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Table 2
Estimates of effects of level of education and engagement in literacy activities, and the skill gain (or loss) for adults at age 40
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IALS 1994 |
ALL 2003 |
1994 to 2003 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Estimate |
Standard error |
Estimate |
Standard error |
Estimate |
Standard error |
|
| Adjusted mean | 288.6 * |
(28.6) |
271.9 * |
(36.5) |
288.3 * |
(6.50) |
| Skill gain (adjusted, 1994 to 2003) | … |
… |
… |
… |
-12.7 * |
(6.20) |
| Gender (female = 1; male =0) | -0.2 |
(11.5) |
-4.9 |
(7.9) |
-2.6 |
(2.30) |
| Age (centered at age = 40) | -1 * |
(0.6) |
-0.73 |
(0.5) |
-1.01 |
(0.24) |
| Skill gain by age interaction | … |
… |
… |
… |
0.33 |
(0.3) |
| Age-squared | -0.01 |
(0.0) |
-0.01 |
(0.0) |
-0.01 |
(0.0) |
| Skill gain by age-squared interaction | … |
… |
… |
… |
0.01 |
(0.0) |
| Did not complete secondary (versus high school graduate) | -47.6 * |
(25.3) |
-34.6 * |
(25.8) |
-48.4 * |
(5.8) |
| Skill gain by did not complete secondary | … |
… |
… |
… |
14.6 * |
(5.5) |
| Completed some post-secondary (versus high school graduate) | 13.9 * |
(18.0) |
10.3 * |
(5.4) |
15 * |
(6.9) |
| Skill gain by completed some post-secondary | … |
… |
… |
… |
-5 |
(7.3) |
| Completed university (versus high school graduate) | 28 * |
(6.3) |
32.5 * |
(15.4) |
29.9 * |
(7.4) |
| Skill gain by completed university | … |
… |
… |
… |
1.6 |
(8.0) |
| Participated in further education and training | 17.1 * |
(5.8) |
15.4 * |
(3.8) |
16 * |
(2.4) |
| Engaged in literacy activities at work – general | 16.5 * |
(15.7) |
5.8 * |
(26.7) |
11.1 * |
(2.5) |
| Engaged in literacy activities at work – technical | 2.7 |
(6.1) |
6.6 |
(18.9) |
4.6 |
(3.4) |
| Engaged in literacy activities at home | 14.1 * |
(6.4) |
14.7 * |
(4.8) |
14.3 * |
(3.3) |
| Not in labour force | -12.5 * |
(5.9) |
-10.7 * |
(6.6) |
-11.9 * |
(4.2) |
| … not applicable * Statistically significant (p < 0.05). Data source: IALS (1994) and ALL (2003). Table source: Statistics Canada, 2007, International Adult Literacy Survey, number 16, Gaining and Losing Skills Over the Lifecourse, catalogue number 89-552-MWE. |
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