Table 7 
Labour force characteristics by census metropolitan area, three-month moving average, seasonally adjusted 

Labour force characteristics by census metropolitan area, three-month moving average, seasonally adjusted
  January
2024
February
2024
Standard error1 January to February 2024 February 2023 to February 2024 January to February 2024 February 2023 to February 2024
  thousands (except rates)thousands (except rates)thousands (except rates) change in thousands (except rates)change in thousands (except rates) % change% change
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador              
Population 192.9 193.4 ... 0.5 6.3 0.3 3.4
Labour force 124.9 126.7 0.8 1.8 4.0 1.4 3.3
Employment 117.2 118.7 0.9 1.5 3.5 1.3 3.0
Unemployment 7.6 8.0 0.4 0.4 0.6 5.3 8.1
Participation rate 64.7 65.5 0.4 0.8 -0.1 ... ...
Unemployment rate 6.1 6.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 ... ...
Employment rate 60.8 61.4 0.5 0.6 -0.2 ... ...
Halifax, Nova Scotia              
Population 418.7 420.4 ... 1.7 18.9 0.4 4.7
Labour force 287.1 289.9 1.5 2.8 15.4 1.0 5.6
Employment 272.2 275.5 1.5 3.3 14.1 1.2 5.4
Unemployment 14.9 14.4 0.8 -0.5 1.3 -3.4 9.9
Participation rate 68.6 69.0 0.4 0.4 0.6 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.2 5.0 0.3 -0.2 0.2 ... ...
Employment rate 65.0 65.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 ... ...
Moncton, New Brunswick              
Population 147.6 148.2 ... 0.6 6.7 0.4 4.7
Labour force 96.2 97.4 0.9 1.2 2.2 1.2 2.3
Employment 91.2 92.4 0.9 1.2 2.2 1.3 2.4
Unemployment 5.0 5.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Participation rate 65.2 65.7 0.7 0.5 -1.6 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.2 5.1 0.4 -0.1 -0.2 ... ...
Employment rate 61.8 62.3 0.7 0.5 -1.4 ... ...
Saint John, New Brunswick               
Population 117.4 117.7 ... 0.3 3.3 0.3 2.9
Labour force 75.3 75.6 0.9 0.3 6.0 0.4 8.6
Employment 71.6 72.0 0.9 0.4 6.7 0.6 10.3
Unemployment 3.7 3.7 0.3 0.0 -0.6 0.0 -14.0
Participation rate 64.1 64.2 0.8 0.1 3.4 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.9 4.9 0.5 0.0 -1.3 ... ...
Employment rate 61.0 61.2 0.8 0.2 4.1 ... ...
Saguenay, Quebec              
Population 136.8 136.9 ... 0.1 1.2 0.1 0.9
Labour force 78.7 78.5 1.1 -0.2 2.9 -0.3 3.8
Employment 76.4 76.4 1.1 0.0 3.9 0.0 5.4
Unemployment 2.3 2.0 0.3 -0.3 -1.1 -13.0 -35.5
Participation rate 57.5 57.3 0.8 -0.2 1.6 ... ...
Unemployment rate 2.9 2.5 0.4 -0.4 -1.6 ... ...
Employment rate 55.8 55.8 0.8 0.0 2.4 ... ...
Québec, Quebec              
Population 705.7 706.6 ... 0.9 9.7 0.1 1.4
Labour force 479.2 479.0 3.4 -0.2 21.1 -0.0 4.6
Employment 465.8 465.2 3.4 -0.6 16.3 -0.1 3.6
Unemployment 13.4 13.8 1.1 0.4 4.9 3.0 55.1
Participation rate 67.9 67.8 0.5 -0.1 2.1 ... ...
Unemployment rate 2.8 2.9 0.2 0.1 1.0 ... ...
Employment rate 66.0 65.8 0.5 -0.2 1.4 ... ...
Sherbrooke, Quebec              
Population 196.5 196.9 ... 0.4 4.3 0.2 2.2
Labour force 122.9 123.9 1.3 1.0 6.3 0.8 5.4
Employment 116.7 117.6 1.3 0.9 4.8 0.8 4.3
Unemployment 6.2 6.3 0.4 0.1 1.6 1.6 34.0
Participation rate 62.5 62.9 0.7 0.4 1.8 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.0 5.1 0.4 0.1 1.1 ... ...
Employment rate 59.4 59.7 0.7 0.3 1.1 ... ...
Trois-Rivières, Quebec               
Population 140.1 140.2 ... 0.1 1.8 0.1 1.3
Labour force 86.9 86.8 0.9 -0.1 7.3 -0.1 9.2
Employment 82.0 81.7 0.9 -0.3 4.9 -0.4 6.4
Unemployment 4.8 5.1 0.3 0.3 2.4 6.3 88.9
Participation rate 62.0 61.9 0.7 -0.1 4.5 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.5 5.9 0.4 0.4 2.5 ... ...
Employment rate 58.5 58.3 0.7 -0.2 2.8 ... ...
Montréal, Quebec              
Population 3,794.9 3,805.3 ... 10.4 100.1 0.3 2.7
Labour force 2,549.8 2,532.1 9.0 -17.7 -5.0 -0.7 -0.2
Employment 2,400.8 2,387.5 9.3 -13.3 -28.6 -0.6 -1.2
Unemployment 149.0 144.6 4.6 -4.4 23.6 -3.0 19.5
Participation rate 67.2 66.5 0.2 -0.7 -2.0 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.8 5.7 0.2 -0.1 0.9 ... ...
Employment rate 63.3 62.7 0.3 -0.6 -2.5 ... ...
Ottawa–Gatineau, Ontario/Quebec               
Population 1,289.6 1,293.5 ... 3.9 41.9 0.3 3.3
Labour force 890.4 892.6 4.6 2.2 44.0 0.2 5.2
Employment 849.8 851.0 4.7 1.2 37.5 0.1 4.6
Unemployment 40.6 41.6 1.9 1.0 6.5 2.5 18.5
Participation rate 69.0 69.0 0.4 0.0 1.2 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.6 4.7 0.2 0.1 0.6 ... ...
Employment rate 65.9 65.8 0.4 -0.1 0.8 ... ...
Ottawa–Gatineau, Quebec part, Ontario/Quebec              
Population 296.8 297.2 ... 0.4 4.6 0.1 1.6
Labour force 202.1 203.4 1.5 1.3 7.7 0.6 3.9
Employment 192.3 193.9 1.6 1.6 6.7 0.8 3.6
Unemployment 9.8 9.5 0.5 -0.3 1.0 -3.1 11.8
Participation rate 68.1 68.4 0.5 0.3 1.5 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.8 4.7 0.3 -0.1 0.4 ... ...
Employment rate 64.8 65.2 0.5 0.4 1.2 ... ...
Ottawa–Gatineau, Ontario part, Ontario/Quebec              
Population 992.7 996.2 ... 3.5 37.2 0.4 3.9
Labour force 688.3 689.2 4.3 0.9 36.3 0.1 5.6
Employment 657.5 657.1 4.4 -0.4 30.8 -0.1 4.9
Unemployment 30.8 32.1 1.8 1.3 5.6 4.2 21.1
Participation rate 69.3 69.2 0.4 -0.1 1.1 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.5 4.7 0.3 0.2 0.6 ... ...
Employment rate 66.2 66.0 0.5 -0.2 0.7 ... ...
Kingston, Ontario              
Population 156.8 157.4 ... 0.6 7.0 0.4 4.7
Labour force 96.6 96.3 0.9 -0.3 1.0 -0.3 1.0
Employment 90.5 89.9 0.9 -0.6 -0.5 -0.7 -0.6
Unemployment 6.1 6.3 0.3 0.2 1.4 3.3 28.6
Participation rate 61.6 61.2 0.6 -0.4 -2.2 ... ...
Unemployment rate 6.3 6.5 0.3 0.2 1.4 ... ...
Employment rate 57.7 57.1 0.6 -0.6 -3.0 ... ...
Belleville, Ontario              
Population 91.1 94.5 ... 3.4 -7.4 3.7 -7.3
Labour force 44.6 40.4 3.2 -4.2 -25.3 -9.4 -38.5
Employment 42.7 38.4 2.9 -4.3 -23.8 -10.1 -38.3
Unemployment 1.8 1.9 0.9 0.1 -1.7 5.6 -47.2
Participation rate 49.0 42.8 2.0 -6.2 -21.7 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.0 4.7 1.3 0.7 -0.8 ... ...
Employment rate 46.9 40.6 1.8 -6.3 -20.4 ... ...
Peterborough, Ontario              
Population 118.5 118.9 ... 0.4 3.5 0.3 3.0
Labour force 73.6 72.3 1.4 -1.3 7.2 -1.8 11.1
Employment 70.5 68.3 1.5 -2.2 6.3 -3.1 10.2
Unemployment 3.1 4.0 0.5 0.9 1.0 29.0 33.3
Participation rate 62.1 60.8 1.2 -1.3 4.4 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.2 5.5 0.8 1.3 0.9 ... ...
Employment rate 59.5 57.4 1.3 -2.1 3.7 ... ...
Oshawa, Ontario              
Population 362.3 363.1 ... 0.8 8.7 0.2 2.5
Labour force 242.8 243.2 2.1 0.4 2.4 0.2 1.0
Employment 228.3 229.4 2.1 1.1 -0.1 0.5 -0.0
Unemployment 14.6 13.8 1.0 -0.8 2.5 -5.5 22.1
Participation rate 67.0 67.0 0.6 0.0 -0.9 ... ...
Unemployment rate 6.0 5.7 0.4 -0.3 1.0 ... ...
Employment rate 63.0 63.2 0.6 0.2 -1.6 ... ...
Toronto, Ontario              
Population 5,945.4 5,970.5 ... 25.1 246.9 0.4 4.3
Labour force 3,942.5 3,954.6 11.4 12.1 119.6 0.3 3.1
Employment 3,674.2 3,674.2 11.4 0.0 61.4 0.0 1.7
Unemployment 268.3 280.4 6.2 12.1 58.2 4.5 26.2
Participation rate 66.3 66.2 0.2 -0.1 -0.8 ... ...
Unemployment rate 6.8 7.1 0.2 0.3 1.3 ... ...
Employment rate 61.8 61.5 0.2 -0.3 -1.6 ... ...
Hamilton, Ontario              
Population 691.0 692.5 ... 1.5 15.6 0.2 2.3
Labour force 444.3 446.2 3.2 1.9 7.9 0.4 1.8
Employment 417.5 417.7 3.3 0.2 3.2 0.0 0.8
Unemployment 26.8 28.5 1.3 1.7 4.8 6.3 20.3
Participation rate 64.3 64.4 0.5 0.1 -0.4 ... ...
Unemployment rate 6.0 6.4 0.3 0.4 1.0 ... ...
Employment rate 60.4 60.3 0.5 -0.1 -0.9 ... ...
St. Catharines–Niagara, Ontario               
Population 388.3 389.4 ... 1.1 10.9 0.3 2.9
Labour force 235.3 234.0 3.0 -1.3 2.5 -0.6 1.1
Employment 218.3 216.7 2.9 -1.6 -4.8 -0.7 -2.2
Unemployment 17.0 17.4 1.1 0.4 7.3 2.4 72.3
Participation rate 60.6 60.1 0.8 -0.5 -1.1 ... ...
Unemployment rate 7.2 7.4 0.5 0.2 3.0 ... ...
Employment rate 56.2 55.6 0.8 -0.6 -2.9 ... ...
Kitchener–Cambridge–Waterloo, Ontario              
Population 536.9 539.3 ... 2.4 23.6 0.4 4.6
Labour force 368.7 373.5 2.0 4.8 15.4 1.3 4.3
Employment 343.7 348.5 2.1 4.8 11.0 1.4 3.3
Unemployment 24.9 25.0 1.1 0.1 4.4 0.4 21.4
Participation rate 68.7 69.3 0.4 0.6 -0.1 ... ...
Unemployment rate 6.8 6.7 0.3 -0.1 0.9 ... ...
Employment rate 64.0 64.6 0.4 0.6 -0.8 ... ...
Brantford, Ontario              
Population 123.1 123.3 ... 0.2 2.0 0.2 1.6
Labour force 83.1 83.4 1.0 0.3 -1.0 0.4 -1.2
Employment 79.0 79.3 1.1 0.3 -0.4 0.4 -0.5
Unemployment 4.1 4.1 0.4 0.0 -0.6 0.0 -12.8
Participation rate 67.5 67.6 0.9 0.1 -2.0 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.9 4.9 0.5 0.0 -0.7 ... ...
Employment rate 64.2 64.3 0.9 0.1 -1.4 ... ...
Guelph, Ontario              
Population 148.3 148.7 ... 0.4 4.3 0.3 3.0
Labour force 109.1 108.0 1.3 -1.1 6.2 -1.0 6.1
Employment 104.4 103.8 1.3 -0.6 5.9 -0.6 6.0
Unemployment 4.7 4.2 0.6 -0.5 0.3 -10.6 7.7
Participation rate 73.6 72.6 0.9 -1.0 2.1 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.3 3.9 0.6 -0.4 0.1 ... ...
Employment rate 70.4 69.8 0.9 -0.6 2.0 ... ...
