Information for respondents

Authority to publish

I hereby authorize Statistics Canada to disclose any or all portions of the data supplied on this questionnaire that could identify this department after the tabling of the forecast year Main Estimates.

1. Yes
2. No

Respondent Information

1. Name of person authorized to sign
2. Signature
3. Official position
4. Program
5. Department or agency
6. E-mail address
7. Telephone number

Enquiries to be directed to:

1. Name
2. Date
3. Position title
4. Telephone number
5. Email address
6. Fax number

Purpose

This survey collects financial and operating data on expenditures and full-time equivalent personnel on the scientific activities of Federal Government Public Administration in Canada.

Additional information

The data collected are used by federal and provincial science policy analysts, and are also part of the gross domestic expenditures on research and development (GERD). Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Authority

Collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

Completion of this questionnaire is a legal requirement under this Act.

Confidentiality

Statistics Canada is prohibited by law from releasing any information it collects which could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes.

Data-sharing agreements

To reduce respondent burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data-sharing agreements with provincial and territorial statistical agencies and other government organizations, which have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes. Statistics Canada will only share data from this survey with those organizations that have demonstrated a requirement to use the data.

Section 11 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with provincial and territorial statistical agencies that meet certain conditions. These agencies must have the legislative authority to collect the same information, on a mandatory basis, and the legislation must provide substantially the same provisions for confidentiality and penalties for disclosure of confidential information as the Statistics Act. Because these agencies have the legal authority to compel businesses to provide the same information, consent is not requested and businesses may not object to the sharing of the data.

For this survey, there are Section 11 agreements with the provincial and territorial statistical agencies of Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia, and the Yukon.

The shared data will be limited to information pertaining to federal departments and agencies located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Section 12 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with federal, provincial or territorial government organizations. Under Section 12, you may refuse to share your information with any of these organizations by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician and returning it with the completed questionnaire. Please specify the organizations with which you do not want to share your data.

For this survey, there are Section 12 agreements with the statistical agencies of Prince Edward Island, the Northwest Territories, Nunavut and Industry Canada.

The shared data will be limited to information pertaining to federal departments and agencies located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Record linkage

To enhance the data from this survey and to minimize the reporting burden, Statistics Canada may combine it with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Security of emails and faxes

Statistics Canada advises you that there could be a risk of disclosure during the transmission of information by facsimile or e-mail. However, upon receipt, Statistics Canada will provide the guaranteed level of protection afforded all information collected under the authority of the Statistics Act.

Return procedures

Please forward the completed questionnaire and listing of extramural performers through the Electronic File Transfer service (EFT).

For further inquiries:
Phone Number: toll free at 1-888-659-8229
Fax number: toll free at 1-800-755-5514
Email: statcan.fsepsurv-enqdmsf.statcan@statcan.gc.ca

Your participation is greatly appreciated and will contribute to providing useful information on federal S&T expenditures. You will be able to access the results through "The Daily" and Tables 27-10- 0005-01 to 27-10-0014-01 and Tables 27-10-0026-01 to 27-10- 0029-01 on Statistics Canada's web site. The data will also be available on Science.gc.ca.

Thank you for your co-operation.

ISTD - FSEP - Introduction

This introduction is intended to provide an overview of the process of collecting science expenditure data; definitions of and explanatory notes on natural sciences and engineering, social sciences, humanities and the arts, scientific and technological activities, performance sectors, and other terms used are given in subsequent sections.

The collection of science expenditure data is organized by the Investment, Science and Technology Division (ISTD) of Statistics Canada. This exercise was formerly conducted under the aegis of the Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat but is now solely a Statistics Canada survey.

Collection is undertaken to gather essential data describing the recent, current and proposed state of the federal resources allocated to science. Federal science expenditures data are provided to Industry Canada who in turn use the data in the development of advice to the Assistant Deputy Ministers' Steering Committee on the Management of S&T, their Minister and the Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat, as well as in policy development and in monitoring the implementation of science policies. Statistics Canada maintains historical expenditure series in natural sciences and engineering dating back to 1963 and to 1971 in the social sciences, humanities and the arts. These data are available through the Investment, Science and Technology Division (ISTD) or through special requests.

The basic reporting unit is the budgetary program of a department or agency. Each budgetary program forms the subject of separate scientific expenditure reports for the natural and for the social science activities within it. Both the program and the program activities within it may be scientific in whole or in part only. Only expenditures on the scientific components of a program or its activity are reported. In some programs it will be difficult to distinguish between the natural and social sciences. However, some allocation must be made and in determining this allocation, the dominant orientation of the projects and the area of expertise of the personnel involved must be considered. Detailed definitions are given on the following pages.

On the questionnaires, the identified expenditures are looked at from several different viewpoints and in various subdivisions. Expenditures on research and development (R&D) and related scientific activities (RSA) are subdivided to provide an indication of the "what" of a department's scientific effort. Expenditures in each category of scientific activity are further subdivided into "current" and "capital" segments. Current expenditures are additionally subdivided by sector, to indicate the "where" and "by whom" the activity is performed (e.g., in business enterprise, in higher education).

The human resources allocated to scientific activities are summarized in terms of the involved categories of personnel (scientific and professional, technical, etc.) and the principal focus of their efforts (R&D, RSA and, administration of extramural programs).

When completed, checked for consistency with previous reports, entered into the database and totaled along the various dimensions, these data provide snapshots of the federal resources allocated to science, supporting not only the work of central agencies but also the submissions of departments and agencies requesting resources.

Purpose

This survey collects financial and operating data on expenditures and full-time equivalent personnel on the scientific activities of Federal Government Public Administration in Canada.

1. Federal government expenditures

General

The social sciences, humanities and the arts consist of disciplines involving the study of human actions and conditions and the social, economic and institutional mechanisms affecting humans. Included are such disciplines as arts, economics and business, education, history and archaeology, law, language and linguistics, media and communications, philosophy, ethics and religion, psychology and cognitive sciences, social and economic geography, and sociology.

Expenditures by activity and performer

Scientific and technological (S&T) activities can be defined as all systematic activities which are closely concerned with the generation, advancement, dissemination and application of scientific and technology knowledge in all fields of science and technology, that is the natural sciences and engineering, and the social sciences, humanities and the arts.

The central activity is scientific research and experimental development (R&D). In addition there are a number of activities closely related to R&D, and are termed related scientific activities (RSA). Those identified as being appropriate for the federal government in the social sciences, humanities and the arts are: general purpose data collection, information services, special services and studies and education support.

The performer is equivalent to the sector in which the scientific activity is conducted. The basic distinction is between intramural and extramural performance. Extramural payments are classified on the basis of the performance sectors to which they are made. The appropriate extramural performers are business enterprise, higher education, Canadian non-profit institutions, foreign performers, provincial and municipal governments, and other performers.

I.  Performers

lntramural activities include all current expenditures incurred for scientific activities carried out by in-house personnel of units assigned to the program; the related gross fixed capital expenditures (acquisition of land, buildings, machinery and equipment for scientific activities); the administration of scientific activities by program employees; and, the purchase of goods and services to support in-house scientific activities (include royalties or licences for the use of patents and other intellectual property rights, the lease of capital goods (machinery and equipment, etc.) and the rental of buildings to support scientific activities performed by the statistical unit in the reference year).

The intramural expenditures reported for scientific activities are those direct costs, including salaries, associated with scientific programs. The costs should include that portion of a program's contribution to employee benefit plans (e.g., superannuation and compensation) which is applicable to the scientific personnel within the program. The summation of intramural R&D activity is synonymous with the performance of R&D for the entire economy (GERD).

Extramural performers are groups being funded by the federal government sector for S&T activities. In this survey the extramural performers include:

Business enterprise – business and government enterprises including public utilities and government-owned firms. Both financial and non-financial corporations are included. Incorporated consultants or unincorporated individuals providing scientific and engineering services are also included. Industrial research institutes located at Canadian universities are considered to be in the higher education sector.

Higher education – comprises all universities, colleges of technology and other institutes of post-secondary education, whatever their source of finance or legal status. It also includes teaching hospitals (non-teaching hospitals are in the Canadian non-profit sector) all research institutes, centers, experimental stations and clinics that have their scientific activities under the direct control of, or administered by, or associated with, the higher education establishments.

Canadian non-profit institutions – charitable foundations, voluntary health organizations, scientific and professional societies, non-teaching hospitals (teaching hospitals are in the higher education sector) and other organizations not established to earn profits. Non-profit institutions primarily serving or controlled by another sector should be included in the controlling sector.

Provincial and municipal governments – departments and agencies of these governments as well as provincial research organizations. Government enterprises, such as provincial utilities are included in the business enterprise sector, and non-teaching hospitals in the Canadian non-profit institutions sector.

Foreign performers – all foreign government agencies, foreign companies (including foreign subsidiaries of Canadian firms), international organizations, non-resident foreign nationals and Canadians studying or teaching abroad.

II. Research and experimental development (R&D)

Research and experimental development (R&D) – comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge - including knowledge of humankind, culture and society - and to devise new applications of available knowledge.

R&D activities may be aimed at achieving either specific or general objectives. R&D is always aimed at new findings, based on original concepts (and their interpretation) or hypotheses. It is largely uncertain about its final outcome (or at least about the quantity of time and resources needed to achieve it), it is planned for and budgeted (even when carried out by individuals), and it is aimed at producing results that could be either freely transferred or traded in a marketplace.

For an activity to be an R&D activity, it must satisfy five core criteria:

1. To be aimed at new findings (novel);
2. To be based on original, not obvious, concepts and hypothesis (creative);
3. To be uncertain about the final outcome (uncertainty);
4. To be planned and budgeted (systematic);
5. To lead to results that could be possibly reproduced (transferable/or reproducible).

Examples of R&D:

1. A review of theories on the factors determining regional disparities in economic growth.
2. Understanding the fundamental dynamics of spatial interactions.
3. Comparative evaluations of national education programs aimed at reducing the learning gap experienced by disadvantaged communities.
4. Research studies analyzing the spatial-temporal patterns in the transmission and diffusion of an infectious disease outbreak.

Both "research" and "development" are often used with different meanings in the government. For example, it is increasingly common to hear that a person is "researching" something (i.e. the person is looking for information about something). Similarly, there are many units with either "research" or "development" or both terms in their titles which are concerned primarily with information gathering, speech writing, and preparation of position papers. These should be excluded from the scientific activity of R&D. On the other hand, a case study on unemployment in a specific region, if applying original techniques in interviewing survey respondents could include such data collection in its R&D effort. From a broad perspective, to the extent that the social sciences are using empirical data, the same guidelines have to be applied as for the natural sciences (although excluding the testing of their results on an experimental basis).

Many social scientists perform work in which they bring the established methodologies and facts of the social sciences to bear upon a particular problem, but which cannot be classified as research. The following are examples of work which might be included in this category and are not R&D: interpretative commentary on the probable economic effects of a change in the tax structure using existing economic data; forecasting future changes in the pattern of the demand for social services within a given area arising from an altered demographic structure; operations research as a contribution to decision-making, e.g. planning the optimal distribution system for a factory; the use of standard techniques in applied psychology to select and classify industrial and military personnel, students, etc., and to test children with reading or other disabilities.

Item 1. In-house R&D – R&D performed by personnel of the reporting program. It may include R&D carried out on behalf of another program or federal government department.

In-house R&D activities include all current expenditures incurred for scientific activities carried out by in-house personnel of units assigned to the program, the purchase of goods and services to support in-house scientific activities (include royalties or licences for the use of patents and other intellectual property rights, and the rental of buildings to support scientific activities performed by the statistical unit in the reference year). Also include expenses of persons who provide ancillary services such as security, cleaning and maintenance work, finance and administration that are related and proportional to the R&D being conducted. However, the personnel providing these services are not to be included in the in-house personnel counts (see Section 2. Personnel).

Include the costs of self-employed individuals, consultants and researchers not employed by the statistical unit's R&D activities, who are working on-site on the departments' R&D projects.

The intramural expenditures reported to R&D are those direct costs, including salaries, associated with scientific programs. The cost should include that portion of a program's contribution to employee benefit plans (e.g., superannuation and compensation) which is applicable to the scientific personnel within the program.

Item 2. R&D contracts – R&D contracts to an outside institution or individual to fund R&D performed by the institution or individual. The criterion is: would the performer report the R&D contract as in-house (intramural) R&D that is government-funded? If the answer is yes the activity would be an R&D contract. If no, and the funding is to provide goods and services necessary to support the in-house R&D of the federal government it should be reported as In-house R&D (Item 1).

Contracts to other federal government departments should be reported as a transfer of funds in question 3A (i) and 3A (ii) of the questionnaire.

Item 3. R&D grants and contributions – awards to organizations or individuals for the conduct of R&D and intended to benefit the recipients rather than provide the program with goods, services or information. These funds are normally identical to that portion of the budgetary "grants and contributions" line object of expenditure which is devoted to R&D activities.

Item 4. Research fellowships – awards to individuals for advanced research training and experience. Awards intended primarily to support the education of the recipients should be reported as "education support".

Item 5. Administration of extramural programs – the costs of identifiable units engaged in the administration of contracts and grants and contributions for scientific activities that are to be performed outside the federal government. These expenditures should be broken down by the type of scientific activity supported, i.e. R&D or RSA.

Item 6. Capital expenditures – the annual gross amount paid for the acquisition of fixed assets that are used repeatedly or continuously in the performance of scientific activities for more than one year. They should be reported in full for the period when they took place, whether acquired or developed in house, and should not be registered as an element of depreciation.

The most relevant types of assets used for capital expenditures are:

• Land and buildings
• Machinery and equipment
• Capitalized computer software
• Other intellectual property products

III. Related scientific activities (RSA)

Related scientific activities (RSA) are all systematic activities which are closely concerned with the generation, advancement, dissemination and application of scientific and technological knowledge. The types of related scientific activities for the social sciences, humanities and the arts are described below.

• General purpose data collection – the routine gathering, processing, collating and analyzing and publication of information on human phenomena using survey, regular and special investigations and compilations of existing records. It excludes data collected primarily for internal administrative purpose (e.g. departmental personnel statistics) as well as the collection of data as part of an R&D project.
• Data collected as part of an existing or proposed research project are charged to research. Similarly, the costs of analyzing existing data as part of a research project are R&D costs, even when the data were originally collected for some other purpose. The institution involved are generally the statistical bureaus of Canadian governments and the statistical sections of departments and agencies. If there are units whose principal activity is R&D, their costs and personnel should be assigned to R&D; specialized libraries with separate budgets should be assigned to information services.
• Information services – all work directed to collecting, coding, analyzing, evaluating, recording, classifying, translating and disseminating scientific and technological information as well as museum services. Included are the operations of scientific and technical libraries, S&T consulting and advisory services, the Patent Office, the publication of scientific journals and monographs, and the organizing of scientific conferences. Grants for the publication of scholarly works are also included.
• General purpose information services or information services directed primarily towards the general public are excluded, as are general departmental and public libraries. When individual budgets exist, the costs of libraries which belong to institutions otherwise entirely classified to another activity, such as R&D, should be assigned to information services. The costs of printing and distributing reports from another activity, such as R&D, are normally attributed to that activity.
• Sub category under information services:
• Museum services – the collecting, cataloguing and displaying of specimens and representations relating to human history, social organization and creations. The activity involves a systematic attempt to preserve and display the works of human beings and to provide information on their works, history, and nature. The scientific activities of historical museums, archeological displays, and art galleries are included. In all cases the costs of providing entertainment and recreation to visitors should be excluded (e.g. restaurants, children's gardens and museums).
• When a museum also covers aspects of natural history, the museum's operations should be divided between the social and natural sciences. However, museums of science and technology, war, etc., which display synthetic or artificial objects and may also illustrate the operations of certain technologies, should be considered as engaged in museum services in social sciences.
• Special services and studies – systematic investigations carried out in order to provide information needed for planning or policy formulation. Demonstration projects are also included.
• The work is usually carried out by specialized units in some government departments, by consultants, by royal commissions, and by task forces. The activity is similar to R&D since it may require innovative analyses and a high degree of scientific ability. However, such studies are not intended to acquire new knowledge but to provide specific answers to specific problems (generally immediate, localized and perhaps temporary). The day-to-day operations of units concerned with departmental planning, organization or management are not normally included (i.e. administrative records kept by departments of education) but special projects may be relevant.
• Sub categories under Special services and studies include:
• Economic and feasibility studies – the investigation of the socio-economic characteristics and implications of specific situations (e.g. a study of the variability of a petrochemical complex in a certain region). Note that feasibility studies on research projects are part of R&D.
• Operations and policy-related studies – covers a range of activities, such as the analysis and assessment of the existing programs, policies and operations of government departments and other institutions; the work of units concerned with the continuing analysis and monitoring of external phenomena (e.g. defence and security analysis); and the work of legislative commissions of inquiry concerned with general government or departmental policy or operations.
• Any activity aimed at providing close support to policy actions, as well as to legislative activity, should be included as a related scientific activity (RSA). This includes policy advice and relations with the media, legal advice, public relations or even technical support for the administrative activity (e.g. accounting).
• Research activities aimed at providing the decision makers with a thorough knowledge of social, economic or natural phenomena have to be included in R&D. These R&D activities are usually performed by skilled personnel - researchers - in small teams of experts and consultants and meet the standard academic criteria for scientific work (in addition to the R&D criteria).
• Education support – grants to individuals or institutions on behalf of individuals which are intended to support the post-secondary education of students in technology and the social sciences. General purpose grants to educational institutions are excluded. The activity includes the support of foreign students in their studies of the social sciences at Canadian or foreign institutions. Grants intended primarily to support the research of individuals at universities are either R&D grants or research fellowships.
• Education support – grants to individuals or institutions on behalf of individuals which are intended to support the post-secondary education of students in technology and the natural sciences. General operating or capital grants are excluded. The activity includes the support of foreign students in their studies of the natural sciences at Canadian or foreign institutions. Grants intended primarily to support the research of individuals at universities are either R&D grants or research fellowships.
• Awards intended primarily to support the education of the recipients should be reported as "education support".
• Item 7. In-house RSA – RSA performed by personnel of the reporting program. It may include RSA carried out on behalf of another program or federal government department.
• In-house RSA activities include all current expenditures incurred for scientific activities carried out by in-house personnel of units assigned to the program; the purchase of goods and services to support in-house scientific activities (include royalties or licences for the use of patents and other intellectual property rights, and the rental of buildings to support scientific activities performed by the statistical unit in the reference year). Also include expenses of persons who provide ancillary services such as security, cleaning and maintenance work, finance and administration that are proportional to the RSA being conducted. However, the personnel providing these services are not to be included in the in-house personnel counts (see Section 2. Personnel).
• The intramural expenditures reported to RSA are those direct costs, including salaries, associated with scientific programs. The cost should include that portion of a program's contribution to employee benefit plans (e.g., superannuation and compensation) which is applicable to the scientific personnel within the program. Also include the costs of self-employed individuals, consultants and researchers who are working on-site on the departments' RSA projects.
• Item 8. RSA contracts – contracts to an outside institution or individual to fund RSA performed by the institution or individual. The criterion is: would the performer report the RSA contract as in-house (intramural) RSA that is government-funded? If the answer is yes the activity would be an RSA contract. If no, and the funding is for the purchase goods and services to support the in-house RSA of the federal government department, it should be reported as In-house RSA (Item 7).
• Contracts to other federal government departments should be reported as a transfer of funds in question 3A (i) and 3A (ii) of the questionnaire.
• Item 9. RSA grants and contributions – awards to organizations or individuals for the conduct of RSA and intended to benefit the recipients rather than provide the program with goods, services or information. These funds are normally identical to that portion of the budgetary "grants and contributions" line object of expenditure which is devoted to RSA.

Item 10. Administration of extramural programs – the costs of identifiable units engaged in the administration of contracts and grants and contributions for scientific activities that are to be performed outside the federal government. These expenditures should be broken down by the type of scientific activity supported, i.e. R&D or RSA.

Item 11. Capital expenditures – the annual gross amount paid for the acquisition of fixed assets that are used repeatedly or continuously in the performance of scientific activities for more than one year. They should be reported in full for the period when they took place, whether acquired or developed in house, and should not be registered as an element of depreciation.

The most relevant types of assets used for capital expenditures are:

• Land and buildings
• Machinery and equipment
• Capitalized computer software
• Other intellectual property products

2. Personnel

Personnel data are collected for intramural scientific activities only. A head count of personnel working on intramural scientific activities is not requested, rather the amount of time a worker dedicates to scientific and technological activities during a specific reference period as a percentage of the total number of hours conventionally worked in the same period. This is noted as full-time equivalent research and development personnel or full-time equivalent related scientific activity personnel. For example, an employee who is engaged in scientific activities for half a year has a full-time equivalence of 0.5. Personnel data reported should be consistent with expenditure data.

Most intramural scientific activities are performed primarily by persons employed by the department or agency. Extramural personnel contributing directly to the intramural scientific activities of the department or agency that are located on site should also be included in the personnel counts.

Not all of the personnel contributing to or facilitating the performance of scientific activities are to be included in the personnel totals. Individuals undertaking indirect support or ancillary activities are excluded. For example specific services to R&D or RSA provided by central computer department and libraries; services by central finance and human resources departments dealing with R&D or RSA projects; provision of services for security, cleaning, maintenance, canteens, etc. to R&D or RSA performing units. These services are not included in the intramural scientific activities personnel totals, however their related costs should be included with in-house expenditures.

Scientific and professional – researchers and professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge. They conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models, techniques instrumentation, software or operational methods. They require at least one academic degree or nationally recognized professional qualification, as well as those with equivalent experience.

Technical – technicians and equivalent staff are persons whose main tasks require technical knowledge and experience in one or more fields of engineering, the physical and life sciences, or the social sciences, humanities and the arts. They perform scientific and technical tasks involving the application of concepts and operational methods and the use of research equipment, normally under the supervision of researchers.

Other – other supporting staff include skilled and unskilled craftsmen, and administrative, secretarial and clerical staff participating in science and technology projects or directly associated with such projects.

3.  Source of funds

3A (i). Transfers for natural sciences and engineering activities

Include payments or recipients for contracts, transfers and joint programs from/to other federal government departments. Please identify the amount and names of the origination and recipient programs.

3A (ii). Sources of funds for total scientific and technological activities

This question identifies the sources of funds for expenditures on scientific activities reported for all three years. It will help to ensure that work funded from outside the department is not overlooked.

Departmental S&T budget – that portion of the total departmental budget which was spent on natural science and engineering activities.

Revenues to / from other federal departments – money transferred from this program to another federal department or money transferred into this program from another federal department for activities in the natural sciences and engineering.

Provincial government departments – all funds from the provincial government used for natural science and engineering activities. The funds are referred to as payments, contributions, transfers, etc. Also include provincial portions of federal-provincial cost sharing programs performed by the department program.

Business enterprises – all funds from business enterprises used for natural science and engineering activities performed by the department.

Other – all funds for natural sciences and engineering activities from other sources not specified above.

4. Scientific and technological expenditures by socio-economic objectives

Socio-economic objectives allow departments to classify their S&T resource allocations according to the purpose for which the expenditure is intended. The objectives are listed in the questionnaire at the highest level of aggregation with sub-levels given here for clarification of categories. In many cases, projects have multiple objectives and a department should assign its expenditures consistent with the stated objectives of the department. Care must be taken to avoid "double counting".

The objectives are based on the European Union classification adopted by Eurostat for the Nomenclature for the Analysis and Comparison of Scientific Programmes and Budgets (NABS) at the one-dig level. Note that as of the 2019/2020 survey cycle, some of the socio-economic objectives have been updated to comply with the most recent version of NABS.

1. Exploration and exploitation of the Earth
   Exploration and exploitation of the Earth - covers scientific activities with objectives related to the exploration of the earth's crust and mantle, seas, oceans and atmosphere, as well as for scientific activities on their exploitation. It also includes climatic and meteorological research, polar exploration and hydrology. It does not include scientific activities related to soil improvement (objective 4), land use or fishing (objective 8), or pollution (objective 2).
2. Environment
   Environment - covers scientific activities aimed at improving the control of pollution, including the identification and analysis of the sources of pollution and their causes, and all pollutants, including their dispersal in the environment and the effects on humans, species (fauna, flora, micro-organisms) and the biosphere.
   The development of monitoring facilities for the measurement of elimination and prevention of all forms of pollution in all types of environment.
3. Exploration and exploitation of space
   Exploration and exploitation of space - covers all civil space scientific activities relating to the scientific exploration of space, space laboratories, space travel and launch systems. Although civil space scientific activities is not in general concerned with particular objectives, it frequently has a specific goal, such as the advancement of knowledge (e.g. astronomy) or relates to particular applications (e.g. telecommunications satellites or earth observation). This chapter does not include corresponding scientific activities for defence purposes.
4. Transport, telecommunication and other infrastructures
   Transport, telecommunication and other infrastructures - covers scientific activities aimed at infrastructure and land development, including the construction of buildings. More generally, this objective covers all scientific activities relating to the general planning of land use. This includes scientific activities into protection against harmful effects in town and country planning but not research into other types of pollution (objective 2). This objective also includes scientific activities related to transport systems; telecommunication systems; general planning of land use; the construction and planning of buildings; civil engineering; and water supply.
5. Energy
   Energy - covers scientific activities aimed at improving the production, storage, transportation, distribution and rational use of all forms of energy. It also includes scientific activities on processes designed to increase the efficiency of energy production and distribution, and the study of energy conservation. It does not include scientific activities related to prospecting (objective 1) or scientific activities into vehicle and engine propulsion (objective 6).
6. Industrial production and technology
   Industrial production and technology - covers scientific activities aimed at the improvement of industrial production and technology, including scientific activities on industrial products and their manufacturing processes, except where they form an integral part of the pursuit of other objectives (e.g. defence, space, energy, agriculture).
7. Health
   Health - covers scientific activities aimed at protecting, promoting and restoring human health broadly interpreted to include health aspects of nutrition and food hygiene. It ranges from preventive medicine, including all aspects of medical and surgical treatment, both for individuals and groups, and the provision of hospital and home care, to social medicine and paediatric and geriatric research.
8. Agriculture (include forestry and fisheries)
   Agriculture - covers all scientific activities aimed at the promotion of agriculture, forestry, fisheries and foodstuff production, or furthering knowledge on chemical fertilisers, biocides, biological pest control and the mechanisation of agriculture, as well as concerning the impact of agricultural and forestry activities on the environment. This also covers scientific activities aimed at improving food productivity and technology. It does not include scientific activities on the reduction of pollution (objective 2); on of buildings; on the improvement of rural rest and recreation amenities and agricultural water supply (objective 4); on energy measures (objective 5); or on the food industry (objective 6).
9. Education
   Education - includes scientific activities aimed at supporting general or special education, including training, pedagogy, didactics, and targeted methods for specially gifted persons or those with learning disabilities. This objective applies to all levels of education, from pre- and primary school through to tertiary education, as well as to subsidiary services to education.
10. Culture, recreation, religion and mass media
    Culture, recreation, religion and mass media - includes scientific activities aimed at improving the understanding of social phenomena related to cultural activities, religion and leisure activities so as to define their impact on life in society, as well as to racial and cultural integration and on socio-cultural changes in these areas. The concept of "culture" covers the sociology of science, religion, art, sport and leisure, and also comprises inter alia scientific activities on the media, the mastery of language and social integration, libraries, archives and external cultural policy.
    This objective also includes scientific activities related to: recreational and sporting services; cultural services; broadcasting and publishing services; and religious and other community services.
11. Political and social systems, structures and processes
    Political and social systems, structures and processes - includes scientific activities aimed at improving the understanding of and supporting the political structure of society; public administration issues and economic policy; regional studies and multi-level governance; social change, social processes and social conflicts; the development of social security and social assistance systems; and the social aspects of the organisation of work. This objective also includes scientific activities related to gender-related social studies, including discrimination and familiar problems; the development of methods of combating poverty at local, national and international level; the protection of specific population categories on the social level (immigrants, delinquents, "drop outs", etc.), on the sociological level, i.e. with regard to their way of life (young people, adults, retired people, disabled people, etc.) and on the economic level (consumers, farmers, fishermen, miners, the unemployed, etc.); and methods of providing social assistance when sudden changes (natural, technological or social) occur in society.
    This objective does not include scientific activities related to industrial health, the health control of communities from the organisational and socio-medical point of view, pollution at the place of work, the prevention of industrial accidents and the medical aspects of the causes of industrial accidents (objective 7).
12. Defence
    Defence - covers scientific activities for military purposes. It may also include basic research and nuclear and space research when financed by ministries of defence. Civil research financed by ministries of defence, for example in the fields of meteorology, telecommunications and health, should be classified in the relevant objectives.

5. Expenditures and personnel of scientific and technological establishment engaged in activities in the social sciences, humanities and the arts, by region

Since 1978, Statistics Canada has been collecting detailed expenditure and person year data on intramural scientific activities of federal government departments and agencies by region. These data, coupled with data from other surveys, have been used by policy planners in federal and provincial governments, research managers and the media to assess the provincial distribution of science activities in Canada.

Again this year, we are asking for the information at the regional level. We are also asking for information in both natural science and engineering establishments as well as those performing activities in the social sciences, humanities and the arts, as international gross domestic expenditures on research and development (GERD) statistics include activities in both science fields.

The Canada total expenditures and personnel reported for the actual year must be consistent with data reported on intramural expenditures in question 1A, and total personnel in question 2A.

Status

The 2004 Annual Survey of Manufactures List of Goods has been replaced by the North American Product Classification System (NAPCS) Canada 2012 as of October 15, 2012. The implementation of NAPCS Canada 2012 will be phased by the various surveys and statistical programs.

The Annual Survey of Manufactures List of Goods (ASM List of Goods) is a new system for classifying goods manufactured in Canada. It was used for the first time on the 2004 Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) to classify both goods purchased and goods produced by Canadian manufacturers. Work has been initiated to integrate the ASM List of Goods into the North American Product Classification System (NAPCS) which will be the standard for classifying both goods and services. The ASM List of Goods classifies products according to their industry of origin, that is, where in the economy they are primarily produced, based on the North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS).

Much of the ASM List of Goods consists of an explicit enumeration of specific products. Goods that are not explicitly identified in the list are ruled to a product class that relates to the industry in which such a good would primarily be produced. For example, Molasses is not referred to in the classification, but because it is a product of Sugar Manufacturing it is ruled to 3113100, Refined sugar and sugar mill by-products. In principle, each good has only one valid place in the List, based on the primary producing industry (with additional rulings as necessary), so that the classes are mutually exclusive. Also, any good produced through a manufacturing process, and any good that is an input into manufacturing, has a place in this classification.

The ASM List of Goods replaces the Standard Classification of Goods (SCG), which was last used to classify goods on the 2003 ASM. Implementation of the ASM List of Goods serves two ends. First, the design of the ASM List of Goods will dramatically increase compatibility between Canadian and American data for manufacturing production. Canada and the United States use the common framework of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) to classify industrial activity. Since both countries identify products linked to these industries, identification of goods rests on the same industrial base. Second, the burden on respondents has been reduced by reducing the number of goods classes on the ASM. The SCG identified over 7000 classes for the ASM compared to 1400 classes in the ASM List of Goods.

The ASM List of Goods was developed for Canadian requirements, building upon the work of the United States Census Bureau for their Numerical List of Manufactured and Mineral Products, most recently revised in 2002. Both of these lists classify products according to their industry of primary production. By contrast, the SCG used in the Annual Survey of Manufactures for reference years 1988 to 2003, was based on the Harmonized System (HS) used for classification for international trade and tariff purposes. The HS relies first on physical characteristics of goods, such as component material, while stage of fabrication and producing industry only appear at further degrees of detail, if at all. Statistics collected according to the ASM 2004 therefore are not as a rule comparable to those collected according to the SCG. Also, as is already the case in the United States, from 2004 onwards production data for Canada will also not be comparable in detail with trade data, which will continue to be compiled on an HS basis.

Structure

The codes of the ASM List of Goods begin with a six digits NAICS code. Like the codes developed by the United States Census Bureau for the Numerical List of Manufactured and Mineral Products, the code represents the American industry which primarily produces the class of goods. Most of the codes used here are the same as those used in the Numerical List, and those that were developed for Canadian statistical requirements were still given a code rooted in the American industry. In a very few cases, one or more digits of the industry code were "zeroed out", to reflect that the same good may be produced in more than one U.S. industry, usually where the U.S. industries are not reflected in Canadian detail. For example, 3113100, Refined sugar and sugar mill by-products, takes in products of all three U.S. industries which produce sugar.

The ASM List of Goods is presented here as a list of codes in numerical order. While the NAICS subsectors (3-digit headings) are followed fairly closely, the list is not hierarchical at further levels of detail. For example, flour mixes are produced in flour mills of NAICS 311211 and in flour mixes and dough manufacturing of 311822, but the List of Products includes only one entry, 311822A which is used in both producing industries. It is therefore impossible to aggregate according to the NAICS industry structure. (See Products Differentiated only by Process of Manufacture, below, for further discussion).

Also, in the ASM List of Goods the order of classes is not in itself significant. For example, in the SCG the residual classes were always found at the end of a list at each level whether 4, 6, or 8-digit; similarly in the NAICS structure. In the ASM List of Goods residual classes can be found anywhere among the classes which are always 7 characters long, six digits and an alphanumeric character.

Differences from the Numerical List of Manufactured and Mineral Products

The ASM List of Goods is similar to the Numerical List of Manufactured and Mineral Products of the United States Census Bureau. The coding structures are nearly identical, rooted in the North American Industrial Classification System, except that the ASM only goes to a seventh digit broken from the six digit American industry code, while the Numerical List continues to eight- and ten-digit levels. The majority of seven-digit classes of Canadian and American lists are identical in content, but the two lists are not interchangeable. Conceptually, the differences between the ASM List of Goods and the Numerical List concern the treatment of goods differentiated by process, intermediate inputs from manufacturing and mining industries, raw material inputs from renewable resource industries, and manufacturing services.

Products distinguished only by process of manufacture - the ASM List of Goods and the Numerical List are based on the industry of origin, and the NAICS detail introduces goods that are differentiated only by the process producing them, and not by any characteristic that can be materially identified or that affects how the product is consumed. For example, Steel Wire Mesh is a primary product both of Steel Mills (NAICS 331110) and Other Fabricated Wire Product Manufacturing (NAICS 332619). The Numerical List generally creates distinct classes for these products in each of the producing industries, while the ASM List of Goods generally creates a single class for the good, placed in the list according to either the industry most significant for Canadian production of the good, or the industry specializing in the last stage of its production.

Inputs from manufacturing and mining industries - the ASM List of Goods uses a different approach to the intermediate inputs into manufacturing industries from that taken by the Numerical List. The latter collects these inputs using classes that can differ in content from the output classes of the Numerical List, and which are specific to the inputs of particular industries. (These aggregations are partly required because Numerical List makes distinctions between goods according to production processes, which manufacturers may not be able to report for their input commodities.) The Canadian adjustments made for the ASM List of Goods include a standardization of the classes for intermediate inputs. Thus the same classes are used for inputs across industries, and the same classes are also used for inputs as for outputs.

Agricultural, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting inputs - the Numerical List does not have standard classes for these inputs into manufacturing industries, since they are collected using codes that vary depending on the consuming industry. By contrast, for the ASM List of Goods, these products have been standardized and grouped where possible according to the primary producing industry or industry group. These goods are included although their production is not usually collected in the ASM, but only their use as raw material inputs. (These products are typically produced in NAICS subsectors 111 Crop Production, 112 Animal Production, 113 Forestry and Logging, and 114 Fishing, Hunting, and Trapping.)

Treatment of manufacturing services - the ASM List of Goods includes only goods, and excludes manufacturing services, even though some services are included by the United States Census Bureau in the Numerical List. For example, there is no Canadian equivalent to American class 3152111, Contract Receipts for Men's and Boys' tailored suits, coats, jackets, and vests. In Canada, such receipts would not be included in the product list but elsewhere on the Annual Survey of Manufactures' questionnaire.

In addition to these conceptual differences, there are additional differences between the two lists brought about by the different needs of statistical agencies in Canada and the United States. In certain areas, such as lumber, additional detail is required in Canada because of the volume of the goods produced and their importance to governments and the private sector. In these areas Canadian detail has been added. In other areas, such as broadwoven fabrics, detail has been eliminated because the product is not significant in Canada.

Are you able to enjoy life? Do you want to try new things or take risks? Do you feel equipped to go through tough times? If you answered yes to these questions, you’re doing quite well. If you answered no, here are some things you can do right now to recharge and take care of your mental health.

Clean up your thoughts

Are you the type to tell yourself that you’re no good, not good enough or that you don’t deserve to be loved? To stop this onslaught of negative thoughts, quit comparing yourself to others and taking their judgments about you to heart. Instead, make a list of your qualities and develop them. Praise yourself for your efforts, your strengths and your successes, and do the same with those around you. A pat on the back from time to time sure feels good.

Adopt a healthy lifestyle

Do you lack energy? Why not start by eating better? Go with the 80/20 rule: 80% fruit and vegetables for 20% protein. To add some pep to your plate, think about herbs and spices!

Exercise also helps you maintain good physical and mental health. Only 1 in 5 people 18 to 34 years of age get the recommended 150 minutes of physical activity each week.¹  Be active—your body and mind will thank you for it!

When you’re with others, put down your device

Are you tired of talking to people who text and don’t listen to you? Then it’s time to set an example for others. Don’t check your phone or tablet around others unless you have to organize something. If necessary, excuse yourself for a few minutes and then give your friends your full attention.

If you’re getting together for a party, enjoy it. Don’t be afraid to talk about everything and nothing or to suggest some games. Who knows where your friendships and laughter will lead you!

Give your time

Do you question the injustices in this world? What small thing could you do to help change things? Like 69% of young people 15 to 24 years of age, become a member of a group, organization or association.² Get involved in a cause or find something to do for your neighbourhood, your friends, your entourage or even a stranger. Taking action to improve the world does the greatest good, because you’re part of the solution! And if you join forces with others, you can work miracles!

Get some rest

Are you tired? Modern life often cuts into precious minutes of sleep. Blue light from the screens you look at prevents the production of melatonin, which tells you when it’s time for bed. Some devices offer blue light filtering settings. The best thing to do, however, is to avoid using a screen an hour before bedtime.

Take up the challenge and you’ll see a difference!

Also read: Youth mental health: Understand yourself to be more successful

If you're a millennial, you've been immersed in information technology since your early childhood; your reality is very different from what your parents experienced at the same age. You spend a lot of time on mobile devices, the Internet and social media, and you may be wondering about their impact on your health and the place they should occupy in your life.

Adapting to a changing world

The increased use of technology poses new challenges. Addiction to video games or social media is a growing problem, as is bullying, which now takes many forms. In the past five years, 15% of young people 15 to 34 years of age say they have experienced cyberbullying or cyberstalking.¹

At the same time, young people must adapt to many situations, such as the divorce of their parents, lone-parent families or stepfamilies, and moving away for school. Given today's very competitive environment, they may put pressure on themselves regarding their studies or their parents' or employer's expectations. When you add in financial troubles, climate change, political conflicts and the desire to project the ‘perfect image,' it's not surprising that some young people have trouble adapting.

When problems arise

In this context, serious mental health problems can arise, ranging from mood disorders to substance use problems, depression and suicidal thoughts. About 50% of youth who have had a mood disorder have also had suicidal thoughts in their lifetime.² This means that if nothing is done, problems can keep coming.

The importance of asking for help

Despite some openness to mental health issues, talking about them is still hard. For example, less than half of young people with depression or suicidal thoughts sought professional help.³

If you identify with this or recognize people close to you in this situation, there are many people available to listen and help you see more clearly. Don't keep your problems to yourself! Talk to people you can trust, health professionals or suicide prevention organizations. Accept the help available and take the time to restore your health!

Also read: Youth mental health: Tips for maintaining balance