Table 6
Employment by province and industry, seasonally adjusted
February 2024 |
March 2024 |
Standard error1 | February to March 2024 | March 2023 to March 2024 | February to March 2024 | March 2023 to March 2024 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
thousands | thousands | thousands | change in thousands | change in thousands | % change | % change | |
Newfoundland and Labrador | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 243.7 | 243.7 | 2.1 | 0.0 | 6.7 | 0.0 | 2.8 |
Goods-producing sector | 50.8 | 50.5 | 1.4 | -0.3 | -0.4 | -0.6 | -0.8 |
Agriculture | 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.2 | -0.2 | 0.0 | -16.7 | 0.0 |
Natural resources2 | 17.8 | 17.9 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 8.5 |
Utilities | 2.1 | 2.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | -0.6 | 0.0 | -22.2 |
Construction | 21.4 | 20.4 | 0.9 | -1.0 | 0.5 | -4.7 | 2.5 |
Manufacturing | 8.2 | 9.2 | 0.7 | 1.0 | -1.5 | 12.2 | -14.0 |
Services-producing sector | 193.0 | 193.2 | 1.9 | 0.2 | 7.1 | 0.1 | 3.8 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 38.2 | 38.6 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 2.4 | 1.0 | 6.6 |
Transportation and warehousing | 12.3 | 12.4 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 1.6 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 7.6 | 8.0 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 5.3 | 5.3 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 12.4 | 12.4 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 11.7 |
Business, building and other support services | 5.4 | 6.6 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 22.2 | 24.5 |
Educational services | 19.0 | 19.3 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 2.3 | 1.6 | 13.5 |
Health care and social assistance | 46.5 | 45.1 | 0.9 | -1.4 | -0.3 | -3.0 | -0.7 |
Information, culture and recreation | 7.3 | 7.1 | 0.5 | -0.2 | -0.2 | -2.7 | -2.7 |
Accommodation and food services | 14.0 | 14.0 | 0.7 | 0.0 | -0.5 | 0.0 | -3.4 |
Other services (except public administration) | 8.6 | 8.3 | 0.5 | -0.3 | 1.0 | -3.5 | 13.7 |
Public administration | 21.8 | 21.3 | 0.6 | -0.5 | -0.9 | -2.3 | -4.1 |
Prince Edward Island | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 92.0 | 91.9 | 0.9 | -0.1 | 4.7 | -0.1 | 5.4 |
Goods-producing sector | 21.6 | 21.5 | 0.6 | -0.1 | 0.7 | -0.5 | 3.4 |
Agriculture | 4.0 | 3.9 | 0.3 | -0.1 | 0.7 | -2.5 | 21.9 |
Natural resources2 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 0.3 | 0.2 | -0.4 | 14.3 | -20.0 |
Utilities | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 100.0 |
Construction | 7.6 | 7.7 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 1.3 | 8.5 |
Manufacturing | 8.2 | 8.0 | 0.4 | -0.2 | -0.3 | -2.4 | -3.6 |
Services-producing sector | 70.3 | 70.4 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 3.9 | 0.1 | 5.9 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 10.7 | 9.8 | 0.4 | -0.9 | -0.8 | -8.4 | -7.5 |
Transportation and warehousing | 3.5 | 3.7 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 1.5 | 5.7 | 68.2 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 3.9 | 4.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 5.1 | 10.8 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 5.0 | 5.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 2.0 | 18.6 |
Business, building and other support services | 2.5 | 2.4 | 0.3 | -0.1 | -0.3 | -4.0 | -11.1 |
Educational services | 6.7 | 6.7 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 3.1 |