London, Ontario              
Population 498.8 500.8 ... 2.0 19.3 0.4 4.0
Labour force 330.9 330.2 2.4 -0.7 16.1 -0.2 5.1
Employment 312.1 310.8 2.4 -1.3 12.7 -0.4 4.3
Unemployment 18.8 19.4 1.0 0.6 3.4 3.2 21.3
Participation rate 66.3 65.9 0.5 -0.4 0.7 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.7 5.9 0.3 0.2 0.8 ... ...
Employment rate 62.6 62.1 0.5 -0.5 0.2 ... ...
Windsor, Ontario              
Population 321.7 322.9 ... 1.2 11.5 0.4 3.7
Labour force 200.8 198.6 2.0 -2.2 -2.6 -1.1 -1.3
Employment 186.4 184.0 2.1 -2.4 -6.0 -1.3 -3.2
Unemployment 14.4 14.6 0.9 0.2 3.4 1.4 30.4
Participation rate 62.4 61.5 0.6 -0.9 -3.1 ... ...
Unemployment rate 7.2 7.4 0.5 0.2 1.8 ... ...
Employment rate 57.9 57.0 0.7 -0.9 -4.0 ... ...
Barrie, Ontario              
Population 190.3 190.8 ... 0.5 5.4 0.3 2.9
Labour force 133.0 134.9 1.6 1.9 -8.2 1.4 -5.7
Employment 123.6 124.8 1.7 1.2 -12.7 1.0 -9.2
Unemployment 9.4 10.0 0.8 0.6 4.4 6.4 78.6
Participation rate 69.9 70.7 0.9 0.8 -6.5 ... ...
Unemployment rate 7.1 7.4 0.6 0.3 3.5 ... ...
Employment rate 65.0 65.4 0.9 0.4 -8.8 ... ...
Greater Sudbury, Ontario              
Population 148.7 148.9 ... 0.2 2.5 0.1 1.7
Labour force 93.4 92.3 1.0 -1.1 0.9 -1.2 1.0
Employment 87.5 87.0 1.0 -0.5 -0.8 -0.6 -0.9
Unemployment 5.9 5.4 0.4 -0.5 1.8 -8.5 50.0
Participation rate 62.8 62.0 0.7 -0.8 -0.4 ... ...
Unemployment rate 6.3 5.9 0.4 -0.4 2.0 ... ...
Employment rate 58.8 58.4 0.7 -0.4 -1.6 ... ...
Thunder Bay, Ontario              
Population 108.5 108.7 ... 0.2 2.0 0.2 1.9
Labour force 64.6 64.0 0.6 -0.6 -2.8 -0.9 -4.2
Employment 61.9 61.4 0.6 -0.5 -2.6 -0.8 -4.1
Unemployment 2.7 2.5 0.2 -0.2 -0.3 -7.4 -10.7
Participation rate 59.5 58.9 0.6 -0.6 -3.7 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.2 3.9 0.3 -0.3 -0.3 ... ...
Employment rate 57.1 56.5 0.6 -0.6 -3.5 ... ...
Winnipeg, Manitoba              
Population 747.1 750.0 ... 2.9 29.1 0.4 4.0
Labour force 502.5 502.6 1.7 0.1 12.4 0.0 2.5
Employment 481.5 482.1 1.8 0.6 15.0 0.1 3.2
Unemployment 20.9 20.6 1.0 -0.3 -2.6 -1.4 -11.2
Participation rate 67.3 67.0 0.2 -0.3 -1.0 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.2 4.1 0.2 -0.1 -0.6 ... ...
Employment rate 64.4 64.3 0.2 -0.1 -0.5 ... ...
Regina, Saskatchewan              
Population 232.9 233.7 ... 0.8 9.9 0.3 4.4
Labour force 159.7 159.6 1.1 -0.1 8.9 -0.1 5.9
Employment 152.0 152.0 1.1 0.0 8.8 0.0 6.1
Unemployment 7.7 7.6 0.5 -0.1 0.1 -1.3 1.3
Participation rate 68.6 68.3 0.5 -0.3 1.0 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.8 4.8 0.3 0.0 -0.2 ... ...
Employment rate 65.3 65.0 0.5 -0.3 1.0 ... ...
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan              
Population 297.5 298.6 ... 1.1 12.8 0.4 4.5
Labour force 213.6 213.8 1.2 0.2 13.8 0.1 6.9
Employment 201.5 202.7 1.2 1.2 11.4 0.6 6.0
Unemployment 12.1 11.1 0.5 -1.0 2.4 -8.3 27.6
Participation rate 71.8 71.6 0.4 -0.2 1.6 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.7 5.2 0.3 -0.5 0.8 ... ...
Employment rate 67.7 67.9 0.4 0.2 1.0 ... ...
Lethbridge, Alberta              
Population 114.5 114.9 ... 0.4 5.3 0.3 4.8
Labour force 81.4 81.3 1.3 -0.1 8.0 -0.1 10.9
Employment 77.1 76.2 1.3 -0.9 5.9 -1.2 8.4
Unemployment 4.3 5.1 0.4 0.8 2.1 18.6 70.0
Participation rate 71.1 70.8 1.2 -0.3 3.9 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.3 6.3 0.6 1.0 2.2 ... ...
Employment rate 67.3 66.3 1.2 -1.0 2.2 ... ...
Calgary, Alberta              
Population 1,386.4 1,392.2 ... 5.8 69.4 0.4 5.2
Labour force 972.7 979.2 6.0 6.5 45.7 0.7 4.9
Employment 916.3 919.5 6.2 3.2 46.8 0.3 5.4
Unemployment 56.4 59.8 2.7 3.4 -1.1 6.0 -1.8
Participation rate 70.2 70.3 0.4 0.1 -0.3 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.8 6.1 0.3 0.3 -0.4 ... ...
Employment rate 66.1 66.0 0.5 -0.1 0.0 ... ...
Edmonton, Alberta              
Population 1,320.8 1,326.7 ... 5.9 69.1 0.4 5.5
Labour force 907.9 912.8 5.1 4.9 25.8 0.5 2.9
Employment 847.2 852.4 5.2 5.2 14.1 0.6 1.7
Unemployment 60.7 60.4 2.5 -0.3 11.7 -0.5 24.0
Participation rate 68.7 68.8 0.4 0.1 -1.7 ... ...
Unemployment rate 6.7 6.6 0.3 -0.1 1.1 ... ...
Employment rate 64.1 64.2 0.4 0.1 -2.5 ... ...
Kelowna, British Columbia               
Population 195.7 196.2 ... 0.5 5.9 0.3 3.1
Labour force 114.8 117.6 2.1 2.8 -1.4 2.4 -1.2
Employment 108.4 111.0 2.0 2.6 -4.0 2.4 -3.5
Unemployment 6.4 6.5 0.7 0.1 2.5 1.6 62.5
Participation rate 58.7 59.9 1.1 1.2 -2.6 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.6 5.5 0.5 -0.1 2.1 ... ...
Employment rate 55.4 56.6 1.0 1.2 -3.8 ... ...
Abbotsford–Mission, British Columbia              
Population 180.2 180.7 ... 0.5 5.4 0.3 3.1
Labour force 113.8 114.8 1.2 1.0 2.5 0.9 2.2
Employment 109.7 109.9 1.2 0.2 4.2 0.2 4.0
Unemployment 4.1 4.9 0.5 0.8 -1.7 19.5 -25.8
Participation rate 63.2 63.5 0.7 0.3 -0.6 ... ...
Unemployment rate 3.6 4.3 0.4 0.7 -1.6 ... ...
Employment rate 60.9 60.8 0.7 -0.1 0.5 ... ...
Vancouver, British Columbia               
Population 2,487.4 2,496.0 ... 8.6 88.2 0.3 3.7
Labour force 1,713.2 1,710.5 6.0 -2.7 72.5 -0.2 4.4
Employment 1,613.7 1,615.5 6.1 1.8 57.5 0.1 3.7
Unemployment 99.6 95.0 3.1 -4.6 14.9 -4.6 18.6
Participation rate 68.9 68.5 0.2 -0.4 0.5 ... ...
Unemployment rate 5.8 5.6 0.2 -0.2 0.7 ... ...
Employment rate 64.9 64.7 0.2 -0.2 0.0 ... ...
Victoria, British Columbia               
Population 368.4 369.4 ... 1.0 11.2 0.3 3.1
Labour force 241.7 241.1 2.2 -0.6 21.9 -0.2 10.0
Employment 230.8 230.7 2.2 -0.1 18.5 -0.0 8.7
Unemployment 10.9 10.4 0.8 -0.5 3.4 -4.6 48.6
Participation rate 65.6 65.3 0.6 -0.3 4.1 ... ...
Unemployment rate 4.5 4.3 0.3 -0.2 1.1 ... ...
Employment rate 62.6 62.5 0.6 -0.1 3.3 ... ...
...
not applicable
Note(s):
The sum of individual categories may not always add up to the total as a result of rounding.
Source(s):
Date modified: