume 2011/1.
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