Health care and social assistance | 14.5 | 14.2 | 0.4 | -0.3 | -0.1 | -2.1 | -0.7 |
Information, culture and recreation | 3.2 | 3.6 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 12.5 | 28.6 |
Accommodation and food services | 6.1 | 6.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 6.6 | 22.6 |
Other services (except public administration) | 3.7 | 3.8 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 2.7 | 8.6 |
Public administration | 10.6 | 10.5 | 0.3 | -0.1 | 0.0 | -0.9 | 0.0 |
Nova Scotia | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 517.9 | 516.4 | 3.0 | -1.5 | 19.8 | -0.3 | 4.0 |
Goods-producing sector | 91.1 | 93.1 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 0.7 | 2.2 | 0.8 |
Agriculture | 4.4 | 4.3 | 0.5 | -0.1 | -0.1 | -2.3 | -2.3 |
Natural resources2 | 8.6 | 8.5 | 0.9 | -0.1 | -0.8 | -1.2 | -8.6 |
Utilities | 3.9 | 3.9 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 30.0 |
Construction | 38.3 | 39.5 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 0.3 | 3.1 | 0.8 |
Manufacturing | 35.9 | 36.8 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2.5 | 0.8 |
Services-producing sector | 426.8 | 423.3 | 2.9 | -3.5 | 19.1 | -0.8 | 4.7 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 84.6 | 82.2 | 1.6 | -2.4 | 5.7 | -2.8 | 7.5 |
Transportation and warehousing | 22.6 | 21.7 | 1.0 | -0.9 | 0.6 | -4.0 | 2.8 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 30.6 | 31.3 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 7.6 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 37.7 | 36.6 | 1.2 | -1.1 | -2.5 | -2.9 | -6.4 |
Business, building and other support services | 18.6 | 17.3 | 0.9 | -1.3 | 0.4 | -7.0 | 2.4 |
Educational services | 42.3 | 42.2 | 1.1 | -0.1 | 2.8 | -0.2 | 7.1 |
Health care and social assistance | 78.8 | 80.3 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 1.9 |
Information, culture and recreation | 20.5 | 19.7 | 1.1 | -0.8 | 0.0 | -3.9 | 0.0 |
Accommodation and food services | 32.4 | 32.9 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 3.4 | 1.5 | 11.5 |
Other services (except public administration) | 22.6 | 22.5 | 1.0 | -0.1 | 2.6 | -0.4 | 13.1 |
Public administration | 36.1 | 36.5 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 2.2 | 1.1 | 6.4 |
New Brunswick | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 392.6 | 390.9 | 2.4 | -1.7 | 5.8 | -0.4 | 1.5 |
Goods-producing sector | 81.4 | 79.7 | 1.6 | -1.7 | 2.7 | -2.1 | 3.5 |
Agriculture | 5.0 | 4.9 | 0.5 | -0.1 | -0.8 | -2.0 | -14.0 |
Natural resources2 | 7.9 | 7.3 | 0.7 | -0.6 | -1.4 | -7.6 | -16.1 |
Utilities | 5.2 | 5.3 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 1.0 | 1.9 | 23.3 |
Construction | 35.2 | 35.0 | 1.1 | -0.2 | 5.3 | -0.6 | 17.8 |
Manufacturing | 28.1 | 27.2 | 0.9 | -0.9 | -1.2 | -3.2 | -4.2 |
Services-producing sector | 311.2 | 311.2 | 2.3 | 0.0 | 3.1 | 0.0 | 1.0 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 55.1 | 56.4 | 1.2 | 1.3 | -1.6 | 2.4 | -2.8 |
Transportation and warehousing | 21.8 | 20.4 | 0.7 | -1.4 | 2.8 | -6.4 | 15.9 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 19.4 | 20.1 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 3.6 | 0.0 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 23.6 | 24.4 | 0.8 | 0.8 | -1.0 | 3.4 | -3.9 |
Business, building and other support services | 12.7 | 12.2 | 0.7 | -0.5 | 1.3 | -3.9 | 11.9 |
Educational services | 30.7 | 29.7 | 1.0 | -1.0 | -1.3 | -3.3 | -4.2 |
Health care and social assistance | 62.2 | 61.7 | 1.1 | -0.5 | 0.6 | -0.8 | 1.0 |
Information, culture and recreation | 13.3 | 13.5 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 3.6 | 1.5 | 36.4 |
Accommodation and food services | 21.4 | 21.1 | 1.0 | -0.3 | 0.3 | -1.4 | 1.4 |
Other services (except public administration) | 14.9 | 15.9 | 0.7 | 1.0 | -1.0 | 6.7 | -5.9 |
Public administration | 36.1 | 35.8 | 0.8 | -0.3 | -0.6 | -0.8 | -1.6 |
Quebec | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 4,533.2 | 4,515.2 | 16.7 | -18.0 | 24.5 | -0.4 | 0.5 |
Goods-producing sector | 921.5 | 923.8 | 10.0 | 2.3 | -17.2 | 0.2 | -1.8 |
Agriculture | 47.0 | 47.5 | 2.8 | 0.5 | -7.0 | 1.1 | -12.8 |
Natural resources2 | 38.4 | 39.6 | 2.1 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 3.1 | 4.2 |
Utilities | 32.9 | 33.7 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 2.4 | 3.7 |
Construction | 314.0 | 321.0 | 6.6 | 7.0 | 9.3 | 2.2 | 3.0 |
Manufacturing | 489.2 | 481.9 | 7.1 | -7.3 | -22.3 | -1.5 | -4.4 |
Services-producing sector | 3,611.7 | 3,591.4 | 16.4 | -20.3 | 41.7 | -0.6 | 1.2 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 664.8 | 658.5 | 8.9 | -6.3 | 5.8 | -0.9 | 0.9 |
Transportation and warehousing | 229.3 | 222.9 | 5.1 | -6.4 | 6.9 | -2.8 | 3.2 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 266.2 | 271.5 | 5.0 | 5.3 | -4.1 | 2.0 | -1.5 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 390.1 | 384.9 | 6.4 | -5.2 | -1.6 | -1.3 | -0.4 |
Business, building and other support services | 155.7 | 155.5 | 6.1 | -0.2 | -28.9 | -0.1 | -15.7 |
Educational services | 348.7 | 354.6 | 6.4 | 5.9 | 26.6 | 1.7 | 8.1 |
Health care and social assistance | 623.3 | 626.1 | 6.9 | 2.8 | 33.5 | 0.4 | 5.7 |
Information, culture and recreation | 202.1 | 194.4 | 6.2 | -7.7 | -11.5 | -3.8 | -5.6 |
Accommodation and food services | 252.1 | 242.4 | 6.4 | -9.7 | 5.3 | -3.8 | 2.2 |
Other services (except public administration) | 182.5 | 184.5 | 4.7 | 2.0 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 0.4 |
Public administration | 296.8 | 296.0 | 4.7 | -0.8 | 8.9 | -0.3 | 3.1 |
Ontario | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 7,944.4 | 7,970.5 | 20.8 | 26.1 | 86.2 | 0.3 | 1.1 |
Goods-producing sector | 1,568.8 | 1,579.8 | 12.5 | 11.0 | 7.2 | 0.7 | 0.5 |
Agriculture | 75.4 | 71.9 | 3.5 | -3.5 | -8.0 | -4.6 | -10.0 |
Natural resources2 | 39.4 | 38.1 | 2.1 | -1.3 | -1.7 | -3.3 | -4.3 |
Utilities | 62.0 | 59.4 | 2.6 | -2.6 | -3.1 | -4.2 | -5.0 |
Construction | 584.4 | 595.8 | 8.5 | 11.4 | -3.0 | 2.0 | -0.5 |
Manufacturing | 807.6 | 814.7 | 9.1 | 7.1 | 23.2 | 0.9 | 2.9 |
Services-producing sector | 6,375.6 | 6,390.7 | 21.1 | 15.1 | 78.9 | 0.2 | 1.3 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 1,089.2 | 1,091.1 | 11.3 | 1.9 | -38.4 | 0.2 | -3.4 |
Transportation and warehousing | 408.9 | 421.5 | 6.6 | 12.6 | 36.5 | 3.1 | 9.5 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 677.2 | 679.2 | 8.0 | 2.0 | -13.6 | 0.3 | -2.0 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 869.0 | 865.9 | 9.5 | -3.1 | 54.7 | -0.4 | 6.7 |
Business, building and other support services | 273.8 | 275.5 | 7.1 | 1.7 | -22.5 | 0.6 | -7.6 |
Educational services | 584.6 | 590.9 | 8.3 | 6.3 | 29.8 | 1.1 | 5.3 |
Health care and social assistance | 969.9 | 984.6 | 8.9 | 14.7 | 16.1 | 1.5 | 1.7 |
Information, culture and recreation | 328.1 | 329.7 | 8.2 | 1.6 | 9.4 | 0.5 | 2.9 |
Accommodation and food services | 422.3 | 409.6 | 8.4 | -12.7 | -11.5 | -3.0 | -2.7 |
Other services (except public administration) | 290.6 | 280.6 | 6.3 | -10.0 | 14.4 | -3.4 | 5.4 |
Public administration | 461.8 | 461.9 | 5.7 | 0.1 | 3.9 | 0.0 | 0.9 |
Manitoba | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 704.7 | 700.4 | 3.2 | -4.3 | 8.8 | -0.6 | 1.3 |
Goods-producing sector | 154.3 | 150.8 | 2.1 | -3.5 | -0.5 | -2.3 | -0.3 |
Agriculture | 13.0 | 12.4 | 0.8 | -0.6 | -2.9 | -4.6 | -19.0 |
Natural resources2 | 5.4 | 4.7 | 0.6 | -0.7 | -2.1 | -13.0 | -30.9 |
Utilities | 6.2 | 6.1 | 0.3 | -0.1 | 0.2 | -1.6 | 3.4 |
Construction | 60.5 | 57.3 | 1.4 | -3.2 | 1.3 | -5.3 | 2.3 |
Manufacturing | 69.2 | 70.4 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 3.1 | 1.7 | 4.6 |
Services-producing sector | 550.4 | 549.6 | 3.2 | -0.8 | 9.3 | -0.1 | 1.7 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 96.7 | 98.2 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.4 |
Transportation and warehousing | 49.0 | 48.9 | 1.3 | -0.1 | 9.6 | -0.2 | 24.4 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 44.3 | 45.2 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 3.7 | 2.0 | 8.9 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 36.0 | 35.2 | 1.1 | -0.8 | -1.6 | -2.2 | -4.3 |
Business, building and other support services | 17.8 | 16.8 | 1.0 | -1.0 | -4.8 | -5.6 | -22.2 |
Educational services | 62.7 | 62.0 | 1.5 | -0.7 | -2.7 | -1.1 | -4.2 |
Health care and social assistance | 111.2 | 112.3 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 7.8 | 1.0 | 7.5 |
Information, culture and recreation | 24.9 | 25.4 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 7.6 |
Accommodation and food services | 32.5 | 31.8 | 1.3 | -0.7 | -4.9 | -2.2 | -13.4 |
Other services (except public administration) | 28.9 | 28.1 | 1.0 | -0.8 | 0.0 | -2.8 | 0.0 |
Public administration | 46.3 | 45.7 | 1.1 | -0.6 | -1.0 | -1.3 | -2.1 |
Saskatchewan | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 603.1 | 597.1 | 3.0 | -6.0 | 10.0 | -1.0 | 1.7 |
Goods-producing sector | 125.3 | 123.5 | 1.9 | -1.8 | -4.8 | -1.4 | -3.7 |
Agriculture | 22.3 | 23.1 | 1.0 | 0.8 | -1.8 | 3.6 | -7.2 |
Natural resources2 | 19.6 | 21.1 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 7.7 | 3.9 |
Utilities | 6.8 | 6.6 | 0.4 | -0.2 | -1.4 | -2.9 | -17.5 |
Construction | 43.0 | 39.8 | 1.2 | -3.2 | -3.5 | -7.4 | -8.1 |
Manufacturing | 33.6 | 32.9 | 0.9 | -0.7 | 1.1 | -2.1 | 3.5 |
Services-producing sector | 477.8 | 473.6 | 3.0 | -4.2 | 14.8 | -0.9 | 3.2 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 101.9 | 100.1 | 1.7 | -1.8 | -0.7 | -1.8 | -0.7 |
Transportation and warehousing | 28.6 | 29.8 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 3.9 | 4.2 | 15.1 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 29.9 | 28.4 | 0.9 | -1.5 | -2.4 | -5.0 | -7.8 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 39.2 | 37.9 | 0.9 | -1.3 | 6.4 | -3.3 | 20.3 |
Business, building and other support services | 16.0 | 16.6 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 4.1 | 3.8 | 32.8 |
Educational services | 52.5 | 53.1 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 3.5 | 1.1 | 7.1 |
Health care and social assistance | 92.8 | 92.2 | 1.5 | -0.6 | 0.4 | -0.6 | 0.4 |
Information, culture and recreation | 22.6 | 22.0 | 1.1 | -0.6 | 1.4 | -2.7 | 6.8 |
Accommodation and food services | 30.9 | 31.9 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 3.2 | 3.6 |
Other services (except public administration) | 26.3 | 26.4 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 1.5 |
Public administration | 37.1 | 35.3 | 0.9 | -1.8 | -3.0 | -4.9 | -7.8 |
Alberta | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 2,530.1 | 2,526.9 | 11.8 | -3.2 | 82.8 | -0.1 | 3.4 |
Goods-producing sector | 598.5 | 612.4 | 8.0 | 13.9 | 36.4 | 2.3 | 6.3 |
Agriculture | 39.1 | 39.9 | 2.9 | 0.8 | -6.4 | 2.0 | -13.8 |
Natural resources2 | 144.2 | 146.4 | 4.1 | 2.2 | 13.6 | 1.5 | 10.2 |
Utilities | 20.9 | 24.8 | 1.5 | 3.9 | 4.6 | 18.7 | 22.8 |
Construction | 250.9 | 253.3 | 5.6 | 2.4 | 19.3 | 1.0 | 8.2 |
Manufacturing | 143.4 | 148.0 | 4.0 | 4.6 | 5.4 | 3.2 | 3.8 |
Services-producing sector | 1,931.7 | 1,914.5 | 11.8 | -17.2 | 46.4 | -0.9 | 2.5 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 378.7 | 357.1 | 6.7 | -21.6 | -3.4 | -5.7 | -0.9 |
Transportation and warehousing | 154.9 | 152.2 | 4.4 | -2.7 | -0.3 | -1.7 | -0.2 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 135.6 | 132.1 | 3.5 | -3.5 | 0.8 | -2.6 | 0.6 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 239.8 | 234.4 | 5.1 | -5.4 | -16.5 | -2.3 | -6.6 |
Business, building and other support services | 87.1 | 84.5 | 3.8 | -2.6 | 6.1 | -3.0 | 7.8 |
Educational services | 163.2 | 162.8 | 4.5 | -0.4 | -2.3 | -0.2 | -1.4 |
Health care and social assistance | 323.1 | 335.5 | 5.3 | 12.4 | 15.8 | 3.8 | 4.9 |
Information, culture and recreation | 83.3 | 85.6 | 3.5 | 2.3 | 5.9 | 2.8 | 7.4 |
Accommodation and food services | 139.2 | 139.4 | 4.2 | 0.2 | 14.9 | 0.1 | 12.0 |
Other services (except public administration) | 104.1 | 107.0 | 4.0 | 2.9 | 13.0 | 2.8 | 13.8 |
Public administration | 122.7 | 123.9 | 2.8 | 1.2 | 12.3 | 1.0 | 11.0 |
British Columbia | |||||||
Total employed, all industries | 2,841.2 | 2,847.8 | 11.1 | 6.6 | 75.0 | 0.2 | 2.7 |
Goods-producing sector | 485.2 | 493.2 | 6.6 | 8.0 | -16.7 | 1.6 | -3.3 |
Agriculture | 17.6 | 17.6 | 2.2 | 0.0 | -7.0 | 0.0 | -28.5 |
Natural resources2 | 51.8 | 52.9 | 2.1 | 1.1 | 7.5 | 2.1 | 16.5 |
Utilities | 14.7 | 17.2 | 1.1 | 2.5 | 0.7 | 17.0 | 4.2 |
Construction | 230.3 | 231.1 | 4.9 | 0.8 | -18.3 | 0.3 | -7.3 |
Manufacturing | 170.9 | 174.4 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 0.4 | 2.0 | 0.2 |
Services-producing sector | 2,356.0 | 2,354.5 | 11.0 | -1.5 | 91.6 | -0.1 | 4.0 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 426.8 | 431.5 | 6.3 | 4.7 | -6.1 | 1.1 | -1.4 |
Transportation and warehousing | 151.8 | 148.1 | 3.7 | -3.7 | 8.2 | -2.4 | 5.9 |
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 180.0 | 185.8 | 3.3 | 5.8 | 15.0 | 3.2 | 8.8 |
Professional, scientific and technical services | 287.8 | 284.0 | 5.2 | -3.8 | 18.3 | -1.3 | 6.9 |
Business, building and other support services | 93.0 | 91.5 | 3.9 | -1.5 | -1.7 | -1.6 | -1.8 |
Educational services | 220.0 | 216.7 | 4.4 | -3.3 | 5.2 | -1.5 | 2.5 |
Health care and social assistance | 399.3 | 409.6 | 4.9 | 10.3 | 48.8 | 2.6 | 13.5 |
Information, culture and recreation | 147.1 | 141.3 | 4.7 | -5.8 | -2.0 | -3.9 | -1.4 |
Accommodation and food services | 179.7 | 174.5 | 5.0 | -5.2 | -23.6 | -2.9 | -11.9 |
Other services (except public administration) | 120.2 | 120.4 | 3.6 | 0.2 | 16.4 | 0.2 | 15.8 |
Public administration | 150.4 | 151.2 | 2.9 | 0.8 | 13.2 | 0.5 | 9.6 |
Note(s):
The sum of individual categories may not always add up to the total as a result of rounding.
Source(s):
Table 14-10-0355-02.
Table note 1
Average standard error of change between two consecutive months. See the "Data Quality" section of the Guide to the Labour Force Survey (Catalogue number71-543-G) for more information.
Table note 2
Also referred to as "Forestry, fishing, mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction."
- Date modified: