Getting Started

Why do we conduct this survey?

The Farm Management Survey is conducted in collaboration with Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, to ensure that agriculture programs reflect the changing way resources are being managed on today's farms. The data collected contribute to the establishment of baselines and development of updates for an expanded set of agri-environmental indicators.

These indicators are needed to:

• determine the present status of farm environmental management across Canada
• identify areas that are most in need of programs to promote environmental management practices
• generate the information to design effective and well targeted policy and program responses.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Although voluntary, your participation is important so that the information collected is as accurate and complete as possible.

Other important information

Authorization to collect this information

Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

Confidentiality

By law, Statistics Canada is prohibited from releasing any information it collects that could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent, or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes only.

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the reporting burden, Statistics Canada may combine the acquired data with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Data-sharing agreements

To reduce respondent burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data-sharing agreements with provincial and territorial statistical agencies and other government organizations, which have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes. Statistics Canada will only share data from this survey with those organizations that have demonstrated a requirement to use the data.

Section 11 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with provincial and territorial statistical agencies that meet certain conditions. These agencies must have the legislative authority to collect the same information, on a mandatory basis, and the legislation must provide substantially the same provisions for confidentiality and penalties for disclosure of confidential information as the Statistics Act. Because these agencies have the legal authority to compel businesses to provide the same information, consent is not requested and businesses may not object to the sharing of the data.

For this survey, there are Section 11 agreements with the provincial statistical agencies of Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia. The shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province.

For this survey, there are Section 12 agreements with the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, l'Institut de la Statistiques du Québec, Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.

Section 12 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with federal, provincial or territorial government organizations.

Under Section 12, you may refuse to share your information with any of these organizations by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician, specifying the organizations with which you do not want Statistics Canada to share your data and mailing it to the following address:

Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of Kevin Roberts, Director, Environment, Energy and Transportation Statistics Division
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0T6

You may also contact us by email at statcan.environ-environ.statcan@statcan.gc.ca or by fax at (613) 951-0634.

Important features

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Definitions and explanations

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Survey Purpose

The survey will collect information about the management practices used on Canadian farms.

Survey results will help Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada measure the use of these practices in the agriculture industry, and will support their development of effective agricultural programs.

The information you provide may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Unit of measure

Q1. What unit of measure will be used to report land areas?

• Acres
• Hectares

Crop inventory

Q2. In 2017, how many [unit of measure] of the following crop types were grown on this operation?

Include all land used by this operation, i.e., owned, rented, leased or crop-shared.

Exclude any land rented or crop-shared to others.

Note: Count any land areas that were used for multiple purposes only once.

Report 0 if no crops were grown in 2017.

1. Forage crops grown for hay, silage or seed
   Include grass, clover, alfalfa mixtures, tame hay etc.
2. Field crops used for grain, seed, or feed
   Include cereals, oilseeds, corn, pulses and other field crops.
3. Vegetables, fruit, berries or nuts grown for sale
   Include potatoes and sugar beets.
4. All other crop types
   Specify all other crop types

Q3. In 2017, did this operation use any other land for pasture?

Include any tame, seeded or natural land, or woodland used for pasture.

• Yes
  • How many [unit of measure]?
• No

Animal inventory

Q1. Are there any livestock or poultry currently on this operation?

• Yes
• No

Q2. How many of the following are currently on this operation?

Include:

• all animals on this operation, regardless of ownership, including those that are boarded, custom fed, or fed under contract
• all animals kept by this operation regardless of ownership that were pastured on a community pasture, grazing coop, or public land for part of the year.

Exclude animals owned by this operation but kept on a farm, ranch or feedlot operated by someone else.

1. Dairy cattle
   Include all types and ages for breeding or milk production.
2. Beef cattle
   Include all types and ages for breeding or meat production.
3. Pigs
   Include all types and ages for breeding or meat production.
4. Poultry
   Include all types and ages for breeding, meat, or egg production.
5. All other animals
   Specify all other animals

Field crop identification

Q1. In 2017, considering all field crops grown on this operation, identify the largest crop by seeded area.

Include summer fallow or fallow.

Exclude potatoes, sugar beets, all vegetables and fruit, grass, alfalfa and other perennial forages.

• Barley
• Buckwheat
• Canary seed
• Canola (rapeseed)
• Chick peas
  Include garbanzo beans
• Corn
  Exclude sweet corn
  • Corn for grain
  • Corn for silage
• Dry field peas
  Exclude fresh green peas.
• Dry white beans (navy and pea beans)
• Flaxseed
• Lentils
• Mustard seed
• Oats
• Rye
  • Fall rye (seeded in late summer or fall 2017)
  • Spring rye
• Soybeans
• Sunflowers (standard and dwarf varieties)
• Triticale
• Wheat
  • Spring wheat
  • Durum wheat
  • Winter wheat (seeded in late summer or fall 2017)
• Other dry beans
  e.g., pinto, kidney, cranberry beans, lima, great northern
• Other field crop
  e.g., ginseng, caraway seed, hemp, tobacco, spelt, coriander and other spices
  Specify other field crop

Q2. In 2017, what was the seeded area for this crop?

1. Barley
2. Buckwheat
3. Canary seed
4. Canola (rapeseed)
5. Chick peas
   Include garbanzo beans
6. Corn for grain
7. Corn for silage
8. Dry field peas
   Exclude fresh green peas.
9. Dry white beans (navy and pea beans)
10. Flaxseed
11. Lentils
12. Mustard seed
13. Oats
14. Fall rye (seeded in late summer or fall 2017)
15. Spring rye
16. Soybeans
17. Sunflowers (standard and dwarf varieties)
18. Triticale
19. Spring wheat
20. Durum wheat
21. Winter wheat (seeded in late summer or fall 2017)
22. Other dry beans
    e.g., pinto, kidney, cranberry beans, lima, great northern
23. [Other field crop]

Q3. In addition to [selected crop], were any other field crops grown on this operation in 2017?

Include summer fallow or fallow.

Exclude potatoes, sugar beets, all vegetables and fruit, grass, alfalfa and other perennial forages.

• Yes
• No

Q4. In addition to [selected crop], what other field crops were grown on this operation in 2017?

Include summer fallow or fallow.

Exclude potatoes, sugar beets, all vegetables and fruit, sweet corn, grass, alfalfa and other perennial forages.

Select all that apply.

• Barley
• Buckwheat
• Canary seed
• Canola (rapeseed)
• Chick peas
  Include garbanzo beans
• Corn
  Exclude sweet corn
  • Corn for grain
  • Corn for silage
• Dry field peas
  Exclude fresh green peas.
• Dry white beans (navy and pea beans)
• Flaxseed
• Lentils
• Mustard seed
• Oats
• Rye
  • Fall rye (seeded in late summer or fall 2017)
  • Spring rye
• Soybeans
• Sunflowers (standard and dwarf varieties)
• Triticale
• Wheat
  • Spring wheat
  • Durum wheat
  • Winter wheat (seeded in late summer or fall 2017)
• Other dry beans
  e.g., pinto, kidney, cranberry beans, lima, great northern
• Other field crop
  e.g., ginseng, caraway seed, hemp, tobacco, spelt, coriander and other spices
  Specify other field crop

Q5. In 2017, what was the seeded area for each of these crops?

1. Barley
2. Buckwheat
3. Canary seed
4. Canola (rapeseed)
5. Chick peas
   Include garbanzo beans
6. Corn for grain
7. Corn for silage
8. Dry field peas
   Exclude fresh green peas.
9. Dry white beans (navy and pea beans)
10. Flaxseed
11. Lentils
12. Mustard seed
13. Oats
14. Fall rye (seeded in late summer or fall 2017)
15. Spring rye
16. Soybeans
17. Sunflowers (standard and dwarf varieties)
18. Triticale
19. Spring wheat
20. Durum wheat
21. Winter wheat (seeded in late summer or fall 2017)
22. Other dry beans
    e.g., pinto, kidney, cranberry beans, lima, great northern
23. [Other field crop]

Q6. Later in the questionnaire, you will be asked about management practices related to pest management in 2017.

You will only be asked to answer these questions for [selected crop] and one other crop.

Please select one crop for which you will answer these questions.

• Barley
• Buckwheat
• Canary seed
• Canola (rapeseed)
• Chick peas
  Include garbanzo beans
• Corn
  Exclude sweet corn
  • Corn for grain
  • Corn for silage
• Dry field peas
  Exclude fresh green peas.
• Dry white beans (navy and pea beans)
• Flaxseed
• Lentils
• Mustard seed
• Oats
• Rye
  • Fall rye (seeded in late summer or fall 2017)
  • Spring rye
• Soybeans
• Sunflowers (standard and dwarf varieties)
• Triticale
• Wheat
  • Spring wheat
  • Durum wheat
  • Winter wheat (seeded in late summer or fall 2017)
• Other dry beans
  e.g., pinto, kidney, cranberry beans, lima, great northern

General crop management

Q1. In 2017, were field crops on this operation irrigated?

• Yes, all crops
• Yes, some crops
• No

Q2. For [selected crop], please indicate the area of land that was managed using each of the following tillage systems.

1. Conventional tillage
2. Conservation or reduced tillage
3. No till or zero till

Q3. For [selected crop] grown between October 2016 and September 2017, what percentage of the crop area was used for

1. grain production
2. seed production
3. forage production
   e.g., removal of hay, silage, greenfeed
4. grazing active growth in spring to early fall
5. grazing crop residues and volunteer growth after grain or seed harvest
6. grazing dormant growth in late fall or winter
   e.g., swathgrazing, standing corn, stockpile annual forages
7. not used due to complete crop failure

Q4. What percentage of the total grain harvested in 2017 from [selected crop] was or will be

1. used on operation
2. sold from operation

Q5. What percent of the total seed harvested in 2017 from [selected crop] was or will be

1. used on operation
2. sold from operation

Q6. What percent of the total hay, silage, or greenfeed harvested in 2017 from [selected crop] was or will be

1. used on operation
2. sold from operation

Q7. In 2017, how was crop residue managed for [selected crop] used for grain or seed production?

Select all that apply.

1. Chopped and spread by combine
2. Spread and not chopped
3. Baled straw
4. Burned stubble, straw or chaff
5. Collected chaff
6. Additional spreading with harrows
7. Left on ground with no additional management
8. Fall tillage to incorporate residues into soil
9. Other
   Specify other method

Q8. For [selected crop] grown in 2017, what was the most common crop type grown on the same land in 2016?

• Crop type in 2016

The next questions are about crop rotation practices used on this operation.

Q9. Which of the following statements best describes how crops are grown on this operation?

• No rotation. The same crop is grown on the same land every year
• Crops are rotated, but the sequence of crops is not always the same
• Crops are rotated using the same sequence of crops
• Other
  Specify other crop rotation practices

Q10. Please list the sequence of field crops for a rotation. If there is more than one rotation used on this operation, provide the sequence of the three most common rotations.

Exclude perennial forages and horticulture crops.

Example:

• Rotation 1: wheat, canola, peas
• Rotation 2: soybeans, corn, winter wheat

1. Rotation 1
2. Rotation 2
3. Rotation 3

Q11. Between October 2016 and September 2017, what area of corn, soybean or canola crop was seeded using genetically modified (GMO) seed varieties?

• [unit of measure] seeded using GMO
  OR
• No genetically modified seed varieties used

Q12. What specific traits were contained in the genetically modified (GMO) seed varieties used?

Select all that apply.

1. Single herbicide tolerance
2. Stacked herbicide tolerance
3. Insect resistance
4. Disease resistance
5. Improved product quality
   Specify improved product quality
6. Other
   Specify other traits

Forage crop identification

Q1. In 2017, of the [number] [unit of measure] used for hay, silage or seed production, how many [unit of measure] were in the following types of established forage crops?

Exclude land that is used only for pasture or field crops,
e.g., corn, barley, oats.

1. Mostly grass (with less than 25% of legumes)
   Include brome grasses, wheatgrasses, ryegrasses, fescues, orchard grass and timothy
2. Mostly legumes (with less than 25% of grasses)
   Include alfalfa, clover, sainfoin, trefoil and vetches.
3. Mixture of grass and legumes (approximately 50% of each)

Crop identification (vegetable, fruit, berry or nut crops)

Q1. In 2017, what was the largest vegetable, fruit, berry or nut crop grown on this operation, based on the planted or seeded area?

Include:

• established and recently planted crops
• potatoes and sugar beets as vegetables.

• Largest crop by planted or seeded area
• Specify other vegetable
• Specify other fruit, berry or nut

Q2. In 2017, what was the seeded or planted area for this crop?

• Vegetables
  1. Asparagus
  2. Beets
  3. Broccoli
  4. Brussel sprouts
  5. Cabbage
  6. Carrots
     Include baby carrots.
  7. Cauliflower
  8. Celery
  9. Chinese cabbage
  10. Cucumbers (all varieties)
  11. Dry onions, yellow, Spanish, cooking etc.
  12. Green and wax beans
  13. Green peas
      Exclude dry field peas.
  14. Lettuce (all head and leaf varieties)
  15. Peppers
  16. Potatoes
  17. Pumpkins
  18. Radishes
  19. Rutabagas and turnips
  20. Shallots and green onions
  21. Spinach
  22. Squash and zucchini
  23. Sugar beets
  24. Sweet corn
  25. Tomatoes
  26. [Other vegetable]
• Fruits, berries, nuts
  27. Apricots
  28. Apples
  29. Blueberries
      Include highbush blueberries and wild blueberries grown on managed land.
  30. Cherries (sour)
  31. Cherries (sweet)
  32. Cranberries
  33. Grapes
  34. Peaches
  35. Pears
  36. Plums and prunes
  37. Raspberries
  38. Saskatoons
  39. Strawberries
  40. [Other fruit, berries, or nuts]

Q3. In addition to [selected crop], were any other vegetable, fruit, berry or nut crops grown on this operation in 2017?

Include:

• established and recently planted crops
• potatoes and sugar beets as vegetables.

• Yes
• No

Q4. In addition to [selected crop], what other vegetable, fruit, berry or nut crops were grown on this operation in 2017?

Include:

• established and recently planted crops
• potatoes and sugar beets as vegetables.

Select all that apply.

• Vegetables
  1. Asparagus
  2. Beets
  3. Broccoli
  4. Brussel sprouts
  5. Cabbage
  6. Carrots
     Include baby carrots.
  7. Cauliflower
  8. Celery
  9. Chinese cabbage
  10. Cucumbers (all varieties)
  11. Dry onions, yellow, Spanish, cooking etc.
  12. Green and wax beans
  13. Green peas
      Exclude dry field peas.
  14. Lettuce (all head and leaf varieties)
  15. Peppers
  16. Potatoes
  17. Pumpkins
  18. Radishes
  19. Rutabagas and turnips
  20. Shallots and green onions
  21. Spinach
  22. Squash and zucchini
  23. Sugar beets
  24. Sweet corn
  25. Tomatoes
  26. [Other vegetable]
      e.g., herbs, melons, garlic, gourds
• Fruits, berries, nuts
  27. Apricots
  28. Apples
  29. Blueberries
      Include highbush blueberries and wild blueberries grown on managed land.
  30. Cherries (sour)
  31. Cherries (sweet)
  32. Cranberries
  33. Grapes
  34. Peaches
  35. Pears
  36. Plums and prunes
  37. Raspberries
  38. Saskatoons
  39. Strawberries
  40. [Other fruit, berries, or nuts]
      e.g., nectarines, currants, blackberries, rhubarb, hazelnuts

Q5. In 2017, what was the seeded or planted area for each of these crops?

• Vegetables
  1. Asparagus
  2. Beets
  3. Broccoli
  4. Brussel sprouts
  5. Cabbage
  6. Carrots
     Include baby carrots.
  7. Cauliflower
  8. Celery
  9. Chinese cabbage
  10. Cucumbers (all varieties)
  11. Dry onions, yellow, Spanish, cooking etc.
  12. Green and wax beans
  13. Green peas
      Exclude dry field peas.
  14. Lettuce (all head and leaf varieties)
  15. Peppers
  16. Potatoes
  17. Pumpkins
  18. Radishes
  19. Rutabagas and turnips
  20. Shallots and green onions
  21. Spinach
  22. Squash and zucchini
  23. Sugar beets
  24. Sweet corn
  25. Tomatoes
  26. [Other vegetable]
• Fruits, berries, nuts
  27. Apricots
  28. Apples
  29. Blueberries
      Include highbush blueberries and wild blueberries grown on managed land.
  30. Cherries (sour)
  31. Cherries (sweet)
  32. Cranberries
  33. Grapes
  34. Peaches
  35. Pears
  36. Plums and prunes
  37. Raspberries
  38. Saskatoons
  39. Strawberries
  40. [Other fruit, berries, or nuts]

Q6. Later in the questionnaire, you will be asked about management practices related to irrigation and pest management in 2017.

You will only be asked to answer these questions for [selected crop] and one other crop.

Please select one crop for which you will answer these questions.

Other crop type

Crop management (Vegetables)

Q1. Between October 2016 and September 2017, were two or three crops grown at different times on the same land within a field i.e., double or triple cropped?
Double or triple cropping refers to the practice of sequentially growing and harvesting a second or third crop on the same land within a single growing season.

• Yes
• No

Q2. Please list the sequence of double or triple crops for 2017.

Note: If different sequences were used on different land parcels, please list these separately.

Example:

• Sequence 1: lettuce, lettuce, broccoli
• Sequence 2: green peas, tomatoes

1. Sequence 1
2. Sequence 2
3. Sequence 3

Q3. In 2017, what area of land was double or triple cropped?

• Area of land in [unit of measure]

Q4. For [selected] crops grown in 2017, what was the most common crop type grown on the same land in 2016?

• 2016 crop type

Q5. From October 2016 and September 2017, which of the following sources of nutrients were applied to land where [selected] crops were grown?

Select all that apply.

1. Commercial fertilizer (N-P-K)
2. Compost
   Include composted manure.
3. Raw manure
4. Lime
5. Other nutrients
   e.g., sulfur, boron, copper
6. Please indicate which of the following were applied.
7. Select all that apply.
   1. Calcium
   2. Magnesium
   3. Sulphur
   4. Boron
   5. Chlorine
   6. Copper
   7. Iron
   8. Manganese
   9. Molybdenum
   10. Zinc
       OR
   11. Don't know
8. Other
   Specify other nutrient source material applied to soil or crop
   OR
9. None

Q6. Between October 2016 and September 2017, which of the following management practices were used for [selected] crops?

Select all that apply.

1. Reduced till or no till
2. Raised beds or hills
3. Inter-row tillage after crop emergence
4. Fall or winter cover crops planted after harvest
5. Green manure crops planted in spring
6. Low tunnels, hoop or miniature greenhouse type structures in the field
7. High tunnels or greenhouse type structures in the field
8. Other
   Specify other soil or crop management practice
   OR
9. No management practices used

Q7. Between October 2016 and September 2017, which of the following types of mulches or covers were used for [selected] crops?

Select all that apply.

1. Plastic or geotextile
2. Permeable fabric
3. Organic
   e.g., straw, sawdust, woodchips
4. Other
   Specify other mulch or cover
   OR
5. No mulches or covers used

Crop management (Fruit, berries and nuts)

Q1. In the last five years 2013 to 2017, were there any new plantings of [selected crop] established?

• Yes
• No

Q2. For the [selected crop] grown in the last five years, which of the following materials were applied to the soil or crop to prepare the land for planting, or to assist in establishment?

Select all that apply.

1. Commercial fertilizer (N-P-K)
2. Compost
   Include composted manure.
3. Raw manure
4. Lime
5. Other nutrients
   e.g., sulfur, boron, copper
   Please indicate which of the following were applied.
   Select all that apply.
   1. Calcium
   2. Magnesium
   3. Sulphur
   4. Boron
   5. Chlorine
   6. Copper
   7. Iron
   8. Manganese
   9. Molybdenum
   10. Zinc
       OR
   11. Don't know
6. Soil fumigant
7. Herbicide
8. Other
   Specify other nutrient source material applied to soil or crop
   OR
9. None

Q3. For [selected crop], which of the following management practices were used to prepare the land before planting?

Select all that apply.

1. Planted a green manure plowdown crop
2. Deep tilage or subsoiling
3. Land leveling
4. Removed stones
5. Raised beds or hills
6. Other
   Specify other practice
   OR
7. No management practices used

Q4. Between October 2016 and September 2017, which of the following were used within the rows of established [selected] crops?

Select all that apply.

1. Commercial fertilizer (N-P-K)
2. Compost
   Include composted manure.
3. Raw manure
4. Lime
5. Other nutrients
   e.g., sulfur, boron, copper
   Please indicate which of the following were applied.
   Select all that apply.
   1. Calcium
   2. Magnesium
   3. Sulphur
   4. Boron
   5. Chlorine
   6. Copper
   7. Iron
   8. Manganese
   9. Molybdenum
   10. Zinc
       OR
   11. Don't know
6. Organic mulches
   e.g., straw, sawdust, woodchips
7. Plastic or geotextile mulches
8. Tilled to throw soil back into row
   e.g., grape hoe, build up raised bed
9. Other
   Specify other nutrient source material applied to soil or crop
   OR
10. None

Q5. Between October 2016 and September 2017, which of the following were used between the rows of established [selected] crops?

Select all that apply.

1. Tillage
2. Herbicides
3. Mowing
4. Spring or summer seeded cover crops, not harvested
5. Fall seeded cover crops, not harvested
6. Crop grown for harvest
   Specify crop grown for harvest
7. Perennial vegetation
   e.g., grass
8. Organic mulches
   e.g., straw, sawdust, woodchips
9. Other
   Specify other practice
   OR
10. Nothing used between the rows

Q6. Between October 2016 and September 2017, which of the following structures were used for established [selected] crops?

Exclude irrigation system structures.

Select all that apply.

1. Plant support structures
   e.g. trellis, wire, posts
2. High tunnels or greenhouse type structures over one or more crop rows
3. Bird netting
4. Bird scaring devices
   Specify bird scaring devices
5. Perimeter fencing to prevent wildlife damage
6. Other
   Specify other structure
   OR
7. No structures used

Q7. How often are [selected] branches, canes or vines pruned or thinned?

Exclude fruit thinning.

1. More than once per year
2. Once per year
3. Once every two years
4. Less than once every two years

Harvest management (Forage crops)

Q1. In 2017, were forage crops harvested for hay or silage?

• Yes
• No

Q2. In 2017, how many harvest cuts for hay or silage were there for the following forage types?

If the number of cuts varied by field, please report the most common number of cuts.

1. Mostly grass (with less than 25% of legumes)
   Include brome grasses, wheatgrasses, ryegrasses, fescues, orchard grass and timothy.
2. Mostly legumes (with less than 25% of grasses)
   Include alfalfa, clover, sainfoin, trefoil and vetches.
3. Mixture of grass and legumes (approximately 50% each)

Q3. In 2017, what was the maturity stage of the grasses for the first cut of hay or silage from each forage type?

• Mostly grasses
• Mixture of grass and legumes

Q4. In 2017, what was the maturity stage of the legumes for the first cut of hay or silage from each forage type?

• Mostly legumes
• Mixture of grass and legumes

Q5. In 2017, were any forage crops grazed?

Include forage land used for hay, silage or seed, which is also grazed for part of the year.

Exclude pasture and cropland that is only used for grazing.

• Yes
  How many [unit of measure] were grazed?
• No

Q6. What time of the year in 2017, were these forage crops grazed?

Select all that apply.

1. Winter
2. Spring
3. Summer
4. Fall

Q7. Considering all cuts of forage crops in 2017, what area was harvested for each of the following?

Report the total area cut for each purpose.

Example 1: If there were two cuts of 40 acres for hay, please enter 80 for hay.

Example 2: If there was one cut of 40 acres for hay and a second cut of 40 acres for silage, report 40 in each answer space.

1. Hay production
2. Silage production
3. Seed production
4. Not harvested due to crop failure

Q8. In 2017, what percentage of the forage production was rained on between cutting and baling hay, or harvesting silage on this operation?

Exclude rain on bales standing in field.

• None
• Less than 10%
• 10% to less than 20%
• 20% to less than 40%
• 40% or more

Q9. In 2017, what percentage of the cut hay or silage was left in the field due to spoilage that occurred before harvest could be completed?

• Less than 5%
• 5% to less than 10%
• 10% to less than 25%
• 25% or more

Q10. In 2017, what percentage of all hay or silage production from all grass, legumes or other forage crops, was or will be

Include hay or silage harvested by this operation.

Exclude hay or silage harvested by the operator to who it was sold.

1. used on operation
2. sold from operation

Q11. Over the past five years, which of the following statements best describes the strategy used to take samples to test the feed quality of hay or silage?

Choose the most common practice.

• Samples were taken each year from different forage cuts or types
• Samples were taken in most years for only forage cuts or types where quality was uncertain
• Samples were taken occasionally, less than once a year
• Hay or silage was never tested for feed quality
• Other strategies
  Specify other strategies

Q12. During 2017, were forage crops on this operation irrigated?

1. Mostly grasses
   Include brome grasses, wheatgrasses, ryegrasses, fescues, orchard grass and timothy.
2. Mostly legumes
   Include alfalfa, clover, sainfoin, trefoil and vetches.
3. Mixture of grass and legumes

Q13. Considering all hay production in 2017, which of the following harvesting methods were used?

Select all that apply.

1. Dry tied hay bales
   e.g., round, square
2. Dry net wrapped hay bales
   e.g., round
3. Other harvesting methods
   Specify other harvesting methods

Q14. Is hay currently stored on this operation?

• Yes
• No

Q15. Is any of the stored hay covered by a roof, tarp or other impermeable material?

• Yes
• No

Q16. On average, how long does it take to use or sell all stored hay produced from a specific year?

• Less than eight months
• Eight months to one year
• More than one year up to two years
• More than two years

Q17. In 2017, was any of the stored hay not used for feed or sale due to spoilage?

• Yes
• No

Q18. Approximately what percentage of stored hay was spoiled?

• Less than 5%
• 5% to less than 10%
• 10% to less than 25%
• 25% percent or more

Q19. Is silage currently stored on this operation?

• Yes
• No

Q20. Considering all silage or haylage production in 2017, which of the following storage methods were used?

Select all that apply.

1. Silage or haylage stored in sealed plastic
   e.g., bags, wraps, tubes
2. Bulk silage stored in horizontal silo
   e.g., bunker, stack, trench, pit
3. Bulk silage stored in vertical silo
   e.g., concrete, Harvestore
   Specify type of vertical silo
4. Other silage storage methods
   Specify other silage storage methods

Q21. Which of the following practices are used to preserve silage quality or minimize seepage of silage juices?

Select all that apply.

1. Compacted with heavy equipment
2. Mixed forage with preservatives before stored in silo
3. Added preservatives to the final surface of forage in silo
4. Covered with membrane material
   e.g., tarp, plastic sheet
5. Covered with a roof
6. Used impermeable base
   e.g., concrete, clay
7. Other practices
   Specify other practices

Q22. On average how long does it take to use or sell all stored silage produced from a specific year?

• Less than eight months
• Eight months to one year
• More than one year up to two years
• More than two years

Q23. In 2017, was any of the stored silage not used for feed or sale due to spoilage?

• Yes
• No

Q24. Approximately, what percentage of stored silage was spoiled?

• Less than 5%
• 5% to less than 10%
• 10% to less than 25%
• 25% or more

Harvest management (Vegetable, Fruit, Berry and Nut crops)

Q1. In 2017, which of the following methods were used to harvest [selected crop]?

Select all that apply.

1. Mechanical or machine picked
2. Hand-picked
   1. Hand-picked in a single pass
   2. Hand-picked in multiple passes

Q2. In 2017, was customer picking used to harvest [selected crop]?
e.g., U-pick or pick your own

• Yes, all of hand-picked crop
• Yes, some of hand-picked crop
• No

Q3. In 2017, was all the harvestable [selected crop] harvested?

Do not consider culls left in the field as harvestable.

• Yes
• No

Q4. Was any part of this 2017 harvestable [selected] crop not harvested for any of the following reasons?

1. Poor harvesting weather
2. Lack of resources
   e.g., equipment, labour
3. Insufficient storage capacity
4. Could not find a market
5. Left crop in the field over winter for a spring market
6. Other reason

Q5. Please specify the other reason the crop was not harvested.

Q6. Approximately, what percentage of the total harvestable [selected] crop was not harvested due to the reasons indicated in the previous question?

• Less than 5%
• 5% to less than 10%
• 10% to less than 20%
• 20% to less than 40%
• 40% or more

Q7. Was any part of this 2017 harvested [selected] crop not sold for any of the following reasons?

Exclude culls generated during processing or packaging.

• Yes
  1. Spoiled during storage on this operation
  2. Could not find a market
  3. Other reason
• No

Q8. Specify the other reason the crop was not sold.

Q9. Approximately, what percentage of the total harvested [selected] crop was not sold due to the reasons indicated in the previous question?

• Less than 5%
• 5% to less than 10%
• 10% to less than 20%
• 20% to less than 40%
• 40% or more

Q10. Was any of the [selected] crop sold at a lower price than intended due to lower quality or reduced market grade?

• Yes
• No

Q11. What percentage was sold at a lower price?

• Less than 5%
• 5% to less than 10%
• 10% to less than 20%
• 20% to less than 40%
• 40% or more

Q12. Was the [selected] crop processed on farm before it was sold?

Include peeling, dicing, freezing, drying, making jams, juices etc.

Exclude cleaning, culling or packaging.

• Yes
• No

Q13. What percentage of the [selected] crop that was sold was processed on farm?

Q14. Was the processed [selected crop] sold

• Yes
  1. on farm
  2. to a retailer
  3. to a wholesaler
• No

Q15. Was the unprocessed [selected crop] sold

• Yes
  1. on farm
  2. to a retailer
  3. to a wholesaler
• No

In 2017, how was the organic waste associated with vegetable, fruit, berry or nut production managed?

Include:

• organic waste collected and piled in field, piled at edge of field, or removed from field
• processing wastes.

Exclude organic waste left in the field.

Select all that apply.

1. Left in pile to naturally decompose
2. Actively composted
   e.g., turned in piles or windrows with proper temperature, moisture and carbon: nitrogen ratio
3. Burned
4. Fed to livestock
5. Applied to land
6. Sold or given away
7. Taken to a landfill
8. Other
   Specify other method

Forage Establishment

Q1. Over the last five years, 2013 to 2017, were grasses, legumes or other forages seeded?

• Yes
• No

Q2. Which types of forage crops were seeded?

Select all that apply.

1. Mostly grasses
   Include brome grasses, wheatgrasses, ryegrasses, fescues, orchard grass and timothy.
2. Mostly legumes
   Include alfalfa, clover, sainfoin, trefoil and vetches.
3. Mixture of grass and legumes

Q3. Were inoculated legume seeds used to enhance soil nitrogen fixation by bacteria?

• Yes, always
• Yes, some of the time
• No

Q4. When did seeding of these forage crops occur?

Select all that apply.

1. Spring
2. Late summer
3. Late fall
4. Other
   Specify other time

Q5. Over the last five years, 2013 to 2017, which of the following practices were used to assist in establishing these forage crops, or preparing the soil prior to seeding?

Select all that apply.

1. Removing rocks or stones
2. Extra deep tillage or subsoiling
3. Pre-seeding herbicides
4. Post-seeding herbicides
5. Other
   e.g., rodents, nematodes, insecticide
   Specify other pest control
6. Reduced or no till seeding
   Include low disturbance direct seeding.
7. Companion or nurse crops
   e.g., interseeding field crops with forages
8. Other
   Specify other practices
   OR
9. No practices used to establish forage crops or prepare the soil

Q6. Between October 2016 and September 2017, what area was seeded to these forage crops?

• [unit of measure]
  OR
• No crops were seeded during this time period

Q7. In the past five years, 2013 to 2017, were field crops ever grown on land that is currently in forage crops?

Field crops include cereals, oilseeds, pulses, etc.

• Yes
• No

Q8. Which of the following types of field crops were grown on these lands?

Select all that apply.

1. Cereals
2. Oilseeds
3. Pulses
4. Corn
5. Other
   Specify other crop

Q9. How long was this land in field crop production before it was seeded to back to forage crop?

If this varies for different fields, please provide an average number of years.

• One to two years
• Three to five years
• Six to 10 years
• More than 10 years
• Don't know

Forage Management & Termination

Q1. Over the last five years, 2013 to 2017, which of the following practices were used on established forages to restore or rejuvenate productivity?

Select all that apply.

1. Herbicide weed or brush control
2. Other pest control
   e.g., anti-rodents, anti-nematodes, insecticides
   Specify other pest control
3. Deep spiking (greater than 4 inches or 10 cm) or ripping
   e.g., narrow subsoiler
4. Shallow spiking (up to 4 inches or 10 cm)
   e.g., harrows
5. Broadcast seeding with light soil disturbance
6. No-till seeding
   Include sod seeding and low disturbance direct seeding.
7. Other
   Specify other practice
   OR
8. None of the above

Q2. In the last five years, 2013 to 2017, were established forages terminated or broken up?

• Yes
• No

Q3. For how many years were established forage stands in production before being terminated or broken up?

• One to two years
• Three to five years
• Six to 10 years
• More than 10 years
• Don't know

Q4. What were the reasons for terminating or breaking up forage stands?

Select all that apply.

1. Winter kill
2. Severe weed infestation
3. Build-up of sod
4. Build-up of manure litter
   e.g., straw, sawdust
5. Rodent or animal damage
6. Covert forage land to field crop production
   e.g., cereals, oilseeds, pulses, corn
7. Forage die back due to drought
8. Forage die back due to flood
9. Other
   Specify other reason
   OR
10. None of the above

Nutrient management

Q1. Considering all land used for [field/forage] crop production on this operation, how often is the soil tested for nutrient content?

• Every year
• Every two to three years
• Every four to five years
• Every six years or more
• Do not test soil

Q2. Between October 2016 and September 2017, were any of the following sources of nutrients applied to land where [field/forage] crops were grown?

Select all that apply.

1. Liquid manure
   How many [unit of measure] received liquid manure?
2. Solid manure
   How many [unit of measure] received solid manure?
3. Commercial Fertilizer (N-P-K)
   How many [unit of measure] received commercial fertilizer?
4. Compost
   Exclude manure.
5. Biosolids
   e.g., municipal waste
6. Other nutrients
   e.g., sulfur, boron, copper
   Please indicate which of the following were applied.
   • Calcium
   • Magnesium
   • Sulfur
   • Boron
   • Chlorine
   • Copper
   • Iron
   • Manganese
   • Molybdenum
   • Zinc
     OR
   • Don't know
7. Lime
8. Other
   Specify other nutrient source
   OR
9. None

Commercial fertilizer

Q1. How often is commercial fertilizer applied to land where [selected crops] are grown?

Commercial fertilizer refers to a manufactured substance containing one or more plant nutrients and is used to promote plant growth.
e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus, phosphate, potassium, potash

• Every year
• Every two years
• Every three years
• Every four years or more

Q2. Between October 2016 and September 2017, was commercial fertilizer applied on [selected crops]?

Commercial fertilizer refers to a manufactured substance containing one or more plant nutrients and is used to promote plant growth.
e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus, phosphate, potassium, potash

• Yes
• No

Q3. Between October 2016 and September 2017, what area of land where [selected crops] were grown received commercial fertilizer?

Commercial fertilizer refers to a manufactured substance containing one or more plant nutrients and is used to promote plant growth.
e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus, phosphate, potassium, potash

[unit of measure]

Q4. Between October 2016 and September 2017, which of the following products were applied to [selected crops]?

If a custom or common blend is used, select this option and do not select the specific products contained within the blend.

Select all that apply.

1. Custom or common blends
   Indicate the Nitrogen - Phosphate - Potash (N-P-K) ratio for the custom or common blends
   1. N-P-K for blend 1
   2. N-P-K for blend 2
   3. N-P-K for blend 3
2. Urea (46-0-0)
3. Ammonia or Anhydrous Ammonia (82-0-0)
4. Urea Ammonium Nitrate liquid (32-0-0 or 28-0-0)
5. Ammonium Sulfate (21-0-0-24)
6. Ammonium Nitrate or Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (34-0-0)
7. Monoammonium Phosphate (11-52-0)
8. Diammonium Phosphate (18-45-0)
9. Potash (0-0-60)
10. Other product
    Indicate the name of the product and Nitrogren - Phosphate - Potash (N-P-K) ratio
    OR
11. Don't know

Q5. Between October 2016 and September 2017, what rate was the total amount of all commercial fertilizer applied to the [selected crops]?
'Recommended rate' is based on farm specific factors such as a soil test, or recommendations for the crop type grown in this region or area.

• Recommended rate
• A rate higher than recommended
• A rate lower than recommended
• Don't know

Q6. Of the [number] [unit of measure] of forage crops which of the following received more commercial fertilizer?

• Established forage stands
• Newly seeded forages
  Consider fertilizer applied to land before, during and after seeding.

Q7. Considering all fertilizer applied to [established/newly seeded] [field crops/forage crops/vegetable, fruit, berry and nut crops], what percentage was applied during the following time periods?

1. October to December 2016
2. January to March 2017
3. April to June 2017
4. July to September 2017

Q8. Between October 2016 and September 2017, what percent of commercial fertilizer was applied to [field/vegetable] crops during the following time periods?

1. In the fall of 2016
2. In the spring of 2017 before seeding
3. As part of the seeding operation in 2017
4. After seeding in 2017

Q9. During the fall of 2016, what application method was used for commercial fertilizer?

Select all that apply.

1. Banded or injected
2. Surface broadcast followed by incorporation
3. Surface broadcast with no incorporation
4. Other
   Specify other application method

Q10. Before seeding in 2017, what application method was used for commercial fertilizer?

Select all that apply.

1. Banded or injected
2. Surface broadcast followed by incorporation
3. Surface broadcast with no incorporation
4. Other
   Specify other application method

Q11. In 2017, as part of the seeding operation for [field crops/forage crops/vegetable, fruit, berry and nut crops] what application method was used for commercial fertilizer?

Select all that apply.

1. Deposited in the soil with the seed in the same opener
2. Subsurface application in a separate band away from the seed
3. Surface broadcast or dribble
4. Other
   Specify other application method

Q12. In 2017, what application method was used for commercial fertilizer applied after seeding?

Select all that apply.

1. Surface broadcast over entire area
2. Side dress or dribble band on top or beside crop row
3. Foliar spray application
4. Through irrigation system
   e.g., fertigation
5. Other
   Specify other application method

Q13. Between October 2016 and September 2017, what application method was used for commercial fertilizer applied to [vegetable, fruit, berry or nut] crops?

Select all that apply.

1. Side dress or dribble band on top or beside crop row
2. Injected into the soil beside the row
3. Foliar spray application
4. Through irrigation system
   e.g., fertigation
5. Surface broadcast over entire area
6. Other
   Specify other application method

Q14. Between October 2016 and September 2017, were any controlled or slow-release fertilizer products used?

• Yes
• No

Liquid manure land application (Field crops)

Q1. How often is liquid manure tested for nutrient content?

• Every year
• Every two to three years
• Every four to five years
• Every six years or more
• Do not test liquid manure

Q2. Between October 2016 and September 2017, which field crop received liquid manure to the largest area of land?

1. Barley
2. Buckwheat
3. Canary seed
4. Canola (rapeseed)
5. Chick peas
   Include garbanzo beans
6. Corn for grain
7. Corn for silage
8. Dry field peas
   Exclude fresh green peas.
9. Dry white beans (navy and pea beans)
10. Flaxseed
11. Lentils
12. Mustard seed
13. Oats
14. Fall rye (seeded in late summer or fall 2017)
15. Spring rye
16. Soybeans
17. Sunflowers (standard and dwarf varieties)
18. Triticale
19. Spring wheat
20. Durum wheat
21. Winter wheat (seeded in late summer or fall 2017)
22. Other dry beans
    e.g., pinto, kidney, cranberry beans, lima, great northern
23. [Other field crop]

Q3. In 2017, what were the most common field crops grown on land that received liquid manure between October 2016 and September 2017?

Select up to three crops.

1. Barley
2. Buckwheat
3. Canary seed
4. Canola (rapeseed)
5. Chick peas
   Include garbanzo beans
6. Corn for grain
7. Corn for silage
8. Dry field peas
   Exclude fresh green peas.
9. Dry white beans (navy and pea beans)
10. Flaxseed
11. Lentils
12. Mustard seed
13. Oats
14. Fall rye (seeded in late summer or fall 2017)
15. Spring rye
16. Soybeans
17. Sunflowers (standard and dwarf varieties)
18. Triticale
19. Spring wheat
20. Durum wheat
21. Winter wheat (seeded in late summer or fall 2017)
22. Other dry beans
    e.g., pinto, kidney, cranberry beans, lima, great northern
23. Other type of field crops
    e.g., ginseng, caraway seed, hemp, tobacco, spelt, coriander and other spices
    Specify other type of field crops

Q4. Thinking of all liquid manure spread on field crops between October 2016 and September 2017, what percentage of that manure was applied during each of the following time periods?

1. October to December 2016
2. January to March 2017
3. April to June 2017
4. July to September 2017

Q5. During the last five years, approximately how often was liquid manure applied to land used to grow field crops?

If frequency varied for different fields or crop types, select all that apply.

1. At least once a year
2. Once every two years
3. Once every three years
4. Less than once every three years
5. Some cropland never received liquid manure

Q6. Which of the following methods were used to apply liquid manure to land used to grow field crops?

Report the most common practice for all field cropland where liquid manure was applied.

Select all that apply.

1. Direct injection into the soil
2. Narrow bands on soil surface, below crop canopy
   e.g., trailing hose, sleighfoot, sidedress
3. Broadcast on surface and not worked into the soil
4. Broadcast on surface and worked into the soil
   In general, when was this liquid manure worked into the soil?
   • Within four hours of application
   • Day of application, but more than four hours after application
   • One to two days after application
   • Three to five days after application
   • More than five days after application

Liquid manure land application (Forage crops)

Q1. How often is liquid manure tested for nutrient content?

• Every year
• Every two to three years
• Every four to five years
• Every six years or more
• Do not test liquid manure

Q2. Between October 2016 and September 2017, what area of land where forage crops were grown or seeded received liquid manure?

[Unit of measure]

Q3. Thinking of all liquid manure spread on forage land between October 2016 and September 2017, what percentage of that manure was applied during each of the following time periods?

1. October to December 2016
2. January to March 2017
3. April to June 2017
4. July to September 2017

Q4. During the last five years, approximately how often was liquid manure applied to land used to grow forage crops?

If this varies for different fields or forage types, select all that apply.

1. At least once a year
2. Once every two years
3. Once every three years
4. Less than once every three years
5. Some forage land never received liquid manure

Q5. Between October 2016 and September 2017, which of the following received more liquid manure?

• Established forage stands
• Land prior to seeding a new forage stand

Q6. Which of the following methods were used to apply liquid manure to [established forage stands/land prior to seeding forage crops]?

Select all that apply.

1. Direct injection into the soil
2. Narrow bands on soil surface, below crop canopy
   e.g., trailing hose, sleighfoot, sidedress
3. Broadcast on surface and not worked into the soil
4. Broadcast on surface and worked into the soil
   In general, when was this liquid manure worked into the soil?
   • Within four hours of application
   • Day of application, but more than four hours after application
   • One to two days after application
   • Three to five days after application
   • More than five days after application

Solid manure land application (Field crops)

Q1. How often is solid manure tested for nutrient content?

• Every year
• Every two to three years
• Every four to five years
• Every six years or more
• Do not test solid manure

Q2. In 2017, what were the most common field crops grown on land that received solid manure between October 2016 and September 2017?

Select up to three crops.

1. Barley
2. Buckwheat
3. Canary seed
4. Canola (rapeseed)
5. Chick peas
   Include garbanzo beans
6. Corn for grain
7. Corn for silage
8. Dry field peas
   Exclude fresh green peas.
9. Dry white beans (navy and pea beans)
10. Flaxseed
11. Lentils
12. Mustard seed
13. Oats
14. Fall rye (seeded in late summer or fall 2017)
15. Spring rye
16. Soybeans
17. Sunflowers (standard and dwarf varieties)
18. Triticale
19. Spring wheat
20. Durum wheat
21. Winter wheat (seeded in late summer or fall 2017)
22. Other dry beans
    e.g., pinto, kidney, cranberry beans, lima, great northern
23. Other field crops
    e.g., ginseng, caraway seed, hemp, tobacco, spelt, coriander and other spices
    Specify other field crop

Q3. Thinking of all solid manure spread on field crops between October 2016 and September 2017, what percent of that manure was applied during the following time periods?

1. October to December 2016
2. January to March 2017
3. April to June 2017
4. July to September 2017

Q4. Which of the following methods were used to apply solid manure to land used to grow field crops?

Select all that apply.

1. Broadcast on surface and not worked into the soil
2. Broadcast on surface and worked into the soil
   In general, when was this solid manure worked into the soil?
   • Within four hours of application
   • Day of application, but more than four hours after application
   • One to two days after application
   • Three to five days after application
   • More than five days after application

Q5. During the last five years, approximately how often was solid manure applied to land used to grow field crops?

If frequency varied for different fields or crop types, select all that apply.

1. At least once a year
2. Once every two years
3. Once every three years
4. Less than once every three years
5. Some field crops never receive solid manure

Solid manure land application (Forage crops)

Q1. How often is solid manure tested for nutrient content?

• Every year
• Every two to three years
• Every four to five years
• Every six years or more
• Do not test solid manure

Q2. Between October 2016 and September 2017, what area of land where forage crops were grown or seeded received solid manure?

• [Unit of Measure]

Q3. Thinking of all solid manure spread on forage land between October 2016 and September 2017, what percentage of that manure was applied during each of the following time periods?

1. October to December 2016
2. January to March 2017
3. April to June 2017
4. July to September 2017

Q4. During the last five years, approximately how often was solid manure applied to land used to grow forage crops?

If this varies for different fields or forage types, select all that apply.

1. At least once a year
2. Once every two years
3. Once every three years
4. Less than once every three years
5. Some forage land never receives solid manure

Q5. Between October 2016 and September 2017, was solid manure applied to land prior to seeding forage crops?

• Yes
• No

Q6. In general, when was this solid manure worked into the soil?

• Within four hours of application
• Day of application, but more than four hours after application
• One to two days after application
• Three to five days after application
• More than five days after application

Irrigation management

The following questions are about irrigation practices on this operation.

Q1. In 2017, were the following vegetable, fruit, berry or nut crops on this operation irrigated?

Q2. In 2017, what was the most common method used to irrigate each of the following crops?

• Surface or above surface drip or trickle emitters
• Buried or sub-surface drip or trickle emitters
• Sprinklers irrigating within row only
  e.g., micro-sprinkler, bubblers, micro jet, hand watering
• Sprinklers irrigating entire soil surface, within and between rows
• Flood irrigation beside or within rows only
• Flood irrigation over entire soil surface
• Other irrigation method

Q3. In 2017, how much irrigation water was applied to the following crops?

Pest management

Q1. In 2017, were any of the following inputs applied to [selected crops]?

Include inputs from treated seeds or applied using a sprayer, granular applicator, or other application method.

Yes / No

1. Herbicides
2. Insecticides
3. Fungicides
4. Biopesticides
   e.g., natural enemies such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, insects, and other organic substances and minerals
5. Other types of pesticides
   e.g., nematicides, rodenticides, bactericides

Q2. Specify the biopesticides that were applied to [selected crops].

Q3. Specify the other type of pesticides that were applied to [selected crops].

Q4. In 2017, how many applications of the following were used on the [selected crops]?

Consider inputs applied to only part of the total area of this crop as a partial application.

e.g., one application to three quarters of the crop area would be 0.75

Exclude inputs from treated seeds.

Number of applications

1. Herbicides
2. Insecticides
3. Fungicides
4. Biopesticides
5. Other types of pesticides

Q5. In 2017, were any of the following inputs applied to [secondary crops]?

Include inputs from treated seeds or applied using a sprayer, granular applicator, or other application method.

1. Herbicides
2. Insecticides
3. Fungicides
4. Biopesticides
   e.g., natural enemies such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, insects, and other organic substances and minerals
5. Other types of pesticides
   e.g., nematicides, rodenticides, bactericides

Q6. Specify the biopesticides that were applied to [secondary crops].

Q7. Specify the other type of pesticides that were applied to [secondary crops].

Q8. In 2017, how many applications of the following were used on the [secondary crops]?

Consider inputs applied to only part of the total area of this crop as a partial application.
e.g., one application to three quarters of the crop area would be 0.75

Exclude inputs from treated seeds.

Number of applications

1. Herbicides
2. Insecticides
3. Fungicides
4. Biopesticides
5. Other types of pesticides

The following questions are about the inputs used for all [field crops/vegetable, fruit, berry or nut crops] grown on this operation in 2017.

Q9. In 2017, who applied the inputs to [field crops/vegetable, fruit, berry and nut crops] on this operation?

Select all that apply.

1. A certified or licenced person working on this operation
2. An uncertified or unlicenced person working on this operation
3. A custom applicator or contractor

Q10. In 2017, what percentage of the input applications were done by each of the following?

1. A certified or licenced person working on this operation
2. An uncertified or unlicenced person working on this operation
3. A custom applicator or contractor

Q11. In 2017, was a sprayer used to apply the inputs?

• Yes
• No

Q12. In 2017, was the sprayer used to apply the inputs calibrated?

• Yes
• No

Q13. In 2017, how frequently was the sprayer calibrated?

Select all that apply.

1. Before the first application of the season
2. Before every use
3. After maintenance or repairs
4. Between applications of different types of inputs
5. Other
   Specify other frequency

Q14. In 2017, were any of the following methods used to control spray drift from the inputs?

Select all that apply.

1. Applied inputs only when winds are below recommended thresholds for application
2. Used low drift nozzles
3. Used shrouded booms or low boom applicators
4. Added anti-drift agents or chemicals to the inputs
5. Left buffer zones untreated
6. Other
   Specify other method
   OR
7. No methods used to control spray drifts

Q15. In 2017, were any of the following methods used to improve the efficiency or effectiveness of input application?

Select all that apply.

1. Applied different inputs to control the same pest at different times to the same field
2. Mixed different inputs in the sprayer tank
3. Used adjuvants or other additives
4. Targeted applications to only parts of field as required
5. Used sectional or individual nozzle shutoffs to minimize overlap
6. Other
   Specify other method
   OR
7. No methods used to improve the effectiveness of input application

Q16. In 2017, were any of the following methods used to control weeds, insects, diseases or other pests?

Select all that apply.

1. Rotated crops
2. Removed diseased plants, pruning residues or culls
3. Incorporated diseased plants, pruning residues or culls into the soil
4. Used fall planted species
   e.g., winter wheat, fall rye
5. Used tillage implements
6. Mowed
7. Weeded or hoed by hand
8. Used lure or trap crops
   A plant that attracts agricultural pests, usually insects, away from the main crop located nearby.
9. Other
   Specify method to control weeds, insects, diseases or other pests
   OR
10. Not applicable

Land management

Q1. In 2017, were companion crops used on this operation?
Include intercropping where both are seeded at the same time, as well as relay cropping where the second crop is seeded later between the rows of an existing crop.
Companion crops are two different crops grown at the same time on the same land.

• Yes
  Indicate the area of companion crops
• No

Q2. In 2017, were fall or winter cover crops used on this operation?

Include fall seeded crops that are grazed or harvested for forage in the spring prior to reseeding.

Exclude fall seeded crops that are harvested for grain,
e.g., fall rye or winter wheat.

Cover crops are crops seeded in late summer or fall providing overwinter vegetative cover. Growth is terminated in spring to allow planting of the next year's crop.

• Yes
  Indicate the area of fall or winter cover crops
  • area harvested for forage
  • area not harvested, crop biomass incorporated into soil
• No

Q3. In 2017, were green manure crops used on this operation?

Green manure crops are crops seeded in spring or early summer, whose growth is terminated before maturity, with all crop biomass incorporated into the soil.

• Yes
  Indicate the area of green manure crops
• No

Q4. Over the last five years, 2013 to 2017, which of the following land management improvements were implemented or installed on this operation?

Select all that apply.

1. Placed eroded soil back on hilltops
2. Terraces, contour or across slope cropping
3. Field shelterbelts or windbreaks
4. Surface drainage
   e.g., ditches, waterways
5. Sub-surface drainage
   e.g., tiles
6. Other
   Specify other improvements
   OR
7. None of these improvements were made

Q5. In 2017, were GPS equipment or products used on this operation?

• Yes
• No

Q6. For which of the following activities were GPS equipment or products used?

Select all that apply.

1. As a tracking or guidance system
   e.g., autosteer
2. To generate yield maps from a combine yield monitor
3. To target or vary fertilizer application rates across a field
4. To target or vary application rates of other crop inputs
   e.g., seed, pesticides, manure
   Specify which crop inputs were applied
5. To design improved drainage of land
6. To enhance record keeping by georeferencing the location of specific field operations or features
7. With drones to automatically monitor and map field observations
8. Other
   Specify other activities

Q7. Which of the following field operations were completed using GPS tracking or guidance systems (e.g., autosteer)?

Select all that apply.

1. Tillage
2. Seeding
3. Fertilizing
4. Manure application
5. Spraying
6. Swathing
7. Combining
8. Forage harvesting
9. Other
   Specify other use of tracking or guidance systems

Wetlands managment

Q1. In 2017, were any of the following wetlands or waterways on or adjacent to [field/forage/vegetable, fruit, berry and nut] crops on this operation?

• Yes
  1. Seasonal wetland
     Water is usually present until mid-summer or early fall.
     e.g., ponds, sloughs, marshes, treed swamps
  2. Permanent wetland
     Water is usually present year round.
     e.g., lakes, reservoirs, dugouts
  3. Waterways
     Channels that contain flowing water year round, or part of the year.
     e.g., drainage ditches, streams, creeks, irrigation canals
• No

Q2. In the past five years, were any wetlands drained to increase the land available for [field/forage/vegetable, fruit, berry and nut] crop production?

• Yes
• No

Q3. How many [unit of measure] were made available for [field/forage/vegetable, fruit, berry and nut] crop production?

Q4. In the past five years, were any previously drained wetlands plugged or dyked to restore the land to its natural condition?

Include only wetlands adjacent to [field/forage/vegetable, fruit, berry and nut] cropland.

• Yes
• No

Q5. How many [unit of measure] of [field/forage/vegetable, fruit, berry and nut] cropland were restored to natural wetland?

Q6. In 2017, was a buffer maintained between any permanent wetlands or waterways and [field/forage/vegetable, fruit, berry and nut] cropland on this operation?

A buffer refers to an area of planted or natural vegetation that is beside a permanent wetland or waterway, extending from the shoreline to the edge of a field.

• Yes
  Approximately what proportion of shoreline adjacent to [field/forage/vegetable, fruit, berry and nut] cropland had a buffer?
• All shoreline had a buffer
• More than half of shoreline
• Half of shoreline
• Less than half of shoreline
• No

Q7. Which of the following best describes the vegetation in the buffer?

• Mostly grasses or legumes
• Mostly trees or shrubs
• A mixture of grasses or legumes, with trees or shrubs
• Other
  Specify other vegetation

Q8. Is the species composition of the buffer the same as the adjacent forage crop?

• Yes
• No

Q9. In 2017, what was the average width of the buffer?

Q10. In 2017, what percentage of the buffer area was harvested for

1. forage
2. wood products
3. not harvested

Q11. In 2017, were any of the following crop inputs applied to the buffer?

1. Fertilizer
2. Manure
3. Pesticides

Management style and innovation

Q1. In the last five years, 2013 to 2017, were any of the following used to manage staff requirements?

Select all that apply.

• Adopted improved technology with lower staff requirements
• Existing staff worked overtime
• Temporary Foreign Workers program
• Employee training and certification programs
• Restructured farm operation to reduce or eliminate certain types of farm functions
  e.g., grew less feed and purchased more
• Other
  Specify other method
  OR
• Not applicable

Q2. In 2017, were custom operators used to perform farm work on this operation related to [livestock/crop] production?

• Yes
• No

Q3. In 2017, which of the following tasks were performed by a custom operator?

Select all that apply.

• Cleanout of manure from barn or corral
• Manure application or transport off farm
• Fertilizer application
• Crop or forage seeding
• Crop spraying
• Crop or forage harvesting
• Crop or forage transport
• Custom feeding or grazing animals on another operation
• Processing feed grown on this operation for [birds/animals] on this operation
• Carcass disposal
• Catching and moving poultry (off farm or to another barn)
• Application of bedding or litter
• Washing or disinfection of barn or pens
• Custom feeding of [birds/animals] on another operation
• Tillage
• Seeding or planting
• Manure or compost application
• Pesticide application
• Manure application
• Fertilizer application
• Spraying
• Harvesting
• Transport
• Other
  Specify other tasks

Q4. In 2017, which of the following activities used computer technology to enhance or improve this operation's [livestock/crop] production?

Select all that apply.

• Recording [animal health] and production data
• Other data collection
  e.g., [livestock] video surveillance, field data collection using GPS or drones, barn air quality, feed or water consumption
  Specify other data collection
• Controlling farm equipment
  e.g., [robotics, GPS controlled field operations, barn ventilation or lighting, feed delivery]
  Specify farm equipment
• Recording [field/forage/vegetable, fruit, berry and nut] crop production data
• Use of specialized software for improved data analysis and information processing
  Specify software
• Other functions to enhance [livestock/crop] production
  Specify other functions
  OR
• No computer based technology was used

Q5. In the last three years, 2015 to 2017, did this operation produce any new or significantly improved crop products?
e.g., new crop varieties, cultivars, hybrids, enhanced product characteristics

• Yes
• No

Q6. Was this a [field/forage/vegetable, fruit, berry and nut] crop product?

• Yes
• No

Q7. Briefly describe the most important new or significantly improved [field/forage/vegetable, fruit, berry and nut] crop product that has been produced over the last three years.

• Product

Q8. In the last three years, 2015 to 2017, did this operation produce any new or significantly improved livestock or poultry products?
e.g., type or breed raised, improved quality traits or grade, enhanced product characteristics

• Yes
• No

Q9. Was this a [poultry/livestock] product?

• Yes
• No

Q10. Briefly describe the most important new or significantly improved [poultry/livestock] product that has been produced over the last three years.

• Description of product

Q11. In the last three years, 2015 to 2017, did this operation implement any new or significantly improved production practices?

Include:

• feed management, animal housing, manure storage and treatment, livestock handling, grazing, biosecurity, other animal health and productivity practices
• seeding or planting, rotations, fertilizer or manure application, pest management, irrigation, harvesting, crop storage, using GPS technology, other soil, land, or crop improvement practices
• water management, organic farming, halal and other production practices.

• Yes
• No

Q12. Was this production practice related to [livestock/crop] production?

• Yes
• No

Q13. Briefly describe the most important new or significantly improved [livestock/crop] production practice that has been implemented over the last three years.

• Description of product

Q14. In the last three years, 2015 to 2017, did this operation implement any new or significantly improved approaches to marketing?
e.g., types of contracts, futures or options, direct marketing

• Yes
• No

Q15. In the last three years, 2015 to 2017, did this operation implement any new or significantly improved business management practices?
e.g., approaches to labour requirements, business ownership / partnerships, acquiring inputs, new processing activities, financial processes, management improvements

• Yes
• No

Q16. Briefly describe the most important new or significantly improved business management practice, that has been implemented over the last three years.

• Description of the practice

Q17. In the last three years, 2015 to 2017, how important were the following activities when deciding to try something new on this operation?

1. Obtaining advice and information from fellow farmers based on their experiences
2. Attending demonstration farms and field days to observe the innovation implemented
3. Attending workshops, seminars, meetings, conferences
4. Obtaining information from input companies
   e.g., seed and feed dealers
5. Seeking information from independent consultants
6. Seeking information from regional specialist / extension officers
7. Reading detailed technical and financial information
8. Relying on own experiences
9. Participating in producer associations

Q18. In the last three years, 2015 to 2017, how important were the following factors when deciding to try something new on this operation?

1. Cost reduction or increase in production
2. Increase in value of product
   e.g., superior quality, attributes or novel products
3. Environmental benefits
4. Benefits for work / family balance
5. Level of financial risk of the innovation compared to current practice
6. Access to financial resources to implement the innovation
   e.g., loans, venture capital, other financing
7. Availability of information to assess the value of the innovation for your farm
8. Available time
9. Technical expertise to implement the innovation
10. Labour requirement
11. Worker safety

Q19. When it comes to the introduction of new or significantly improved products, processes, or practices does this operation tend to

• be among the first to try something new
• wait until at least a few others have tried it first
• wait until it has been well tested
• be among the last to try something new

Q20. In the last three years, 2015 to 2017,were any new or significantly improved products, production processes, or business management practices related to [livestock/crop] production considered but not implemented?

• Yes
• No

Q21. Briefly describe the most important new or significantly improved product, production process, or business management practice that was considered but not implemented.

• Description

Environmental farm plan

Q1. Does this operation have a formal, written environmental farm plan?

• Yes, plan is developed
• Yes, plan is in development and being reviewed
• No

Q2. When was this environmental farm plan developed or last updated?

• Less than two years ago
• Two to less than five years ago
• Five to less than 10 years ago
• Ten or more years ago

This guide is designed to assist you as you complete the 2017 Survey of Innovation and Business Strategy. If you need more information, please call the Statistics Canada Help Line at the number below.

Your answers are confidential.

Statistics Canada is prohibited by law from releasing any information it collects which could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent or as permitted by the Statistics Act.

Statistics Canada will use information from this survey for statistical purposes.

Help Line: 1-877-949-9492

Table of contents

• Business or organization and contact information
• Reporting instructions
• Business strategy

Business or organization and contact information

This section verifies or requests basic identifying information of the business or organization such as legal name, operating name (if applicable), contact information of the designated contact person, current operational status, and main activity(ies).

1. Legal name and Operating name

Legal Name

The legal name is one recognized by law, thus it is the name liable for pursuit or for debts incurred by the business or organization. In the case of a corporation, it is the legal name as fixed by its charter or the statute by which the corporation was created.

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

To indicate a legal name of another legal entity you should instead indicate it in question 3 by selecting 'Not currently operational' and then choosing the applicable reason and providing the legal name of this other entity along with any other requested information.

Operating Name

The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

2. Designated contact person

Verify or provide the requested contact information of the designated business or organization contact person. The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire. If different than the designated contact person, the contact information of the person completing the questionnaire can be indicated later in the questionnaire.

3. Current operational status

Verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name in question 1. If indicating the operational status of the business or organization is 'Not currently operational' then indicate an applicable reason and provide the requested information.

4. Main activity

This question verifies the business or organization's current main activity as classified by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. Created against the background of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is designed to provide common definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three economies. NAICS is based on supply-side or production-oriented principles, to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS, are suitable for the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.

The target entity for which NAICS is designed are businesses and other organizations engaged in the production of goods and services. They include farms, incorporated and unincorporated businesses and government business enterprises. They also include government institutions and agencies engaged in the production of marketed and non-marketed services, as well as organizations such as professional associations and unions and charitable or non-profit organizations and the employees of households.

The associated NAICS should reflect those activities conducted by the business or organizational unit(s) targeted by this questionnaire only, as identified in the 'Answering this questionnaire' section and which can be identified by the specified legal and operating name. The main activity is the activity which most defines the targeted business or organization's main purpose or reason for existence. For a business or organization that is for-profit, it is normally the activity that generates the majority of the revenue for the entity.

The NAICS classification contains a limited number of activity classifications; the associated classification might be applicable for this business or organization even if it is not exactly how you would describe this business or organization's main activity.

Please note that any modifications to the main activity through your response to this question might not necessarily be reflected prior to the transmitting of subsequent questionnaires and as a result they may not contain this updated information.

If the current NAICS associated with this business or organizations is not correct, please provide a brief description of the main activity and provide any additional information as requested.

Reporting instructions

Please print in ink.

Report all dollar amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars ('000).

Report all dollar amounts rounded to the nearest thousands of dollars.

Report all personnel numbers in full-time equivalent (FTE).

Report all FTE numbers rounded to the nearest whole number.

Report all percentages rounded to the nearest whole number.

When exact figures are not available, please provide your best estimates.

If value is null please indicate "0".

Business strategy

Fiscal year end dates

For this survey, this business's fiscal year end date should fall after January 1, 2017 and on or before December 31, 2017.

Here are some examples of fiscal year end dates that fall within the targeted dates:

• December 31, 2017
• January 16, 2017
• January 31, 2017
• March 31, 2017
• June 30, 2017
• September 30, 2017

Good or service innovation

Good or service innovation is the market introduction of a new or significantly improved good or service with respect to its capabilities, user friendliness, components or sub-systems.

• Good or service innovations (new or improved) must be new to your enterprise, but they do not need to be new to your market
• Good or service innovations could have been originally developed by your enterprise or by other enterprises.

a. New or significantly improved goods

Include:

• new or significantly improved goods to this business and not necessarily new to the industry or market
• new or significantly improved goods developed by this business or by other organizations.

Exclude the simple resale of new goods purchased from other businesses and changes of a solely aesthetic nature.

b. New or significantly improved services

Include:

• new or significantly improved services to this business and not necessarily new to the industry or market
• new or significantly improved services developed by this business or by other organizations.

Process innovation

A process innovation is the implementation of a new or significantly improved production process, distribution method, or support activity for your goods or services.

• Process innovations must be new to your enterprise, but they do not need to be new to your market
• The innovation could have been originally developed by your enterprise or by other enterprises.

c. New or significantly improved methods of manufacturing or producing goods or services

Include:

• methods of manufacturing or producing products developed by this business or other organizations
• methods of manufacturing or producing products new to this business and not necessarily new to the industry.

Exclude purely organizational innovations.

d. New or significantly improved logistics, delivery or distribution methods for inputs, goods or services

Include:

• logistics, delivery or distribution methods developed by this business or other organizations
• logistics, delivery or distribution methods new to this business and not necessarily new to the industry.

Exclude purely organizational innovations.

e. New or significantly improved supporting activities for processes

For example: maintenance systems or operations for purchasing, accounting, or computing.

Include:

• supporting activities developed by this business or other organizations
• supporting activities new to this business and not necessarily new to the industry.

Exclude purely organizational innovations.

Organizational innovation

An organizational innovation is a new organizational method in your enterprise's business practices (including knowledge management), workplace organization or external relations that has not been previously used by your enterprise.

Organizational innovations must be the result of strategic decisions taken by management.

Exclude mergers or acquisitions, even if for the first time.

f. New business practices for organizing procedure

For example: supply chain management, business reengineering, knowledge management, lean production, quality management or other.

Exclude mergers or acquisitions, even if for the first time.

g. New methods of organizing work responsibilities and decision making

For example: first use of a new system of employee responsibilities, team work, decentralization, co-ideation, integration or de-integration of departments, education or training systems or other.

Exclude mergers or acquisitions, even if for the first time.

h. New methods of organizing external relations with other unrelated businesses or organizations

For example: first use of alliances, partnerships, outsourcing or sub-contracting or other.

Exclude mergers or acquisitions, even if for the first time.

Marketing innovation

A marketing innovation is the implementation of a new marketing concept or strategy that differs significantly from your enterprise's existing marketing methods and which has not been used before.

Marketing innovations require significant changes in product design or packaging, product placement, product promotion or pricing.

Exclude seasonal, regular and other routine changes in marketing methods.

i. New media or techniques for good or service promotion

For example: the first time use of a new advertising media, a new brand image, social media, introduction of loyalty cards or other.

Exclude seasonal, regular and other routine changes in marketing methods.

j. New methods for good or service placement or sales channels

For example: first time use of franchising or distribution licenses, direct selling, exclusive retailing, new concepts for product presentation or other.

Exclude seasonal, regular and other routine changes in marketing methods.

k. New methods of pricing goods or services

For example: first time use of variable pricing by demand, discount systems or other.

Exclude seasonal, regular and other routine changes in marketing methods.

l. Significant changes to the aesthetic design or packaging of a good or service

Exclude:

• changes that alter the product function or user characteristics as these are product innovations
• seasonal, regular and other routine changes in marketing methods.

Advanced technology

Advanced technology is new technology that performs a new function or improves some function significantly better than other commonly used technology.

a. Material handling, supply chain OR logistics technologies

Include customer relationship management (CRM) software, software for demand forecasting or demand planning, transportation management system, warehouse management system (WMS), supply chain collaboration and visibility systems, automated storage (AS) and retrieval system (RS), part identification for automation (e.g., bar or QR coding) or radio frequency identification (RFID).

b. Design and information control technologies

Include virtual product development or modelling software including computer-aided design (CAD), computer aided engineering (CAE), computer aided manufacturing (CAM), virtual manufacturing, enterprise resource planning (ERP), manufacturing execution system (MES), software integration of quality results with planning and control softwares, manufacturing resource planning (MRP II), inter-company computer networks including extranet and electronic data interchange (EDI), wireless communications for production, sensor network and integration, computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM), automated systems for inspection (e.g., vision-based, laser-based, X-ray, high-definition (HD) camera or sensor-based) or unmanned aerial system (e.g., drone).

c. Processing or fabrication technologies

Include flexible manufacturing cells (FMC) or flexible manufacturing systems (FMS), lasers used in materials processing (including surface modification), robots with sensing or vision systems, robots without sensing or vision systems, 4-9 axis computer numerically controlled (CNC) machinery, additive manufacturing including rapid prototyping for plastics and 3D printing for plastics, additive manufacturing including rapid prototyping for metals and 3D printing for metals, additive manufacturing including rapid prototyping for materials other than plastics and metals and 3D printing other than plastics and metals, automated machinery for sorting, transporting or assembling parts, plasma sputtering, micro-manufacturing (e.g., micro-machining or micro-molding) or micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS).

d. Clean technologies

Clean technology is defined as any process, product, or service that reduces environmental impacts through environmental protection activities, through the sustainable use of natural resources, or through the use of goods that have been specifically modified or adapted to be significantly less energy - or resource-intensive than the industry standard.

e. Security or advanced authentication systems

For example: software tokens, hardware tokens, smartphone tokens, cryptographic keys, biometrics (fingerprints, or other), multifactor authentication.

f. Business intelligence technologies

Include executive dashboards for analytics or decision-making, advanced technologies that are owned, leased or licensed, used as a service (e.g., cloud computing) or acquired through partnership. Executive dashboards for analytics or decision-making, software for large-scale data processing (e.g., Hadoop), live stream processing technology or real-time monitoring, software as a service (SaaS) (e.g., cloud computing - software) or infrastructure as a service (IaaS) (e.g., cloud computing - hardware).

Emerging technologies

h. Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology is the manufacturing of devices and products from molecular or nano-scale components with extraordinary properties. One nanometer (1 nm) is one billionth of a metre (.000000001 m), three to four atoms wide. Examples of nanotechnology: nanoparticles, nanomaterials, nanocoatings, nanostructures, nanosystems, nanophotonics, nanoelectronics, nanomedicine, nanobiotechnology.

i. Biotechnology

Biotechnology is the application of science and engineering in the direct or indirect use of living organisms in their natural or modified forms, in an innovative manner, when producing goods and services or improving existing processes. For the purpose of this survey, exclude fermentation for the production of beer, bread, cheese or yogurt.

j. Geomatics or geospatial technologies

Geomatics is the science and technology of gathering, analyzing, interpreting, distributing and using geographic information. Geomatics encompasses a broad range of disciplines that can come together to create a detailed but comprehensible picture of the physical world and where each individual fits. The disciplines include surveying, mapping, remote sensing, geographic information systems, and global positioning systems.

Geospatial technologies refer to hardware and software systems that relate and display data of geographic, spatial or location nature. The technology helps to increase the speed of data interpretation and analysis for geomatics research.

k. Artificial intelligence

Computer systems able to perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence or able to learn without being explicitly programmed; for example: systems that can learn tasks through repetition (machine learning), identify patterns in big sets of data, recognize visuals and speech, and make decisions.

m. Blockchain technologies

Include distributed ledgers, secure value exchange protocols, smart contracts.

Air and environment protection or remediation

Air and environment protection and remediation: control/management of harmful emissions, leak detection, physical/chemical/biological treatment of emissions.

Waste management, reduction or recycling

Waste management, reduction and recycling: collection, separation/sorting, biological reprocessing, landfill leachate/gas management, thermal treatment, waste-to-value.

Water or wastewater treatment

Water and wastewater treatment: physical/chemical treatment of industrial wastewater or sewage, wastewater management systems.

Alternative fuels

Biofuel (grain ethanol, biodiesel, biofuel oil, biogas, hydrogen (from non-fossil sources), renewable diesel, or other), and Bioenergy (black pellets, biomass, biochar, or other).

Bio-products

Bio-products are commercial or industrial products other than food, feed and medicines made with biomass (living and recently dead biological or renewable materials from agricultural (plant or animal), marine or forestry resources including those from industrial or municipal wastes), Biochemicals (lubricants, resins, bioplastics, bio-pesticides, biorubber), and biomaterials (biocomposites, biofibres, wood composite, agri-based composite, bio-textiles).

Smart grid

Smart meters, microgrids, district heating, ICT equipment.

Energy storage

Energy storage: mechanical storage (flywheels, pumped hydro, compressed air), electrochemical storage (batteries, fuel cells), electrical storage (ultra-capacitors, superconducting magnetic energy storage), thermal storage, hybrid storage.

Energy management and efficiency improvements

Energy management and efficiency improvements: combined heat and power, cogeneration, heat recovery, deep water cooling, demand management, industrial design.

Water management or recycling

Water management or recycling: rainwater collection, water desalination, measurement and control, gray water reuse.

Agriculture, aquaculture, forestry or biodiversity improvements

Agriculture, aquaculture, forestry or biodiversity improvements: precision agriculture, fish waste reduction, alternative feeds, ecosystem restoration, forest restoration/replenishment.

Sustainable mining

Substitutes for mineral-based materials, in-process modifications, enhanced solvent extraction, sustainable mineral processing.

Adapted goods

Goods that serve a primary function unrelated to environmental protection and sustainable resource management, but have been modified to be significantly less energy- or resource-intensive than the industry standard.

Energy efficient transportation

For example: fuel efficient components for vehicles, ridesharing technology, fleet management systems.

Energy efficient equipment or appliances

High efficiency industrial equipment (burners and boilers, pumps and motors, HVAC, or other), high efficiency tank-less water heaters, high-efficiency electric appliances, LED lighting, or other.

Advanced or lightweight materials

Advanced or lightweight materials: Additive manufacturing, nanotechnology, compound materials, advanced packaging.

Product development and control management practices

Cross-functional design teams

Cross-functional design teams: groups responsible for product/process design. These groups are made up of people from all relevant functional areas, for example; manufacturing, maintenance and finance, as well as users, each with authority to speak for their respective area. By simultaneously considering all aspects of development, production and use, such teams can increase quality, reduce the time from design to production, and minimize costs.

Electronic work order management

Electronic work order management: refers to the use of computers to process and analyze work orders. Work orders describe the work that must be completed and indicate the location, priority, department to be charged, originator, approvals, etc.

Distribution resource planning (DRP)

Distribution resource planning (DRP): also referred to as distribution requirements planning, applies to units with distribution warehouses. This procedure determines where, when and how much should be shipped. Demands on central shipping and/or the manufacturing plant are mathematically estimated for every item using national demand forecasts and data on safety stock, transit time and economical shipping quantities.

Quality management practices

Continuous improvement (including total quality management (TQM))

Continuous improvement (including total quality management (TQM)): the persistent search for quality improvement using small steps continuously, as applied to product and process development - including TQM.

Business certification or certification renewals

Business certification or certification renewals (for example: ISO 9000, ISO 14000): any program that includes quality certification by a third party. ISO 9000 is an internationally recognized series of quality system standards and guidelines used to certify the consistency with which an establishment produces and delivers its products and services. While these standards enumerate the basic rules governing quality systems, the manner in which the systems are implemented must be adapted to the actual production for which registration is sought.

Quality management system (QMS)

Quality Management System (QMS): the policies and procedures necessary to improve and control the various processes that will ultimately lead to improve and control the various processes, which will then improve business performance.

Other business practices

Competitive technological intelligence (CTI) or benchmarking

Competitive Technological Intelligence (CTI) and benchmarking refer to the process by which you measure your business against industry leaders. It includes qualitative aspects, though effective benchmarking requires a certain level of output and financial performance measurement with respect to products, services and practices. Benchmarking is process-oriented, as opposed to simple performance measurement, which is results-oriented.

Sustainable development strategy or environmental stewardship plan (ESP)

Sustainable development strategy or environmental stewardship plan (ESP) refers to a strategy or plan to produce goods, function, and grow, while working within the means of their environment and resources, and not deplete them to a point where they will sustain negative growth.

Product data management (PDM)

Product Data Management (PDM) or Life Cycle Management (PLM) refers to managing the life cycle and stage of a product, from conception to obsolescence.

Life cycle management (LCM)

Product Data Management (PDM) or Life Cycle Management (PLM) refers to managing the life cycle and stage of a product, from conception to obsolescence.

Integrated Business Statistics Program (IBSP)

Confidential once completed.

This information is collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

Completion of this questionnaire is a legal requirement under this Act.

Introduction

Survey purpose

This survey collects information on the strategic decisions, innovation activities, operational tactics and global value chain activities of businesses in Canada.

The results from this survey will be used by governments to better understand the impact of business strategy and innovation decisions, and operational adaptations on the Canadian economy including business competitiveness, efficiency and productivity. This will enable governments to develop policies intended to improve Canada's industrial productivity and competitiveness.

Security of emails and faxes

Statistics Canada advises you that there could be a risk of disclosure during facsimile or email. However upon receipt, Statistics Canada will provide the guaranteed level of protection afforded all information collected under the authority of the Statistics Act. Note: Our online questionnaires are secure, there is no risk of data interception when responding to Statistics Canada online surveys.

Confidentiality

The Statistics Act protects the confidentiality of information collected by Statistics Canada.

Data-sharing agreements

To reduce respondent burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data-sharing agreements with provincial and territorial statistical agencies and other government organizations, which have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes.

Please return the questionnaire within 20 days.

Please mail the completed questionnaire in the enclosed envelope or fax it to Statistics Canada at 1-800-755-5514.

If you are unable to complete within 20 days OR if you need help, call us at 1-877-949-9492 or TTY 1-888-883-7999

Statistics Canada
Operations and Integration Division
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0T6

Visit the Statistic Canada's website

Reporting instructions

• Please print in ink.
• Report all dollar amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars ('000).
• Report all dollar amounts rounded to the nearest thousands of dollars.
• Report all personnel numbers in full-time equivalent (FTE).
• Report all FTE numbers rounded to the nearest whole number.
• Report all percentages rounded to the nearest whole number.
• When exact figures are not available, please provide your best estimates.
• If value is null please indicate "0".
• Consult the reporting guide at Integrated Business Statistics Program (IBSP) for further information.

Business or organization and contact information

Q1. Please provide the business or organization's legal and operating name.

• Legal name
• Operating name (if applicable)

Q2. Please provide the contact information of the designated business or organization contact person for this questionnaire.

Note: The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire.

• First name
• Last name
• Title
• Preferred language of communication
  • English
  • French
• Mailing address
  • Number and street
  • City
  • Province, territory or state
  • Postal code or Zip code, Example: A9A 9A9 or 12345-1234
  • Country
• Email address, Example: user@example.gov.ca
• Telephone number (including area code), Example: 123-123-1234
  • Extension number (if applicable)
• Fax number (including area code), Example: 123-123-1234

Q3. Please provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name.

• Operational Go to question 4
• Not currently operational, e.g., temporarily or permanently closed, change of ownership
  • Why is this business or organization not currently operational?
    • Seasonal operations Go to question 3a.
    • Ceased operations Go to question 3b.
    • Sold operations Go to question 3c.
    • Amalgamated with other businesses or organizations Go to question 3d.
    • Temporarily inactive but will re-open Go to question 3e.
    • No longer operating due to other reasons Go to question 3f.

Q3a. Seasonal operations

• When did this business or organization close for the season?
  • Date (YYYY-MM-DD)
• When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
  • Date (YYYY-MM-DD) Go to question 4

Q3b. Ceased operations

• When did this business or organization cease operations?
  • Date (YYYY-MM-DD)
• Why did this business or organization cease operations? Go to question 4
  • Bankruptcy
  • Liquidation
  • Dissolution
  • Specify the other reasons for ceased operations

Q3c. Sold operations

• When was this business or organization sold?
  • Date (YYYY-MM-DD)
• What is the legal name of the buyer? Go to question 4

Q3d. Amalgamated with other businesses or organizations

• When did this business or organization amalgamate?
  • Date (YYYY-MM-DD)
• What is the legal name of the resulting or continuing business or organization?
• What are the legal names of the other amalgamated businesses or organizations? Go to question 4

Q3e. Temporarily inactive but will re-open

• When did this business or organization become temporarily inactive?
  • Date (YYYY-MM-DD)
• When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
  • Date (YYYY-MM-DD)
• Why is this business or organization temporarily inactive? Go to question 4

Q3f. No longer operating due to other reasons

• When did this business or organization cease operations?
  • Date (YYYY-MM-DD)
• Why did this business or organization cease operations?

Q4. Please verify or provide the current main activity of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name.

Note: The described activity was assigned using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

• This is the current main activity. Go to next section
• This is not the current main activity.
  • Please provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's main activity.
  • e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development

Q5. Was this business or organization's main activity ever classified as:

• Yes
• No Go to next section

Q6. When did the main activity change?

• Date (YYYY-MM-DD)

Business strategy

Q1. What is the end date of this business's fiscal year?

This business's fiscal year end date should fall after January 1, 2017 and on or before December 31, 2017.

• Fiscal Year End date (YYYY-MM-DD)

Q2. Over the next five years, 2018 to 2022, which of these long-term strategies is most important to this business?

Check only one.

• Main focus on good or service positioning
  e.g., good or service leadership, market segmentation, good or service diversification, improving quality
• Main focus on low-price and cost leadership
  e.g., mass market
• They are equally important

Q3. Over the next five years, 2018 to 2022, which of the following statements best describes the strategic focus of this business with respect to its goods or services (products)?

Check only one.

• Maintain sales of existing goods or services
• Expand the sales of existing goods or services
• Introduce new or significantly improved goods or services regularly
• Don't know

Q4. Over the next five years, 2018 to 2022, which of the following statements best describes the strategic focus of this business with respect to its marketing practices or methods?

Check only one.

• Maintain current marketing practices or methods
• Intensify current marketing practices or methods
• Introduce new or significantly improved marketing practices or methods
• Don't know

Q5. Over the next five years, 2018 to 2022, which of the following statements best describes the strategic focus of this business with respect to its operations and business activities?

Check only one.

• Maintain current operations and business activities
• Optimize current operations and business activities
• Introduce new or significantly improved business activities or processes to its operations
• Don't know

Q6. Over the next five years, 2018 to 2022, which of the following statements best describes the strategic focus of this business with respect to its organizational and management practices?

Check only one.

• Maintain current organizational and management practices
• Optimize current organizational and management practices
• Introduce new or significantly improved management practices or change its organizational structure
• Don't know

Main market and competitive landscape

Q7. In 2017, did this business sell goods or services?
In 2017 refers to the calendar year, January 1 to December 31, 2017.

1. Goods
   Include raw and processed foods, oil, gas, pharmaceuticals, machinery, equipment, packaging or any other goods.
   • Yes
   • No If question 7 a. is 'No' then go to question 11.
2. Services
   Include computer systems design, architectural, engineering, insurance, consulting, courier, warehousing, storage, rental, leasing, financial, travel, education, or any other services.
   • Yes
   • No

Q8. In 2017, did this business produce or manufacture any of the goods that it sold?

Refers to goods sold in the calendar year, January 1 to December 31, 2017.

• Yes
• No

Q9. In 2017, did this business offer the following services to complement the sale of its goods?
In 2017 refers to the calendar year, January 1 to December 31, 2017.

Response options:

• Yes
• No

1. After-sales maintenance or repair
   e.g., periodic, ongoing or as-required maintenance or repair of goods produced by this business
2. Installation or implementation
   e.g., installing goods or implementing processes to ensure goods produced by this business are functional or ready to be used
3. Training or technical support
   e.g., troubleshooting 6 months after the purchase of a good produced by this business
4. After-sales condition monitoring or quality control
   e.g., providing reports on usage or determining if a good needs to be repaired over a defined period
5. Customization
   e.g., working with a client to develop a tailored solution or good that responds to the clients' specific needs
6. Distribution or transportation
   e.g., distribution or transportation of this business's goods
7. Leasing or rental agreements
8. Other services
   e.g., any other services complementing the sale of this business's goods

If 'No' was selected for all of question 9 then go to question 11.

Q10. During the three years 2015 to 2017, did this business expand capacity for the following services to complement the sale of its goods?

e.g., increase staff, acquire additional machinery and equipment, open new facilities or other

During the three years 2015 to 2017 refers to the calendar years, January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017.

Complete the lines in question 10 that correspond with 'Yes' in question 9.

Response options:

• Yes
• No

1. After-sales maintenance or repair
   e.g., periodic, ongoing or as-required maintenance or repair of goods produced by this business
2. Installation or implementation
   e.g., installing goods or implementing processes to ensure goods produced by this business are functional or ready to be used
3. Training or technical support
   e.g., troubleshooting 6 months after the purchase of a good produced by this business
4. After-sales condition monitoring or quality control
   e.g., providing reports on usage or determining if a good needs to be repaired over a defined period
5. Customization
   e.g., working with a client to develop a tailored solution or good that responds to the clients' specific needs
6. Distribution or transportation
   e.g., distribution or transportation of this business's goods
7. Leasing or rental agreements
8. Other services
   e.g., any other services complementing the sale of this business's goods

Main geographical market

Q11. In this business's fiscal year ending in 2017, estimate the percentage of this business's total sales that came from each of the following geographic markets.

If percentage is null please indicate "0".

1. Local market(s)
   Include the region in which this business has its main Canadian operations
2. Rest of Canada
3. United States of America
4. Rest of the world

Total: 100%

Complete question 12 if there is a tie for the highest percentage in question 11.

Q12. There is a tie for your main market based on the percentages you provided in the previous question. Of the markets below, which would you consider your main market?

Check only one.

• Local market(s)
  Include the region in which this business has its main Canadian operations.
• Rest of Canada
• United States of America
• Rest of the world

Main market: the geographical region from which this business derived the highest percentage of total sales revenue.

Q13. In 2017, how many competitors did this business face in its main geographical market?
In 2017 refers to the calendar year, January 1 to December 31, 2017.

Check only one.

• Zero
• One
• Two to three
• Four to five
• Six to ten
• Eleven and higher

Q14. In 2017, were there any multinational organizations among competitors for this business's main geographical market?
In 2017 refers to the calendar year, January 1 to December 31, 2017.

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

Q15. In 2017, did the following occur in this business's main geographical market?
In 2017 refers to the calendar year, January 1 to December 31, 2017.

Response options:

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

1. Entry of new competitor(s)
2. Exit of competitor(s)
3. Increase in competitive behaviour from existing competitors
   e.g., lowering prices, stronger marketing, new good or service (product) introduction or other
4. Decrease in competitive behaviour from existing competitors
   e.g., raising prices, weaker marketing or other

Q16. In 2017, in response to the change in competition in this business's main geographical market, did this business implement any of the following changes?
In 2017 refers to the calendar year, January 1 to December 31, 2017.

If 'Yes' was selected for question 15 a., b., c., or d. complete question 16.

Response options:

• Yes
• No

1. Change the quality of its goods or services (products)
2. Adopt new technology or a new process
3. Change its marketing expenditures or marketing strategy
4. Introduce or accelerate the introduction of new goods or services (products)
5. Change prices of its goods or services (products)
6. Take other actions

Innovation

Q17. During the three years 2015 to 2017, did this business introduce any of the following innovations?
Include:

• innovations new to this business, but not necessarily new to the industry or markets
• innovations developed by this business or other organizations.

During the three years 2015 to 2017 refers to the calendar years, January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017.

Response options:

• Yes
• No

Good or service innovation
Market introduction of new or significantly improved goods or services with respect to their capabilities, user friendliness, components or sub-systems.

1. New or significantly improved goods
   Exclude the simple resale of new goods purchased from other businesses and changes of a solely aesthetic nature.
2. New or significantly improved services

Process innovation
Implementation of new or significantly improved production process, distribution methods, or support activity for this business's goods or services.

3. New or significantly improved methods of manufacturing or producing goods or services
4. New or significantly improved logistics, delivery or distribution methods for inputs, goods or services
5. New or significantly improved supporting activities for processes
   e.g., maintenance systems, operations for purchasing, accounting or computing

Organizational innovation
Implementation of a new organizational method in business practices (including knowledge management), workplace organization or external relations that has not been previously used by this business. It must be the result of strategic decisions taken by management.
Exclude mergers or acquisitions, even if for the first time.

6. New business practices for organizing procedures
   e.g., supply chain management, business reengineering, knowledge management, lean production, quality management
7. New methods of organizing work responsibilities and decision making
   e.g., first use of a new system of employee responsibilities, team work, decentralisation, co-ideation, integration or de-integration of departments, education or training systems
8. New methods of organizing external relations with other unrelated businesses or organizations
   e.g., first use of alliances, partnerships, outsourcing or sub-contracting

Marketing innovation
Implementation of a new marketing concept or strategy that differs significantly from this business's existing marketing methods and which has not been used before.

9. New media or techniques for good or service promotion
   e.g., the first time use of a new advertising media, a new brand image, social media, introduction of loyalty cards or programs
10. New methods for good or service placement or sales channels
    e.g., first time use of franchising or distribution licenses, direct selling, exclusive retailing, new concepts for product presentation
11. New methods of pricing goods or services
    e.g., first time use of variable pricing by demand, discount systems
12. Significant changes to the aesthetic design or packaging of a good or service
    Exclude changes that alter the product function or user characteristics as these are product innovations.

Good or service innovation

Q18. Who developed these good or service innovations introduced during the three years, 2015 to 2017?

During the three years 2015 to 2017 refers to the calendar years, January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017.

If 'Yes' was selected for question 17 a. or b. complete questions 18 to 20.

• Mainly this business, parent, affiliated or subsidiary businesses
• Collaboratively, this business together with other businesses or organizations
  Exclude outsourcing or contracting or granting out work.
• Mainly other businesses or organizations
  Include outsourcing or contracting or granting out work.

Q19. During the three years 2015 to 2017, were any of this business's good or service innovations introduced new to one of its markets or new to this business?

Response options

• Yes
• No

1. New to one of its markets
   e.g., introduced a new or significantly improved good or service onto one of this business's markets before its competitors (it may have already been available in other markets)
2. New to this business only
   e.g., introduced a new or significantly improved good or service that was already available from competitors in this business's markets

Q20. In this business's fiscal year ending in 2017, what percentage of this business's total sales came from the following types of goods or services?

If percentage is null please indicate "0".

Good or service innovations introduced between 2015 to 2017

1. New to one of its markets
   Note: only provide an answer for a. if 'Yes' was selected in question 19 a.
   e.g., introduced a new or significantly improved good or service onto one of this business's markets before its competitors (it may have already been available in other markets)
2. New to this business only
   Note: only provide an answer for b. if 'Yes' was selected in question 19 b.
   e.g., introduced a new or significantly improved good or service that was already available from competitors in this business's markets

Goods or services unchanged or only marginally modified between 2015 to 2017

3. Unchanged or marginally modified

Total

Process innovation

Q21. Who developed these process innovations introduced during the three years, 2015 to 2017?
During the three years 2015 to 2017 refers to the calendar years, January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017.

If 'Yes' was selected for question 17 c., d., or e. complete questions 21 and 22.

• Mainly this business, parent, affiliated or subsidiary businesses
• Collaboratively, this business together with other businesses or organizations
  Exclude outsourcing or contracting or granting out work.
• Mainly other businesses or organizations
  Include outsourcing or contracting or granting out work.

Q22. In this business's fiscal year ending in 2017, did this business's process innovations introduced during the three years 2015 to 2017 result in cost savings related to its products?
During the three years 2015 to 2017 refers to the calendar years, January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017.

• Yes
  • Less than 5%
  • 5% to 9.9%
  • 10% to 25%
  • More than 25%
  • Don't know
• No
• Don't know

Organizational innovation

Q23. In this business's fiscal year ending in 2017, did this business's organizational innovations introduced during the three years 2015 to 2017 result in cost savings related to its operations?

If 'Yes' was selected for question 17 f., g., or h. complete question 23.

• Yes
  • Less than 5%
  • 5% to 9.9%
  • 10% to 25%
  • More than 25%
  • Don't know
• No
• Don't know

Expenditures on innovation activity

Q24. In this business's fiscal year ending in 2017, did this business conduct any of the following innovation activities?

Include activities for good or service, process, organizational and marketing innovation.

Response options

• Yes
• No

1. Research and experimental development, both in-house and outsourced (contracted out or granted), to other organizations
2. Acquisition or development of advanced technology including machinery and equipment, facilities, software and intellectual property to realize innovation projects
3. Design activities related, both in-house and outsourced (contracted out or granted), to other organizations
4. Employee training specifically for innovation projects
5. Consultation activities with external experts or internal workgroups to devise new ways to organize business activities within the business
6. Activities related to the development and implementation of new marketing methods
7. Market preparation activities directly linked to the introduction of new goods or services
8. Other innovation activities

Q25. In this business's fiscal year ending in 2017, what were this business's expenditures on the following innovation activities?

If exact figures are not available, please provide your best estimate.

If expenditure details are not available for each innovation activity, please enter the total expenditure for all innovation activities.

If 'Yes' was selected for any of question 24 a. to h. complete question 25.

Expenditures, CAN$ '000

1. Research and experimental development, both in-house and outsourced (contracted out or granted), to other organizations
2. Acquisition or development of advanced technology including machinery and equipment, facilities, software and intellectual property to realize innovation projects
3. Design activities related, both in-house and outsourced (contracted out or granted), to other organizations
4. Employee training specifically for innovation projects
5. Consultation activities with external experts or internal workgroups to devise new ways to organize business activities within the business
6. Activities related to the development and implementation of new marketing methods
7. Market preparation activities directly linked to the introduction of new goods or services
8. Other innovation activities

Total expenditures for innovation activities

Q26. In this business's fiscal year ending in 2017, please estimate the percentage of this business's innovation expenditures attributable to the development or introduction of each of the four types of innovation.

If percentage is null please indicate "0".

Please complete only if expenditures were reported in question 25.

1. New or significantly improved goods or services
2. New marketing strategies, concepts or significant design changes
3. New or significantly improved processes
4. New organizational methods or practices

Total (100%)

Co-operation for innovation

Q27. During the three years 2015 to 2017, did this business co-operate on any innovation activities with other businesses or organizations?

Active co-operation is participation with other businesses or organizations on innovation activities. Both partners do not need to commercially benefit.

Exclude outsourcing or contracting or granting out work.

During the three years 2015 to 2017 refers to the calendar years, January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017.

• Yes
• No Go to question 31

Q28. During the three years 2015 to 2017, please indicate the type of innovation co-operation partner.

Exclude outsourcing or contracting or granting out of work with no active co-operation.

Note: Refers to innovation co-operation partners during the three years 2015 to 2017.

Check all that apply.

• Parent, affiliated or subsidiary businesses
• Suppliers of equipment, materials, components or software
• Clients or customers from the private sector
• Clients or customers from the public sector
• Competitors or other businesses in the sector
• Consultants and commercial laboratories
• Universities, colleges or other higher education institutions
• Government, public or private research institutes
• Other co-operation partners

Q29. During the three years 2015 to 2017, please indicate the location of these co-operation partners.

Note: Refers to innovation co-operation partners during the three years 2015 to 2017.

Check all that apply for those co-operation partners selected in question 28.

Response options

• Canada
• United States of America
• Rest of the world

• Parent, affiliated or subsidiary businesses
• Suppliers of equipment, materials, components or software
• Clients or customers from the private sector
• Clients or customers from the public sector
• Competitors or other businesses in the sector
• Consultants and commercial laboratories
• Universities, colleges or other higher education institutions
• Government, public or private research institutes
• Other co-operation partners

Q30. During the three years 2015 to 2017, which type of co-operation partner was the most critical to this business's innovation activities?

Note: Refers to innovation co-operation partners during the three years 2015 to 2017.

If only one check box was selected for question 28, then go to question 31.

• Parent, affiliated or subsidiary businesses
• Suppliers of equipment, materials, components or software
• Clients or customers from the private sector
• Clients or customers from the public sector
• Competitors or other businesses in the sector
• Consultants and commercial laboratories
• Universities, colleges or other higher education institutions
• Government, public or private research institutes
• Other co-operation partners

Innovation with environmental benefits

Q31. During the three years 2015 to 2017, did this business introduce an innovation with any of the following environmental benefits?

Include innovations introduced where environmental benefits were either intentional or incidental.
During the three years 2015 to 2017 refers to the calendar years, January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017.

If 'Yes' was selected for any of question 17 a. to l. complete question 31.

Response options:

• Yes
• No

Benefits from production through efficient use of resources

1. Improved resource efficiency through reduced material use per unit of output
2. Improved resource efficiency through reduced energy use per unit of output
3. Improved resource efficiency by replacing material with less greenhouse gas intensive alternatives
4. Reduced consumption of resources through recycling (water, waste or material)
5. Renewable fuels: ethanol, biodiesel, biogas, biochar, hydrogen

Benefits related to increased environmental protection activities

6. Reduced air, water, soil or noise pollution
7. Reduced greenhouse gas emissions

Benefits related to end user/consumer

8. Reduced energy use or increased energy efficiency for the consumer or end user
9. Reduced material use or increased recycling for the consumer or end user
10. Reduced air, water, soil or noise pollution for the consumer or end user
11. Reduced greenhouse gas emissions for the consumer or end user
    e.g., carbon capture and storage, carbon capture and utilization, carbon removal, clean coal processing

Q32. During the three years 2015 to 2017, were any of the innovations with environmental benefits new to one of this business's markets?
Note: Refers to innovations implemented during the three years 2015 to 2017.

Complete the lines in question 32 that correspond with 'Yes' in question 31.

Response options:

• Yes
• No

Benefits from production through efficient use of resources

1. Improved resource efficiency through reduced material use per unit of output
2. Improved resource efficiency through reduced energy use per unit of output
3. Improved resource efficiency by replacing material with less greenhouse gas intensive alternatives
4. Reduced consumption of resources through recycling (water, waste or material)
5. Renewable fuels: ethanol, biodiesel, biogas, biochar, hydrogen

Benefits related to increased environmental protection activities

6. Reduced air, water, soil or noise pollution
7. Reduced greenhouse gas emissions

Benefits related to end user/consumer

8. Reduced energy use or increased energy efficiency for the consumer or end user
9. Reduced material use or increased recycling for the consumer or end user
10. Reduced air, water, soil or noise pollution for the consumer or end user
11. Reduced greenhouse gas emissions for the consumer or end user
    e.g., carbon capture and storage, carbon capture and utilization, carbon removal, clean coal processing

Use of government support programs for innovation-related activities

Q33. During the three years 2015 to 2017, did this business use any of the following types of government programs (federal, provincial, territorial, municipal or indigenous) to aid innovation-related activities?
During the three years 2015 to 2017 refers to the calendar years, January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017.

Response options:

• Yes
• No

1. Government tax incentive or tax credit programs
   Include programs intended to support innovation activities such as research and development or capital expenditures
2. Government grants and contributions programs
   Include programs intended to support innovation activities such as research and development, business development or commercialization of intellectual property.
3. Government training and hiring programs
   Include programs intended to support innovation activities such as hiring and training of researchers, interns or other personnel.
4. Government procurement
   Include programs intended to support innovation activities such as the procurement of new or significantly improved products and processes or new marketing or organizational practices or methods.
5. Other government programs
   Include programs and activities not included elsewhere such as access to facilities, export incentives, technical assistance, market information or loans.

Q34. During the three years 2015 to 2017, which type of government program did this business find was the most critical for its innovation activities?
Note: Refers to innovations implemented during the three years 2015 to 2017.

If 'Yes' was selected only once or not at all for question 33, then go to question 35.

• Government tax incentive or tax credit programs
• Government grants and contributions programs
• Government training and hiring programs
• Government procurement
• Other government programs

Obstacles

Q35. In 2017, did this business face any obstacles to innovation resulting from any of the following?
In 2017 refers to the calendar year, January 1 to December 31, 2017.

Response options:

• Yes
• No

1. Market size
2. External financing
3. Internal financing
4. Lack of skills
5. Finding and reaching agreements with external collaborators
6. Uncertainty and risk
7. Regulatory or government competition policy
8. Intellectual property protection
9. Other obstacles to innovation

If 'No' was selected for all of question 35, go to question 39.

Complete the lines in question 36 that correspond with 'Yes' in question 35.

Q36. In 2017, were measures taken to overcome obstacles to innovation?
In 2017 refers to the calendar year, January 1 to December 31, 2017.

Response options:

• Yes
• No

1. Market size
2. External financing
3. Internal financing
4. Lack of skills
5. Finding and reaching agreements with external collaborators
6. Uncertainty and risk
7. Regulatory or government competition policy
8. Intellectual property protection
9. Measures were taken to overcome other obstacles to innovation

If 'No' was selected for all of question 36, go to question 39.

Q37. In 2017, were these measures successful in mitigating obstacles to innovation?
In 2017 refers to the calendar year, January 1 to December 31, 2017.

Complete the lines in question 37 that correspond with 'Yes' in question 36.

Response options:

• Yes
• No

1. Market size
2. External financing
3. Internal financing
4. Lack of skills
5. Finding and reaching agreements with external collaborators
6. Uncertainty and risk
7. Regulatory or government competition policy
8. Intellectual property protection
9. Measures were successful in mitigating other obstacles to innovation

Q38. In 2017, were any government programs used to overcome obstacles to innovation?
In 2017 refers to the calendar year, January 1 to December 31, 2017.

Response options:

• Yes
• No

1. Market size
2. External financing
3. Internal financing
4. Lack of skills
5. Finding and reaching agreements with external collaborators
6. Uncertainty and risk
7. Regulatory or government competition policy
8. Intellectual property protection
9. Government programs were used to overcome other obstacles to innovation

Advanced technology use

Q39. In 2017, did this business use any of the following types of advanced or emerging technologies?
In 2017 refers to the calendar year, January 1 to December 31, 2017.

Response options:

• Yes
• No

Advanced technologies

1. Material handling, supply chain or logistics technologies
2. Design or information control technologies
3. Processing or fabrication technologies
4. Clean technologies
   Note: Clean technology refers to any goods or services that reduce environmental impacts through environmental protection activities or through the substantial use of natural resources.
5. Security or advanced authentication systems
6. Business intelligence technologies
   e.g., cloud-based computing systems and big data analytic tools
7. Other types of advanced technologies

Emerging technologies

8. Nanotechnology
9. Biotechnology
10. Geomatics or geospatial technologies
11. Artificial intelligence (AI)
12. Integrated Internet of Things (IoT) systems
    Include systems where devices and objects have communication connectivity.
13. Blockchain technologies
    e.g., crypto-currency, distributed ledgers, secure value exchange protocols, smart contracts
14. Other types of emerging technologies

If 'No' was selected for all of question 39, complete question 40.

Q40. In 2017, why did this business not adopt or use advanced technologies?
In 2017 refers to the calendar year, January 1 to December 31, 2017.

Check all that apply.

• Not convinced of economic benefit
• Difficulty in obtaining financing
• High cost of advanced technologies
• Investment not necessary for continuing operations
• Lack of technical skills required to support this type of investment
• Organizational culture too inflexible
• Decisions made by parent, affiliates or subsidiary businesses
• Lack of technical support or services (from consultants or vendors)
• Lack of information regarding advanced technology
• Difficulty in integrating new advanced technologies with existing systems, standards and processes
• Other reasons for not adopting or using advanced technologies
• Not applicable to this business's activities

If 'Yes' was selected for question 39 d. complete question 41.

Q41. In 2017, were any of these clean technologies used by this business related to the following?
In 2017 refers to the calendar year, January 1 to December 31, 2017.

Check all that apply.

Environmental protection

• Air and environment protection or remediation
• Waste management, reduction or recycling
• Water or wastewater treatment

Sustainable resource management

• Alternative fuels
• Non-emitting energy supply
  e.g., solar, wind, hydro, nuclear
• Bio-products
• Smart grid
• Energy storage
• Energy management and efficiency improvements
• Water management or recycling
• Agriculture, aquaculture, forestry or biodiversity improvements
• Sustainable mining

Adapted goods

• Energy efficient transportation
• Energy efficient equipment or appliances
• Advanced or lightweight materials

Business practices

Q42. In 2017, did this business regularly use any of the following business practices?
In 2017 refers to the calendar year, January 1 to December 31, 2017.

Check all that apply.

Product development and control management practices

• Concurrent engineering (simultaneous design)
• Cross-functional design teams
• Electronic work order management
• Distribution resource planning (DRP)

Quality management practices

• Continuous improvement (including total quality management (TQM))
• Business certification or certification renewals
• Quality management system (QMS)

Other business practices

• Competitive technological intelligence (CTI) or benchmarking
• Sustainable development strategy or environmental stewardship plan (ESP)
• Product data management (PDM)
• Life cycle management (LCM)

Imports and exports

Q43. In 2017, did this business import goods or services from a business operating outside Canada?
In 2017 refers to the calendar year, January 1 to December 31, 2017.

• Yes
  • 2017, how were these imported goods or services used by this business?
    Check all that apply.
    • Resold "as-is" in Canada
    • Used in production of other goods or services in Canada (intermediary goods or services)
    • Used to support business activities in Canada
• No

Q44. In 2017, did this business export goods or services outside of Canada?
In 2017 refers to the calendar year, January 1 to December 31, 2017.

• Yes
  • In 2017, did this business attempt to export goods or services to any additional market outside Canada, but was not successful?
    • Yes
    • No
  • In 2017, did this business attempt to export any additional goods or services outside of Canada, but was not successful?
    • Yes
    • No
• No
  • In 2017, did this business attempt to export goods or services to any market outside Canada, but was not successful?
    • Yes
    • No Do not answer question 47

Q45. In 2017, did this business sell goods or services to another business operating in Canada that were then exported "as-is"?
In 2017 refers to the calendar year, January 1 to December 31, 2017.

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

Q46. In 2017, did this business sell goods or services to another business operating in Canada that used the goods as intermediate inputs in a final good that was then exported?
In 2017 refers to the calendar year, January 1 to December 31, 2017.

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

Obstacles to exports

Q47. In 2017, how difficult were the following obstacles to exporting or attempting to export goods or services?
In 2017 refers to the calendar year, January 1 to December 31, 2017.

Response options:

• Not at all difficult
• Somewhat difficult
• Difficult
• Very difficult
• Not applicable

Administrative obstacles and resource limitations

1. Canadian legal or administrative obstacles
2. Foreign legal or administrative obstacles
3. Foreign tariffs or trade barriers
4. Concerns over intellectual property (IP) protection
5. Access to financing
6. Lack of internal resources or capacity
7. Lack of management know-how

External barriers

8. Efficiency, capacity or reliability of transportation infrastructures
9. Shipping costs

Market obstacles

10. Identifying foreign customers
11. Obtaining knowledge on markets of interest
12. Identifying foreign partners, suppliers or distributers
13. Uncertainty of foreign or international standards
14. Receiving payments from foreign customer

Other obstacles

15. All other obstacles to exporting or attempting to export

Purchased goods or services

Q48. In this business's fiscal year ending in 2017, did this business purchase any of the following goods or services?

Response options:

• Yes
• No
• Not applicable

Goods

1. Goods for use as intermediate input for domestic production
2. Goods for resale "as-is"

Services

3. Distribution and logistics services
4. Call and help center services
5. Marketing and sales services
6. Information and communication technology (ICT) services
   Include software development, data processing or other.
7. Professional services
   Include finance, accounting, human resources, legal or other.
8. Engineering and research and development (R&D) services

Other goods or services

9. Other types of goods or services purchased

If 'No' was selected for all of question 48, then go to question 53.

Q49. In this business's fiscal year ending in 2017, what was the total value of the goods or services purchased?

Complete the lines in question 49 that correspond with 'Yes' in question 48.

Total value of goods or services purchased in CAN$ '000

Goods

1. Goods for use as intermediate input for domestic production
2. Goods for resale "as-is"

Services

3. Distribution and logistics services
4. Call and help center services
5. Marketing and sales services
6. Information and communication technology (ICT) services
   Include software development, data processing or other.
7. Professional services
   Include finance, accounting, human resources, legal or other.
8. Engineering and research and development (R&D) services

Other goods or services

9. Other types of goods or services purchased

Q50. In this business's fiscal year ending in 2017, did this business purchase goods or services from outside Canada from an unaffiliated foreign business?

Exclude parent, affiliated or subsidiary businesses.

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

Q51. In this business's fiscal year ending in 2017, what proportions of goods or services were purchased from Canadian and foreign sources?

Complete the lines in question 51 that correspond with 'Yes' in question 48.

Do not report Foreign unaffiliated if you selected 'No' for question 50.

Goods

1. Goods produced for use as intermediate input for domestic production
   • Canadian sources
   • Foreign affiliates
   • Foreign unaffiliated
   • Total (100%)
2. Goods produced for resale "as-is"
   • Canadian sources
   • Foreign affiliates
   • Foreign unaffiliated
   • Total (100%)

Services

3. Distribution and logistics services
   • Canadian sources
   • Foreign affiliates
   • Foreign unaffiliated
   • Total (100%)
4. Call and help center services
   • Canadian sources
   • Foreign affiliates
   • Foreign unaffiliated
   • Total (100%)
5. Marketing and sales service desk
   • Canadian sources
   • Foreign affiliates
   • Foreign unaffiliated
   • Total (100%)
6. Information and communication technology (ICT) services
   Include software development, data processing or other.
   • Canadian sources
   • Foreign affiliates
   • Foreign unaffiliated
   • Total (100%)
7. Professional services
   Include finance, accounting, human resources, legal or other.
   • Canadian sources
   • Foreign affiliates
   • Foreign unaffiliated
   • Total (100%)
8. Engineering and research and development (R&D) services
   • Canadian sources
   • Foreign affiliates
   • Foreign unaffiliated
   • Total (100%)

Other goods or services

9. Other types of goods or services
   • Canadian sources
   • Foreign affiliates
   • Foreign unaffiliated
   • Total (100%)

Purchased goods or services - unaffiliated foreign businesses

If 'Yes' was selected for question 50, complete question 52.

Q52. In this business's fiscal year ending in 2017, how important were the following reasons for purchasing goods or services from an unaffiliated (other foreign) business outside of Canada?

Response options:

• Not at all important
• Somewhat important
• Important
• Very important
• Not applicable

1. Reduce labour costs
2. Reduce costs other than labour costs
3. Better quality goods or services
4. No suppliers available in Canada
5. Reduce delivery times
6. Increase access to supply chains or regional trade networks
7. Access to specialized knowledge or technologies
8. Tax or other financial incentives
9. Lack of available labour in Canada
10. Other reasons for purchasing goods or services from an unaffiliated business outside of Canada

Business structure and ownership

Q53. In 2017, was this business an affiliate of a foreign parent?
In 2017 refers to the calendar year, January 1 to December 31, 2017.

• Yes
  • In 2017, where was this business's parent company located?
    • United States of America
    • Mexico
    • Other Latin America and Caribbean countries (LAC)
    • Europe
    • China
    • Other Asian countries
    • All other countries
• No

Q54. In 2017, did this business have affiliates abroad?
In 2017 refers to the calendar year, January 1 to December 31, 2017.

• Yes
• No Go to question 56

Q55. In this business's fiscal year ending in 2017, what was the approximate number of personnel employed outside of Canada by this business?

Full-time equivalent (FTE) is the ratio of total hours worked within the calendar year on an activity by all employees divided by the total hours conventionally worked in the calendar year by a full-time employee.

1. United States of America
2. Mexico
3. Other Latin America and Caribbean countries (LAC)
4. Europe
5. China
6. Other Asian countries
7. All other countries

Employment in Canada and abroad

Q56. In this business's fiscal year ending in 2017, what was the approximate number of personnel employed by this business in the following activities within Canada and outside Canada?

Full-time equivalent (FTE) is the ratio of total hours worked within the calendar year on an activity by all employees divided by the total hours conventionally worked in the calendar year by a full-time employee.

Do not report Outside Canada number of FTE personnel if you selected 'No' for question 54.

1. Production of goods
   Include manufacturing, assembly, resource extraction and all positions related to maintaining production equipment.
   • In Canada number of FTE personnel
   • Outside Canada number of FTE personnel
2. Distribution and logistics
   • In Canada number of FTE personnel
   • Outside Canada number of FTE personnel
3. Call and help centers
   • In Canada number of FTE personnel
   • Outside Canada number of FTE personnel
4. Marketing and sales services
   • In Canada number of FTE personnel
   • Outside Canada number of FTE personnel
5. Information and communication technology (ICT) services
   Include software development, data processing or other.
   • In Canada number of FTE personnel
   • Outside Canada number of FTE personnel
6. Professional services
   Include finance, accounting, human resources, legal or other.
   • In Canada number of FTE personnel
   • Outside Canada number of FTE personnel
7. Engineering and research and development (R&D) service
   • In Canada number of FTE personnel
   • Outside Canada number of FTE personnel
8. General management
   • In Canada number of FTE personnel
   • Outside Canada number of FTE personnel
9. All other business activities
   • In Canada number of FTE personnel
   • Outside Canada number of FTE personnel

Total

• In Canada number of FTE personnel
• Outside Canada number of FTE personnel

If only the column 'In Canada' was reported, then go to question 59.

Q57. In this business's fiscal year ending in 2017, what was the approximate number of personnel employed by this business in the following activities outside Canada?

Core business activities are activities of an enterprise yielding income: the production of final goods or services intended for the market or for third parties. Usually the core business functions make up the primary activity of the enterprise.

Support business activities are ancillary (supporting) activities carried out by the enterprise in order to permit or to facilitate the core business functions, its production activity. The outputs are not themselves intended directly for the market or for third parties.

Complete the lines in question 57 that correspond with reported values for "Outside Canada" in question 56.

1. Production of goods
   Include manufacturing, assembly, resource extraction and all positions related to maintaining production equipment.
   • Core activities number of FTE personnel
   • Support activities number of FTE personnel
2. Distribution and logistics
   • Core activities number of FTE personnel
   • Support activities number of FTE personnel
3. Call and help centers
   • Core activities number of FTE personnel
   • Support activities number of FTE personnel
4. Marketing and sales services
   • Core activities number of FTE personnel
   • Support activities number of FTE personnel
5. Information and communication technology (ICT) services
   Include software development, data processing or other.
   • Core activities number of FTE personnel
   • Support activities number of FTE personnel
6. Professional services
   Include finance, accounting, human resources, legal or other.
   • Core activities number of FTE personnel
   • Support activities number of FTE personnel
7. Engineering and research and development (R&D) service
   • Core activities number of FTE personnel
   • Support activities number of FTE personnel
8. General management
   • Core activities number of FTE personnel
   • Support activities number of FTE personnel
9. All other business activities
   • Core activities number of FTE personnel
   • Support activities number of FTE personnel

Total

• Core activities number of FTE personnel
• Support activities number of FTE personnel

Q58. In this business's fiscal year ending in 2017, how important were the following reasons for this business in employing personnel outside of Canada?

Response options:

• Not at all important
• Somewhat important
• Important
• Very important
• Not applicable

1. Reduce labour costs
2. Reduce costs other than labour costs
3. Access to new markets
4. Increase access to supply chains or regional trade networks
5. Increase sales
6. Proximity to important customers
7. Access to specialized knowledge or technologies
8. Tax or other financial incentives
9. Improve logistics
10. Lack of available labour in Canada
11. Other reasons for employing personnel outside of Canada

Locating activities into Canada

Q59. During the three years 2015 to 2017, did this business move activities from outside of Canada into Canada?
Include activities brought into Canada by switching from a foreign supplier to a Canadian supplier, by switching from foreign manufacturing or services providers to Canadian manufacturing or services providers or other.

During the three years 2015 to 2017 refers to the calendar years, January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017.

• Yes
• No Go to question 62

Q60. During the three years 2015 to 2017, were any of the following activities moved to Canada?
During the three years 2015 to 2017 refers to the calendar years, January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017.

Response options:

• Yes
• No

1. Production of goods
   Include manufacturing, assembly, resource extraction and all positions related to maintaining production equipment.
2. Distribution and logistics
3. Call and help centers
4. Marketing and sales services
5. Information and communication technology (ICT) services
   Include software development, data processing or other.
6. Professional services
   Include finance, accounting, human resources, legal or other.
7. Engineering and research and development (R&D) service
8. General management
9. All other business activities

Q61. During the three years 2015 to 2017, how important were the following reasons for bringing the previous activities to Canada?
Note: Refers to activities moved to Canada during the three years 2015 to 2017.

Response options:

• Not at all important
• Somewhat important
• Important
• Very important
• Not applicable

Only complete for the activities in question 61 that correspond with 'Yes' in question 60.

Production of goods

1. Cost savings from locating abroad did not materialize (lower operating costs)
2. Labour costs abroad have risen (lower labour costs in Canada)
3. Better quality of labour or resources in Canada
4. Lower Canadian dollar
5. Consolidating number of suppliers
6. Tax or other financial incentives
7. Concerns about intellectual property
   Include patents, trademarks, copyrights or other intellectual property.
8. Proximity to customers or other logistical issues
9. Other reasons related to production of goods

Distribution and logistics services

10. Cost savings from locating abroad did not materialize (lower operating costs)
11. Labour costs abroad have risen (lower labour costs in Canada)
12. Better quality of labour or resources in Canada
13. Lower Canadian dollar
14. Consolidating number of suppliers
15. Tax or other financial incentives
16. Concerns about intellectual property
    Include patents, trademarks, copyrights or other intellectual property.
17. Proximity to customers or other logistical issues
18. Other reasons related to production of goods

Call and help center services

19. Cost savings from locating abroad did not materialize (lower operating costs)
20. Labour costs abroad have risen (lower labour costs in Canada)
21. Better quality of labour or resources in Canada
22. Lower Canadian dollar
23. Consolidating number of suppliers
24. Tax or other financial incentives
25. Concerns about intellectual property
    Include patents, trademarks, copyrights or other intellectual property.
26. Proximity to customers or other logistical issues
27. Other reasons related to production of goods

Marketing and sale services

28. Cost savings from locating abroad did not materialize (lower operating costs)
29. Labour costs abroad have risen (lower labour costs in Canada)
30. Better quality of labour or resources in Canada
31. Lower Canadian dollar
32. Consolidating number of suppliers
33. Tax or other financial incentives
34. Concerns about intellectual property
    Include patents, trademarks, copyrights or other intellectual property.
35. Proximity to customers or other logistical issues
36. Other reasons related to production of goods

Information and communication technology (ICT) services

37. Cost savings from locating abroad did not materialize (lower operating costs)
38. Labour costs abroad have risen (lower labour costs in Canada)
39. Better quality of labour or resources in Canada
40. Lower Canadian dollar
41. Consolidating number of suppliers
42. Tax or other financial incentives
43. Concerns about intellectual property
    Include patents, trademarks, copyrights or other intellectual property.
44. Proximity to customers or other logistical issues
45. Other reasons related to production of goods

Professional services

46. Cost savings from locating abroad did not materialize (lower operating costs)
47. Labour costs abroad have risen (lower labour costs in Canada)
48. Better quality of labour or resources in Canada
49. Lower Canadian dollar
50. Consolidating number of suppliers
51. Tax or other financial incentives
52. Concerns about intellectual property
    Include patents, trademarks, copyrights or other intellectual property.
53. Proximity to customers or other logistical issues
54. Other reasons related to production of goods

Engineering and research and development (R&D) services

55. Cost savings from locating abroad did not materialize (lower operating costs)
56. Labour costs abroad have risen (lower labour costs in Canada)
57. Better quality of labour or resources in Canada
58. Lower Canadian dollar
59. Consolidating number of suppliers
60. Tax or other financial incentives
61. Concerns about intellectual property
    Include patents, trademarks, copyrights or other intellectual property.
62. Proximity to customers or other logistical issues
63. Other reasons related to production of goods

General management services

64. Cost savings from locating abroad did not materialize (lower operating costs)
65. Labour costs abroad have risen (lower labour costs in Canada)
66. Better quality of labour or resources in Canada
67. Lower Canadian dollar
68. Consolidating number of suppliers
69. Tax or other financial incentives
70. Concerns about intellectual property
    Include patents, trademarks, copyrights or other intellectual property.
71. Proximity to customers or other logistical issues
72. Other reasons related to production of goods

All other business activities

73. Cost savings from locating abroad did not materialize (lower operating costs)
74. Labour costs abroad have risen (lower labour costs in Canada)
75. Better quality of labour or resources in Canada
76. Lower Canadian dollar
77. Consolidating number of suppliers
78. Tax or other financial incentives
79. Concerns about intellectual property
    Include patents, trademarks, copyrights or other intellectual property.
80. Proximity to customers or other logistical issues
81. Other reasons related to production of goods

Sales

Q62. In this business's fiscal year ending in 2017, what was the value of this business's total sales?
Include domestic sales and sales made to other countries.

If exact figures are not available, provide your best estimate

• Total sales, 2017
  CAN$ '000

Q63. In this business's fiscal year ending in 2017, what percentage of this business's sales were made in the following markets?
If percentage is null please indicate "0".

1. Canada
2. United States of America
3. Mexico
4. Other Latin America and Caribbean countries (LAC)
5. Europe
6. China
7. Other Asian countries
8. All other countries

Total

If '0' was indicated for all of question 63, then go to question 66.

Complete the lines in question 64 that correspond with reported values in question 63.

Q64. In this business's fiscal year ending in 2017, what percentage of this business's sales to each market were goods rather than services?
If percentage is null please indicate "0".

1. Canada
   • Goods percentage
   • Services percentage
   • Total (100%)
2. United States of America
   • Goods percentage
   • Services percentage
   • Total (100%)
3. Mexico
   • Goods percentage
   • Services percentage
   • Total (100%)
4. Other Latin America and Caribbean countries (LAC)
   • Goods percentage
   • Services percentage
   • Total (100%)
5. Europe
   • Goods percentage
   • Services percentage
   • Total (100%)
6. China
   • Goods percentage
   • Services percentage
   • Total (100%)
7. Other Asian countries
   • Goods percentage
   • Services percentage
   • Total (100%)
8. All other countries
   • Goods percentage
   • Services percentage
   • Total (100%)

If 'Yes' was selected for question 54, complete question 65.

Q65. In this business's fiscal year ending in 2017, what percentage of this business's international sales were made through exports rather than sales by this business's foreign affiliates?
If percentage is null please indicate "0".

1. United States of America
   • Exports percentage
   • Foreign affiliate sales percentage
   • Total (100%)
2. Mexico
   • Exports percentage
   • Foreign affiliate sales percentage
   • Total (100%)
3. Other Latin America and Caribbean countries (LAC)
   • Exports percentage
   • Foreign affiliate sales percentage
   • Total (100%)
4. Europe
   • Exports percentage
   • Foreign affiliate sales percentage
   • Total (100%)
5. China
   • Exports percentage
   • Foreign affiliate sales percentage
   • Total (100%)
6. Other Asian countries
   • Exports percentage
   • Foreign affiliate sales percentage
   • Total (100%)
7. All other countries
   • Exports percentage
   • Foreign affiliate sales percentage
   • Total (100%)

Comments and feedback

Q66. How many people were consulted for the completion of this questionnaire?

• Number of people

Q67. What is business's website address?

• Website address, Example: www.example.gc.ca

Contact person

Q1. Statistics Canada may need to contact the person who completed this questionnaire for further information.

If the contact person is the same as on cover page, please check Go to "Feedback"

Otherwise, who is the best person to contact about this questionnaire?

• First name
• Last name
• Title
• Email address, Example: user@example.gov.ca
• Telephone number (including area code), Example: 123-123-1234
  • Extension number (if applicable)
• Fax number (including area code), Example: 123-123-1234

Feedback

Q2. How long did it take to complete this questionnaire?

Include the time spent gathering the necessary information.

• Hours
• Minutes

Q3. We invite your comments about this questionnaire.

General information

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Your answers are confidential. By law, Statistics Canada is prohibited from releasing any information it collects that could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent, or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes only.

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For this survey, there are Section 12 agreements with the statistical agencies of Prince Edward Island, Northwest Territories and Nunavut.

For agreements with provincial and territorial government organizations, the shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory. This text is in accordance with the standard text for Section 11 and 12 Data Sharing Agreements for Business Surveys, specific to paper questionnaires.

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