Objectives, uses and users
Concepts, variables and classifications
Coverage and frames
Sampling
Questionnaire design
Response and nonresponse
Data collection and capture operations
Editing
Imputation
Estimation
Revisions and seasonal adjustment
Data quality evaluation
Disclosure control

1. Objectives, uses and users

1.1. Objective

The Monthly Retail Trade Survey (MRTS) provides information on the performance of the retail trade sector on a monthly basis, and when combined with other statistics, represents an important indicator of the state of the Canadian economy.

1.2. Uses

The estimates provide a measure of the health and performance of the retail trade sector. Information collected is used to estimate level and monthly trend for retail sales. At the end of each year, the estimates provide a preliminary look at annual retail sales and performance.

1.3. Users

A variety of organizations, sector associations, and levels of government make use of the information. Retailers rely on the survey results to compare their performance against similar types of businesses, as well as for marketing purposes. Retail associations are able to monitor industry performance and promote their retail industries. Investors can monitor industry growth, which can result in better access to investment capital by retailers. Governments are able to understand the role of retailers in the economy, which aids in the development of policies and tax incentives. As an important industry in the Canadian economy, governments are able to better determine the overall health of the economy through the use of the estimates in the calculation of the nation’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

2. Concepts, variables and classifications

2.1. Concepts

The retail trade sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing merchandise, generally without transformation, and rendering services incidental to the sale of merchandise.

The retailing process is the final step in the distribution of merchandise; retailers are therefore organized to sell merchandise in small quantities to the general public. This sector comprises two main types of retailers, that is, store and non-store retailers. The MRTS covers only store retailers. Their main characteristics are described below. Store retailers operate fixed point-of-sale locations, located and designed to attract a high volume of walk-in customers. In general, retail stores have extensive displays of merchandise and use mass-media advertising to attract customers. They typically sell merchandise to the general public for personal or household consumption, but some also serve business and institutional clients. These include establishments such as office supplies stores, computer and software stores, gasoline stations, building material dealers, plumbing supplies stores and electrical supplies stores.

In addition to selling merchandise, some types of store retailers are also engaged in the provision of after-sales services, such as repair and installation. For example, new automobile dealers, electronic and appliance stores and musical instrument and supplies stores often provide repair services, while floor covering stores and window treatment stores often provide installation services. As a general rule, establishments engaged in retailing merchandise and providing after sales services are classified in this sector. Catalogue sales showrooms, gasoline service stations, and mobile home dealers are treated as store retailers.

2.2. Variables

Sales are defined as the sales of all goods purchased for resale, net of returns and discounts. This includes commission revenue and fees earned from selling goods and services on account of others, such as selling lottery tickets, bus tickets, and phone cards. It also includes parts and labour revenue from repair and maintenance; revenue from rental and leasing of goods and equipment; revenues from services, including food services; sales of goods manufactured as a secondary activity; and the proprietor’s withdrawals, at retail, of goods for personal use. Other revenue from rental of real estate, placement fees, operating subsidies, grants, royalties and franchise fees are excluded.

Trading Location is the physical location(s) in which business activity is conducted in each province and territory, and for which sales are credited or recognized in the financial records of the company. For retailers, this would normally be a store.

Constant Dollars: The value of retail trade is measured in two ways; including the effects of price change on sales and net of the effects of price change. The first measure is referred to as retail trade in current dollars and the latter as retail trade in constant dollars. The method of calculating the current dollar estimate is to aggregate the weighted value of sales for all retail outlets. The method of calculating the constant dollar estimate is to first adjust the sales values to a base year, using the Consumer Price Index, and then sum up the resulting values.

2.3. Classification

The Monthly Retail Trade Survey is based on the definition of retail trade under the NAICS (North American Industry Classification System). NAICS is the agreed upon common framework for the production of comparable statistics by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. The agreement defines the boundaries of twenty sectors. NAICS is based on a production-oriented, or supply based conceptual framework in that establishments are groups into industries according to similarity in production processes used to produce goods and services.

Estimates appear for 21 industries based on special aggregations of the 2007 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) industries. The 21 industries are further aggregated to 11 sub-sectors.

Geographically, sales estimates are produced for Canada and each province and territory.

3. Coverage and frames

Statistics Canada’s Business Register ( BR) provides the frame for the Monthly Retail Trade Survey. The BR is a structured list of businesses engaged in the production of goods and services in Canada. It is a centrally maintained database containing detailed descriptions of most business entities operating within Canada. The BR includes all incorporated businesses, with or without employees. For unincorporated businesses, the BR includes all employers with businesses, and businesses with no employees with annual sales that have a Goods and Services Tax (GST) or annual revenue that declares individual taxes.  annual sales greater than $30,000 that have a Goods and Services Tax (GST) account (the BR does not include unincorporated businesses with no employees and with annual sales less than $30,000).

The businesses on the BR are represented by a hierarchical structure with four levels, with the statistical enterprise at the top, followed by the statistical company, the statistical establishment and the statistical location. An enterprise can be linked to one or more statistical companies, a statistical company can be linked to one or more statistical establishments, and a statistical establishment to one or more statistical locations.

The target population for the MRTS consists of all statistical establishments on the BR that are classified to the retail sector using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) (approximately 200,000 establishments). The NAICS code range for the retail sector is 441100 to 453999. A statistical establishment is the production entity or the smallest grouping of production entities which: produces a homogeneous set of goods or services; does not cross provincial boundaries; and provides data on the value of output, together with the cost of principal intermediate inputs used, along with the cost and quantity of labour used to produce the output. The production entity is the physical unit where the business operations are carried out. It must have a civic address and dedicated labour.

The exclusions to the target population are ancillary establishments (producers of services in support of the activity of producing goods and services for the market of more than one establishment within the enterprise, and serves as a cost centre or a discretionary expense centre for which data on all its costs including labour and depreciation can be reported by the business), future establishments, establishments with a missing or a zero gross business income (GBI) value on the BR and establishments in the following non-covered NAICS:

• 4541 (electronic shopping and mail-order houses)
• 4542 (vending machine operators)
• 45431 (fuel dealers)
• 45439 (other direct selling establishments)

4. Sampling

The MRTS sample consists of 10,000 groups of establishments (clusters) classified to the Retail Trade sector selected from the Statistics Canada Business Register. A cluster of establishments is defined as all establishments belonging to a statistical enterprise that are in the same industrial group and geographical region. The MRTS uses a stratified design with simple random sample selection in each stratum. The stratification is done by industry groups (the mainly, but not only four digit level NAICS), and the geographical regions consisting of the provinces and territories, as well as three provincial sub-regions. We further stratify the population by size.

The size measure is created using a combination of independent survey data and three administrative variables: the annual profiled revenue, the GST sales expressed on an annual basis, and the declared tax revenue (T1 or T2). The size strata consist of one take-all (census), at most, two take-some (partially sampled) strata, and one take-none (non-sampled) stratum. Take-none strata serve to reduce respondent burden by excluding the smaller businesses from the surveyed population. These businesses should represent at most ten percent of total sales. Instead of sending questionnaires to these businesses, the estimates are produced through the use of administrative data.

The sample was allocated optimally in order to reach target coefficients of variation at the national, provincial/territorial, industrial, and industrial groups by province/territory levels. The sample was also inflated to compensate for dead, non-responding, and misclassified units.

MRTS is a repeated survey with maximisation of monthly sample overlap. The sample is kept month after month, and every month new units are added (births) to the sample.  MRTS births, i.e., new clusters of establishment(s), are identified every month via the BR’s latest universe. They are stratified according to the same criteria as the initial population. A sample of these births is selected according to the sampling fraction of the stratum to which they belong and is added to the monthly sample. Deaths occur on a monthly basis. A death can be a cluster of establishment(s) that have ceased their activities (out-of-business) or whose major activities are no longer in retail trade (out-of-scope). The status of these businesses is updated on the BR using administrative sources and survey feedback, including feedback from the MRTS. Methods to treat dead units and misclassified units are part of the sample and population update procedures.

5. Questionnaire design

The Monthly Retail Trade Survey incorporates the following sub-surveys:

Monthly Retail Trade Survey - R8

Monthly Retail Trade Survey (with inventories) – R8

Survey of Sales and Inventories of Alcoholic Beverages

The questionnaires collect monthly data on retail sales and the number of trading locations by province or territory and inventories of goods owned and intended for resale from a sample of retailers. The items on the questionnaires have remained unchanged for several years. For the 2004 redesign, the general questionnaires were subject to cosmetic changes only. The questionnaire for Sales and Inventories of Alcoholic Beverages underwent more extensive changes. The modifications were discussed with stakeholders and the respondents were given an opportunity to comment before the new questionnaire was finalized. If further changes are needed to any of the questionnaires, proposed changes would go through a review committee and a field test with respondents and data users to ensure its relevancy.

6. Response and nonresponse

6.1. Response and non-response

Despite the best efforts of survey managers and operations staff to maximize response in the MRTS, some non-response will occur. For statistical establishments to be classified as responding, the degree of partial response (where an accurate response is obtained for only some of the questions asked a respondent) must meet a minimum threshold level below which the response would be rejected and considered a unit nonresponse.  In such an instance, the business is classified as not having responded at all.

Non-response has two effects on data: first it introduces bias in estimates when nonrespondents differ from respondents in the characteristics measured; and second, it contributes to an increase in the sampling variance of estimates because the effective sample size is reduced from that originally sought.

The degree to which efforts are made to get a response from a non-respondent is based on budget and time constraints, its impact on the overall quality and the risk of nonresponse bias.

The main method to reduce the impact of non-response at sampling is to inflate the sample size through the use of over-sampling rates that have been determined from similar surveys.

Besides the methods to reduce the impact of non-response at sampling and collection, the non-responses to the survey that do occur are treated through imputation. In order to measure the amount of non-response that occurs each month, various response rates are calculated. For a given reference month, the estimation process is run at least twice (a preliminary and a revised run). Between each run, respondent data can be identified as unusable and imputed values can be corrected through respondent data. As a consequence, response rates are computed following each run of the estimation process.

For the MRTS, two types of rates are calculated (un-weighted and weighted). In order to assess the efficiency of the collection process, un-weighted response rates are calculated. Weighted rates, using the estimation weight and the value for the variable of interest, assess the quality of estimation. Within each of these types of rates, there are distinct rates for units that are surveyed and for units that are only modeled from administrative data that has been extracted from GST files.

To get a better picture of the success of the collection process, two un-weighted rates called the ‘collection results rate’ and the ‘extraction results rate’ are computed. They are computed by dividing the number of respondents by the number of units that we tried to contact or tried to receive extracted data for them. Non-monthly reporters (respondents with special reporting arrangements where they do not report every month but for whom actual data is available in subsequent revisions) are excluded from both the numerator and denominator for the months where no contact is performed.

In summary, the various response rates are calculated as follows:

Weighted rates:

Survey Response rate (estimation) =
Sum of weighted sales of units with response status i / Sum of survey weighted sales

where i = units that have either reported data that will be used in estimation or are converted refusals, or have reported data that has not yet been resolved for estimation.

Admin Response rate (estimation) =
Sum of weighted sales of units with response status ii / Sum of administrative weighted sales

where ii = units that have data that was extracted from administrative files and are usable for estimation.

Total Response rate (estimation) =
Sum of weighted sales of units with response status i or response status ii / Sum of all weighted sales

Un-weighted rates:

Survey Response rate (collection) =
Number of questionnaires with response status iii/ Number of questionnaires with response status iv

where iii = units that have either reported data (unresolved, used or not used for estimation) or are converted refusals.

where iv = all of the above plus units that have refused to respond, units that were not contacted and other types of non-respondent units.

Admin Response rate (extraction) =
Number of questionnaires with response status vi/ Number of questionnaires with response status vii

where vi = in-scope units that have data (either usable or non-usable) that was extracted from administrative files

where vii = all of the above plus units that have refused to report to the administrative data source, units that were not contacted and other types of non-respondent units.

(% of questionnaire collected over all in-scope questionnaires)

Collection Results Rate =
Number of questionnaires with response status iii / Number of questionnaires with response status viii

where iii = same as iii defined above

where viii = same as iv except for the exclusion of units that were contacted because their response is unavailable for a particular month since they are non-monthly reporters.

Extraction Results Rate =
Number of questionnaires with response status ix / Number of questionnaires with response status vii

where ix = same as vi with the addition of extracted units that have been imputed or were out of scope

where vii = same as vii defined above

(% of questionnaires collected over all questionnaire in-scope we tried to collect)

All the above weighted and un-weighted rates are provided at the industrial group, geography and size group level or for any combination of these levels.

Use of Administrative Data

Managing response burden is an ongoing challenge for Statistics Canada. In an attempt to alleviate response burden and survey costs, especially for smaller businesses, the MRTS has reduced the number of simple establishments in the sample that are surveyed directly and instead derives sales data for these establishments from Goods and Service Tax (GST) files using a statistical model. The model accounts for differences between sales and revenue (reported for GST purposes) as well as for the time lag between the survey reference period and the reference period of the GST file.

For more information on the methodology used for modeling sales from administrative data sources, refer to ‘Monthly Retail Trade Survey: Use of Administrative Data’ under ‘Documentation’ of the IMDB.

Table 1 contains the weighted response rates for all industry groups as well as for total retail trade for each province and territory. For more detailed weighted response rates, please contact the Marketing and Dissemination Section at (613) 951-3549, toll free: 1-877-421-3067 or by e-mail at retailinfo@statcan.

6.2. Methods used to reduce non-response at collection

Significant effort is spent trying to minimize non-response during collection. Methods used, among others, are interviewer techniques such as probing and persuasion, repeated re-scheduling and call-backs to obtain the information, and procedures dealing with how to handle non-compliant (refusal) respondents.

If data are unavailable at the time of collection, a respondent's best estimates are also accepted, and are subsequently revised once the actual data become available.

To minimize total non-response for all variables, partial responses are accepted. In addition, questionnaires are customized for the collection of certain variables, such as inventory, so that collection is timed for those months when the data are available.

Finally, to build trust and rapport between the interviewers and respondents, cases are generally assigned to the same interviewer each month. This action establishes a personal relationship between interviewer and respondent, and builds respondent trust.

7. Data collection and capture operations

Collection of the data is performed by Statistics Canada’s Regional Offices.

Table 1
Weighted response rates by NAICS, for all provinces/territories: March 2012

	Weighted Response Rates
	Total	Survey	Administrative
NAICS - Canada
Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers	90.3	90.9	61.4
Automobile Dealers	91.5	91.9	52.6
New Car DealersNote 1	92.6	92.6
Used Car Dealers	74.5	78.1	52.6
Other Motor Vehicle Dealers	73.9	74.4	70.9
Automotive Parts, Accessories and Tire Stores	84.7	87.9	59
Furniture and Home Furnishings Stores	84.3	90.6	31.5
Furniture Stores	88.6	92	25.3
Home Furnishings Stores	77.1	87.7	34.3
Electronics and Appliance Stores	90.9	91.7	69.6
Building Material and Garden Equipment Dealers	87.4	91.8	45.9
Food and Beverage Stores	87.3	94.3	15
Grocery Stores	87.7	95.7	13.3
Grocery (except Convenience) Stores	89.7	97.4	13.4
Convenience Stores	59.7	69.1	12.5
Specialty Food Stores	67.8	76.9	28.2
Beer, Wine and Liquor Stores	90.3	92.3	18.3
Health and Personal Care Stores	89.3	91.5	65.4
Gasoline Stations	85	87.1	51.1
Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores	84.8	86.3	41.8
Clothing Stores	84.7	86.2	38.5
Shoe Stores	93.4	94.3	19.2
Jewellery, Luggage and Leather Goods Stores	75.8	77.6	55.8
Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book and Music Stores	86.4	91.7	42.8
General Merchandise Stores	97	97.7	23.5
Department Stores	100	100
Other general merchadise stores	94.4	95.6	23.5
Miscellaneous Store Retailers	79.9	85	33.9
Total	88.8	91.8	37.2
Regions
Newfoundland and Labrador	87	88.2	37.4
Prince Edward Island	90	90.9	25.7
Nova Scotia	93.3	94.9	48.4
New Brunswick	84.9	87.5	50.7
Québec	88.9	93.8	30.3
Ontario	89.3	92.2	36.8
Manitoba	86	86.8	24.3
Saskatchewan	89.6	91.7	31.2
Alberta	87.9	89.9	47.8
British Columbia	89.2	92	41.5
Yukon Territory	89.6	89.6
Northwest Territories	79	79
Nunavut	19.4	19.4
1 There are no administrative records used in new car dealers

Weighted Response Rates

Respondents are sent a questionnaire or are contacted by telephone to obtain their sales and inventory values, as well as to confirm the opening or closing of business trading locations. Collection of the data begins approximately 7 working days after the end of the reference month and continues for the duration of that month.

New entrants to the survey are introduced to the survey via an introductory letter that informs the respondent that a representative of Statistics Canada will be calling. This call is to introduce the respondent to the survey, confirm the respondent's business activity, establish and begin data collection, as well as to answer any questions that the respondent may have.

8. Editing

Data editing is the application of checks to detect missing, invalid or inconsistent entries or to point to data records that are potentially in error. In the survey process for the MRTS, data editing is done at two different time periods.

First of all, editing is done during data collection. Once data are collected via the telephone, or via the receipt of completed mail-in questionnaires, the data are captured using customized data capture applications. All data are subjected to data editing. Edits during data collection are referred to as field edits and generally consist of validity and some simple consistency edits. They are used to detect mistakes made during the interview by the respondent or the interviewer and to identify missing information during collection in order to reduce the need for follow-up later on. Another purpose of the field edits is to clean up responses. In the MRTS, the current month’s responses are edited against the respondent’s previous month’s responses and/or the previous year’s responses for the current month. Field edits are also used to identify problems with data collection procedures and the design of the questionnaire, as well as the need for more interviewer training.

Follow-up with respondents occurs to validate potential erroneous data following any failed preliminary edit check of the data. Once validated, the collected data is regularly transmitted to the head office in Ottawa.

Secondly, editing known as statistical editing is also done after data collection and this is more empirical in nature. Statistical editing is run prior to imputation in order to identify the data that will be used as a basis to impute non-respondents. Large outliers that could disrupt a monthly trend are excluded from trend calculations by the statistical edits. It should be noted that adjustments are not made at this stage to correct the reported outliers.

The first step in the statistical editing is to identify which responses will be subjected to the statistical edit rules. Reported data for the current reference month will go through various edit checks.

The first set of edit checks is based on the Hidiriglou-Berthelot method whereby a ratio of the respondent’s current month data over historical (last month, same month last year) or auxiliary data is analyzed. When the respondent’s ratio differs significantly from ratios of respondents who are similar in terms of industry and/or geography group, the response is deemed an outlier.

The second set of edits consists of an edit known as the share of market edit. With this method, one is able to edit all respondents, even those where historical and auxiliary data is unavailable. The method relies on current month data only. Therefore, within a group of respondents, that are similar in terms of industrial group and/or geography, if the weighted contribution of a respondent to the group’s total is too large, it will be flagged as an outlier.

For edit checks based on the Hidiriglou-Berthelot method, data that are flagged as an outlier will not be included in the imputation models (those based on ratios). Also, data that are flagged as outliers in the share of market edit will not be included in the imputation models where means and medians are calculated to impute for responses that have no historical responses.

In conjunction with the statistical editing after data collection of reported data, there is also error detection done on the extracted GST data. Modeled data based on the GST are also subject to an extensive series of processing steps which thoroughly verify each record that is the basis for the model as well as the record being modeled. Edits are performed at a more aggregate level (industry by geography level) to detect records which deviate from the expected range, either by exhibiting large month-to-month change, or differing significantly from the remaining units. All data which fail these edits are subject to manual inspection and possible corrective action.

9. Imputation

Imputation in the MRTS is the process used to assign replacement values for missing data. This is done by assigning values when they are missing on the record being edited to ensure that estimates are of high quality and that a plausible, internal consistency is created. Due to concerns of response burden, cost and timeliness, it is generally impossible to do all follow-ups with the respondents in order to resolve missing responses. Since it is desirable to produce a complete and consistent microdata file, imputation is used to handle the remaining missing cases.

In the MRTS, imputation is based on historical data or administrative data (GST sales). The appropriate method is selected according to a strategy that is based on whether historical data is available, auxiliary data is available and/or which reference month is being processed.

There are three types of historical imputation methods. The first type is a general trend that uses one historical data source (previous month, data from next month or data from same month previous year). The second type is a regression model where data from previous month and same month previous year are used simultaneously. The third type uses the historical data as a direct replacement value for a non-respondent. Depending upon the particular reference month, there is an order of preference that exists so that top quality imputation can result. The historical imputation method that was labelled as the third type above is always the last option in the order for each reference month.

The imputation methods using administrative data are automatically selected when historical information is unavailable for a non-respondent. The administrative data source (annual GST sales) is the basis of these methods. The annual GST sales are used for two types of methods. One is a general trend that will be used for simple structure, e.g. enterprises with only one establishment, and a second type is called median-average that is used for units with a more complex structure.

10. Estimation

Estimation is a process that approximates unknown population parameters using only part of the population that is included in a sample. Inferences about these unknown parameters are then made, using the sample data and associated survey design. This stage uses Statistics Canada's Generalized Estimation System (GES).

For retail sales, the population is divided into a survey portion (take-all and take-some strata) and a non-survey portion (take-none stratum). From the sample that is drawn from the survey portion, an estimate for the population is determined through the use of a Horvitz-Thompson estimator where responses for sales are weighted by using the inverses of the inclusion probabilities of the sampled units. Such weights (called sampling weights) can be interpreted as the number of times that each sampled unit should be replicated to represent the entire population. The calculated weighted sales values are summed by domain, to produce the total sales estimates by each industrial group / geographic area combination. A domain is defined as the most recent classification values available from the BR for the unit and the survey reference period. These domains may differ from the original sampling strata because units may have changed size, industry or location. Changes in classification are reflected immediately in the estimates and do not accumulate over time. For the non-survey portion, the sales are estimated with statistical models using monthly GST sales.

For more information on the methodology for modeling sales from administrative data sources which also contributes to the estimates of the survey portion, refer to ‘Monthly Retail Survey: Use of Administrative Data’ under ‘Documentation’ of the IMDB.

The measure of precision used for the MRTS to evaluate the quality of a population parameter estimate and to obtain valid inferences is the variance. The variance from the survey portion is derived directly from a stratified simple random sample without replacement.

Sample estimates may differ from the expected value of the estimates. However, since the estimate is based on a probability sample, the variability of the sample estimate with respect to its expected value can be measured. The variance of an estimate is a measure of the precision of the sample estimate and is defined as the average, over all possible samples, of the squared difference of the estimate from its expected value.

11. Revisions and seasonal adjustment

Revisions in the raw data are required to correct known non-sampling errors. These normally include replacing imputed data with reported data, corrections to previously reported data, and estimates for new births that were not known at the time of the original estimates. Raw data are revised, on a monthly basis, for the month immediately prior to the current reference month being published. That is, when data for December are being published for the first time, there will also be revisions, if necessary, to the raw data for November. In addition, revisions are made once a year, with the initial release of the February data, for all months in the previous year. The purpose is to correct any significant problems that have been found that apply for an extended period. The actual period of revision depends on the nature of the problem identified, but rarely exceeds three years. Time series contain the elements essential to the description, explanation and forecasting of the behaviour of an economic phenomenon: "They are statistical records of the evolution of economic processes through time."¹ Economic time series such as the Monthly Retail Trade Survey can be broken down into five main components: the trend-cycle, seasonality, the trading-day effect, the Easter holiday effect and the irregular component.

The trend represents the long-term change in the series, whereas the cycle represents a smooth, quasi-periodical movement about the trend, showing a succession of growth and decline phases (e.g., the business cycle). These two components—the trend and the cycle—are estimated together, and the trend-cycle reflects the fundamental evolution of the series. The other components reflect short-term transient movements.

The seasonal component represents sub-annual, monthly or quarterly fluctuations that recur more or less regularly from one year to the next. Seasonal variations are caused by the direct and indirect effects of the climatic seasons and institutional factors (attributable to social conventions or administrative rules; e.g., Christmas).

The trading-day component originates from the fact that the relative importance of the days varies systematically within the week and that the number of each day of the week in a given month varies from year to year. This effect is present when activity varies with the day of the week. For instance, Sunday is typically less active than the other days, and the number of Sundays, Mondays, etc., in a given month changes from year to year.

The Easter holiday effect is the variation due to the shift of part of April’s activity to March when Easter falls in March rather than April.

Lastly, the irregular component includes all other more or less erratic fluctuations not taken into account in the preceding components. It is a residual that includes errors of measurement on the 1. A Note on the Seasonal adjustment of Economic Time Series», Canadian Statistical Review, August 1974.  A variable itself as well as unusual events (e.g., strikes, drought, floods, major power blackout or other unexpected events causing variations in respondents’ activities).

Thus, the latter four components—seasonal, irregular, trading-day and Easter holiday effect—all conceal the fundamental trend-cycle component of the series. Seasonal adjustment (correction of seasonal variation) consists in removing the seasonal, trading-day and Easter holiday effect components from the series, and it thus helps reveal the trend-cycle. While seasonal adjustment permits a better understanding of the underlying trend-cycle of a series, the seasonally adjusted series still contains an irregular component. Slight month-to-month variations in the seasonally adjusted series may be simple irregular movements. To get a better idea of the underlying trend, users should examine several months of the seasonally adjusted series.

Since April 2008, Monthly Retail Trade Survey data are seasonally adjusted using the X-12- ARIMA2 software. The technique that is used essentially consists of first correcting the initial series for all sorts of undesirable effects, such as the trading-day and the Easter holiday effects, by a module called regARIMA. These effects are estimated using regression models with ARIMA errors (auto-regressive integrated moving average models). The series can also be extrapolated for at least one year by using the model. Subsequently, the raw series—pre-adjusted and extrapolated if applicable— is seasonally adjusted by the X-11 method.

The X-11 method is used for analysing monthly and quarterly series. It is based on an iterative principle applied in estimating the different components, with estimation being done at each stage using adequate moving averages3. The moving averages used to estimate the main components—the trend and seasonality—are primarily smoothing tools designed to eliminate an undesirable component from the series. Since moving averages react poorly to the presence of atypical values, the X-11 method includes a tool for detecting and correcting atypical points. This tool is used to clean up the series during the seasonal adjustment. Outlying data points can also be detected and corrected in advance, within the regARIMA module.

Lastly, the annual totals of the seasonally adjusted series are forced to the annual totals of the original series.

Unfortunately, seasonal adjustment removes the sub-annual additivity of a system of series; small discrepancies can be observed between the sum of seasonally adjusted series and the direct seasonal adjustment of their total. To insure or restore additivity in a system of series, a reconciliation process is applied or indirect seasonal adjustment is used, i.e. the seasonal adjustment of a total is derived by the summation of the individually seasonally adjusted series.

12. Data quality evaluation

The methodology of this survey has been designed to control errors and to reduce their potential effects on estimates. However, the survey results remain subject to errors, of which sampling error is only one component of the total survey error. Sampling error results when observations are made only on a sample and not on the entire population. All other errors arising from the various phases of a survey are referred to as nonsampling errors. For example, these types of errors can occur when a respondent provides incorrect information or does not answer certain questions; when a unit in the target population is omitted or covered more than once; when GST data for records being modeled for a particular month are not representative of the actual record for various reasons; when a unit that is out of scope for the survey is included by mistake or when errors occur in data processing, such as coding or capture errors.

Prior to publication, combined survey results are analyzed for comparability; in general, this includes a detailed review of individual responses (especially for large businesses), general economic conditions and historical trends.

A common measure of data quality for surveys is the coefficient of variation (CV). The coefficient of variation, defined as the standard error divided by the sample estimate, is a measure of precision in relative terms. Since the coefficient of variation is calculated from responses of individual units, it also measures some non-sampling errors.

The formula used to calculate coefficients of variation (CV) as percentages is:

CV (X) = S(X) * 100% / X
where X denotes the estimate and S(X) denotes the standard error of X.

Confidence intervals can be constructed around the estimates using the estimate and the CV. Thus, for our sample, it is possible to state with a given level of confidence that the expected value will fall within the confidence interval constructed around the estimate. For example, if an estimate of $12,000,000 has a CV of 2%, the standard error will be $240,000 (the estimate multiplied by the CV). It can be stated with 68% confidence that the expected values will fall within the interval whose length equals the standard deviation about the estimate, i.e. between $11,760,000 and $12,240,000.

Alternatively, it can be stated with 95% confidence that the expected value will fall within the interval whose length equals two standard deviations about the estimate, i.e. between $11,520,000 and $12,480,000.

Finally, due to the small contribution of the non-survey portion to the total estimates, bias in the non-survey portion has a negligible impact on the CVs. Therefore, the CV from the survey portion is used for the total estimate that is the summation of estimates from the surveyed and non-surveyed portions.

13. Disclosure control

Statistics Canada is prohibited by law from releasing any data which would divulge information obtained under the Statistics Act that relates to any identifiable person, business or organization without the prior knowledge or the consent in writing of that person, business or organization. Various confidentiality rules are applied to all data that are released or published to prevent the publication or disclosure of any information deemed confidential. If necessary, data are suppressed to prevent direct or residual disclosure of identifiable data.

Confidentiality analysis includes the detection of possible "direct disclosure", which occurs when the value in a tabulation cell is composed of a few respondents or when the cell is dominated by a few companies.

Registered Pension Plans (RPPs): An employer-sponsored plan registered with Canada Customs and Revenue Agency and most commonly also with one of the pension regulatory authorities. The purpose of such plans is to provide employees with a regular income at retirement.

Defined benefit (DB) plan: An RPP that defines the benefits by a formula stipulated in the plan text. The employer contributions are not predetermined but are a function of the cost of providing the promised pension, taking into consideration employee contributions, if any. DB plans can be subdivided into unit benefit and flat benefit plans:

Defined contribution (DC) plan: An RPP that specifies the employee's (if the plan is contributory) and the employer's contributions. Members' benefits are provided from accumulated contributions plus the return on the investment of these monies.

Hybrid plan: An RPP with two components, a Defined benefit (DB) component and a Defined contribution (DC) component.

Private Sector: Type of organization that includes incorporated and unincorporated businesses, religious, charitable and other non-profit organizations, co-operatives, trade or employee associations, and private educational and health institutions.

Public Sector: Type of organization that includes municipal, provincial and federal governments and enterprises, crown corporations, government boards, commissions and agencies, and public educational and health institutions.

Contributory plan: An RPP under which employees are required to contribute a portion of the cost of the benefits.

Non Contributory plan: An RPP under which the entire cost of the benefits is borne by the employer.

Vesting: The right of a plan member to the employer's contribution to an RPP or a Deferred profit sharing plan as a result of achieving a specified length of service or plan membership.

For the fiscal period ended August 31, 2010

Confidential when completed

Collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S19.

Completion of this questionnaire is a legal requirement under the Statistics Act.

Survey objective

This survey collects financial and operating data for the statistical measurement and analysis of the broadcasting distribution industry. These data will be aggregated to produce national and regional estimates of the performance of your industry. Those estimates are used by the regulator and policy departments, the private sector, international organizations, academics, analysts and the general public to better understand this sector's contribution to the Canadian economy. Selected results will be published in Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 56-207-X

Confidentiality statement

This survey is conducted under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada 1985, Chapter S19. Completion of this questionnaire is a legal requirement under this Act. Statistics Canada is prohibited by law from publishing or releasing any statistics which would divulge information obtained from this survey relating to any identifiable business without the previous written consent of that business. The data on this questionnaire will be treated in confidence, used for statistical purposes and published in aggregate form only. The confidentiality provisions of the Statistics Act are not affected by the Access to Information Act or any other legislation. Please note that Statistics Canada does not share any individual responses with the Canada Customs and Revenue Agency.

Data sharing agreements

To reduce respondent burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data-sharing agreements with provincial and territorial statistical agencies and other government organizations, which must keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes.  Statistics Canada will only share data from this survey with those organizations that have demonstrated a requirement to use the data.

Section 11 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with provincial and territorial statistical agencies that meet certain conditions.  These agencies must have the legislative authority to collect the same information, on a mandatory basis, and the legislation must provide substantially the same provisions for confidentiality and penalties for disclosure of confidential information as the Statistics Act.  Because these agencies have the legal authority to compel businesses to provide the same information, consent is not requested and businesses may not object to the sharing of the data.

For this survey, there are Section 11 agreements with the provincial and territorial statistical agencies of Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia and the Yukon.

The shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Section 12 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with federal, provincial or territorial government organizations.  Under this section, you may refuse to share your information with any of these organizations by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician, specifying the organizations with which you do not want to share your data and returning it in a separate envelope addressed to: Chief, Information technologies section, Business Special Surveys and Technology Statistics Division, Statistics Canada, Main Building, 150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway, Ottawa, Canada, K1A 0T6.

For this survey, there are section 12 agreements with the statistical agencies of Prince Edward Island, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut as well as with the Department of Canadian Heritage, the “Ministère de la Culture, des Communications et de la Condition feminine du Québec” and the Ontario Ministry of Economic Development and Trade.

For these agreements, the shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Note: As well there is a Section 12 agreement with the Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC). The CRTC requires this information under the authority of the Broadcasting Act and the regulations and conditions of licence thereunder. Because of this Act, you do not have the right to refuse to share your information with the CRTC. It will retain a copy of the questionnaire thus satisfying the requirements of the Television Broadcasting Regulations 1987 and Radio Regulations 1986 or conditions of licence for all broadcasters in Canada to provide this type of information to the commission on or before November 30 of each year for the year ending on the previous August 31.

Change of ownership

When a change of ownership has been approved by the CRTC, within 90 days thereof, the former licensee will file with Statistics Canada a copy of an annual return covering the period of operations from September 1 to the day of transfer.  The new licensee will file an annual return from the day of transfer to August 31. In some cases, the new licensee elects to file an annual return for the full broadcast year. In either case, the licensee should indicate on the return, which period they are filing.

Form 1030 – International payments and receipts

Filed under the authority of the Broadcasting information regulations, 1993, and the Statistics Act.

Filed in confidence

Non-merchandising charges related to broadcasting operation

Receipts from non-residents
Business services
($'000 Canadian)

• Program rights and royalties
  1. United States
  2. United Kingdom
  3. France
  4. European Union (excluding U.K. and France)
  5. Japan
  6. OECD countries (excluding Japan, United States and E.U.)
  7. All other countries
  8. Total - program rights and royalties
• Advertising
  1. United States
  2. United Kingdom
  3. France
  4. European Union (excluding U.K. and France)
  5. Japan
  6. OECD countries (excluding Japan, United States and E.U.)
  7. All other countries
  8. Total - advertising
• Other receipts from non-residents
  1. United States
  2. United Kingdom
  3. France
  4. European Union (excluding U.K. and France)
  5. Japan
  6. OECD countries (excluding Japan, United States and E.U.)
  7. All other countries
  8. Total - other receipts from non-residents
• Interests and dividends
  1. United States
  2. United Kingdom
  3. France
  4. European Union (excluding U.K. and France)
  5. Japan
  6. OECD countries (excluding Japan, United States and E.U.)
  7. All other countries
  8. Total - interests and dividends

Payments to non-residents
Business services
($'000 Canadian)

• Program rights and royalties
  1. United States
  2. United Kingdom
  3. France
  4. European Union (excluding U.K. and France)
  5. Japan
  6. OECD countries (excluding Japan, United States and E.U.)
  7. All other countries
  8. Total - program rights and royalties
• Advertising
  1. United States
  2. United Kingdom
  3. France
  4. European Union (excluding U.K. and France)
  5. Japan
  6. OECD countries (excluding Japan, United States and E.U.)
  7. All other countries
  8. Total - advertising
• Other receipts from non-residents
  1. United States
  2. United Kingdom
  3. France
  4. European Union (excluding U.K. and France)
  5. Japan
  6. OECD countries (excluding Japan, United States and E.U.)
  7. All other countries
  8. Total - other receipts from non-residents
• Interests and dividends
  1. United States
  2. United Kingdom
  3. France
  4. European Union (excluding U.K. and France)
  5. Japan
  6. OECD countries (excluding Japan, United States and E.U.)
  7. All other countries
  8. Total - interests and dividends

Please use the space provided below to supply any comments, explanations, methodological notes, qualifiers or other important information about the data you have supplied on this form.

Form 1210 – Television station financial summary

Filed under the authority of the Broadcasting information regulations, 1993 and the Statistics Act.

Filed in confidence

• 1. If the information in this return is for a period other than 12 months, please indicate From to
• 2. Station location

Revenues

• 3. Local time sales (including infomercials)
  • Contra or other non-monetary transactions
  • Total local time sales
• 4. National time sales (excluding infomercials)
  • Contra or other non-monetary transactions
  • National sales
  • Regional sales
  • Total national time sales
• 5. Network payments to station
• 6. Infomercials
  • Local time sales
  • National time sales
  • Total informercials
• 7. Sales/syndication of programs
  • Canadian
  • Non-Canadian
  • Total sales/syndication of programs
• 8. Production services sold
• 9. Government grants and parliamentary appropriation
• 10. Local programming improvement fund
• 11. Other revenues
  • Type of revenue
  • Total other revenues
• 12. Total revenues

Expenses

• 13. Programming and production
• 14. Technical
• 15. Sales and promotion
• 16. Administration and general
• 17. Total expenses
• 18. Operating income (loss)
• 19. Less: depreciation (recorded in accounts)
• 20. Interest expenses
• 21. Investments, Interest and incidental broadcasting income (include rental income)
• 22. Less: amortization of goodwill, organization and start-up expenses
• 23. Gain (loss) from disposal of fixed assets, investments, etc.
• 24. Net income (loss) before income taxes
• 25. Provision for income taxes (recovery)
• 26. Net income (loss) after income taxes

Total remuneration

• Salaries and wages (include sales commissions and talent fees paid to employees), fringe benefits and directors fees
  • 27. Programming and production
  • 28. Technical
  • 29. Sales and promotion
  • 30. Administration and general
  • 31. Total salaries and wages

• Average number of employees (the typical weekly average of full and equivalent part time employees)
  • 32. Programming and production
  • 33. Technical
  • 34. Sales and promotion
  • 35. Administration and general
  • 36. Total average number of employees
  • 37. Fringe benefits

Please use the space provided below to supply any comments, explanations, methodological notes, qualifiers or other important information about the data you have supplied on this form.

Form 1230 –Direct operating expenses – programming and production

Filed under the authority of the Broadcasting Information Regulations, 1993 and the Statistics Act

Filed in confidence

Programming expenses

Program telecast

Information

News (category 1)

Canadian programs

• 1. Station’s production (including station contribution to cooperative productions)
• 2. Programs produced by an affiliated production company
• 3. Programs acquired from other stations
• 4. Programs of network origination
• 5. Programs acquired from independent producers
• 6. Special recognition programs
• 7. Other Canadian programs from any other source
• 8. Total – Canadian programs telecast
   
• Amounts included in total Canadian programs telecast for:
• 9. Close captioning
• 10. Dubbing
• 11. Program development
• 12. Children’s programming
• 13. Ownership transfer tangible benefits
• 14. Described video
• 15. Total non-Canadian programming expenses
   
• Amount included in total non-Canadian programming expenses for
• 16. Dubbing
• 17. Total programs telecast
   
• Other Canadian programming expenses:
• 18. Program inventory write-downs for Canadian programs
• 19. Program inventory write-downs for non-Canadian programs
• 20. Script and concept development expenditures for Canadian programs not telecast
• 21. Loss on equity investment/principal on loans in arm’s length productions of Canadian programs
• 22. Other
• 23. Total – other programming expenses
   
• Amounts included in total other programming for:
• 24. Ownership transfer tangible benefits
• 25. CTF credit, eligible Canadian programming expenditures not included above

Long form documentary (category 2b)

Canadian programs

• 1. Station’s production (including station contribution to cooperative productions)
• 2. Programs produced by an affiliated production company
• 3. Programs acquired from other stations
• 4. Programs of network origination
• 5. Programs acquired from independent producers
• 6. Special recognition programs
• 7. Other Canadian programs from any other source
• 8. Total – Canadian programs telecast
   
• Amounts included in total Canadian programs telecast for:
• 9. Close captioning
• 10. Dubbing
• 11. Program development
• 12. Children’s programming
• 13. Ownership transfer tangible benefits
• 14. Described video
• 15. Total non-Canadian programming expenses
   
• Amount included in total non-Canadian programming expenses for
• 16. Dubbing
• 17. Total programs telecast
   
• Other Canadian programming expenses:
• 18. Program inventory write-downs for Canadian programs
• 19. Program inventory write-downs for non-Canadian programs
• 20. Script and concept development expenditures for Canadian programs not telecast
• 21. Loss on equity investment/principal on loans in arm’s length productions of Canadian programs
• 22. Other
• 23. Total – other programming expenses
   
• Amounts included in total other programming for:
• 24. Ownership transfer tangible benefits
• 25. CTF credit, eligible Canadian programming expenditures not included above

Other information (categories 2a, 3 to 5)

Canadian programs

• 1. Station’s production (including station contribution to cooperative productions)
• 2. Programs produced by an affiliated production company
• 3. Programs acquired from other stations
• 4. Programs of network origination
• 5. Programs acquired from independent producers
• 6. Special recognition programs
• 7. Other Canadian programs from any other source
• 8. Total – Canadian programs telecast
   
• Amounts included in total Canadian programs telecast for:
• 9. Close captioning
• 10. Dubbing
• 11. Program development
• 12. Children’s programming
• 13. Ownership transfer tangible benefits
• 14. Described video
• 15. Total non-Canadian programming expenses
   
• Amount included in total non-Canadian programming expenses for
• 16. Dubbing
• 17. Total programs telecast
   
• Other Canadian programming expenses:
• 18. Program inventory write-downs for Canadian programs
• 19. Program inventory write-downs for non-Canadian programs
• 20. Script and concept development expenditures for Canadian programs not telecast
• 21. Loss on equity investment/principal on loans in arm’s length productions of Canadian programs
• 22. Other
• 23. Total – other programming expenses
   
• Amounts included in total other programming for:
• 24. Ownership transfer tangible benefits
• 25. CTF credit, eligible Canadian programming expenditures not included above

Sports (category 6)

Canadian programs

• 1. Station’s production (including station contribution to cooperative productions)
• 2. Programs produced by an affiliated production company
• 3. Programs acquired from other stations
• 4. Programs of network origination
• 5. Programs acquired from independent producers
• 6. Special recognition programs
• 7. Other Canadian programs from any other source
• 8. Total – Canadian programs telecast
   
• Amounts included in total Canadian programs telecast for:
• 9. Close captioning
• 10. Dubbing
• 11. Program development
• 12. Children’s programming
• 13. Ownership transfer tangible benefits
• 14, Described video
• 15. Total non-Canadian programming expenses
   
• Amount included in total non-Canadian programming expenses for
• 16. Dubbing
• 17. Total programs telecast
   
• Other Canadian programming expenses:
• 18. Program inventory write-downs for Canadian programs
• 19. Program inventory write-downs for non-Canadian programs
• 20. Script and concept development expenditures for Canadian programs not telecast
• 21. Loss on equity investment/principal on loans in arm’s length productions of Canadian programs
• 22. Other
• 23. Total – other programming expenses
   
• Amounts included in total other programming for:
• 24. Ownership transfer tangible benefits
• 25. CTF credit, eligible Canadian programming expenditures not included above

Music and entertainment

Drama (category 7)

Canadian programs

• 1. Station’s production (including station contribution to cooperative productions)
• 2. Programs produced by an affiliated production company
• 3. Programs acquired from other stations
• 4. Programs of network origination
• 5. Programs acquired from independent producers
• 6. Special recognition programs
• 7. Other Canadian programs from any other source
• 8. Total – Canadian programs telecast
   
• Amounts included in total Canadian programs telecast for:
• 9. Close captioning
• 10. Dubbing
• 11. Program development
• 12. Children’s programming
• 13. Ownership transfer tangible benefits
• 14. Described video
• 15. Total non-Canadian programming expenses
   
• Amount included in total non-Canadian programming expenses for
• 16. Dubbing
• 17. Total programs telecast
   
• Other Canadian programming expenses:
• 18. Program inventory write-downs for Canadian programs
• 19. Program inventory write-downs for non-Canadian programs
• 20. Script and concept development expenditures for Canadian programs not telecast
• 21. Loss on equity investment/principal on loans in arm’s length productions of Canadian programs
• 22. Other
• 23. Total – other programming expenses
   
• Amounts included in total other programming for:
• 24. Ownership transfer tangible benefits
• 25. CTF credit, eligible Canadian programming expenditures not included above

Music/variety (categories 8 & 9)

Canadian programs

• 1. Station’s production (including station contribution to cooperative productions)
• 2. Programs produced by an affiliated production company
• 3. Programs acquired from other stations
• 4. Programs of network origination
• 5. Programs acquired from independent producers
• 6. Special recognition programs
• 7. Other Canadian programs from any other source
• 8. Total – Canadian programs telecast
   
• Amounts included in total Canadian programs telecast for:
• 9. Close captioning
• 10. Dubbing
• 11. Program development
• 12. Children’s programming
• 13. Ownership transfer tangible benefits
• 14, Described video
• 15. Total non-Canadian programming expenses
   
• Amount included in total non-Canadian programming expenses for
• 16. Dubbing
• 17. Total programs telecast
   
• Other Canadian programming expenses:
• 18. Program inventory write-downs for Canadian programs
• 19. Program inventory write-downs for non-Canadian programs
• 20. Script and concept development expenditures for Canadian programs not telecast
• 21. Loss on equity investment/principal on loans in arm’s length productions of Canadian programs
• 22. Other
• 23. Total – other programming expenses
   
• Amounts included in total other programming for:
• 24. Ownership transfer tangible benefits
• 25. CTF credit, eligible Canadian programming expenditures not included above

Game shows (category 10)

Canadian programs

• 1. Station’s production (including station contribution to cooperative productions)
• 2. Programs produced by an affiliated production company
• 3. Programs acquired from other stations
• 4. Programs of network origination
• 5. Programs acquired from independent producers
• 6. Special recognition programs
• 7. Other Canadian programs from any other source
• 8. Total – Canadian programs telecast
   
• Amounts included in total Canadian programs telecast for:
• 9. Close captioning
• 10. Dubbing
• 11. Program development
• 12. Children’s programming
• 13. Ownership transfer tangible benefits
• 14, Described video
• 15. Total non-Canadian programming expenses
   
• Amount included in total non-Canadian programming expenses for
• 16. Dubbing
• 17. Total programs telecast
   
• Other Canadian programming expenses:
• 18. Program inventory write-downs for Canadian programs
• 19. Program inventory write-downs for non-Canadian programs
• 20. Script and concept development expenditures for Canadian programs not telecast
• 21. Loss on equity investment/principal on loans in arm’s length productions of Canadian programs
• 22. Other
• 23. Total – other programming expenses
   
• Amounts included in total other programming for:
• 24. Ownership transfer tangible benefits
• 25. CTF credit, eligible Canadian programming expenditures not included above

Human interest (category 11 excluding award shows)

Canadian programs

• 1. Station’s production (including station contribution to cooperative productions)
• 2. Programs produced by an affiliated production company
• 3. Programs acquired from other stations
• 4. Programs of network origination
• 5. Programs acquired from independent producers
• 6. Special recognition programs
• 7. Other Canadian programs from any other source
• 8. Total – Canadian programs telecast
   
• Amounts included in total Canadian programs telecast for:
• 9. Close captioning
• 10. Dubbing
• 11. Program development
• 12. Children’s programming
• 13. Ownership transfer tangible benefits
• 14, Described video
• 15. Total non-Canadian programming expenses
   
• Amount included in total non-Canadian programming expenses for
• 16. Dubbing
• 17. Total programs telecast
   
• Other Canadian programming expenses:
• 18. Program inventory write-downs for Canadian programs
• 19. Program inventory write-downs for non-Canadian programs
• 20. Script and concept development expenditures for Canadian programs not telecast
• 21. Loss on equity investment/principal on loans in arm’s length productions of Canadian programs
• 22. Other
• 23. Total – other programming expenses
   
• Amounts included in total other programming for:
• 24. Ownership transfer tangible benefits
• 25. CTF credit, eligible Canadian programming expenditures not included above

Awards shows (not included in human interest)

Canadian programs

• 1. Station’s production (including station contribution to cooperative productions)
• 2. Programs produced by an affiliated production company
• 3. Programs acquired from other stations
• 4. Programs of network origination
• 5. Programs acquired from independent producers
• 6. Special recognition programs
• 7. Other Canadian programs from any other source
• 8. Total – Canadian programs telecast
   
• Amounts included in total Canadian programs telecast for:
• 9. Close captioning
• 10. Dubbing
• 11. Program development
• 12. Children’s programming
• 13. Ownership transfer tangible benefits
• 14, Described video
• 15. Total non-Canadian programming expenses
   
• Amount included in total non-Canadian programming expenses for
• 16. Dubbing
• 17. Total programs telecast
   
• Other Canadian programming expenses:
• 18. Program inventory write-downs for Canadian programs
• 19. Program inventory write-downs for non-Canadian programs
• 20. Script and concept development expenditures for Canadian programs not telecast
• 21. Loss on equity investment/principal on loans in arm’s length productions of Canadian programs
• 22. Other
• 23. Total – other programming expenses
   
• Amounts included in total other programming for:
• 24. Ownership transfer tangible benefits
• 25. CTF credit, eligible Canadian programming expenditures not included above

Others

(categories 12 to 15)  

Canadian programs

• 1. Station’s production (including station contribution to cooperative productions)
• 2. Programs produced by an affiliated production company
• 3. Programs acquired from other stations
• 4. Programs of network origination
• 5. Programs acquired from independent producers
• 6. Special recognition programs
• 7. Other Canadian programs from any other source
• 8. Total – Canadian programs telecast
   
• Amounts included in total Canadian programs telecast for:
• 9. Close captioning
• 10. Dubbing
• 11. Program development
• 12. Children’s programming
• 13. Ownership transfer tangible benefits
• 14. Described video
• 15. Total non-Canadian programming expenses
• Amount included in total non-Canadian programming expenses for
   
• 16. Dubbing
• 17. Total programs telecast
   
• Other Canadian programming expenses:
• 18. Program inventory write-downs for Canadian programs
• 19. Program inventory write-downs for non-Canadian programs
• 20. Script and concept development expenditures for Canadian programs not telecast
• 21. Loss on equity investment/principal on loans in arm’s length productions of Canadian programs
• 22. Other
• 23. Total – other programming expenses
   
• Amounts included in total other programming for:
• 24. Ownership transfer tangible benefits
• 25. CTF credit, eligible Canadian programming expenditures not included above

Total

(categories 1 to 15)

Canadian programs

• 1. Station’s production (including station contribution to cooperative productions)
• 2. Programs produced by an affiliated production company
• 3. Programs acquired from other stations
• 4. Programs of network origination
• 5. Programs acquired from independent producers
• 6. Special recognition programs
• 7. Other Canadian programs from any other source
• 8. Total – Canadian programs telecast
   
• Amounts included in total Canadian programs telecast for:
• 9. Close captioning
• 10. Dubbing
• 11. Program development
• 12. Children’s programming
• 13. Ownership transfer tangible benefits
• 14, Described video
• 15. Total non-Canadian programming expenses
   
• Amount included in total non-Canadian programming expenses for
• 16. Dubbing
• 17. Total programs telecast
   
• Other Canadian programming expenses:
• 18. Program inventory write-downs for Canadian programs
• 19. Program inventory write-downs for non-Canadian programs
• 20. Script and concept development expenditures for Canadian programs not telecast
• 21. Loss on equity investment/principal on loans in arm’s length productions of Canadian programs
• 22. Other
• 23. Total – other programming expenses
   
• Amounts included in total other programming for:
• 24. Ownership transfer tangible benefits
• 25. CTF credit, eligible Canadian programming expenditures not included above

Please use the space provided below to supply any comments, explanations, methodological notes, qualifiers or other important information about the data you have supplied on this form.

Form 1240 – direct operating expenses – continued

Filed under the authority of the Broadcasting information regulations, 1993 and the Statistics Act.

Filed in confidence

Production expenses

• 1. Cost of program sales/syndication Canadian
• 2. Cost of program sales/syndicaction non-Canadian
• 3. Cost of production services sold
• 4. Infomercials
• 5. Other (including music license fees)
• 6. Total production expenses
• 7. Grand total – programming and production expenses
   
• Amounts included in grand total programming and production expenses for:
  8. Salaries and wages
• 9. Talent fees non- staff
• 10. News services
• 11. Royalties (excluding music licence fee)
• 12. Music licence fee (payments to SOCAN)
• 13. Payments to network for programs
• 14. Other network expenses
• 15. Talent fees paid to non-residents of Canada
• 16. Total
• 17. If greater than 10% of total production expenses, please provide details.
• 18. If greater than 10% of total programming expenses, please provide details.

Technical expenses

• 19. Transmitter, studio, parts, tapes, supplies, technical consultant services, technical repairs and maintenance, and other technical costs
• 20. Line, microwave or satellite charges
• 21. Remuneration
• 22. Total technical expenses

Sales and promotion expenses

• 23. Audience and trade promotion, rating services
• 24. Sales commission representatives – (non-staff)
• 25. Sales commission paid to staff
• 26. Other sales and promotion expenses
• 27. Remuneration
• 28. Total sales and promotion expenses

Administration and general expenses

• 29. Entertainment, travel, motor vehicle operating expenses, telephone, fax, computer services and office supplies
• 30. Cost of premises (rent, repairs and maintenance, insurance, utilities, etc.)
• 31. Real estate and business tax
• 32. Professional services
• 33. Bad debt expenses
• 34. CRTC licence fees
• 35. Managements services (non-staff)
• 36. Other administration and general expenses
• 37. Remuneration (including directors fees)
• 38. Total administration and general expenses
• 39. Total all expenses

Please use the space provided below to supply any comments, explanations, methodological notes, qualifiers or other important information about the data you have supplied on this form.

The Monthly Survey of Manufacturing (MSM) publishes statistical series for manufacturers – sales of goods manufactured, inventories, unfilled orders and new orders. The values of these characteristics represent current monthly estimates of the more complete Annual Survey of Manufactures and Logging (ASML) data.

The MSM is a sample survey of approximately 10,500 Canadian manufacturing establishments, which are categorized into over 220 industries. Industries are classified according to the 2007 North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS). Seasonally adjusted series are available for the main aggregates.

An establishment comprises the smallest manufacturing unit capable of reporting the variables of interest. Data collected by the MSM provides a current ‘snapshot’ of sales of goods manufactured values by the Canadian manufacturing sector, enabling analysis of the state of the Canadian economy, as well as the health of specific industries in the short- to medium-term. The information is used by both private and public sectors including Statistics Canada, federal and provincial governments, business and trade entities, international and domestic non-governmental organizations, consultants, the business press and private citizens. The data are used for analyzing market share, trends, corporate benchmarking, policy analysis, program development, tax policy and trade policy.

1. Sales of goods manufactured

Sales of goods manufactured (formerly shipments of goods manufactured) are defined as the value of goods manufactured by establishments that have been shipped to a customer. Sales of goods manufactured exclude any wholesaling activity, and any revenues from the rental of equipment or the sale of electricity. Note that in practice, some respondents report financial trans­ac­tions rather than payments for work done. Sales of goods manufactured are available by 3-digit NAICS, for Canada and broken down by province.

For the aerospace product and parts, and shipbuilding industries, the value of production is used instead of sales of goods manufactured. This value is calculated by adjusting monthly sales of goods manufactured by the monthly change in inventories of goods / work in process and finished goods manufactured. Inventories of raw materials and components are not included in the calculation since production tries to measure "work done" during the month. This is done in order to reduce distortions caused by the sales of goods manufactured of high value items as completed sales.

2. Inventories

Measurement of component values of inventory is important for economic studies as well as for derivation of production values. Respondents are asked to report their book values (at cost) of raw materials and components, any goods / work in process, and fin­ished goods manufactured inventories separately. In some cases, respondents estimate a total inventory figure, which is allocated on the basis of proportions reported on the ASML. Inventory levels are calculated on a Canada‑wide basis, not by province.

3. Orders

a) Unfilled Orders

Unfilled orders represent a backlog or stock of orders that will generate future sales of goods manufactured assuming that they are not cancelled. As with inventories, unfilled orders and new orders levels are calculated on a Canada‑wide basis, not by province.

The MSM produces estimates for unfilled orders for all industries except for those industries where orders are customarily filled from stocks on hand and order books are not gen­erally maintained. In the case of the aircraft companies, options to purchase are not treated as orders until they are entered into the account­ing system.

b) New Orders

New orders represent current demand for manufactured products. Estimates of new orders are derived from sales of goods manufactured and unfilled orders data. All sales of goods manufactured within a month result from either an order received during the month or at some earlier time. New orders can be calculated as the sum of sales of goods manufactured adjusted for the monthly change in unfilled orders.

4. Non-Durable / Durable goods

a) Non-durable goods industries include:

Food (NAICS 311),
Beverage and Tobacco Products (312),
Textile Mills (313),
Textile Product Mills (314),
Clothing (315),
Leather and Allied Products (316),
Paper (322),
Printing and Related Support Activities (323),
Petroleum and Coal Products (324),
Chemicals (325) and
Plastic and Rubber Products (326).

b) Durable goods industries include:

Wood Products (NAICS 321),
Non-Metallic Mineral Products (327),
Primary Metals (331),
Fabricated Metal Products (332),
Machinery (333),
Computer and Electronic Products (334),
Electrical Equipment, Appliance and Components (335),
Transportation Equipment (336),
Furniture and Related Products (337) and
Miscellaneous Manufacturing (339). 

Survey design and methodology

Beginning with the August 1999 reference month, the Monthly Survey of Manufacturing (MSM) underwent an extensive redesign.

Concept Review

In 1998, it was decided that before any redesign work could begin the basic concepts and definitions of the program would be confirmed.

This was done in two ways: First, a review of user requirements was initiated. This involved revisiting an internal report to ensure that the user requirements from that exercise were being satisfied. As well, another round of internal review with the major users in the National Accounts was undertaken. This was to specifically focus on any data gaps that could be identified.

Secondly, with these gaps or requirements in hand, a survey was conducted in order to ascertain respondent’s ability to report existing and new data. The study was also to confirm that respondents understood the definitions, which were being asked by survey analysts.

The result of the concept review was a reduction of the number of questions for the survey from sixteen to seven. Most of the questions that were dropped had to do with the reporting of sales of goods manufactured for work that was partially completed.

In 2007, the MSM terminology was updated to be Charter of Accounts (COA) compliant. With the August 2007 reference month release the MSM has harmonized its concepts to the ASML. The variable formerly called “Shipments” is now called “Sales of goods manufactured”. As well, minor modifications were made to the inventory component names. The definitions have not been modified nor has the information collected from the survey.

Methodology

The latest sample design incorporates the 2007 North American Industrial Classification Standard (NAICS). Stratification is done by province with equal quality requirements for each province. Large size units are selected with certainty and small units are selected with a probability based on the desired quality of the estimate within a cell.

The estimation system generates estimates using the NAICS. The estimates will also continue to be reconciled to the ASML. Provincial estimates for all variables will be produced. A measure of quality (CV) will also be produced.

Components of the Survey Design

Target Population and Sampling Frame

Statistics Canada’s business register provides the sampling frame for the MSM. The target population for the MSM consists of all statistical establishments on the business register that are classified to the manufacturing sector (by NAICS). The sampling frame for the MSM is determined from the target population after subtracting establishments that represent the bottom 5% of the total manufacturing sales of goods manufactured estimate for each province. These establishments were excluded from the frame so that the sample size could be reduced without significantly affecting quality.

The Sample

The MSM sample is a probability sample comprised of approximately 10,500 establishments. A new sample was chosen in the autumn of 2006, followed by a six-month parallel run (from reference month September 2006 to reference month February 2007). The refreshed sample officially became the new sample of the MSM effective in January 2007.

This marks the first process of refreshing the MSM sample since 2002. The objective of the process is to keep the sample frame as fresh and up-to date as possible. All establishments in the sample are refreshed to take into account changes in their value of sales of goods manufactured, the removal of dead units from the sample and some small units are rotated out of the GST-based portion of the sample, while others are rotated into the sample.

Prior to selection, the sampling frame is subdivided into industry-province cells. For the most part, NAICS codes were used. Depending upon the number of establishments within each cell, further subdivisions were made to group similar sized establishments’ together (called stratum). An establishment’s size was based on its most recently available annual sales of goods manufactured or sales value. 

Each industry by province cell has a ‘take-all’ stratum composed of establishments sampled each month with certainty. This ‘take-all’ stratum is composed of establishments that are the largest statistical enterprises, and have the largest impact on estimates within a particular industry by province cell. These large statistical enterprises comprise 45% of the national manufacturing sales of goods manufactured estimates.

Each industry by province cell can have at most three ‘take-some’ strata. Not all establishments within these stratums need to be sampled with certainty. A random sample is drawn from the remaining strata. The responses from these sampled establishments are weighted according to the inverse of their probability of selection. In cells with take-some portion, a minimum sample of 10 was imposed to increase stability.

The take-none portion of the sample is now estimated from administrative data and as a result, 100% of the sample universe is covered. Estimation of the take-none portion also improved efficiency as a larger take-none portion was delineated and the sample could be used more efficiently on the smaller sampled portion of the frame.

Data Collection

Only a subset of the sample establishments is sent out for data collection. For the remaining units, information from administrative data files is used as a source for deriving sales of goods manufactured data. For those establishments that are surveyed, data collection, data capture, preliminary edit and follow-up of non-respondents are all performed in Statistics Canada regional offices. Sampled establishments are contacted by mail or telephone according to the preference of the respondent. Data capture and preliminary editing are performed simultaneously to ensure the validity of the data.

In some cases, combined reports are received from enterprises or companies with more than one establishment in the sample where respondents prefer not to provide individual establishment reports. Businesses, which do not report or whose reports contain errors, are followed up immediately.

Use of Administrative Data

Managing response burden is an ongoing challenge for Statistics Canada. In an attempt to alleviate response burden, especially for small businesses, Statistics Canada has been investigating various alternatives to survey taking. Administrative data files are a rich source of information for business data and Statistics Canada is working at mining this rich data source to its full potential. As such, effective the August 2004 reference month, the MSM reduced the number of simple establishments in the sample that are surveyed directly and instead, derives sales of goods manufactured data for these establishments from Goods and Services Tax (GST) files using a statistical model. The model accounts for the difference between sales of goods manufactured (reported to MSM) and sales (reported for GST purposes) as well as the time lag between the reference period of the survey and the reference period of the GST file.

In conjunction with the most recent sample, effective January 2007, approximately 2,500 simple establishments were selected to represent the GST portion of the sample.

Inventories and unfilled orders estimates for establishments where sales of goods manufactured are GST-based are derived using the MSM’s imputation system. The imputation system applies to the previous month values, the month-to-month and year-to-year changes in similar firms which are surveyed. With the most recent sample, the eligibility rules for GST-based establishments were refined to have more GST-based establishments in industries that typically carry fewer inventories. This way the impact of the GST-based establishments which require the estimation of inventories, will be kept to a minimum.

Detailed information on the methodology used for modelling sales of goods manufactured from administrative data sources can be found in the ‘Monthly Survey of Manufacturing: Use of Administrative Data’ (Catalogue no. 31-533-XIE) document.

Data quality

Statistical Edit and Imputation

Data are analyzed within each industry-province cell. Extreme values are listed for inspection by the magnitude of the deviation from average behavior. Respondents are contacted to verify extreme values. Records that fail statistical edits are considered outliers and are not used for imputation.

Values are imputed for the non-responses, for establishments that do not report or only partially complete the survey form. A number of imputation methods are used depending on the variable requiring treatment. Methods include using industry-province cell trends, historical responses, or reference to the ASML. Following imputation, the MSM staff performs a final verification of the responses that have been imputed.

Revisions

In conjunction with preliminary estimates for the current month, estimates for the previous three months are revised to account for any late returns. Data are revised when late responses are received or if an incorrect response was recorded earlier.

Estimation

Estimates are produced based on returns from a sample of manufacturing establishments in combination with administrative data for a portion of the smallest establishments. The survey sample includes 100% coverage of the large manufacturing establishments in each industry by province, plus partial coverage of the medium and small-sized firms. Combined reports from multi-unit companies are pro-rated among their establishments and adjustments for progress billings reflect revenues received for work done on large item contracts. Approximately 2,500 of the sampled medium and small-sized establishments are not sent questionnaires, but instead their sales of goods manufactured are derived by using revenue from the GST files. The portion not represented through sampling – the take-none portion - consist of establishments below specified thresholds in each province and industry. Sub-totals for this portion are also derived based on their revenues.

Industry values of sales of goods manufactured, inventories and unfilled orders are estimated by first weighting the survey responses, the values derived from the GST files and the imputations by the number of establishments each represents. The weighted estimates are then summed with the take-none portion. While sales of goods manufactured estimates are produced by province, no geographical detail is compiled for inventories and orders since many firms cannot report book values of these items monthly.

Benchmarking

Up to and including 2003, the MSM was benchmarked to the Annual Survey of Manufactures and Logging (ASML). Benchmarking was the regular review of the MSM estimates in the context of the annual data provided by the ASML. Benchmarking re-aligned the annualized level of the MSM based on the latest verified annual data provided by the ASML.

Significant research by Statistics Canada in 2006 to 2007 was completed on whether the benchmark process should be maintained. The conclusion was that benchmarking of the MSM estimates to the ASML should be discontinued. With the refreshing of the MSM sample in 2007, it was determined that benchmarking would no longer be required (retroactive to 2004) because the MSM now accurately represented 100% of the sample universe. Data confrontation will continue between MSM and ASML to resolve potential discrepancies. 

As of the January 2007 reference month, a new sample was introduced. It is standard practice that every few years the sample is refreshed to ensure that the survey frame is up to date with births, deaths and other changes in the population. The refreshed sample is linked at the detailed level to prevent data breaks and to ensure the continuity of time series. It is designed to be more representative of the manufacturing industry at both the national and provincial levels.

Data confrontation and reconciliation

Each year, during the period when the Annual Survey of Manufactures and Logging section set their annual estimates, the MSM section works with the ASML section to confront and reconcile significant differences in values between the fiscal ASML and the annual MSM at the strata and industry level.

The purpose of this exercise of data reconciliation is to highlight and resolve significant differences between the two surveys and to assist in minimizing the differences in the micro-data between the MSM and the ASML.

Sampling and Non-sampling Errors

The statistics in this publication are estimates derived from a sample survey and, as such, can be subject to errors. The following material is provided to assist the reader in the interpretation of the estimates published.

Estimates derived from a sample survey are subject to a number of different kinds of errors. These errors can be broken down into two major types: sampling and non-sampling.

1. Sampling Errors

Sampling errors are an inherent risk of sample surveys. They result from the difference between the value of a variable if it is randomly sampled and its value if a census is taken (or the average of all possible random values). These errors are present because observations are made only on a sample and not on the entire population.

The sampling error depends on factors such as the size of the sample, variability in the population, sampling design and method of estimation. For example, for a given sample size, the sampling error will depend on the stratification procedure employed, allocation of the sample, choice of the sampling units and method of selection. (Further, even for the same sampling design, we can make different calculations to arrive at the most efficient estimation procedure.) The most important feature of probability sampling is that the sampling error can be measured from the sample itself.

2. Non-sampling Errors

Non-sampling errors result from a systematic flaw in the structure of the data-collection procedure or design of any or all variables examined. They create a difference between the value of a variable obtained by sampling or census methods and the variable’s true value. These errors are present whether a sample or a complete census of the population is taken. Non-sampling errors can be attributed to one or more of the following sources:

a) Coverage error: This error can result from incomplete listing and inadequate coverage of the population of interest.

b) Data response error: This error may be due to questionnaire design, the characteristics of a question, inability or unwillingness of the respondent to provide correct information, misinterpretation of the questions or definitional problems.

c) Non-response error: Some respondents may refuse to answer questions, some may be unable to respond, and others may be too late in responding. Data for the non-responding units can be imputed using the data from responding units or some earlier data on the non-responding units if available.

The extent of error due to imputation is usually unknown and is very much dependent on any characteristic differences between the respondent group and the non-respondent group in the survey. This error generally decreases with increases in the response rate and attempts are therefore made to obtain as high a response rate as possible.

d) Processing error: These errors may occur at various stages of processing such as coding, data entry, verification, editing, weighting, and tabulation, etc. Non-sampling errors are difficult to measure. More important, non-sampling errors require control at the level at which their presence does not impair the use and interpretation of the results.

Measures have been undertaken to minimize the non-sampling errors. For example, units have been defined in a most precise manner and the most up-to-date listings have been used. Questionnaires have been carefully designed to minimize different interpretations. As well, detailed acceptance testing has been carried out for the different stages of editing and processing and every possible effort has been made to reduce the non-response rate as well as the response burden.

Measures of Sampling and Non-sampling Errors

1. Sampling Error Measures

The sample used in this survey is one of a large number of all possible samples of the same size that could have been selected using the same sample design under the same general conditions. If it was possible that each one of these samples could be surveyed under essentially the same conditions, with an estimate calculated from each sample, it would be expected that the sample estimates would differ from each other.

The average estimate derived from all these possible sample estimates is termed the expected value. The expected value can also be expressed as the value that would be obtained if a census enumeration were taken under identical conditions of collection and processing. An estimate calculated from a sample survey is said to be precise if it is near the expected value.

Sample estimates may differ from this expected value of the estimates. However, since the estimate is based on a probability sample, the variability of the sample estimate with respect to its expected value can be measured. The variance of an estimate is a measure of the precision of the sample estimate and is defined as the average, over all possible samples, of the squared difference of the estimate from its expected value.

The standard error is a measure of precision in absolute terms. The coefficient of variation (CV), defined as the standard error divided by the sample estimate, is a measure of precision in relative terms. For comparison purposes, one may more readily compare the sampling error of one estimate to the sampling error of another estimate by using the coefficient of variation.

In this publication, the coefficient of variation is used to measure the sampling error of the estimates. However, since the coefficient of variation published for this survey is calculated from the responses of individual units, it also measures some non-sampling error.

The formula used to calculate the published coefficients of variation (CV) in Table 1 is:

CV(X) = S(X)/X

where X denotes the estimate and S(X) denotes the standard error of X.

In this publication, the coefficient of variation is expressed as a percentage.

Confidence intervals can be constructed around the estimate using the estimate and the coefficient of variation. Thus, for our sample, it is possible to state with a given level of confidence that the expected value will fall within the confidence interval constructed around the estimate. For example, if an estimate of $12,000,000 has a coefficient of variation of 10%, the standard error will be $1,200,000 or the estimate multiplied by the coefficient of variation. It can then be stated with 68% confidence that the expected value will fall within the interval whose length equals the standard deviation about the estimate, i.e., between $10,800,000 and $13,200,000. Alternatively, it can be stated with 95% confidence that the expected value will fall within the interval whose length equals two standard deviations about the estimate, i.e., between $9,600,000 and $14,400,000.

Text table 1 contains the national level CVs, expressed as a percentage, for all manufacturing for the MSM characteristics. For CVs at other aggregate levels, contact the Dissemination and Frame Services Section at (613) 951-9497, toll free: 1-866-873-8789 or by e-mail at manufact@statcan.gc.ca.

Text table 1
National Level CVs by Characteristic

Month	Sales of goods manufactured %	Raw materials and components inventories %	Goods / work in process inventories %	Finished goods manufactured inventories %	Unfilled Orders %
Mar-11	0.74	1.21	1.66	1.33	2.77
Apr-11	0.76	1.20	1.73	1.33	2.70
May-11	0.77	1.20	1.71	1.40	2.67
Jun-11	0.77	1.16	1.76	1.41	2.73
Jul-11	0.74	1.19	1.80	1.41	2.64
Aug-11	0.78	1.26	1.87	1.38	2.62
Sep-11	0.80	1.28	1.88	1.38	2.61
Oct-11	0.83	1.25	1.86	1.35	2.66
Nov-11	0.87	1.28	1.78	1.36	2.69
Dec-11	0.80	1.39	1.79	1.36	2.61
Jan-12	0.88	1.30	1.83	1.38	2.76
Feb-12	0.85	1.35	1.84	1.39	2.91
Mar-12	0.88	1.37	1.78	1.42	2.98

 

2. Non-sampling Error Measures

The exact population value is aimed at or desired by both a sample survey as well as a census. We say the estimate is accurate if it is near this value. Although this value is desired, we cannot assume that the exact value of every unit in the population or sample can be obtained and processed without error. Any difference between the expected value and the exact population value is termed the bias. Systematic biases in the data cannot be measured by the probability measures of sampling error as previously described. The accuracy of a survey estimate is determined by the joint effect of sampling and non-sampling errors.

Three sources of non-sampling error in the MSM are non-response error, imputation error and the error due to editing. To assist users in evaluating these errors, weighted rates that are related to these three types of error are given in Text table 2. The following is an example of what is meant by a weighted rate. A cell with a sample of 20 units in which five respond for a particular month would have a response rate of 25%. If these five reporting units represented $8 million out of a total estimate of $10 million, the weighted response rate would be 80%.

The definitions of the three weighted rates noted in Text table 2 follow. The weighted response rate is the proportion of a characteristic’s total estimate that is based upon reported data (excluding data that has been edited). The weighted imputation rate is the proportion of a characteristic’s total estimate that is based upon imputed data. The weighted editing rate is the proportion of a characteristic’s total estimate that is based upon data that was edited (edited data may have been originally reported or imputed).

Text table 2 contains the three types of weighted rates for each of the characteristics at the national level for all of manufacturing. In the table, the rates are expressed as percentages.

Text Table 2
National Weighted Rates by Source and Characteristic

Characteristics	Survey Source			Administrative Data Source
	Response	Imputation	Editing	Modeled	Imputation	Editing
	%	%	%	%	%	%
Sales of goods manufactured	83.99	3.47	6.10	5.85	0.25	0.35
Raw materials and components	74.17	10.64	5.51	0.00	9.10	0.58
Goods / work in process	61.99	8.90	21.64	0.00	6.50	0.97
Finished goods manufactured	79.33	6.88	4.37	0.00	7.90	1.53
Unfilled Orders	52.04	2.06	41.32	0.00	3.33	1.24

Joint Interpretation of Measures of Error

The measure of non-response error as well as the coefficient of variation must be considered jointly to have an overview of the quality of the estimates. The lower the coefficient of variation and the higher the weighted response rate, the better will be the published estimate.

Seasonal Adjustment

Economic time series contain the elements essential to the description, explanation and forecasting of the behavior of an economic phenomenon. They are statistical records of the evolution of economic processes through time. In using time series to observe economic activity, economists and statisticians have identified four characteristic behavioral components: the long-term movement or trend, the cycle, the seasonal variations and the irregular fluctuations. These movements are caused by various economic, climatic or institutional factors. The seasonal variations occur periodically on a more or less regular basis over the course of a year. These variations occur as a result of seasonal changes in weather, statutory holidays and other events that occur at fairly regular intervals and thus have a significant impact on the rate of economic activity.

In the interest of accurately interpreting the fundamental evolution of an economic phenomenon and producing forecasts of superior quality, Statistics Canada uses the X12-ARIMA seasonal adjustment method to seasonally adjust its time series. This method minimizes the impact of seasonal variations on the series and essentially consists of adding one year of estimated raw data to the end of the original series before it is seasonally adjusted per se. The estimated data are derived from forecasts using ARIMA (Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average) models of the Box-Jenkins type.

The X-12 program uses primarily a ratio-to-moving average method. It is used to smooth the modified series and obtain a preliminary estimate of the trend-cycle. It also calculates the ratios of the original series (fitted) to the estimates of the trend-cycle and estimates the seasonal factors from these ratios. The final seasonal factors are produced only after these operations have been repeated several times.

The technique that is used essentially consists of first correcting the initial series for all sorts of undesirable effects, such as the trading-day and the Easter holiday effects, by a module called regARIMA. These effects are then estimated using regression models with ARIMA errors. The series can also be extrapolated for at least one year by using the model. Subsequently, the raw series, pre-adjusted and extrapolated if applicable, is seasonally adjusted by the X-12 method.

The procedures to determine the seasonal factors necessary to calculate the final seasonally adjusted data are executed every month. This approach ensures that the estimated seasonal factors are derived from an unadjusted series that includes all the available information about the series, i.e. the current month's unadjusted data as well as the previous month's revised unadjusted data.

While seasonal adjustment permits a better understanding of the underlying trend-cycle of a series, the seasonally adjusted series still contains an irregular component. Slight month-to-month variations in the seasonally adjusted series may be simple irregular movements. To get a better idea of the underlying trend, users should examine several months of the seasonally adjusted series.

The aggregated Canada level series are now seasonally adjusted directly, meaning that the seasonally adjusted totals are obtained via X-12-ARIMA. Afterwards, these totals are used to reconcile the provincial total series which have been seasonally adjusted individually.

For other aggregated series, indirect seasonal adjustments are used. In other words, their seasonally adjusted totals are derived indirectly by the summation of the individually seasonally adjusted kinds of business.

Trend

A seasonally adjusted series may contain the effects of irregular influences and special circumstances and these can mask the trend. The short term trend shows the underlying direction in seasonally adjusted series by averaging across months, thus smoothing out the effects of irregular influences. The result is a more stable series. The trend for the last month may be, subject to significant revision as values in future months are included in the averaging process.

Real manufacturing sales of goods manufactured, inventories, and orders

Changes in the values of the data reported by the Monthly Survey of Manufacturing (MSM) may be attributable to changes in their prices or to the quantities measured, or both. To study the activity of the manufacturing sector, it is often desirable to separate out the variations due to price changes from those of the quantities produced. This adjustment is known as deflation.

Deflation consists in dividing the values at current prices obtained from the survey by suitable price indexes in order to obtain estimates evaluated at the prices of a previous period, currently the year 2002. The resulting deflated values are said to be “at 2002 prices”. Note that the expression “at current prices” refer to the time the activity took place, not to the present time, nor to the time of compilation.

The deflated MSM estimates reflect the prices that prevailed in 2002. This is called the base year. The year 2002 was chosen as base year since it corresponds to that of the price indexes used in the deflation of the MSM estimates. Using the prices of a base year to measure current activity provides a representative measurement of the current volume of activity with respect to that base year. Current movements in the volume are appropriately reflected in the constant price measures only if the current relative importance of the industries is not very different from that in the base year.

The deflation of the MSM estimates is performed at a very fine industry detail, equivalent to the 6-digit industry classes of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). For each industry at this level of detail, the price indexes used are composite indexes which describe the price movements for the various groups of goods produced by that industry.

With very few exceptions the price indexes are weighted averages of the Industrial Product Price Indexes (IPPI). The weights are derived from the annual Canadian Input-Output tables and change from year to year. Since the Input-Output tables only become available with a delay of about two and a half years, the weights used for the most current years are based on the last available Input-Output tables.

The same price index is used to deflate sales of goods manufactured, new orders and unfilled orders of an industry. The weights used in the compilation of this price index are derived from the output tables, evaluated at producer’s prices. Producer prices reflect the prices of the goods at the gate of the manufacturing establishment and exclude such items as transportation charges, taxes on products, etc. The resulting price index for each industry thus reflects the output of the establishments in that industry.

The price indexes used for deflating the goods / work in process and the finished goods manufactured inventories of an industry are moving averages of the price index used for sales of goods manufactured. For goods / work in process inventories, the number of terms in the moving average corresponds to the duration of the production process. The duration is calculated as the average over the previous 48 months of the ratio of end of month goods / work in process inventories to the output of the industry, which is equal to sales of goods manufactured plus the changes in both goods / work in process and finished goods manufactured inventories.

For finished goods manufactured inventories, the number of terms in the moving average reflects the length of time a finished product remains in stock. This number, known as the inventory turnover period, is calculated as the average over the previous 48 months of the ratio of end-of-month finished goods manufactured inventory to sales of goods manufactured.

To deflate raw materials and components inventories, price indexes for raw materials consumption are obtained as weighted averages of the IPPIs. The weights used are derived from the input tables evaluated at purchaser’s prices, i.e. these prices include such elements as wholesaling margins, transportation charges, and taxes on products, etc. The resulting price index thus reflects the cost structure in raw materials and components for each industry.

The raw materials and components inventories are then deflated using a moving average of the price index for raw materials consumption. The number of terms in the moving average corresponds to the rate of consumption of raw materials. This rate is calculated as the average over the previous four years of the ratio of end-of-year raw materials and components inventories to the intermediate inputs of the industry.

NC - NOC-S 2006 code not used for 2011, but content the same; NU - NOC-S code not reused; T - title change; * - part of 2011 class

Concordance between the National Occupational Classification for Statistics (NOC-S) 2006 (first three columns: code, title, status code) and the National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011 (last four columns: part of, code, title and explanatory notes).

Concordance: National Occupational Classification for Statistics (NOC-S) 2006 to National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011

NOC-S 2006			NOC 2011
Code	Title	Status Code	P	Code	Title	Explanatory notes
A	Management occupations	NU	*	0	Management occupations	Except certain food store section managers and managers in agriculture, horticulture and aquaculture
			*	1	Business, finance and administration occupations	Advertising account managers
A0	Senior management occupations	NC		00	Senior management occupations
A01	Legislators and senior management	NC		001	Legislators and senior management
A011	Legislators	NU		0011	Legislators
			*	0012	Senior government managers and officials	Territorial commissioners
A012	Senior government managers and officials	NU	*	0012	Senior government managers and officials	Except territorial commissioners
A013	Senior managers - financial, communications and other business services	NC		0013	Senior managers - financial, communications and other business services
A014	Senior managers - health, education, social and community services and membership organizations	NU	*	0014	Senior managers - health, education, social and community services and membership organizations	Except hockey association general managers and automobile association executive directors
A015	Senior managers - trade, broadcasting and other services, n.e.c.	NU	*	0014	Senior managers - health, education, social and community services and membership organizations	Hockey association general managers and automobile association executive directors
				0015	Senior managers - trade, broadcasting and other services, n.e.c.
A016	Senior managers - goods production, utilities, transportation and construction	NC/T		0016	Senior managers - construction, transportation, production and utilities
A1	Specialist managers	NU	*	01-05	Specialized middle management occupations	Administrative services managers, managers in engineering, architecture, science and information systems, advertising, marketing and public relations managers (except advertising account managers)
			*	06	Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	Corporate sales managers and wholesale trade managers
			*	07-09	Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	Facility operation and maintenance managers
			*	11	Professional occupations in business and finance	Advertising account managers
A11	Administrative services managers	NC		011	Administrative services managers
A111	Financial managers	NC		0111	Financial managers
A112	Human resources managers	NC		0112	Human resources managers
A113	Purchasing managers	NC		0113	Purchasing managers
A114	Other administrative services managers	NC		0114	Other administrative services managers
A12	Managers in engineering, architecture, science and information systems	NC		021	Managers in engineering, architecture, science and information systems
A121	Engineering managers	NC		0211	Engineering managers
A122	Computer and information systems managers	NC		0213	Computer and information systems managers
A123	Architecture and science managers	NC		0212	Architecture and science managers
A13	Sales, marketing and advertising managers	NU	*	012	Managers in financial and business services	Advertising, marketing and public relations managers (except advertising account managers)
				060	Corporate sales managers
			*	062	Retail and wholesale trade managers	Wholesale trade managers
			*	112	Human resources and business service professionals	Advertising account managers
A131	Sales, marketing and advertising managers	NU	*	0124	Advertising, marketing and public relations managers	Except advertising agency managers and advertising and marketing managers in retail trade
			*	0601	Corporate sales managers	Except corporate sales managers in retail trade
			*	0621	Retail and wholesale trade managers	Wholesale trade managers
			*	1123	Professional occupations in advertising, marketing and public relations	Advertising account managers
A14	Facility operation and maintenance managers	NU	*	071	Managers in construction and facility operation and maintenance	Facility operation and maintenance managers
			*	073	Managers in transportation	Distribution services managers
A141	Facility operation and maintenance managers	NU		0714	Facility operation and maintenance managers
			*	0731	Managers in transportation	Distribution services managers
A2	Managers in retail trade, food and accommodation services	NU	*	06	Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	Managers in retail trade, food and accommodation services
A21	Managers in retail trade	NU	*	062	Retail and wholesale trade managers	Retail trade managers
A211	Retail trade managers	NU	*	0124	Advertising, marketing and public relations managers	Advertising and marketing managers in retail trade
			*	0601	Corporate sales managers	Corporate sales managers in retail trade
			*	0621	Retail and wholesale trade managers	Retail trade managers
A22	Managers in food service and accommodation	NC		063	Managers in food service and accommodation
A221	Restaurant and food service managers	NC		0631	Restaurant and food service managers
A222	Accommodation service managers	NC		0632	Accommodation service managers
A3	Other managers n.e.c.	NU	*	01-05	Specialized middle management occupations	Managers in financial and business services, managers in communication (except broadcasting), managers in health care, managers in education and social and community services, managers in public administation, managers in art, culture, recreation and sport and managers in public protection services
			*	06	Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	Managers in customer and personal services, n.e.c.
			*	07-09	Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	Managers in construction and transportation, managers in natural resources production and fishing (except agriculture), managers in manufacturing and utilities
A30	Managers in financial and business services	NU	*	012	Managers in financial and business services	Except advertising, marketing and public relations managers
A301	Insurance, real estate and financial brokerage managers	NC		0121	Insurance, real estate and financial brokerage managers
A302	Banking, credit and other investment managers	NC		0122	Banking, credit and other investment managers
A303	Other business services managers	NU	*	0124	Advertising, marketing and public relations managers	Advertising agency managers
				0125	Other business services managers
A31	Managers in communication (except broadcasting)	NC		013	Managers in communication (except broadcasting)
A311	Telecommunication carriers managers	NC		0131	Telecommunication carriers managers
A312	Postal and courier services managers	NC		0132	Postal and courier services managers
A32	Managers in health, education, social and community services	NU		031	Managers in health care
				042	Managers in education and social and community services
A321	Managers in health care	NC		0311	Managers in health care
A322	Administrators - post-secondary education and vocational training	NC		0421	Administrators - post-secondary education and vocational training
A323	School principals and administrators of elementary and secondary education	NC		0422	School principals and administrators of elementary and secondary education
A324	Managers in social, community and correctional services	NC		0423	Managers in social, community and correctional services
A33	Managers in public administration	NC		041	Managers in public administration
A331	Government managers - health and social policy development and program administration	NC		0411	Government managers - health and social policy development and program administration
A332	Government managers - economic analysis, policy development and program administration	NC		0412	Government managers - economic analysis, policy development and program administration
A333	Government managers - education policy development and program administration	NC		0413	Government managers - education policy development and program administration
A334	Other managers in public administration	NC		0414	Other managers in public administration
A34	Managers in art, culture, recreation and sport	NC		051	Managers in art, culture, recreation and sport
A341	Library, archive, museum and art gallery managers	NC		0511	Library, archive, museum and art gallery managers
A342	Managers - publishing, motion pictures, broadcasting and performing arts	NC		0512	Managers - publishing, motion pictures, broadcasting and performing arts
A343	Recreation, sports and fitness program and service directors	NC		0513	Recreation, sports and fitness program and service directors
A35	Managers in protective service	NC/T		043	Managers in public protection services
A351	Commissioned police officers	NC		0431	Commissioned police officers
A352	Fire chiefs and senior firefighting officers	NC		0432	Fire chiefs and senior firefighting officers
A353	Commissioned officers, armed forces	NC/T		0433	Commissioned officers of the Canadian Forces
A36	Managers in other services	NC/T		065	Managers in customer and personal services, n.e.c.
A361	Other services managers	NC/T		0651	Managers in customer and personal services, n.e.c.
A37	Managers in construction and transportation	NU	*	071	Managers in construction and facility operation and maintenance	Managers in construction
			*	073	Managers in transportation	Except distribution services managers
A371	Construction managers	NC		0711	Construction managers
A372	Residential home builders and renovators	NC/T		0712	Home building and renovation managers
A373	Transportation managers	NU	*	0731	Managers in transportation	Except distribution services managers
A38	Managers in primary production (except agriculture)	NC/T		081	Managers in natural resources production and fishing
A381	Primary production managers (except agriculture)	NC/T		0811	Managers in natural resources production and fishing
A39	Managers in manufacturing and utilities	NC		091	Managers in manufacturing and utilities
A391	Manufacturing managers	NC		0911	Manufacturing managers
A392	Utilities managers	NC		0912	Utilities managers
B	Business, finance and administrative occupations	NU	*	1	Business, finance and administration occupations	Except advertising account managers, legal assistants, library assistants, marketing consultants (advertising), statistical officers and related research support occupations and professional occupations in public relations and communications
			*	6	Sales and service occupations	Customer and information services supervisors and representatives and financial sales representatives
B0	Professional occupations in business and finance	NU	*	11	Professional occupations in business and finance	Except advertising account managers, marketing consultants (advertising) and professional occupations in public relations and communications
B01	Auditors, accountants and investment professionals	NC		111	Auditors, accountants and investment professionals
B011	Financial auditors and accountants	NC		1111	Financial auditors and accountants
B012	Financial and investment analysts	NC		1112	Financial and investment analysts
B013	Securities agents, investment dealers and brokers	NC		1113	Securities agents, investment dealers and brokers
B014	Other financial officers	NC		1114	Other financial officers
B02	Human resources and business service professionals	NU	*	112	Human resources and business service professionals	Except advertising account managers, marketing consultants (advertising) and professional occupations in public relations and communications
B021	Specialists in human resources	NC/T		1121	Human resources professionals
B022	Professional occupations in business services to management	NU		1122	Professional occupations in business management consulting
			*	1123	Professional occupations in advertising, marketing and public relations	Professional occupations in advertising and marketing
B1	Finance and insurance administration occupations	NU		13	Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations
			*	62	Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	Financial sales representatives
B11	Finance and insurance administrative occupations	NU		131	Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations
			*	623	Insurance, real estate and financial sales occupations	Financial sales representatives
B111	Bookkeepers	NC/T		1311	Accounting technicians and bookkeepers
B112	Loan officers	NC/T		6235	Financial sales representatives
B113	Insurance adjusters and claims examiners	NC		1312	Insurance adjusters and claims examiners
B114	Insurance underwriters	NC		1313	Insurance underwriters
B115	Assessors, valuators and appraisers	NC		1314	Assessors, valuators and appraisers
B116	Customs, ship and other brokers	NC		1315	Customs, ship and other brokers
B2	Secretaries	NU	*	12	Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	Secretaries, recorders and transcriptionists
B21	Secretaries, recorders and transcriptionists	NU	*	124	Office administrative assistants - general, legal and medical	Except administrative assistants formerly in General office clerks and legal assistants
			*	125	Court reporters, transcriptionists, records management technicians and statistical officers	Court reporters, medical transcriptionists and related occupations
B211	Secretaries (except legal and medical)	NU	*	1241	Administrative assistants	Except administrative assistants formerly in General office clerks
B212	Legal secretaries	NU	*	1242	Legal administrative assistants	Except legal assistants
B213	Medical secretaries	NC/T		1243	Medical administrative assistants
B214	Court recorders and medical transcriptionists	NC/T		1251	Court reporters, medical transcriptionists and related occupations
B3	Administrative and regulatory occupations	NU	*	12	Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	Administrative and regulatory occupations
B31	Administrative and regulatory occupations	NC		122	Administrative and regulatory occupations
B311	Administrative officers	NC		1221	Administrative officers
B312	Executive assistants	NC		1222	Executive assistants
B313	Personnel and recruitment officers	NC/T		1223	Human resources and recruitment officers
B314	Property administrators	NC		1224	Property administrators
B315	Purchasing agents and officers	NC		1225	Purchasing agents and officers
B316	Conference and event planners	NC		1226	Conference and event planners
B317	Court officers and justices of the peace	NC		1227	Court officers and justices of the peace
B318	Immigration, employment insurance and revenue officers	NC/T		1228	Employment insurance, immigration, border services and revenue officers
B4	Clerical supervisors	NU	*	12	Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	Administrative services supervisors
			*	63	Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	Customer and information services supervisors
B41	Clerical supervisors	NU		121	Administrative services supervisors
			*	125	Court reporters, transcriptionists, records management technicians and statistical officers	Medical records unit supervisors
			*	631	Service supervisors	Customer and information services supervisors
B411	Supervisors, general office and administrative support clerks	NU		1211	Supervisors, general office and administrative support workers
			*	1213	Supervisors, library, correspondence and related information workers	Supervisors of regulatory clerks
			*	1252	Health information management occupations	Medical records unit supervisors
B412	Supervisors, finance and insurance clerks	NU		1212	Supervisors, finance and insurance office workers
			*	6314	Customer and information services supervisors	Customer service representatives supervisors - financial services
B413	Supervisors, library, correspondence and related information clerks	NU	*	1213	Supervisors, library, correspondence and related information workers	Except supervisors of regulatory clerks
			*	6314	Customer and information services supervisors	Customer and information services supervisors (except financial services)
B414	Supervisors, mail and message distribution occupations	NC		1214	Supervisors, mail and message distribution occupations
B415	Supervisors, recording, distributing and scheduling occupations	NC/T		1215	Supervisors, supply chain, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations
B5	Clerical occupations	NU	*	12	Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	Administrative assistants, records classifiers and medical records technicians
			*	14	Office support occupations	Except library assistants
				15	Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations
			*	65	Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	Customer and information services representatives
B51	Clerical occupations, general office skills	NU	*	124	Office administrative assistants - general, legal and medical	Administrative assistants
			*	125	Court reporters, transcriptionists, records management technicians and statistical officers	Records classifiers and medical records technicians
			*	141	General office workers	Except personnel and court clerks
			*	145	Library, correspondence and other clerks	Meter readers
B511	General office clerks	NU	*	1241	Administrative assistants	Administrative assistants formerly in General office clerks
			*	1411	General office support workers	Except filing clerks and office administration clerks
			*	1454	Survey interviewers and statistical clerks	Meter readers
B513	Records management and filing clerks	NU	*	1252	Health information management occupations	Medical records technicians
				1253	Records management technicians
			*	1411	General office support workers	Filing clerks
B514	Receptionists and switchboard operators	NU	*	1414	Receptionists	Receptionists and switchboard operators
B52	Office equipment operators	NU	*	141	General office workers	Telephone operators
				142	Office equipment operators
B522	Data entry clerks	NC		1422	Data entry clerks
B523	Desktop publishing operators and related occupations	NC		1423	Desktop publishing operators and related occupations
B524	Telephone operators	NU	*	1414	Receptionists	Telephone operators
B53	Finance and insurance clerks	NU		143	Financial, insurance and related administrative support workers
			*	655	Customer and information services representatives	Customer services representatives - financial institutions
B531	Accounting and related clerks	NC		1431	Accounting and related clerks
B532	Payroll clerks	NC		1432	Payroll clerks
B533	Customer service representatives - financial services	NC/T		6551	Customer services representatives - financial institutions
B534	Banking, insurance and other financial clerks	NC		1434	Banking, insurance and other financial clerks
B535	Collectors	NC		1435	Collectors
B54	Administrative support clerks	NU	*	141	General office workers	Office administration clerks, personnel clerks and court clerks
			*	145	Library, correspondence and other clerks	Regulatory clerks
B541	Administrative clerks	NU	*	1411	General office support workers	Office administration clerks
			*	1452	Correspondence, publication and regulatory clerks	Regulatory clerks
B542	Personnel clerks	NC		1415	Personnel clerks
B543	Court clerks	NC		1416	Court clerks
B55	Library, correspondence and related information clerks	NU	*	145	Library, correspondence and other clerks	Except meter readers, regulatory clerks and library assistants
			*	655	Customer and information services representatives	Customer and information services representatives (except financial institutions)
B551	Library clerks	NU	*	1451	Library assistants and clerks	Except library assistants
B552	Correspondence, publication and related clerks	NU	*	1452	Correspondence, publication and regulatory clerks	Except regulatory clerks
B553	Customer service, information and related clerks	NC/T		6552	Other customer and information services representatives
B554	Survey interviewers and statistical clerks	NU	*	1454	Survey interviewers and statistical clerks	Except meter readers
B56	Mail and message distribution occupations	NC		151	Mail and message distribution occupations
B561	Mail, postal and related clerks	NC/T		1511	Mail, postal and related workers
B562	Letter carriers	NC		1512	Letter carriers
B563	Couriers, messengers and door-to-door distributors	NC		1513	Couriers, messengers and door-to-door distributors
B57	Recording, scheduling and distributing occupations	NC/T		152	Supply chain logistics, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations
B571	Shippers and receivers	NC		1521	Shippers and receivers
B572	Storekeepers and parts clerks	NC/T		1522	Storekeepers and partspersons
B573	Production clerks	NC/T		1523	Production logistics co-ordinators
B574	Purchasing and inventory clerks	NC/T		1524	Purchasing and inventory control workers
B575	Dispatchers and radio operators	NC/T		1525	Dispatchers
B576	Transportation route and crew schedulers	NC		1526	Transportation route and crew schedulers
C	Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	NU	*	1	Business, finance and administration occupations	Statistical technicians and statistical officers
				2	Natural and applied sciences and related occupations
C0	Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	NU	*	12	Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	Statistical technicians and statistical officers
				21	Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences
C01	Physical science professionals	NC		211	Physical science professionals
C011	Physicists and astronomers	NU	*	2111	Physicists and astronomers	Except atmospheric physicist
C012	Chemists	NC		2112	Chemists
C013	Geologists, geochemists and geophysicists	NC/T		2113	Geoscientists and oceanographers
C014	Meteorologists	NU	*	2111	Physicists and astronomers	Atmospheric physicist
				2114	Meteorologists and climatologists
C015	Other professional occupations in physical sciences	NC		2115	Other professional occupations in physical sciences
C02	Life science professionals	NC		212	Life science professionals
C021	Biologists and related scientists	NC		2121	Biologists and related scientists
C022	Forestry professionals	NC		2122	Forestry professionals
C023	Agricultural representatives, consultants and specialists	NC		2123	Agricultural representatives, consultants and specialists
C03	Civil, mechanical, electrical and chemical engineers	NC		213	Civil, mechanical, electrical and chemical engineers
C031	Civil engineers	NC		2131	Civil engineers
C032	Mechanical engineers	NC		2132	Mechanical engineers
C033	Electrical and electronics engineers	NC		2133	Electrical and electronics engineers
C034	Chemical engineers	NC		2134	Chemical engineers
C04	Other engineers	NC		214	Other engineers
C041	Industrial and manufacturing engineers	NC		2141	Industrial and manufacturing engineers
C042	Metallurgical and materials engineers	NC		2142	Metallurgical and materials engineers
C043	Mining engineers	NC		2143	Mining engineers
C044	Geological engineers	NC		2144	Geological engineers
C045	Petroleum engineers	NC		2145	Petroleum engineers
C046	Aerospace engineers	NC		2146	Aerospace engineers
C047	Computer engineers (except software engineers and designers)	NC		2147	Computer engineers (except software engineers and designers)
C048	Other professional engineers, n.e.c.	NC		2148	Other professional engineers, n.e.c.
C05	Architects, urban planners and land surveyors	NC		215	Architects, urban planners and land surveyors
C051	Architects	NC		2151	Architects
C052	Landscape architects	NC		2152	Landscape architects
C053	Urban and land use planners	NC		2153	Urban and land use planners
C054	Land surveyors	NC		2154	Land surveyors
C06	Mathematicians, statisticians and actuaries	NU	*	125	Court reporters, transcriptionists, records management technicians and statistical officers	Statistical technicians and statistical officers
				216	Mathematicians, statisticians and actuaries
C061	Mathematicians, statisticians and actuaries	NU	*	1254	Statistical officers and related research support occupations	Statistical technicians and statistical officers
				2161	Mathematicians, statisticians and actuaries
C07	Computer and information systems professionals	NC		217	Computer and information systems professionals
C071	Information systems analysts and consultants	NC		2171	Information systems analysts and consultants
C072	Database analysts and data administrators	NC		2172	Database analysts and data administrators
C073	Software engineers and designers	NC		2173	Software engineers and designers
C074	Computer programmers and interactive media developers	NC		2174	Computer programmers and interactive media developers
C075	Web designers and developers	NC		2175	Web designers and developers
C1	Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	NC		22	Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences
C11	Technical occupations in physical sciences	NU		221	Technical occupations in physical sciences
			*	225	Technical occupations in architecture, drafting, surveying, geomatics and meteorology	Meteorological technicians
C111	Chemical technologists and technicians	NC		2211	Chemical technologists and technicians
C112	Geological and mineral technologists and technicians	NC		2212	Geological and mineral technologists and technicians
C113	Meteorological technicians	NU	*	2255	Technical occupations in geomatics and meteorology	Meteorological technicians
C12	Technical occupations in life sciences	NC		222	Technical occupations in life sciences
C121	Biological technologists and technicians	NC		2221	Biological technologists and technicians
C122	Agricultural and fish products inspectors	NC		2222	Agricultural and fish products inspectors
C123	Forestry technologists and technicians	NC		2223	Forestry technologists and technicians
C124	Conservation and fishery officers	NC		2224	Conservation and fishery officers
C125	Landscape and horticulture technicians and specialists	NC		2225	Landscape and horticulture technicians and specialists
C13	Technical occupations in civil, mechanical and industrial engineering	NC		223	Technical occupations in civil, mechanical and industrial engineering
C131	Civil engineering technologists and technicians	NC		2231	Civil engineering technologists and technicians
C132	Mechanical engineering technologists and technicians	NC		2232	Mechanical engineering technologists and technicians
C133	Industrial engineering and manufacturing technologists and technicians	NC		2233	Industrial engineering and manufacturing technologists and technicians
C134	Construction estimators	NC		2234	Construction estimators
C14	Technical occupations in electronics and electrical engineering	NC		224	Technical occupations in electronics and electrical engineering
C141	Electrical and electronics engineering technologists and technicians	NC		2241	Electrical and electronics engineering technologists and technicians
C142	Electronic service technicians (household and business equipment)	NC		2242	Electronic service technicians (household and business equipment)
C143	Industrial instrument technicians and mechanics	NC		2243	Industrial instrument technicians and mechanics
C144	Aircraft instrument, electrical and avionics mechanics, technicians and inspectors	NC		2244	Aircraft instrument, electrical and avionics mechanics, technicians and inspectors
C15	Technical occupations in architecture, drafting, surveying and mapping	NU	*	225	Technical occupations in architecture, drafting, surveying, geomatics and meteorology	Except meteorological technicians
C151	Architectural technologists and technicians	NC		2251	Architectural technologists and technicians
C152	Industrial designers	NC		2252	Industrial designers
C153	Drafting technologists and technicians	NC		2253	Drafting technologists and technicians
C154	Land survey technologists and technicians	NC		2254	Land survey technologists and technicians
C155	Mapping and related technologists and technicians	NU	*	2255	Technical occupations in geomatics and meteorology	Except meteorological technicians
C16	Other technical inspectors and regulatory officers	NC		226	Other technical inspectors and regulatory officers
C161	Non-destructive testers and inspectors	NC/T		2261	Non-destructive testers and inspection technicians
C162	Engineering inspectors and regulatory officers	NC		2262	Engineering inspectors and regulatory officers
C163	Inspectors in public and environmental health and occupational health and safety	NC		2263	Inspectors in public and environmental health and occupational health and safety
C164	Construction inspectors	NC		2264	Construction inspectors
C17	Transportation officers and controllers	NC		227	Transportation officers and controllers
C171	Air pilots, flight engineers and flying instructors	NC		2271	Air pilots, flight engineers and flying instructors
C172	Air traffic control and related occupations	NC/T		2272	Air traffic controllers and related occupations
C173	Deck officers, water transport	NC		2273	Deck officers, water transport
C174	Engineer officers, water transport	NC		2274	Engineer officers, water transport
C175	Railway traffic controllers and marine traffic regulators	NC		2275	Railway traffic controllers and marine traffic regulators
C18	Technical occupations in computer and information systems	NC		228	Technical occupations in computer and information systems
C181	Computer network technicians	NC		2281	Computer network technicians
C182	User support technicians	NC		2282	User support technicians
C183	Systems testing technicians	NC/T		2283	Information systems testing technicians
D	Health occupations	NU	*	3	Health occupations	Except kinesiologists and exercise physiologists and therapists
D0	Professional occupations in health	NU	*	31	Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	Except allied primary health practitioners, kinesiologists and exercise physiologists and therapists
D01	Physicians, dentists and veterinarians	NC		311	Physicians, dentists and veterinarians
D011	Specialist physicians	NC		3111	Specialist physicians
D012	General practitioners and family physicians	NC		3112	General practitioners and family physicians
D013	Dentists	NC		3113	Dentists
D014	Veterinarians	NC		3114	Veterinarians
D02	Optometrists, chiropractors and other health diagnosing and treating professionals	NU	*	312	Optometrists, chiropractors and other health diagnosing and treating professionals	Except allied primary health practitioners
D021	Optometrists	NC		3121	Optometrists
D022	Chiropractors	NC		3122	Chiropractors
D023	Other professional occupations in health diagnosing and treating	NC		3125	Other professional occupations in health diagnosing and treating
D03	Pharmacists, dietitians and nutritionists	NC		313	Pharmacists, dietitians and nutritionists
D031	Pharmacists	NC		3131	Pharmacists
D032	Dietitians and nutritionists	NC		3132	Dietitians and nutritionists
D04	Therapy and assessment professionals	NU	*	314	Therapy and assessment professionals	Except kinesiologists and exercise physiologists and therapists
D041	Audiologists and speech-language pathologists	NC		3141	Audiologists and speech-language pathologists
D042	Physiotherapists	NC		3142	Physiotherapists
D043	Occupational therapists	NC		3143	Occupational therapists
D044	Other professional occupations in therapy and assessment	NU	*	3144	Other professional occupations in therapy and assessment	Except kinesiologists and exercise physiologists and therapists
D1	Nurse supervisors and registered nurses	NU		30	Professional occupations in nursing
			*	31	Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	Nurse practitioners
D11	Nurse supervisors and registered nurses	NU		301	Professional occupations in nursing
			*	312	Optometrists, chiropractors and other health diagnosing and treating professionals	Nurse practitioners
D111	Head nurses and supervisors	NC/T		3011	Nursing co-ordinators and supervisors
D112	Registered nurses	NU		3012	Registered nurses and registered psychiatric nurses
			*	3124	Allied primary health practitioners	Nurse practitioners
D2	Technical and related occupations in health	NU	*	31	Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	Midwives
			*	32	Technical occupations in health	Except pharmacy, physiotherapy and occupational therapy assistants and technicians
			*	34	Assisting occupations in support of health services	Emergency medical care assistants
D21	Medical technologists and technicians (except dental health)	NU	*	321	Medical technologists and technicians (except dental health)	Except pharmacy technicians
D211	Medical laboratory technologists and pathologists' assistants	NU		3211	Medical laboratory technologists
			*	3212	Medical laboratory technicians and pathologists' assistants	Pathology assistants and morgue attendant supervisors
D212	Medical laboratory technicians	NU	*	3212	Medical laboratory technicians and pathologists' assistants	Except pathology assistants and morgue attendant supervisors
D213	Veterinary and animal health technologists and technicians	NC/T		3213	Animal health technologists and veterinary technicians
D214	Respiratory therapists, clinical perfusionists and cardiopulmonary technologists	NC		3214	Respiratory therapists, clinical perfusionists and cardiopulmonary technologists
D215	Medical radiation technologists	NC		3215	Medical radiation technologists
D216	Medical sonographers	NC		3216	Medical sonographers
D217	Cardiology technologists	NU	*	3217	Cardiology technologists and electrophysiological diagnostic technologists, n.e.c.	Cardiology technologists
D218	Electroencephalographic and other diagnostic technologists, n.e.c.	NU	*	3217	Cardiology technologists and electrophysiological diagnostic technologists, n.e.c.	Electrophysiological diagnostic technologists, n.e.c.
D219	Other medical technologists and technicians (except dental health)	NU	*	3219	Other medical technologists and technicians (except dental health)	Except pharmacy technicians
D22	Technical occupations in dental health care	NC		322	Technical occupations in dental health care
D221	Denturists	NC		3221	Denturists
D222	Dental hygienists and dental therapists	NC		3222	Dental hygienists and dental therapists
D223	Dental technologists, technicians and laboratory bench workers	NC/T		3223	Dental technologists, technicians and laboratory assistants
D23	Other technical occupations in health care (except dental)	NU	*	312	Optometrists, chiropractors and other health diagnosing and treating professionals	Midwives
			*	323	Other technical occupations in health care	Except physiotherapy and occupational therapy assistants and technicians
			*	341	Assisting occupations in support of health services	Emergency medical care assistants
D231	Opticians	NC		3231	Opticians
D232	Midwives and practitioners of natural healing	NU	*	3124	Allied primary health practitioners	Midwives
				3232	Practitioners of natural healing
D233	Licensed practical nurses	NC		3233	Licensed practical nurses
D234	Ambulance attendants and other paramedical occupations	NU		3234	Paramedical occupations
			*	3413	Nurse aides, orderlies and patient service associates	Emergency medical care assistants
D235	Other technical occupations in therapy and assessment	NU		3236	Massage therapists
			*	3237	Other technical occupations in therapy and assessment	Except physiotherapy and occupational therapy assistants and technicians
D3	Assisting occupations in support of health services	NU	*	32	Technical occupations in health	Pharmacy, physiotherapy and occupational therapy assistants and technicians
			*	34	Assisting occupations in support of health services	Except emergency medical care assistants
D31	Assisting occupations in support of health services	NU	*	321	Medical technologists and technicians (except dental health)	Pharmacy technicians
			*	323	Other technical occupations in health care	Physiotherapy and occupational therapy assistants and technicians
			*	341	Assisting occupations in support of health services	Except emergency medical care assistants
D311	Dental assistants	NC		3411	Dental assistants
D312	Nurse aides, orderlies and patient service associates	NU	*	3413	Nurse aides, orderlies and patient service associates	Except emergency medical care assistants
D313	Other assisting occupations in support of health services	NU	*	3219	Other medical technologists and technicians (except dental health)	Pharmacy technicians
			*	3237	Other technical occupations in therapy and assessment	Physiotherapy and occupational therapy assistants and technicians
				3414	Other assisting occupations in support of health services
E	Occupations in social science, education, government service and religion	NU	*	1	Business, finance and administration occupations	Legal assistants, social science research assistants (except university) and marketing consultants (advertising)
			*	3	Health occupations	Kinesiologists and exercise physiologists and therapists
			*	4	Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	Except occupations in front-line public protection services, care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations
			*	5	Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	Fitness supervisors, fitness appraisers, camp and pool co-ordinators and elementary school and high school librarians
E0	Judges, lawyers, psychologists, social workers, ministers of religion, and policy and program officers	NU	*	11	Professional occupations in business and finance	Marketing consultants —advertising
			*	12	Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	Social science research assistants (except university)
			*	31	Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	Kinesiologists and exercise physiologists and therapists
			*	41	Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	Except employment counsellors
				52	Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	Fitness supervisors, fitness appraisers and camp and pool co-ordinators
E01	Judges, lawyers and Quebec notaries	NC		411	Judges, lawyers and Quebec notaries
E011	Judges	NC		4111	Judges
E012	Lawyers and Quebec notaries	NC		4112	Lawyers and Quebec notaries
E02	Psychologists, social workers, counsellors, clergy and probation officers	NU	*	415	Social and community service professionals	Except employment counsellors
E021	Psychologists	NC		4151	Psychologists
E022	Social workers	NC		4152	Social workers
E023	Family, marriage and other related counsellors	NC		4153	Family, marriage and other related counsellors
E024	Ministers of religion	NC/T		4154	Professional occupations in religion
E025	Probation and parole officers and related occupations	NC		4155	Probation and parole officers and related occupations
E03	Policy and program officers, researchers and consultants	NU	*	112	Human resources and business service professionals	Marketing consultants —advertising
			*	125	Court reporters, transcriptionists, records management technicians and statistical officers	Social science research assistants (except university)
			*	314	Therapy and assessment professionals	Kinesiologists and exercise physiologists and therapists
				416	Policy and program researchers, consultants and officers
			*	525	Athletes, coaches, referees and related occupations	Fitness supervisors, fitness appraisers and camp and pool co-ordinators
E031	Natural and applied science policy researchers, consultants and program officers	NC		4161	Natural and applied science policy researchers, consultants and program officers
E032	Economists and economic policy researchers and analysts	NC		4162	Economists and economic policy researchers and analysts
E033	Business development officers and marketing researchers and consultants	NU	*	1123	Professional occupations in advertising, marketing and public relations	Marketing consultants —advertising
				4163	Business development officers and marketing researchers and consultants
E034	Social policy researchers, consultants and program officers	NU	*	1254	Statistical officers and related research support occupations	Social science research assistants (except university)
				4164	Social policy researchers, consultants and program officers
E035	Education policy researchers, consultants and program officers	NC		4166	Education policy researchers, consultants and program officers
E036	Recreation, sports and fitness program supervisors and consultants	NU	*	3144	Other professional occupations in therapy and assessment	Kinesiologists and exercise physiologists and therapists
				4167	Recreation, sports and fitness policy researchers, consultants and program officers
			*	5254	Program leaders and instructors in recreation, sport and fitness	Fitness supervisors, fitness appraisers and camp and pool co-ordinators
E037	Program officers unique to government	NC		4168	Program officers unique to government
E038	Other professional occupations in social science, n.e.c.	NC		4169	Other professional occupations in social science, n.e.c.
E039	Health policy researchers, consultants and program officers	NC		4165	Health policy researchers, consultants and program officers
E1	Teachers and professors	NU		40	Professional occupations in education services
			*	52	Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	Elementary school and high school librarians
E11	University professors and assistants	NC/T		401	University professors and post-secondary assistants
E111	University professors	NU	*	4011	University professors and lecturers	Except postdoctoral fellows
E112	Post-secondary teaching and research assistants	NU	*	4011	University professors and lecturers	Postdoctoral fellows
				4012	Post-secondary teaching and research assistants
E12	College and other vocational instructors	NC		402	College and other vocational instructors
E121	College and other vocational instructors	NC		4021	College and other vocational instructors
E13	Secondary and elementary school teachers and educational counsellors	NU		403	Secondary and elementary school teachers and educational counsellors
			*	521	Technical occupations in libraries, public archives, museums and art galleries	Elementary school and high school librarians
E131	Secondary school teachers	NU		4031	Secondary school teachers
			*	5211	Library and public archive technicians	High school librarians
E132	Elementary school and kindergarten teachers	NU		4032	Elementary school and kindergarten teachers
			*	5211	Library and public archive technicians	Elementary school librarians
E133	Educational counsellors	NC		4033	Educational counsellors
E2	Paralegals, social services workers and occupations in education and religion, n.e.c.	NU	*	12	Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	Legal assistants
			*	41	Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	Employment counsellors
				42	Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services
E21	Paralegals, social services workers and occupations in education and religion, n.e.c.	NU	*	124	Office administrative assistants - general, legal and medical	Legal assistants
			*	415	Social and community service professionals	Employment counsellors
				421	Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services
E211	Paralegal and related occupations	NU	*	1242	Legal administrative assistants	Legal assistants
				4211	Paralegal and related occupations
E212	Community and social service workers	NC/T		4212	Social and community service workers
E213	Employment counsellors	NC		4156	Employment counsellors
E214	Instructors and teachers of persons with disabilities	NC/T		4215	Instructors of persons with disabilities
E215	Other instructors	NC		4216	Other instructors
E216	Other religious occupations	NC		4217	Other religious occupations
E217	Early childhood educators and assistants	NC		4214	Early childhood educators and assistants
F	Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	NU	*	1	Business, finance and administration occupations	Professional occupations in public relations and communications and library assistants
			*	5	Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	Except fitness supervisors, fitness appraisers, camp and pool co-ordinators, interior decorators and elementary school and high school librarians
F0	Professional occupations in art and culture	NU	*	11	Professional occupations in business and finance	Professional occupations in public relations and communications
				51	Professional occupations in art and culture
F01	Librarians, archivists, conservators and curators	NC		511	Librarians, archivists, conservators and curators
F011	Librarians	NC		5111	Librarians
F012	Conservators and curators	NC		5112	Conservators and curators
F013	Archivists	NC		5113	Archivists
F02	Writing, translating and public relations professionals	NU	*	112	Human resources and business service professionals	Professional occupations in public relations and communications
				512	Writing, translating and related communications professionals
F021	Authors and writers	NC		5121	Authors and writers
F022	Editors	NC		5122	Editors
F023	Journalists	NC		5123	Journalists
F024	Professional occupations in public relations and communications	NU	*	1123	Professional occupations in advertising, marketing and public relations	Professional occupations in public relations and communications
F025	Translators, terminologists and interpreters	NC		5125	Translators, terminologists and interpreters
F03	Creative and performing artists	NC		513	Creative and performing artists
F031	Producers, directors, choreographers and related occupations	NC		5131	Producers, directors, choreographers and related occupations
F032	Conductors, composers and arrangers	NC		5132	Conductors, composers and arrangers
F033	Musicians and singers	NC		5133	Musicians and singers
F034	Dancers	NC		5134	Dancers
F035	Actors and comedians	NC		5135	Actors and comedians
F036	Painters, sculptors and other visual artists	NC		5136	Painters, sculptors and other visual artists
F1	Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	NU	*	14	Office support occupations	Library assistants
			*	52	Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	Except fitness supervisors, fitness appraisers, camp and pool co-ordinators, interior decorators and elementary school and high school librarians
F11	Technical occupations in libraries, archives, museums and art galleries	NU	*	145	Library, correspondence and other clerks	Library assistants
			*	521	Technical occupations in libraries, public archives, museums and art galleries	Except elementary school and high school librarians
F111	Library and archive technicians and assistants	NU	*	1451	Library assistants and clerks	Library assistants
			*	5211	Library and public archive technicians	Except elementary school and high school librarians
F112	Technical occupations related to museums and art galleries	NC		5212	Technical occupations related to museums and art galleries
F12	Photographers, graphic arts technicians and technical and co-ordinating occupations in motion pictures, broadcasting and the performing arts	NC		522	Photographers, graphic arts technicians and technical and co-ordinating occupations in motion pictures, broadcasting and the performing arts
F121	Photographers	NC		5221	Photographers
F122	Film and video camera operators	NC		5222	Film and video camera operators
F123	Graphic arts technicians	NC		5223	Graphic arts technicians
F124	Broadcast technicians	NC		5224	Broadcast technicians
F125	Audio and video recording technicians	NC		5225	Audio and video recording technicians
F126	Other technical and co-ordinating occupations in motion pictures, broadcasting and the performing arts	NC		5226	Other technical and co-ordinating occupations in motion pictures, broadcasting and the performing arts
F127	Support occupations in motion pictures, broadcasting and the performing arts	NC/T		5227	Support occupations in motion pictures, broadcasting, photography and the performing arts
F13	Announcers and other performers	NC/T		523	Announcers and other performers, n.e.c.
F131	Announcers and other broadcasters	NC		5231	Announcers and other broadcasters
F132	Other performers	NC/T		5232	Other performers, n.e.c.
F14	Creative designers and craftspersons	NU	*	524	Creative designers and craftspersons	Except interior decorators
F141	Graphic designers and illustrators	NC		5241	Graphic designers and illustrators
F142	Interior designers	NU	*	5242	Interior designers and interior decorators	Interior designers
F143	Theatre, fashion, exhibit and other creative designers	NC		5243	Theatre, fashion, exhibit and other creative designers
F144	Artisans and craftspersons	NC		5244	Artisans and craftspersons
F145	Patternmakers - textile, leather and fur products	NC		5245	Patternmakers - textile, leather and fur products
F15	Athletes, coaches, referees and related occupations	NU	*	525	Athletes, coaches, referees and related occupations	Except fitness supervisors, fitness appraisers and camp and pool co-ordinators
F151	Athletes	NC		5251	Athletes
F152	Coaches	NC		5252	Coaches
F153	Sports officials and referees	NC		5253	Sports officials and referees
F154	Program leaders and instructors in recreation, sport and fitness	NU	*	5254	Program leaders and instructors in recreation, sport and fitness	Except fitness supervisors, fitness appraisers and camp and pool co-ordinators
G	Sales and service occupations	NU	*	0	Management occupations	Certain food store section managers, e.g., meat managers and deli managers in food stores
			*	4	Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	Occupations in front-line public protection services, care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations
			*	5	Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	Interior decorators
			*	6	Sales and service occupations	Except customer and information services supervisors and representatives, financial sales representatives, facilities porters and upholsterers, tailors, shoe repairers, jewellers and related occupations
G0	Sales and service supervisors	NU	*	06	Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	Certain food store section managers, e.g., meat managers and deli managers in food stores
			*	62	Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	Retail sales supervisors
			*	63	Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	Service supervisors (except customer and information service supervisors and supervisors of casino occupations)
G01	Sales and service supervisors	NU	*	062	Retail and wholesale trade managers	Certain food store section managers, e.g., meat managers and deli managers in food stores
				621	Retail sales supervisors
			*	631	Service supervisors	Except customer and information service supervisors and supervisors of casino occupations
G011	Retail trade supervisors	NU	*	0621	Retail and wholesale trade managers	Certain food store section managers, e.g., meat managers and deli managers in food stores
				6211	Retail sales supervisors
G012	Food service supervisors	NC		6311	Food service supervisors
G013	Executive housekeepers	NC		6312	Executive housekeepers
G014	Dry cleaning and laundry supervisors	NU	*	6316	Other services supervisors	Dry cleaning and laundry supervisors
G015	Cleaning supervisors	NC		6315	Cleaning supervisors
G016	Other service supervisors	NU	*	6313	Accommodation, travel, tourism and related services supervisors	Except supervisors of casino occupations
			*	6316	Other services supervisors	Except dry cleaning and laundry supervisors
G1	Wholesale, technical, insurance, real estate sales specialists, and retail, wholesale and grain buyers	NU	*	62	Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	Technical sales specialists in wholesale trade, retail and wholesale buyers and insurance and real estate sales occupations
			*	64	Sales representatives and salespersons - wholesale and retail trade	Sales and account representatives - wholesale trade (non-technical)
G11	Sales representatives, wholesale trade	NC/T		641	Sales and account representatives - wholesale trade (non-technical)
G111	Sales representatives - wholesale trade (non-technical)	NC/T		6411	Sales and account representatives - wholesale trade (non-technical)
G12	Technical sales specialists, wholesale trade	NU	*	622	Technical sales specialists in wholesale trade and retail and wholesale buyers	Technical sales specialists - wholesale trade
G121	Technical sales specialists - wholesale trade	NU	*	6221	Technical sales specialists - wholesale trade	Except grain elevator operators
G13	Insurance and real estate sales occupations and buyers	NU	*	622	Technical sales specialists in wholesale trade and retail and wholesale buyers	Grain elevator operators and retail and wholesale buyers
			*	623	Insurance, real estate and financial sales occupations	Insurance agents and brokers and real estate agents and salespersons
G131	Insurance agents and brokers	NC		6231	Insurance agents and brokers
G132	Real estate agents and salespersons	NC		6232	Real estate agents and salespersons
G133	Retail and wholesale buyers	NC		6222	Retail and wholesale buyers
G134	Grain elevator operators	NU	*	6221	Technical sales specialists - wholesale trade	Grain elevator operators
G2	Retail salespersons and sales clerks	NU	*	52	Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	Interior decorators
			*	64	Sales representatives and salespersons - wholesale and retail trade	Retail salespersons
G21	Retail salespersons and sales clerks	NU	*	524	Creative designers and craftspersons	Interior decorators
				642	Retail salespersons
G211	Retail salespersons and sales clerks	NU	*	5242	Interior designers and interior decorators	Interior decorators
				6421	Retail salespersons
G3	Cashiers	NU	*	66	Sales support occupations	Cashiers
G31	Cashiers	NC		661	Cashiers
G311	Cashiers	NC		6611	Cashiers
G4	Chefs and cooks	NU	*	63	Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	Chefs and cooks
G41	Chefs and cooks	NC		632	Chefs and cooks
G411	Chefs	NC		6321	Chefs
G412	Cooks	NC		6322	Cooks
G5	Occupations in food and beverage service	NU	*	65	Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	Occupations in food and beverage service
G51	Occupations in food and beverage service	NC		651	Occupations in food and beverage service
G511	Maîtres d'hôtel and hosts/hostesses	NC		6511	Maîtres d'hôtel and hosts/hostesses
G512	Bartenders	NC		6512	Bartenders
G513	Food and beverage servers	NC		6513	Food and beverage servers
G6	Occupations in protective services	NU		43	Occupations in front-line public protection services
			*	44	Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	Legal and public protection support occupations
			*	65	Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	Security guards and related security service occupations
G61	Police officers and firefighters	NU	*	431	Occupations in front-line public protection services	Except non-commissioned ranks of the Canadian Forces
G611	Police officers (except commissioned)	NC		4311	Police officers (except commissioned)
G612	Firefighters	NC		4312	Firefighters
G62	Other occupations in protective service	NU	*	431	Occupations in front-line public protection services	Non-commissioned ranks of the Canadian Forces
				442	Legal and public protection support occupations
			*	654	Security guards and related security service occupations	Other protective service occupations
G621	Sheriffs and bailiffs	NC		4421	Sheriffs and bailiffs
G622	Correctional service officers	NC		4422	Correctional service officers
G623	By-law enforcement and other regulatory officers, n.e.c.	NC		4423	By-law enforcement and other regulatory officers, n.e.c.
G624	Other ranks, armed forces	NC/T		4313	Non-commissioned ranks of the Canadian Forces
G625	Other protective service occupations	NU	*	6541	Security guards and related security service occupations	Other protective service occupations
G63	Security guards and related occupations	NU	*	654	Security guards and related security service occupations	Security guards and related occupations
G631	Security guards and related occupations	NU	*	6541	Security guards and related security service occupations	Security guards and related occupations
G7	Occupations in travel and accommodation including attendants in recreation and sport	NU	*	63	Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	Supervisors of casino occupations
			*	65	Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	Occupations in travel, accommodation, tourism and amusement services
			*	67	Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	Support occupations in accommodation, travel and amusement services
G71	Occupations in travel and accommodation	NC		652	Occupations in travel and accommodation
G711	Travel counsellors	NC		6521	Travel counsellors
G712	Pursers and flight attendants	NC		6522	Pursers and flight attendants
G713	Airline sales and service agents	NC/T		6523	Airline ticket and service agents
G714	Ticket agents, cargo service representatives and related clerks (except airline)	NC/T		6524	Ground and water transport ticket agents, cargo service representatives and related clerks
G715	Hotel front desk clerks	NC		6525	Hotel front desk clerks
G72	Tour and recreational guides and casino occupations	NU		653	Tourism and amusement services occupations
			*	631	Service supervisors	Supervisors of casino occupations
G721	Tour and travel guides	NC		6531	Tour and travel guides
G722	Outdoor sport and recreational guides	NC		6532	Outdoor sport and recreational guides
G723	Casino occupations	NU	*	6313	Accommodation, travel, tourism and related services supervisors	Supervisors of casino occupations
				6533	Casino occupations
G73	Other occupations in travel, accommodation, amusement and recreation	NU	*	672	Support occupations in accommodation, travel and amusement services	Except facilities porters
G731	Operators and attendants in amusement, recreation and sport	NC		6722	Operators and attendants in amusement, recreation and sport
G732	Other attendants in accommodation and travel	NU	*	6721	Support occupations in accommodation, travel and facilities set-up services	Except facilities porters
G8	Childcare and home support workers	NU	*	44	Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	Home care providers and educational support occupations
G81	Childcare and home support workers	NC/T		441	Home care providers and educational support occupations
G811	Visiting homemakers, housekeepers and related occupations	NU	*	4411	Home child care providers	Foster parents
				4412	Home support workers, housekeepers and related occupations
G812	Elementary and secondary school teacher assistants	NC		4413	Elementary and secondary school teacher assistants
G814	Babysitters, nannies and parents' helpers	NU	*	4411	Home child care providers	Except foster parents
G9	Sales and service occupations n.e.c.	NU	*	63	Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	Butchers, bakers, hairstylists, barbers, funeral directors and embalmers
			*	65	Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	Other occupations in personal service
			*	66	Sales support occupations	Other sales support and related occupations
			*	67	Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	Except support occupations in accommodation, travel and amusement services and facilities porters
G91	Technical occupations in personal service	NU	*	634	Specialized occupations in personal and customer services	Hairstylists, barbers, funeral directors and embalmers
G911	Hairstylists and barbers	NC		6341	Hairstylists and barbers
G912	Funeral directors and embalmers	NC		6346	Funeral directors and embalmers
G92	Other occupations in personal service	NC		656	Other occupations in personal service
G921	Image, social and other personal consultants	NC		6561	Image, social and other personal consultants
G922	Estheticians, electrologists and related occupations	NC		6562	Estheticians, electrologists and related occupations
G923	Pet groomers and animal care workers	NC		6563	Pet groomers and animal care workers
G924	Other personal service occupations	NC		6564	Other personal service occupations
G93	Cleaners	NC		673	Cleaners
G931	Light duty cleaners	NC		6731	Light duty cleaners
G932	Specialized cleaners	NC		6732	Specialized cleaners
G933	Janitors, caretakers and building superintendents	NC		6733	Janitors, caretakers and building superintendents
G94	Butchers and bakers	NC		633	Butchers and bakers
G941	Butchers, meat cutters and fishmongers - retail and wholesale	NC		6331	Butchers, meat cutters and fishmongers - retail and wholesale
G942	Bakers	NC		6332	Bakers
G96	Food counter attendants, kitchen helpers and related occupations	NU	*	671	Food counter attendants, kitchen helpers and related support occupations	Except popcorn, ice cream and hot dog vendors
G961	Food counter attendants, kitchen helpers and related occupations	NU	*	6711	Food counter attendants, kitchen helpers and related support occupations	Except popcorn, ice cream and hot dog vendors
G97	Other sales and related occupations	NU		662	Other sales support and related occupations
			*	671	Food counter attendants, kitchen helpers and related support occupations	Popcorn, ice cream and hot dog vendors
G971	Service station attendants	NC		6621	Service station attendants
G972	Grocery clerks and store shelf stockers	NC/T		6622	Store shelf stockers, clerks and order fillers
G973	Other elemental sales occupations	NU		6623	Other sales related occupations
			*	6711	Food counter attendants, kitchen helpers and related support occupations	Popcorn, ice cream and hot dog vendors
G98	Other elemental service occupations	NC/T		674	Other service support and related occupations, n.e.c.
G981	Dry cleaning and laundry occupations	NU	*	6741	Dry cleaning, laundry and related occupations	Dry cleaning and laundry occupations
G982	Ironing, pressing and finishing occupations	NU	*	6741	Dry cleaning, laundry and related occupations	Ironing, pressing and finishing occupations
G983	Other elemental service occupations	NC/T		6742	Other service support occupations, n.e.c.
H	Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	NU	*	6	Sales and service occupations	Facilities porters, upholsterers, tailors, shoe repairers, jewellers and related occupations
				7	Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations
			*	9	Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	Power engineers and power systems operators
H0	Contractors and supervisors in trades and transportation	NU	*	72	Industrial, electrical and construction trades	Contractors and supervisors, industrial, electrical and construction trades and related workers
			*	73	Maintenance and equipment operation trades	Contractors and supervisors, maintenance trades and heavy equipment and transport operators
H01	Contractors and supervisors, trades and related workers	NU		720	Contractors and supervisors, industrial, electrical and construction trades and related workers
			*	730	Contractors and supervisors, maintenance trades and heavy equipment and transport operators	Contractors and supervisors, maintenance trades and heavy equipment operators
H011	Supervisors, machinists and related occupations	NU	*	7201	Contractors and supervisors, machining, metal forming, shaping and erecting trades and related occupations	Supervisors, machinists and related occupations
H012	Contractors and supervisors, electrical trades and telecommunications occupations	NC		7202	Contractors and supervisors, electrical trades and telecommunications occupations
H013	Contractors and supervisors, pipefitting trades	NC		7203	Contractors and supervisors, pipefitting trades
H014	Contractors and supervisors, metal forming, shaping and erecting trades	NU	*	7201	Contractors and supervisors, machining, metal forming, shaping and erecting trades and related occupations	Contractors and supervisors, metal forming, shaping and erecting trades
H015	Contractors and supervisors, carpentry trades	NC		7204	Contractors and supervisors, carpentry trades
H016	Contractors and supervisors, mechanic trades	NC		7301	Contractors and supervisors, mechanic trades
H017	Contractors and supervisors, heavy construction equipment crews	NC/T		7302	Contractors and supervisors, heavy equipment operator crews
H018	Supervisors, printing and related occupations	NC		7303	Supervisors, printing and related occupations
H019	Contractors and supervisors, other construction trades, installers, repairers and servicers	NC		7205	Contractors and supervisors, other construction trades, installers, repairers and servicers
H02	Supervisors, railway and motor transportation occupations	NU	*	730	Contractors and supervisors, maintenance trades and heavy equipment and transport operators	Supervisors, railway and motor transportation occupations
H021	Supervisors, railway transport operations	NC		7304	Supervisors, railway transport operations
H022	Supervisors, motor transport and other ground transit operators	NC		7305	Supervisors, motor transport and other ground transit operators
H1	Construction trades	NU	*	72	Industrial, electrical and construction trades	Construction trades
H11	Plumbers, pipefitters and gas fitters	NC		725	Plumbers, pipefitters and gas fitters
H111	Plumbers	NC		7251	Plumbers
H112	Steamfitters, pipefitters and sprinkler system installers	NC		7252	Steamfitters, pipefitters and sprinkler system installers
H113	Gas fitters	NC		7253	Gas fitters
H12	Carpenters and cabinetmakers	NC		727	Carpenters and cabinetmakers
H121	Carpenters	NC		7271	Carpenters
H122	Cabinetmakers	NC		7272	Cabinetmakers
H13	Masonry and plastering trades	NC		728	Masonry and plastering trades
H131	Bricklayers	NC		7281	Bricklayers
H132	Concrete finishers	NC		7282	Concrete finishers
H133	Tilesetters	NC		7283	Tilesetters
H134	Plasterers, drywall installers and finishers and lathers	NC		7284	Plasterers, drywall installers and finishers and lathers
H14	Other construction trades	NC		729	Other construction trades
H141	Roofers and shinglers	NC		7291	Roofers and shinglers
H142	Glaziers	NC		7292	Glaziers
H143	Insulators	NC		7293	Insulators
H144	Painters and decorators	NC/T		7294	Painters and decorators (except interior decorators)
H145	Floor covering installers	NC		7295	Floor covering installers
H2	Stationary engineers, power station operators and electrical trades and telecommunications occupations	NU	*	72	Industrial, electrical and construction trades	Electrical trades and electrical power line and telecommunications workers
			*	92	Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	Power engineers and power systems operators
H21	Electrical trades and telecommunication occupations	NC/T		724	Electrical trades and electrical power line and telecommunications workers
H211	Electricians (except industrial and power system)	NC		7241	Electricians (except industrial and power system)
H212	Industrial electricians	NC		7242	Industrial electricians
H213	Power system electricians	NC		7243	Power system electricians
H214	Electrical power line and cable workers	NC		7244	Electrical power line and cable workers
H215	Telecommunications line and cable workers	NC		7245	Telecommunications line and cable workers
H216	Telecommunications installation and repair workers	NC		7246	Telecommunications installation and repair workers
H217	Cable television service and maintenance technicians	NC		7247	Cable television service and maintenance technicians
H22	Stationary engineers and power station and system operators	NU	*	924	Utilities equipment operators and controllers	Power engineers and power systems operators
H221	Stationary engineers and auxiliary equipment operators	NU	*	9241	Power engineers and power systems operators	Stationary engineers and auxiliary equipment operators
H222	Power systems and power station operators	NU	*	9241	Power engineers and power systems operators	Power systems and power station operators
H3	Machinists, metal forming, shaping and erecting occupations	NU	*	72	Industrial, electrical and construction trades	Machinists, metal forming, shaping and erecting occupations
			*	73	Maintenance and equipment operation trades	Blacksmiths and die setters
H31	Machinists and related occupations	NU	*	723	Machining, metal forming, shaping and erecting trades	Machinists and related occupations
H311	Machinists and machining and tooling inspectors	NC		7231	Machinists and machining and tooling inspectors
H312	Tool and die makers	NC		7232	Tool and die makers
H32	Metal forming, shaping and erecting trades	NU	*	723	Machining, metal forming, shaping and erecting trades	Metal forming, shaping and erecting trades (except blacksmiths and die setters)
			*	738	Printing press operators and other trades and related occupations, n.e.c.	Blacksmiths and die setters
H321	Sheet metal workers	NC		7233	Sheet metal workers
H322	Boilermakers	NC		7234	Boilermakers
H323	Structural metal and platework fabricators and fitters	NC		7235	Structural metal and platework fabricators and fitters
H324	Ironworkers	NC		7236	Ironworkers
H325	Blacksmiths and die setters	NU	*	7384	Other trades and related occupations, n.e.c.	Blacksmiths and die setters
H326	Welders and related machine operators	NC		7237	Welders and related machine operators
H4	Mechanics	NU	*	73	Maintenance and equipment operation trades	Maintenance trades
H41	Machinery and transportation equipment mechanics (except motor vehicle)	NC		731	Machinery and transportation equipment mechanics (except motor vehicle)
H411	Construction millwrights and industrial mechanics (except textile)	NU	*	7311	Construction millwrights and industrial mechanics	Except textile machinery mechanics and repairers
H412	Heavy-duty equipment mechanics	NC		7312	Heavy-duty equipment mechanics
H413	Refrigeration and air conditioning mechanics	NC		7313	Refrigeration and air conditioning mechanics
H414	Railway carmen/women	NC		7314	Railway carmen/women
H415	Aircraft mechanics and aircraft inspectors	NC		7315	Aircraft mechanics and aircraft inspectors
H416	Machine fitters	NC		7316	Machine fitters
H417	Textile machinery mechanics and repairers	NU	*	7311	Construction millwrights and industrial mechanics	Textile machinery mechanics and repairers
H418	Elevator constructors and mechanics	NC		7318	Elevator constructors and mechanics
H42	Automotive service technicians	NC		732	Automotive service technicians
H421	Automotive service technicians, truck and bus mechanics and mechanical repairers	NC		7321	Automotive service technicians, truck and bus mechanics and mechanical repairers
H422	Motor vehicle body repairers	NC		7322	Motor vehicle body repairers
H43	Other mechanics	NC/T		733	Other mechanics and related repairers
H431	Oil and solid fuel heating mechanics	NC		7331	Oil and solid fuel heating mechanics
H432	Electric appliance servicers and repairers	NC/T		7332	Appliance servicers and repairers
H433	Electrical mechanics	NC		7333	Electrical mechanics
H434	Motorcycle and other related mechanics	NU	*	7334	Motorcycle, all-terrain vehicle and other related mechanics	Except motor boat mechanics
H435	Other small engine and equipment mechanics	NU	*	7334	Motorcycle, all-terrain vehicle and other related mechanics	Motor boat mechanics
				7335	Other small engine and small equipment repairers
H5	Other trades n.e.c.	NU	*	63	Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	Upholsterers, tailors, shoe repairers, jewellers and related occupations
			*	73	Maintenance and equipment operation trades	Printing press operators and other trades and related occupations, n.e.c. (except blacksmiths and die setters)
			*	74	Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	Other installers, repairers and servicers
			*	75	Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	Other automotive mechanical installers and servicers
H51	Upholsterers, tailors, shoe repairers, jewellers and related occupations	NU	*	634	Specialized occupations in personal and customer services	Upholsterers, tailors, shoe repairers, jewellers and related occupations
H511	Upholsterers	NC		6345	Upholsterers
H512	Tailors, dressmakers, furriers and milliners	NC		6342	Tailors, dressmakers, furriers and milliners
H513	Shoe repairers and shoemakers	NC		6343	Shoe repairers and shoemakers
H514	Jewellers, watch repairers and related occupations	NC/T		6344	Jewellers, jewellery and watch repairers and related occupations
H52	Printing press operators, commercial divers and other trades and related occupations, n.e.c.	NU	*	738	Printing press operators and other trades and related occupations, n.e.c.	Except blacksmiths and die setters
H521	Printing press operators	NC		7381	Printing press operators
H522	Commercial divers	NU	*	7384	Other trades and related occupations, n.e.c.	Commercial divers
H523	Other trades and related occupations	NU	*	7384	Other trades and related occupations, n.e.c.	Except commercial divers, blacksmiths and die setters
H53	Other installers, repairers and servicers	NU		744	Other installers, repairers and servicers
			*	753	Other transport equipment operators and related maintenance workers	Other automotive mechanical installers and servicers
H531	Residential and commercial installers and servicers	NC		7441	Residential and commercial installers and servicers
H532	Waterworks and gas maintenance workers	NC		7442	Waterworks and gas maintenance workers
H533	Automotive mechanical installers and servicers	NC/T		7535	Other automotive mechanical installers and servicers
H534	Pest controllers and fumigators	NC		7444	Pest controllers and fumigators
H535	Other repairers and servicers	NC		7445	Other repairers and servicers
H6	Heavy equipment and crane operators including drillers	NU	*	73	Maintenance and equipment operation trades	Crane operators, drillers and blasters
			*	75	Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	Heavy equipment operators
H61	Heavy equipment operators	NU	*	752	Heavy equipment operators	Except utility arborists
H611	Heavy equipment operators (except crane)	NC		7521	Heavy equipment operators (except crane)
H612	Public works maintenance equipment operators	NU	*	7522	Public works maintenance equipment operators and related workers	Except utility arborists
H62	Crane operators, drillers and blasters	NC		737	Crane operators, drillers and blasters
H621	Crane operators	NC		7371	Crane operators
H622	Drillers and blasters - surface mining, quarrying and construction	NC		7372	Drillers and blasters - surface mining, quarrying and construction
H623	Water well drillers	NC		7373	Water well drillers
H7	Transportation equipment operators and related workers, excluding labourers	NU	*	73	Maintenance and equipment operation trades	Train crew operating occupations
			*	75	Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	Motor vehicle and transit drivers, other transport equipment operators and related maintenance workers
H71	Motor vehicle and transit drivers	NC		751	Motor vehicle and transit drivers
H711	Truck drivers	NC/T		7511	Transport truck drivers
H712	Bus drivers, subway operators and other transit operators	NC		7512	Bus drivers, subway operators and other transit operators
H713	Taxi and limousine drivers and chauffeurs	NC		7513	Taxi and limousine drivers and chauffeurs
H714	Delivery and courier service drivers	NC		7514	Delivery and courier service drivers
H72	Train crew operating occupations	NC		736	Train crew operating occupations
H721	Railway and yard locomotive engineers	NC		7361	Railway and yard locomotive engineers
H722	Railway conductors and brakemen/women	NC		7362	Railway conductors and brakemen/women
H73	Other transport equipment operators and related workers	NU	*	753	Other transport equipment operators and related maintenance workers	Except other automotive mechanical installers and servicers
H731	Railway yard workers	NU	*	7531	Railway yard and track maintenance workers	Railway yard workers
H732	Railway track maintenance workers	NU	*	7531	Railway yard and track maintenance workers	Railway track maintenance workers
H733	Deck crew, water transport	NU	*	7532	Water transport deck and engine room crew	Deck crew, water transport
H734	Engine room crew, water transport	NU	*	7532	Water transport deck and engine room crew	Engine room crew, water transport
H735	Lock and cable ferry operators and related occupations	NU	*	7533	Boat and cable ferry operators and related occupations	Lock and cable ferry operators and related occupations
H736	Boat operators	NU	*	7533	Boat and cable ferry operators and related occupations	Boat operators
H737	Air transport ramp attendants	NC		7534	Air transport ramp attendants
H8	Trades helpers, construction and transportation labourers and related occupations	NU	*	67	Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	Facilities porters
			*	74	Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	Longshore workers and material handlers
			*	75	Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	Utility arborists
				76	Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations
H81	Longshore workers and material handlers	NU	*	672	Support occupations in accommodation, travel and amusement services	Facilities porters
				745	Longshore workers and material handlers
H811	Longshore workers	NC		7451	Longshore workers
H812	Material handlers	NU	*	6721	Support occupations in accommodation, travel and facilities set-up services	Facilities porters
				7452	Material handlers
H82	Trades helpers and labourers	NU	*	752	Heavy equipment operators	Utility arborists
				761	Trades helpers and labourers
H821	Construction trades helpers and labourers	NC		7611	Construction trades helpers and labourers
H822	Other trades helpers and labourers	NU	*	7522	Public works maintenance equipment operators and related workers	Utility arborists
				7612	Other trades helpers and labourers
H83	Public works and other labourers, n.e.c.	NC		762	Public works and other labourers, n.e.c.
H831	Public works and maintenance labourers	NC		7621	Public works and maintenance labourers
H832	Railway and motor transport labourers	NC		7622	Railway and motor transport labourers
I	Occupations unique to primary industry	NU	*	0	Management occupations	Managers in agriculture, horticulture and aquaculture
				8	Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations
I0	Occupations unique to agriculture excluding labourers	NU	*	07-09	Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	Managers in agriculture, horticulture and aquaculture
			*	82	Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	Contractors and supervisors, agriculture, horticulture and related operations and services
			*	84	Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	Agriculture and horticulture workers
I01	Contractors, operators and supervisors in agriculture, horticulture and aquaculture	NU		082	Managers in agriculture, horticulture and aquaculture
				825	Contractors and supervisors, agriculture, horticulture and related operations and services
I011	Farmers and farm managers	NC/T		0821	Managers in agriculture
I012	Agricultural and related service contractors and managers	NU	*	8252	Agricultural service contractors, farm supervisors and specialized livestock workers	Except farm supervisors and specialized livestock workers
I013	Farm supervisors and specialized livestock workers	NU	*	8252	Agricultural service contractors, farm supervisors and specialized livestock workers	Farm supervisors and specialized livestock workers
I014	Nursery and greenhouse operators and managers	NC/T		0822	Managers in horticulture
I015	Landscaping and grounds maintenance contractors and managers	NU	*	8255	Contractors and supervisors, landscaping, grounds maintenance and horticulture services	Except supervisors, landscape and horticulture
I016	Supervisors, landscape and horticulture	NU	*	8255	Contractors and supervisors, landscaping, grounds maintenance and horticulture services	Supervisors, landscape and horticulture
I017	Aquaculture operators and managers	NC/T		0823	Managers in aquaculture
I02	Agriculture and horticulture workers	NC		843	Agriculture and horticulture workers
I021	General farm workers	NC		8431	General farm workers
I022	Nursery and greenhouse workers	NC		8432	Nursery and greenhouse workers
I1	Occupations unique to forestry operations, mining, oil and gas extraction and fishing, excluding labourers	NU	*	82	Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	Except contractors and supervisors, agriculture, horticulture and related operations and services
			*	84	Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	Except agriculture and horticulture workers
I11	Supervisors, logging and forestry	NC		821	Supervisors, logging and forestry
I111	Supervisors, logging and forestry	NC		8211	Supervisors, logging and forestry
I12	Supervisors, mining, oil and gas	NC/T		822	Contractors and supervisors, mining, oil and gas
I121	Supervisors, mining and quarrying	NC		8221	Supervisors, mining and quarrying
I122	Supervisors, oil and gas drilling and service	NC/T		8222	Contractors and supervisors, oil and gas drilling and services
I13	Underground miners, oil and gas drillers and related workers	NC/T		823	Underground miners, oil and gas drillers and related occupations
I131	Underground production and development miners	NC		8231	Underground production and development miners
I132	Oil and gas well drillers, servicers, testers and related workers	NC		8232	Oil and gas well drillers, servicers, testers and related workers
I14	Mine service workers and operators in oil and gas drilling	NC		841	Mine service workers and operators in oil and gas drilling
I141	Underground mine service and support workers	NC		8411	Underground mine service and support workers
I142	Oil and gas well drilling workers and services operators	NC/T		8412	Oil and gas well drilling and related workers and services operators
I15	Logging machinery operators	NC		824	Logging machinery operators
I151	Logging machinery operators	NC		8241	Logging machinery operators
I16	Logging and forestry workers	NC		842	Logging and forestry workers
I161	Chain saw and skidder operators	NC		8421	Chain saw and skidder operators
I162	Silviculture and forestry workers	NC		8422	Silviculture and forestry workers
I17	Fishing vessel masters and skippers and fishermen/women	NC/T		826	Fishing vessel masters and fishermen/women
I171	Fishing masters and officers	NC		8261	Fishing masters and officers
I172	Fishing vessel skippers and fishermen/women	NC/T		8262	Fishermen/women
I18	Other fishing and trapping occupations	NC/T		844	Other workers in fishing and trapping and hunting occupations
I181	Fishing vessel deckhands	NC		8441	Fishing vessel deckhands
I182	Trappers and hunters	NC		8442	Trappers and hunters
I2	Primary production labourers	NC/T		86	Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers
I21	Primary production labourers	NC/T		861	Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers
I211	Harvesting labourers	NC		8611	Harvesting labourers
I212	Landscaping and grounds maintenance labourers	NC		8612	Landscaping and grounds maintenance labourers
I213	Aquaculture and marine harvest labourers	NC		8613	Aquaculture and marine harvest labourers
I214	Mine labourers	NC		8614	Mine labourers
I215	Oil and gas drilling, servicing and related labourers	NC		8615	Oil and gas drilling, servicing and related labourers
I216	Logging and forestry labourers	NC		8616	Logging and forestry labourers
J	Occupations unique to processing, manufacturing and utilities	NU	*	9	Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	Except power engineers and power systems operators
J0	Supervisors in manufacturing	NU	*	92	Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	Processing, manufacturing, assembly and fabrication supervisors
J01	Supervisors, processing occupations	NU	*	921	Supervisors, processing and manufacturing occupations	Except supervisors, fabric, fur and leather products manufacturing
J011	Supervisors, mineral and metal processing	NC		9211	Supervisors, mineral and metal processing
J012	Supervisors, petroleum, gas and chemical processing and utilities	NC		9212	Supervisors, petroleum, gas and chemical processing and utilities
J013	Supervisors, food, beverage and tobacco processing	NC/T		9213	Supervisors, food, beverage and associated products processing
J014	Supervisors, plastic and rubber products manufacturing	NC		9214	Supervisors, plastic and rubber products manufacturing
J015	Supervisors, forest products processing	NC		9215	Supervisors, forest products processing
J016	Supervisors, textile processing	NU	*	9217	Supervisors, textile, fabric, fur and leather products processing and manufacturing	Supervisors, textile processing
J02	Supervisors, assembly and fabrication	NU	*	921	Supervisors, processing and manufacturing occupations	Supervisors, fabric, fur and leather products manufacturing
				922	Supervisors, assembly and fabrication
J021	Supervisors, motor vehicle assembling	NC		9221	Supervisors, motor vehicle assembling
J022	Supervisors, electronics manufacturing	NC		9222	Supervisors, electronics manufacturing
J023	Supervisors, electrical products manufacturing	NC		9223	Supervisors, electrical products manufacturing
J024	Supervisors, furniture and fixtures manufacturing	NC		9224	Supervisors, furniture and fixtures manufacturing
J025	Supervisors, fabric, fur and leather products manufacturing	NU	*	9217	Supervisors, textile, fabric, fur and leather products processing and manufacturing	Supervisors, fabric, fur and leather products manufacturing
J026	Supervisors, other mechanical and metal products manufacturing	NC		9226	Supervisors, other mechanical and metal products manufacturing
J027	Supervisors, other products manufacturing and assembly	NC		9227	Supervisors, other products manufacturing and assembly
J1	Machine operators in manufacturing	NU	*	92	Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	Central control and process operators in processing and manufacturing and water and waste treatment plant operators
				94	Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers
			*	95	Assemblers in manufacturing	Other products machine operators
J11	Central control and process operators in manufacturing and processing	NU		923	Central control and process operators in processing and manufacturing
			*	943	Machine operators and related workers in pulp and paper production and wood processing and manufacturing	Pulp and paper digester, paper coating and related machine operators
J111	Central control and process operators, mineral and metal processing	NC		9231	Central control and process operators, mineral and metal processing
J112	Petroleum, gas and chemical process operators	NC		9232	Petroleum, gas and chemical process operators
J113	Pulping control operators	NU	*	9235	Pulping, papermaking and coating control operators	Pulping technicians and control operators
			*	9432	Pulp mill machine operators	Pulp and paper digester and related machine operators
J114	Papermaking and coating control operators	NU	*	9235	Pulping, papermaking and coating control operators	Papermaking and coating control operators
			*	9433	Papermaking and finishing machine operators	Paper coating and related machine operators
J12	Machine operators and related workers in metal and mineral products processing	NU	*	941	Machine operators and related workers in mineral and metal products processing and manufacturing	Except metalworking and forging machine operators, machining tool operators and other metal products machine operators
J121	Machine operators, mineral and metal processing	NC		9411	Machine operators, mineral and metal processing
J122	Foundry workers	NC		9412	Foundry workers
J123	Glass forming and finishing machine operators and glass cutters	NC		9413	Glass forming and finishing machine operators and glass cutters
J124	Concrete, clay and stone forming operators	NC		9414	Concrete, clay and stone forming operators
J125	Inspectors and testers, mineral and metal processing	NC		9415	Inspectors and testers, mineral and metal processing
J13	Machine operators and related workers in chemical, plastic and rubber processing	NU	*	924	Utilities equipment operators and controllers	Water and waste treatment plant operators
				942	Machine operators and related workers in chemical, plastic and rubber processing
J131	Chemical plant machine operators	NC		9421	Chemical plant machine operators
J132	Plastics processing machine operators	NC		9422	Plastics processing machine operators
J133	Rubber processing machine operators and related workers	NC		9423	Rubber processing machine operators and related workers
J134	Water and waste plant operators	NC/T		9243	Water and waste treatment plant operators
J14	Machine operators and related workers in pulp and paper production and wood processing	NU	*	943	Machine operators and related workers in pulp and paper production and wood processing and manufacturing	Except paper machine operators, operators - pulp and paper and woodworking machine operators
J141	Sawmill machine operators	NC		9431	Sawmill machine operators
J142	Pulp mill machine operators	NU	*	9432	Pulp mill machine operators	Except pulp and paper digester and related machine operators
J143	Papermaking and finishing machine operators	NU	*	9433	Papermaking and finishing machine operators	Except paper coating and related machine operators
J144	Other wood processing machine operators	NC		9434	Other wood processing machine operators
J145	Paper converting machine operators	NC		9435	Paper converting machine operators
J146	Lumber graders and other wood processing inspectors and graders	NC		9436	Lumber graders and other wood processing inspectors and graders
J15	Machine operators and related workers in textile processing	NU	*	944	Machine operators and related workers in textile, fabric, fur and leather products processing and manufacturing	Machine operators and related workers in textile processing
J151	Textile fibre and yarn preparation machine operators	NU	*	9441	Textile fibre and yarn, hide and pelt processing machine operators and workers	Textile fibre and yarn preparation machine operators
J152	Weavers, knitters and other fabric-making occupations	NC/T		9442	Weavers, knitters and other fabric making occupations
J153	Textile dyeing and finishing machine operators	NU	*	9441	Textile fibre and yarn, hide and pelt processing machine operators and workers	Textile dyeing and finishing machine operators
J154	Textile inspectors, graders and samplers	NU	*	9447	Inspectors and graders, textile, fabric, fur and leather products manufacturing	Textile inspectors, graders and samplers
J16	Machine operators and related workers in fabric, fur and leather products manufacturing	NU	*	944	Machine operators and related workers in textile, fabric, fur and leather products processing and manufacturing	Machine operators and related workers in fabric, fur and leather products manufacturing
J161	Sewing machine operators	NC/T		9446	Industrial sewing machine operators
J162	Fabric, fur and leather cutters	NC		9445	Fabric, fur and leather cutters
J163	Hide and pelt processing workers	NU	*	9441	Textile fibre and yarn, hide and pelt processing machine operators and workers	Hide and pelt processing workers
J164	Inspectors and testers, fabric, fur and leather products manufacturing	NU	*	9447	Inspectors and graders, textile, fabric, fur and leather products manufacturing	Inspectors and testers, fabric, fur and leather products manufacturing
J17	Machine operators and related workers in food, beverage and tobacco processing	NC/T		946	Machine operators and related workers in food, beverage and associated products processing
J171	Process control and machine operators, food and beverage processing	NU	*	9461	Process control and machine operators, food, beverage and associated products processing	Except tobacco processing machine operators
J172	Industrial butchers and meat cutters, poultry preparers and related workers	NC		9462	Industrial butchers and meat cutters, poultry preparers and related workers
J173	Fish plant workers	NC/T		9463	Fish and seafood plant workers
J174	Tobacco processing machine operators	NU	*	9461	Process control and machine operators, food, beverage and associated products processing	Tobacco processing machine operators
J175	Testers and graders, food and beverage processing	NC/T		9465	Testers and graders, food, beverage and associated products processing
J18	Printing machine operators and related occupations	NC/T		947	Printing equipment operators and related occupations
J181	Printing machine operators	NC/T		9471	Plateless printing equipment operators
J182	Camera, platemaking and other prepress occupations	NC		9472	Camera, platemaking and other prepress occupations
J183	Binding and finishing machine operators	NC		9473	Binding and finishing machine operators
J184	Photographic and film processors	NC		9474	Photographic and film processors
J19	Machining, metalworking, woodworking and related machine operators	NU	*	941	Machine operators and related workers in mineral and metal products processing and manufacturing	Metalworking and forging machine operators, machining tool operators and other metal products machine operators
			*	943	Machine operators and related workers in pulp and paper production and wood processing and manufacturing	Woodworking machine operators
			*	953	Other assembly and related occupations	Other products machine operators
J191	Machining tool operators	NC		9417	Machining tool operators
J192	Forging machine operators	NU	*	9416	Metalworking and forging machine operators	Forging machine operators
J193	Woodworking machine operators	NC		9437	Woodworking machine operators
J194	Metalworking machine operators	NU	*	9416	Metalworking and forging machine operators	Metalworking machine operators
J196	Other metal products machine operators	NC		9418	Other metal products machine operators
J197	Other products machine operators	NU	*	9537	Other products assemblers, finishers and inspectors	Other products machine operators
J2	Assemblers in manufacturing	NU	*	95	Assemblers in manufacturing	Except other products machine operators
J21	Mechanical, electrical and electronics assemblers	NC		952	Mechanical, electrical and electronics assemblers
J211	Aircraft assemblers and aircraft assembly inspectors	NC		9521	Aircraft assemblers and aircraft assembly inspectors
J212	Motor vehicle assemblers, inspectors and testers	NC		9522	Motor vehicle assemblers, inspectors and testers
J213	Electronics assemblers, fabricators, inspectors and testers	NC		9523	Electronics assemblers, fabricators, inspectors and testers
J214	Assemblers and inspectors, electrical appliance, apparatus and equipment manufacturing	NC		9524	Assemblers and inspectors, electrical appliance, apparatus and equipment manufacturing
J215	Assemblers, fabricators and inspectors, industrial electrical motors and transformers	NC		9525	Assemblers, fabricators and inspectors, industrial electrical motors and transformers
J216	Mechanical assemblers and inspectors	NC		9526	Mechanical assemblers and inspectors
J217	Machine operators and inspectors, electrical apparatus manufacturing	NC		9527	Machine operators and inspectors, electrical apparatus manufacturing
J22	Other assembly and related occupations	NU	*	953	Other assembly and related occupations	Except other products machine operators
J221	Boat assemblers and inspectors	NC		9531	Boat assemblers and inspectors
J222	Furniture and fixture assemblers and inspectors	NC		9532	Furniture and fixture assemblers and inspectors
J223	Other wood products assemblers and inspectors	NC		9533	Other wood products assemblers and inspectors
J224	Furniture finishers and refinishers	NC		9534	Furniture finishers and refinishers
J225	Plastic products assemblers, finishers and inspectors	NC		9535	Plastic products assemblers, finishers and inspectors
J226	Painters and coaters - industrial	NU	*	9536	Industrial painters, coaters and metal finishing process operators	Industrial painters and coaters
J227	Plating, metal spraying and related operators	NU	*	9536	Industrial painters, coaters and metal finishing process operators	Industrial metal finishing process operators
J228	Other assemblers and inspectors	NU	*	9537	Other products assemblers, finishers and inspectors	Other assemblers and inspectors
J3	Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	NC		96	Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities
J31	Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	NC		961	Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities
J311	Labourers in mineral and metal processing	NC		9611	Labourers in mineral and metal processing
J312	Labourers in metal fabrication	NC		9612	Labourers in metal fabrication
J313	Labourers in chemical products processing and utilities	NC		9613	Labourers in chemical products processing and utilities
J314	Labourers in wood, pulp and paper processing	NC		9614	Labourers in wood, pulp and paper processing
J315	Labourers in rubber and plastic products manufacturing	NC		9615	Labourers in rubber and plastic products manufacturing
J316	Labourers in textile processing	NC		9616	Labourers in textile processing
J317	Labourers in food, beverage and tobacco processing	NC/T		9617	Labourers in food, beverage and associated products processing
J318	Labourers in fish processing	NC/T		9618	Labourers in fish and seafood processing
J319	Other labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	NC		9619	Other labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities