Integrated Business Statistics Program (IBSP)

Reporting Guide

This guide is designed to assist you as you complete the 2018 Annual Survey of Research and Development in Canadian Industry – Industrial Non-profit Organizations. If you need more information, please call the Statistics Canada Help Line at the number below.

Help Line: 1-800-972-9692

Your answers are confidential.

Statistics Canada is prohibited by law from releasing any information it collects which could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent or as permitted by the Statistics Act.

Statistics Canada will use information from this survey for statistical purposes.

NOTE:

1. If this organization performs in-house research and development (R&D) and outsources R&D, complete all questions.
2. If this organization performs in-house research and development (R&D) and does not outsource R&D, complete question 1-6, 9-20.
3. If this organization outsources research and development (R&D) and does not perform in-house R&D, complete questions 1-4,6-8, 13, 17-20.
4. If this organization does not perform in-house research and development (R&D) and does not outsource R&D, complete questions 1-4, 6, 13, 17-18 and 20.

For this survey

'In-house R&D' refers to

Expenditures within Canada for R&D performed within this organization by:

• employees (permanent, temporary or casual)
• self-employed individuals or contractors who are working on-site on this organization's R&D projects

'Outsourced R&D' refers to

Payments made within or outside Canada to other companies, organizations or individuals to fund R&D performance:

• grants
• fellowships
• contracts

Reporting period information

Here are some examples of common fiscal periods that fall within the targeted dates:

• May 1, 2017 to April 30, 2018
• July 1, 2017 to June 30, 2018
• October 1, 2017 to September 30, 2018
• January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018
• February 1, 2018 to January 31, 2019
• April 1, 2018 to March 31, 2019

Here are other examples of fiscal periods that fall within the required dates:

• September 18, 2017 to September 15, 2018 (e.g., floating year-end)
• June 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019 (e.g., a newly opened organization)

Definitions and Concepts

Research and experimental development (R&D) comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge – including knowledge of humankind, culture and society – and to devise new applications of available knowledge.

R&D is performed in the natural sciences, engineering, social sciences and humanities. There are three types of R&D activities: basic research, applied research and experimental development.

Activities included and excluded from R&D

Inclusions

Prototypes

Include design, construction and operation of prototypes, provided that the primary objective is to make further improvements or to undertake technical testing. Exclude if the prototype is for commercial purposes.

Pilot plants

Include construction and operation of pilot plants, provided that the primary objective is to make further improvements or to undertake technical testing. Exclude if the pilot plant is intended to be operated for commercial purposes.

New computer software or significant improvements/modifications to existing computer software

Includes technological or scientific advances in theoretical computer sciences; operating systems e.g., improvement in interface management, developing new operating system or converting an existing operating system to a significantly different hardware environment; programming languages; and applications if a significant technological change occurs.

Contracts

Include all contracts which require R&D. For contracts which include other work, report only the R&D costs.

Research work in the social sciences

Include if projects are employing new or significantly different modelling techniques or developing new formulae, analyzing data not previously available or applying new research techniques, development of community strategies for disease prevention, or health education.

Exclude:

• routine analytical projects using standard techniques and existing data
• routine market research
• routine statistical analysis intended for on-going monitoring of an activity.

Exclusions

Routine analysis in the social sciences including policy-related studies, management studies and efficiency studies

Exclude analytical projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies, principles and models of the related social sciences to bear on a particular problem (e.g., commentary on the probable economic effects of a change in the tax structure, using existing economic data; use of standard techniques in applied psychology to select and classify industrial and military personnel, students, etc., and to test children with reading or other disabilities).

Consumer surveys, advertising, market research

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for commercialization of the results of R&D.

Routine quality control and testing

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies not intended to create new knowledge, even if carried out by personnel normally engaged in R&D.

Pre-production activities such as demonstration of commercial viability, tooling up, trial production, and trouble shooting

Although R&D may be required as a result of these steps, these activities are excluded.

Prospecting, exploratory drilling, development of mines, oil or gas wells

Include only if for R&D projects concerned with new equipment or techniques in these activities, such as in-situ and tertiary recovery research.

Engineering

Exclude engineering unless it is in direct support of R&D.

Design and drawing

Exclude design and drawing unless it is in direct support of R&D.

Patent and license work

Exclude all administrative and legal work connected with patents and licenses.

Cosmetic modifications or style changes to existing products

Exclude if no significant technical improvement or modification to the existing products has occurred.

General purpose or routine data collection

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for on-going monitoring of an activity.

Routine computer programming, systems maintenance or software application

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended to support on-going operations.

Routine mathematical or statistical analysis or operations analysis

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for on-going monitoring of an activity.

Activities associated with standards compliance

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended to support standards compliance.

Specialized routine medical care such as routine pathology services

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for on-going monitoring of an activity.

In-house R&D expenditures within Canada (Q5 - Q8)

In-house R&D expenditures are composed of current in-house R&D expenditures and capital in-house R&D expenditures.

Current in-house R&D expenditures

Include:

• wages, salaries, benefits and fringe benefits, materials and supplies
• services to support R&D, including on-site R&D consultants and contactors
• necessary background literature
• minor scientific equipment
• associated administrative overhead costs.

a. Wages, salaries of permanent, temporary and casual R&D employees

Include benefits and fringe benefits of employees engaged in R&D activities. Benefits and fringe benefits include bonus payments, holiday or vacation pay, pension fund contributions, other social security payments, payroll taxes, etc.

b. Services to support R&D

Include:

• payments to on-site R&D consultants and contractors working under the direct control of your organization
• other services including indirect services purchased to support in-house R&D such as security, storage, repair, maintenance and use of buildings and equipment
• computer services, software licensing fees and dissemination of R&D findings.

c. R&D materials

Include:

• water, fuel, gas and electricity
• materials for creation of prototypes
• reference materials (books, journals, etc.)
• subscriptions to libraries and data bases, memberships to scientific societies, etc.
• cost of outsourced (contracted out or granted) small R&D prototypes or R&D models
• materials for laboratories (chemicals, animals, etc.)
• all other R&D-related materials.

d. All other current R&D costs including overhead

Include administrative and overhead costs (e.g., office, post and telecommunications, internet, insurance), prorated if necessary to allow for non-R&D activities within the organization.

Exclude:

• interest charges
• value-added taxes (goods and services tax (GST) or harmonized sales tax (HST)).

Capital in-house R&D expenditures

Capital in-house R&D expenditures are the annual gross amount paid for the acquisition of fixed assets that are used repeatedly, or continuously in the performance of R&D for more than one year. Report capital in-house R&D expenditures in full for the period when they occurred.

Include costs for software, land, buildings and structures, equipment, machinery and other capital costs.

Exclude capital depreciation.

e. Software

Include applications and systems software (original, customized and off-the-shelf software), supporting documentation and other software-related acquisitions.

f. Land acquired for R&D including testing grounds, sites for laboratories and pilot plants.

g. Buildings and structures that are constructed or purchased for R&D activities or that have undergone major improvements, modifications, renovations and repairs for R&D activities.

h. Equipment, machinery and all other capital

Include major equipment, machinery and instruments, including embedded software, acquired for R&D activities.

Outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures (Q9 - Q12)

Include payments made through contracts, grants donations and fellowships to another company, organization or individual to purchase or fund R&D activities.

Exclude expenditures for on-site R&D contractors.

1. Companies include all incorporated for-profit businesses and government business enterprises providing products in the market at market rates.
2. Private non-profit organizations include voluntary health organizations, private philanthropic foundations, associations and societies and research institutes. They are not-for-profit organizations that serve the public interest by supporting activities related to public welfare (such as health, education, the environment).
3. Industrial research institutes or associations include all non-profit organizations that serve the business sector, with industrial associations frequently consisting of their membership.
4. Federal government includes all federal government departments and agencies. It excludes federal government business enterprises providing products in the market.
5. Provincial or territorial governments include all provincial or territorial government ministries, departments and agencies. It excludes provincial or territorial government business enterprises providing products in the market.
6. Provincial or territorial research organizations are organizations created under provincial or territorial law which conduct or facilitate research on behalf of the province or territory.
7. Other organizations – individuals, non-university educational institutions, foreign governments including ministries, departments and agencies of foreign governments.

Sources of funds for in-house R&D expenditures in 2018 (Q17)

Include Canadian and foreign sources.

Exclude:

• payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 10
• capital depreciation.

a. Funds from this organization

Amount contributed by this organization to R&D performed within Canada (include interest payments and other income, land, buildings, machinery and equipment (capital expenditures) purchased for R&D).

b. Funds from member companies or affiliates

Amount received from member organizations and affiliated organizations used to perform R&D within Canada (include annual fees and sustaining grants, land, buildings, machinery and equipment (capital expenditures) purchased for R&D).

c. Federal government grants or funding

Funds received from the federal government in support of R&D activities not connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

d. Federal government contracts

Funds received from the federal government in support of R&D activities connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

e. R&D contract work for companies

Funds received from companies to perform R&D on their behalf.

f. Provincial or territorial government grants or funding

Funds received from the provincial or territorial government in support of R&D activities not connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

g. Provincial or territorial government contracts

Funds received from the provincial or territorial government in support of R&D activities connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

h. R&D contract work for private non-profit organizations

Funds received from non-profit organizations to perform R&D on their behalf.

i. Other sources

Funds received from all other sources not previously classified.

In-house R&D expenditures by fields of research and development in 2018 (Q19)

Exclude:

• payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 10
• capital depreciation.

Natural and formal sciences

Mathematics, physical sciences, chemical sciences, earth and related environmental sciences, biological sciences, other natural sciences.

Exclude computer sciences, information sciences and bioinformatics (to be reported at lines s and t).

1. Mathematics: pure mathematics, applied mathematics, statistics and probability.
2. Physical sciences: atomic, molecular and chemical physics, interaction with radiation, magnetic resonances, condensed matter physics, solid state physics and superconductivity, particles and fields physics, nuclear physics, fluids and plasma physics (including surface physics), optics (including laser optics and quantum optics), acoustics, astronomy (including astrophysics, space science).
3. Chemical sciences: organic chemistry, inorganic and nuclear chemistry, physical chemistry, polymer science and plastics, electrochemistry (dry cells, batteries, fuel cells, metal corrosion, electrolysis), colloid chemistry, analytical chemistry.
4. Earth and related environmental sciences: geosciences, geophysics, mineralogy and palaeontology, geochemistry and geophysics, physical geography, geology and volcanology, environmental sciences, meteorology, atmospheric sciences and climatic research, oceanography, hydrology and water resources.
5. Biological sciences: cell biology, microbiology and virology, biochemistry, molecular biology and biochemical research, mycology, biophysics, genetics and heredity (medical genetics under medical biotechnology), reproductive biology (medical aspects under medical biotechnology), developmental biology, plant sciences and botany, zoology, ornithology, entomology and behavioural sciences biology, marine biology, freshwater biology and limnology, ecology and biodiversity conservation, biology (theoretical, thermal, cryobiology, biological rhythm), evolutionary biology.
6. Other natural sciences: other natural sciences.

Engineering and Technology

Civil engineering, electrical engineering, electronic engineering and communications technology, mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, materials engineering, medical engineering, environmental engineering, environmental biotechnology, industrial biotechnology, nanotechnology, other engineering and technologies.

Exclude software engineering and technology (to be reported at line r).

7. Civil engineering: civil engineering, architecture engineering, municipal and structural engineering, transport engineering.
8. Electrical engineering, electronic engineering and communications technology: electrical and electronic engineering, robotics and automatic control, micro-electronics, semiconductors, automation and control systems, communication engineering and systems, telecommunications, computer hardware and architecture.
9. Mechanical engineering: mechanical engineering, applied mechanics, thermodynamics, aerospace engineering, nuclear-related engineering (nuclear physics under Physical sciences), acoustical engineering, reliability analysis and non-destructive testing, automotive and transportation engineering and manufacturing, tooling, machinery and equipment engineering and manufacturing, heating, ventilation and air conditioning engineering and manufacturing.
10. Chemical engineering: chemical engineering (plants, products), chemical process engineering.
11. Materials engineering: materials engineering and metallurgy, ceramics, coating and films (including packaging and printing), plastics, rubber and composites (including laminates and reinforced plastics), paper and wood and textiles, construction materials (organic and inorganic).
12. Medical engineering: medical and biomedical engineering, medical laboratory technology (excluding biomaterials, which should be reported under Industrial biotechnology).
13. Environmental engineering: environmental and geological engineering, petroleum engineering (fuel, oils), energy and fuels, remote sensing, mining and mineral processing, marine engineering, sea vessels and ocean engineering.
14. Environmental biotechnology: environmental biotechnology, bioremediation, diagnostic biotechnologies in environmental management (DNA chips and bio-sensing devices).
15. Industrial biotechnology: industrial biotechnology, bioprocessing technologies, biocatalysis and fermentation bioproducts (products that are manufactured using biological material as feedstock), biomaterials (bioplastics, biofuels, bioderived bulk and fine chemicals, bio-derived materials).
16. Nanotechnology: nano-materials (production and properties), nano-processes (applications on nano-scale).
17. Other engineering and technologies: food and beverages, oenology, other engineering and technologies.

Software-related sciences and technology

Software engineering and technology, computer sciences, information technology and bioinformatics.

18. Software engineering and technology: computer software engineering, computer software technology, and other related computer software engineering and technologies.
19. Computer sciences: computer science, artificial intelligence, cryptography, and other related computer sciences.
20. Information technology and bioinformatics: information technology, informatics, bioinformatics, biomathematics, and other related information technologies.

Medical and health sciences

Basic medicine, clinical medicine, health sciences, medical biotechnology, other medical sciences.

21. Basic medicine: anatomy and morphology (plant science under Biological science), human genetics, immunology, neurosciences, pharmacology and pharmacy and medicinal chemistry, toxicology, physiology and cytology, pathology.
22. Clinical medicine: andrology, obstetrics and gynaecology, paediatrics, cardiac and cardiovascular systems, haematology, anaesthesiology, orthopaedics, radiology and nuclear medicine, dentistry, oral surgery and medicine, dermatology, venereal diseases and allergy, rheumatology, endocrinology and metabolism and gastroenterology, urology and nephrology, and oncology.
23. Health sciences: health care sciences and nursing, nutrition and dietetics, parasitology, infectious diseases and epidemiology, occupational health.
24. Medical biotechnology: health-related biotechnology, technologies involving the manipulation of cells, tissues, organs or the whole organism, technologies involving identifying the functioning of DNA, proteins and enzymes, pharmacogenomics, gene-based therapeutics, biomaterials (related to medical implants, devices, sensors).
25. Other medical sciences: forensic science, other medical sciences.

Agricultural Sciences

Agriculture, forestry and fisheries sciences, animal and dairy sciences, veterinary sciences, agricultural biotechnology, other agricultural sciences.

26. Agriculture, forestry and fisheries sciences: agriculture, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, soil science, horticulture, viticulture, agronomy, plant breeding and plant protection.
27. Animal and dairy sciences: animal and dairy science, animal husbandry.
28. Veterinary sciences: veterinary science (all).
29. Agricultural biotechnology: agricultural biotechnology and food biotechnology, genetically modified (GM) organism technology and livestock cloning, diagnostics (DNA chips and biosensing devices), biomass feedstock production technologies and biopharming.
30. Other agricultural sciences: other agricultural sciences.

Social sciences and humanities

Psychology, educational sciences, economics and business, other social sciences, humanities.

31. Psychology: cognitive psychology and psycholinguistics, experimental psychology, psychometrics and quantitative psychology, and other fields of psychology.
32. Educational sciences: education, training and other related educational sciences.
33. Economics and business: micro-economics, macro-economics, econometrics, labour economics, financial economics, business economics, entrepreneurial and business administration, management and operations, management sciences, finance and all other related fields of economics and business
34. Other social sciences: anthropology (social and cultural) and ethnology, demography, geography (human, economic and social), planning (town, city and country), management, organization and methods (excluding market research unless new methods/techniques are developed), law, linguistics, political sciences, sociology, miscellaneous social sciences and interdisciplinary, and methodological and historical science and technology activities relating to subjects in this group.
35. Humanities: history (history, prehistory and history, together with auxiliary historical disciplines such as archaeology, numismatics, palaeography, genealogy, etc.), languages and literature (ancient and modern), other humanities (philosophy (including the history of science and technology)), arts (history of art, art criticism, painting, sculpture, musicology, dramatic art excluding artistic 'research' of any kind), religion, theology, other fields and subjects pertaining to the humanities, and methodological, historical and other science and technology activities relating to the subjects in this group.

In-house R&D personnel in 2018 (Q71 - Q73)

R&D personnel

Include:

• permanent, temporary and casual R&D employees
• independent on-site R&D consultants and contractors working in your organization's offices, laboratories, or other facilities
• employees engaged in R&D-related support activities.

Researchers and research managers are composed of

1. Scientists, social scientists, engineers and researchers are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge. They conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models, techniques instrumentation, software or operational methods. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.
2. Senior research managers plan or manage R&D projects and programs. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.

R&D technical, administrative and support staff are composed of:

3. Technicians and technologists and research assistants are persons whose main tasks require technical knowledge and experience in one or more fields of engineering, the physical and life sciences, or the social sciences, humanities and the arts. They participate in R&D by performing scientific and technical tasks involving the application of concepts, operational methods and the use of research equipment, normally under the supervision of researchers. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.
4. Other R&D technical, administrative support staff include skilled and unskilled craftsmen, and administrative, secretarial and clerical staff participating in R&D projects or directly associated with such projects.

On-site R&D consultants and contractors are individuals hired 1) to perform project-based work or to provide goods at a fixed or ascertained price or within a certain time or 2) to provide advice or services in a specialized field for a fee and, in both cases, work at the location specified and controlled by the contracting company or organization.

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

R&D may be carried out by persons who work solely on R&D projects or by persons who devote only part of their time to R&D, and the balance to other activities such as testing, quality control and production engineering. To arrive at the total effort devoted to R&D in terms of personnel, it is necessary to estimate the full-time equivalent of these persons working only part-time in R&D.

FTE (full-time equivalent): Number of persons who work solely on R&D projects + the time of persons working only part of their time on R&D.

Example calculation: If out of four scientists engaged in R&D work, one works solely on R&D projects and the remaining three devote only one quarter of their working time to R&D, then: FTE = 1 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 = 1.75 scientists.

Technology and technical assistant payments in 2018 (Q74 - Q76)

Definitions (equivalent to the Canadian Intellectual Property Office: http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/cipointernet-internetopic.nsf/eng/home)

a. Patent

Government grant giving the right to exclude others from making, using or selling an invention.

b. Copyright

Legal protection for literary, artistic, dramatic or musical works, computer programs, performer's performances, sound recordings, and communication signals.

c. Trademark

A word, symbol or design, or combination of these, used to distinguish goods or services of one person or organization from those of others in the marketplace.

d. Industrial design

Legal protection against imitation of the shape, pattern, or ornamentation of an object.

e. Integrated circuit topography

Three-dimensional configurations of the elements and interconnections embodied in an integrated circuit product.

f. Original software

Computer programs and descriptive materials for both systems and applications. Original software can be created in-house or outsourced and includes packaged software with customization.

g. Packaged or off-the-shelf software

Packaged software purchased for organizational use and excludes software with customization.

h. Databases

Data files organized to permit effective access and use of the data.

i. Other

Technical assistance, industrial processes and know-how.

Energy-related R&D by area of technology (Q23 - Q70)

Fossil Fuels

Crude oils and natural gas exploration, crude oils and natural gas production, oil sands and heavy crude oils surface and sub-surface production and separation of the bitumen, tailings management, refining, processing and upgrading, coal production, separation and processing, transportation of fossil fuels.

a. Crude oils and natural gas exploration

Include development of advanced exploration methods (geophysical, geochemical, seismic, magnetic) for on-shore and off-shore prospecting.

b. Crude oil and natural gas production and storage, include enhanced recovery natural gas production

Include on-shore and off-shore deep drilling equipment and techniques for conventional oil and gas, secondary and tertiary recovery of oil and gas, hydro fracturing techniques, processing and cleaning of raw product, storage on remote platforms (e.g., Arctic, off-shore), safety aspects of offshore platforms.

c. Oil sands and heavy crude oils surface and sub-surface production and separation of the bitumen, tailings management

Include surface and in-situ production (e.g., SAGD), tailings management.

d. Refining, processing and upgrading of fossil fuels

Include processing of natural gas to pipeline specifications, and refining of conventional crude oils to refined petroleum products (RPPs), and the upgrading of bitumen and heavy oils either to synthetic crude oil or to RPPs. Upgrading may be done at an oil sands plant, regional merchant upgraders or integrated into a refinery producing RPPs.

e. Coal production, separation and processing

Include coal, lignite and peat exploration, deposit evaluation techniques, mining techniques, separation techniques, coking and blending, other processing such as coal to liquids, underground (in-situ) gasification.

f. Transportation of fossil fuels

Include transport of gaseous, liquid and solid hydrocarbons via pipelines (land and submarine) and their network evaluation, safety aspects of LNG transport and storage.

Renewable energy resources

Solar photovoltaics (PV), solar thermal-power and high-temperature applications, solar heating and cooling, wind energy, bio-energy – biomass production, bio-energy – biomass conversion to fuels, bio-energy – biomass conversion to heat and electricity, other bio-energy, small hydro (less than 10 MW), large hydro (greater than or equal to 10 MW), other renewable energy.

a. Solar photovoltaics (PV)

Include solar cell development, PV-module development, PV-inverter development, building-integrated PV-modules, PV-system development, other.

b. Solar thermal-power and high-temperature applications

Include solar chemistry, concentrating collector development, solar thermal power plants, high-temperature applications for heat and power.

c. Solar heating and cooling

Include daylighting, passive and active solar heating and cooling, collector development, hot water preparation, combined-space heating, solar architecture, solar drying, solar-assisted ventilation, swimming pool heating, low-temperature process heating, other.

d. Wind energy

Include technology development, such as blades, turbines, converters structures, system integration, other.

e. Bio-energy – Biomass production and transport

Include improvement of energy crops, research on bio-energy production potential and associated land-use effects, supply and transport of bio-solids, bio-liquids, biogas and bio-derived energy products (e.g., ethanol, biodiesel), compacting and baling, other.

f. Bio-energy – Biomass conversion to transportation fuel

Include conventional bio-fuels, cellulosic-derived alcohols, biomass gas-to-liquids, other energy-related products and by-products.

g. Bio-energy – Biomass conversion to heat and electricity

Include bio-based heat, electricity and combined heat and power (CHP), exclude multi-firing with fossil fuels.

h. Other bio-energy

Include recycling and the use of municipal, industrial and agricultural waste as energy not covered elsewhere.

i. Small hydro – (less than 10 MW)

Include plants with capacity below 10 MW.

j. Large hydro – (greater than or equal to 10 MW)

Include plants with capacity of 10 MW and above.

k. Other renewable energy

Include hot dry rock, hydro-thermal, geothermal heat applications (including agriculture), tidal power, wave energy, ocean current power, ocean thermal power, other.

Nuclear fission and fusion

Materials exploration, mining and preparation, tailings management, nuclear reactors, other fission, fusion.

a. Nuclear materials exploration, mining and preparation, tailings management

Include development of advanced exploration methods (geophysical, geochemical) for prospecting, ore surface and in-situ production, uranium and thorium extraction and conversion, enrichment, handling of tailings and remediation.

b. Nuclear reactors

Include nuclear reactors of all types and related system components.

c. Other fission

Include nuclear safety, environmental protection (emission reduction or avoidance), radiation protection and decommissioning of power plants and related nuclear fuel cycle installations, nuclear waste treatment, disposal and storage, fissile material recycling, fissile materials control, transport of radioactive materials.

d. Fusion

Include all types (e.g., magnetic confinement, laser applications).

Electric Power

Generation in utility sector, combined heat and power in industry and in buildings, electricity transmission, distribution and storage of electricity.

a. Electric power generation in utility sector

Include conventional and non-conventional technology (e.g., pulverised coal, fluidised bed, gasification-combined cycle, supercritical), re-powering, retrofitting, life extensions and upgrading of power plants, generators and components, super-conductivity, magneto hydrodynamic, dry cooling towers, co-firing (e.g., with biomass), air and thermal pollution reduction or avoidance, flue gas cleanup (excluding CO2 removal), CHP (combined heat and power) not covered elsewhere.

b. Electric power - combined heat and power in industry, buildings

Include industrial applications, small scale applications for buildings.

c. Electricity transmission, distribution and storage

Include solid state power electronics, load management and control systems, network problems, super-conducting cables, AC and DC high voltage cables, HVDC transmission, other transmission and distribution related to integrating distributed and intermittent generating sources into networks, all storage (e.g., batteries, hydro reservoirs, fly wheels), other.

Hydrogen and fuel cells

Hydrogen production for process applications, hydrogen production for transportation applications, hydrogen transport and storage, other hydrogen, fuel cells, both stationary and mobile.

a. Hydrogen production for process applications

b. Hydrogen production for transportation applications

c. Hydrogen transport and storage

d. Other hydrogen

Include end uses (e.g., combustion), other infrastructure and systems R&D (refuelling stations).

e. Stationary fuel cells

Include electricity generation, other stationary end-use.

f. Mobile fuel cells

Include portable applications.

Energy efficiency

Industry, residential and commercial, transportation, other energy efficiency.

a. Energy efficiency applications for industry

Include reduction of energy consumption through improved use of energy and/or reduction or avoidance of air and other emissions related to the use of energy in industrial systems and processes (excluding bio-energy-related) through the development of new techniques, new processes and new equipment, other.

b. Energy efficiency for residential, institutional and commercial sectors

Include space heating and cooling, ventilation and lighting control systems other than solar technologies, low energy housing design and performance other than solar technologies, new insulation and building materials, thermal performance of buildings, domestic appliances, other.

c. Energy efficiency for transportation

Includes analysis and optimisation of energy consumption in the transport sector, efficiency improvements in light-duty vehicles, heavy-duty vehicles, non-road vehicles, public transport systems, engine-fuel optimisation, use of alternative fuels (liquid and gaseous, other than hydrogen), fuel additives, diesel engines, Stirling motors, electric cars, hybrid cars, air emission reduction, other.

d. Other energy efficiency

Include waste heat utilisation (heat maps, process integration, total energy systems, low temperature thermodynamic cycles), district heating, heat pump development, reduction of energy consumption in the agricultural sector.

Other energy-related technologies

Carbon capture, transportation and storage for fossil fuel production and processing, electric power generation, industry in end-use sector, energy systems analysis, all other energy-related technologies.

a. Carbon capture, transport and storage related to fossil fuel production and processing

b. Carbon capture, transport and storage related to electric power production

c. Carbon capture, transport and storage related to industry in end-use sector

Include industry in the end-use sector, such as steel production, manufacturing, etc. (exclude fossil fuel production and processing and electric power production).

d. Energy system analysis

Include system analysis related to energy R&D not covered elsewhere, sociological, economical and environmental impact of energy which are not specifically related to one technology area listed in the sections above.

e. All other energy technologies

Include energy technology information dissemination, studies not related to a specific technology area listed above.

The Visitor Travel Survey (VTS) provides a full range of statistics on the volume of international visitors to Canada and detailed characteristics of their trips. In recent years, there has been an increased interest in estimating sub-provincial inbound travel spending. Direct estimates of foreign travel spending can be obtained from the VTS, but they would be reliable only if the sample sizes are large enough. Therefore, a Small Area Estimation (SAE) methodology is now used to improve the quality of sub-provincial estimates, using Payment processors' (acquirer) data provided by Destination Canada. This document briefly describes this methodology.

1. Introduction

The VTS was introduced in January 2018 to replace the U.S. and overseas visitors to Canada component of the International Travel Survey (ITS). The objective of the VTS is to provide a full range of statistics on the volume of international visitors to Canada and detailed characteristics of their trips such as expenditures, activities, places visited and length of stay. The target population of the VTS is all U.S. and overseas residents entering Canada. Excluded from the survey's coverage are diplomats and their dependents, refugees, landed immigrants, military, crew and former Canadian residents.

The demand for inbound travel spending estimates at smaller geographical levels has greatly increased in recent years. Standard weighted estimates (or direct estimates) at sub-provincial levels can be obtained from the VTS. However, these direct estimates can be considered reliable as long as the sample size in the area of interest is large enough. To address this issue, a SAE methodology is used to improve the quality of sub-provincial estimates, using Payment processors' data provided by Destination Canada.

SAE methods attempt to produce reliable estimates when the sample size in the area is small. In this application of the methodology, the small area estimate is a function of two quantities: the direct estimate from the survey data, and a prediction based on a model – sometimes referred to as the indirect, or synthetic estimate. The model involves survey data from the geographical area of interest, but also incorporates data from other areas (as input to the model parameters) and auxiliary data. The auxiliary data must come from a source that is independent of the VTS, and it must be available at the appropriate levels of geography. The SAE model uses the Payment processors' data which includes a portion of credit and debit card payments made by international visitors to Canada, as the auxiliary data. More precisely, the Payment data along with the direct survey estimates, are used to derive the small area estimates. For the smallest areas, the direct estimates are not reliable and the small area estimates are driven mostly by the predictions from the model. However, for the largest areas, this is the opposite and the small area estimates tend to be close to the direct estimates.

There are two types of SAE models: area-level (or aggregate) models that relate small area means to area-specific auxiliary variables, and unit-level models that relate the unit values of the study variable to unit-specific auxiliary variables. The VTS uses an area-level model as the auxiliary information (i.e., Payment data) is aggregated.

Section 2 describes the requirements to produce sub-provincial inbound travel spending estimates. In section 3, diagnostics used for model validation and evaluation of small area estimates are briefly discussed.

2. Area-level model

The small area estimates were obtained through the use of the small area estimation module of the generalized software G-EST^{Footnote 1} version 2.02 (Estevao et al., 2017a, 2017b). For each area i, three inputs need to be provided to the G-EST in order to obtain small area estimates:

i) Direct estimates ${\hat{\theta }}_i$, which are calculated using survey weights
${\hat{\theta }}_i=\sum _{k\in s_i}{w}_k{y}_k$
where $y_k$ represents spending by unit k in domain i, and $w_k$ is the sampling weights assigned to unit k on the VTS sample

ii) Smoothed variance estimates at the domain of interest, which are obtained by applying a piecewise smoothing approach on the variance estimates that are calculated using mean bootstrap weights

iii) Vector of auxiliary variables $z_i$

For the estimation of inbound travel spending, the domain of interest are defined as: 11 country / country groups × 22 tourism regions / grouped tourism regions

The 11 country / country groups are as follows:

Table 1: Country / country groups

Group	Country
1	Australia
2	China
3	Japan
4	South Korea
5	India
6	United Kingdom
7	France
8	Germany
9	Mexico
10	United States
11	Other countries

The 84 tourism regions are grouped into 22 domains, as shown in the following table.

Table 2: Tourism region / Grouped tourism regions

Tourism region / Grouped Tourism Regions	Tourism regions	Province/Territory
1000 (Newfoundland & Labrador)	001, 005, 010, 015, 020, 099Footnote 2	Newfoundland and Labrador
1100 (Prince Edward Island)	101	Prince Edward Island
1200 (Nova Scotia)	202, 206, 211, 215, 220, 225, 232, 299	Nova Scotia
1300 (New Brunswick)	300, 302, 304, 308, 318, 399	New Brunswick
2400 (Rest of Quebec)	401, 405, 410, 420, 425, 430, 435, 440, 445, 450, 455, 465, 470, 475, 480, 485, 491, 492, 493, 495, 499	Quebec
0415 (Quebec)	415
0460 (Montreal	460
3500 (Rest of Ontario)	502, 511, 516, 526, 531, 536, 541, 551, 556, 560, 565, 570, 599	Ontario
0506 (Niagara Falls and Wine Country)	506
0521 (Greater Toronto Area)	521
0546 (Ottawa and Countryside)	546
4600 (Manitoba)	601, 605, 610, 615, 620, 625, 630, 635, 699	Manitoba
4700 (Saskatchewan)	701, 705, 710, 715, 720, 725, 730, 799	Saskatchewan
4800 (Rest of Alberta)	801, 805, 810, 825, 899	Alberta
0815 (Canadian Rockies)	815
0820 (Calgary and Area)	820
5900 (Rest of British Columbia)	901, 910, 920, 925, 999	British Columbia
0905 (Vancouver, Coast & Mountains)	905
0915 (Kootenay Rockies)	915
6000 (Yukon)	981	Yukon
6100 (Northwest Territories)	991	Northwest Territories
6200 (Nunavut)	992	Nunavut

It should be mentioned that for the VTS, a modification of the basic area-level model, piecewise area-level model, was used. The piecewise area-level is useful when a single linear model does not provide an adequate explanation on the relationship between the variable of interest and the covariates. The area specific auxiliary variable i.e., spending from the Payment data, is partitioned into intervals and a separate line segment is fit to each interval.

3. Evaluation of small area estimates

The accuracy of small area estimates depends on the reliability of the model. It is therefore essential to make a careful assessment of the validity of the model before releasing estimates. For instance, it is important to verify that a linear relationship actually holds between direct estimates from VTS (${\hat{\theta }}_i$) and payment data ($z_i$), at least approximately.

For the VTS, diagnostic plots and tests in the G-EST are used to assess the model, and outliers are identified iteratively by examining the standardized residuals from that model.

A concept that is useful to evaluate the gains of efficiency resulting from the use of the small area estimate ${\hat{\theta }}_i^{\mathrm{SAE}}$ over the direct estimate ${\hat{\theta }}_i$ is the Mean Square Error (MSE). The MSE is unknown but can be estimated (see Rao and Molina, 2015). Gains of efficiency over the direct estimate are expected when the MSE estimate is smaller than the smoothed variance estimate or the direct variance estimate. In general, the small area estimates in the VTS were significantly more efficient than the direct estimates, especially for the areas with the smallest sample size.

References

Estevao, V., You, Y., Hidiroglou, M., Beaumont, J.-F. (2017a). Small Area Estimation-Area Level Model with EBLUP Estimation- Description of Function Parameters and User Guide. Statistics Canada document.

Estevao, V., You, Y., Hidiroglou, M., Beaumont, J.-F. and Rubin-Bleuer, S. (2017b). Small Area Estimation-Area Level Model with EBLUP Estimation- Methodology Specifications. Statistics Canada document.

Hidiroglou, M. A., Beaumont, J. F., and Yung, W. (2019). Development of a small area estimation system at Statistics Canada. Survey Methodology, 45(1), 101-126.

Rao, J.N.K., and Molina, I. (2015). Small Area Estimation. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.

Statistics Canada. (2017). Monthly Labour Force Survey Small Area Estimation- Documentation to accompany small area estimates. Statistics Canada document.

Canadian Vital Statistics Deaths Database (2008-2017) linked to Discharge Abstract Database (2004/05-2017/18), National Ambulatory Care Reporting System (2004/05-2017/18), and Ontario Mental Health Reporting System (2006/07-2017/18)

The objective of this project was to create a linked dataset that can be used to examine a national cohort (save Quebec) of persons who died (for any age group of interest) in relation to the characteristics and intensity of end-of-life care and to identify patient, disease and healthcare factors associated with variations in care intensity and location of death.

To achieve this objective, death records in the Canadian Vital Statistics Death Database (CVSD) from 2008 to 2017 were linked to patient records in the Discharge Abstract Database (DAD) and the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System (NACRS) from 2004/2005 to 2017/2018 and the Ontario Mental Health Reporting System (OMHRS) from 2006/2007 to 2017/2018. Statistics Canada does not have Quebec hospitalization data as part of its data holdings and thus hospitalizations that occurred in the province of Quebec are not included in the linked datasets. Statistics Canada also does not have death data for decedents in the Yukon Territories for death year 2017.

The Data

Canadian Vital Statistics Death Database

The Canadian Vital Statistics Death Database (CVSD) is a census of all deaths occurring in Canada each year. Deaths are reported by the provincial and territorial Vital Statistics Registries to Statistics Canada; the information provided includes demographic and cause of death information. Cause-of-death information is coded using the version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) in effect at the time of death. Records eligible for record linkage were deaths that occurred from January 1, 2008 through December 31, 2017, excluding Yukon for 2017.

In addition to the variables from the CVSD, the file includes variables from the Postal Code Conversion File+ (PCCF+) for each linked record. The PCCF+ was generated using the CVSD variable DEA_Q150 (usual residence of the deceased: postal code).

Discharge Abstract Database

The Discharge Abstract Database (DAD) includes administrative, clinical and demographic information on hospital discharges (including in-hospital deaths, sign-outs and transfers) from all provinces and territories, except Quebec. Over time, the DAD has also been used to capture data on day surgery, long-term care, rehabilitation and other types of care. DAD data for fiscal years 2004/2005 to 2017/2018 were included in the linkage.

In the DAD, jurisdiction-specific instructions for collection of data elements evolve over time. Collection of each data element may be mandatory, mandatory if applicable, optional or not applicable. Collection requirements can vary by jurisdiction and by data year. Researchers will find the listings of DAD data elements under the heading “Data Elements” at the DAD Metadata website. The documents on the website include information on mandatory versus optional collection status for each data element by jurisdiction, which is key to understanding coverage of data elements in the DAD.

National Ambulatory Care Reporting System

The National Ambulatory Care Reporting System (NACRS) contains data for hospital-based and community-based ambulatory care including day surgery, outpatient and community-based clinics, and emergency departments. Client visit data are collected at time of service in participating facilities from several jurisdictions. NACRS data for fiscal years 2004/2005 to 2017/2018 were included in the linkage.

For details on the provincial data coverage, please refer to the Data Quality Documentation, available under the “Data Quality” section of the NACRS Metadata website.

In NACRS, jurisdiction-specific instructions for collection of data elements evolve over time. Similar to DAD, collection of each data element may be mandatory, mandatory if applicable, optional or not applicable. Collection requirements can vary by jurisdiction and by data year.

Researchers will find the listings of NACRS data elements under the “Data Elements” section of the NACRS Metadata website. The documents on the website include information on mandatory versus optional collection status for each data element by jurisdiction, which is key to understanding coverage of data elements in NACRS.

Ontario Mental Health Reporting System

The Ontario Mental Health Reporting System (OMHRS) contains data for all individuals receiving adult mental health services in Ontario, in addition to some individuals receiving services in youth inpatient beds and selected facilities in other provinces starting in fiscal year 2006/07. Information regarding mental and physical health, social supports and service use, care planning, outcome measurement, quality improvement, and case-mix funding applications are all part of the OMHRS. For this record linkage, the OMHRS files covering the fiscal years from 2006/07 to 2017/18 were linked to the CVSD. Researchers will find the listings of OMHRS data elements under the heading Data elements at the OMHRS Metadata website.

File structure, layout

A single cohort file was produced of all the individual CVSD records between 2008 through 2017, including those that linked and those that did not link to the DAD, NACRS or OMHRS. A random, unique identifier (variable name: STC_ID) was generated for each record on the CVSD. Each record with a valid postal code has additional information added from the PCCF+. Names and other personal identifiers have been removed from the file.

Separate output files were created for each year of the DAD and for each year of the NACRS. A single cumulative file was created for OMHRS. Only records that linked to the CVSD are included in these outcome files. Since the DAD, NACRS and OMHRS are transactional files, the STC_ID from the CVSD cohort file was included on all records to identify those individuals with multiple transactions within a dataset and across datasets. Merging the STC_ID across datasets (i.e. CVSD to DAD, NACRS and OMHRS) will allow the larger picture of health interventions for an individual to be analysed.

Researchers can choose to use the outcome files as event-based (each row of data represents a hospitalization) or person-based (each row of data represents an individual). In order to use a file as a person-based file, the researcher must transform the data to include all hospital information for one person as one record (one row on the data file).

Restrictions

The linked data should not be used to produce official mortality statistics. Official counts and rates of mortality are available on the Statistics Canada website or can be generated by requesting use of the Canadian Vital Statistics Death Database which is accessible through the RDC or by requesting a custom tabulation from Statistics Canada (statcan.hd-ds.statcan@statcan.gc.ca).

The linked data cannot be used to produce statistics related to institutions and any outputs at the institution level will be restricted as per the vetting rules.

Institution information can be used as a method to generate other information (e.g., the postal code of the institution can be used to determine distance to a care facility) but cannot be used as an outcome of interest.

Reporting entity

1. Indicate which type of corporation this report covers.

1. A single corporation
2. Part of a corporation
3. A consolidated family of corporations
4. Other (specify)

2. Is the reporting entity part of a Canadian consolidation?

1. Yes
2. No

3. Does this reporting entity have investments in partnerships or joint ventures?

1. Yes
2. No

4. Indicate the accounting standard used to complete this questionnaire.

1. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)
2. Accounting Standards for Private Enterprises (ASPE)
3. United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (U.S. GAAP)
4. Other (specify)

5. Indicate the currency used to complete this survey.

1. Canadian dollars
2. U.S. dollars

6. What are the start and end dates of this enterprise's reporting period for the quarter ending:

• From: YYYY-MM-DD to YYYY-MM-DD

Assets

7. Report your assets

1. Cash and deposits - Canadian currency
2. Cash and deposits - foreign currency
3. Items in transit (net)
4. Accounts receivable
5. Allowance for credit losses on receivables
6. Finance leases and lease contracts
7. Investments in and claims on parent, subsidiaries and affiliates - shares and equity
   1. In Canada
   2. Outside Canada
8. Investments in and claims on parent, subsidiaries and affiliates - accumulated earnings
   1. In Canada
   2. Outside Canada
9. Investments in and claims on parent, subsidiaries and affiliates - debt claims on affiliates
   1. In Canada
   2. Outside Canada
10. Canadian investments in non-affiliates - debt securities issued by the Government of Canada
    1. Term-to-maturity of less than one year
    2. Term-to-maturity of one year or more
11. Canadian investments in non-affiliates - debt securities issued by provincial and municipal governments
    1. Term-to-maturity of less than one year
    2. Term-to-maturity of one year or more
12. Canadian investments in non-affiliates - debt securities issued by corporations, trusts or others
    1. Term-to-maturity of less than one year
    2. Term-to-maturity of one year or more
13. Canadian investments in non-affiliates - corporate shares, fund or trust units and other equity
    1. Publicly traded
    2. Other equity
14. Canadian investments in non-affiliates - other investments
15. Foreign investments in non-affiliates - debt securities
    1. Term-to-maturity of less than one year
    2. Term-to-maturity of one year or more
16. Foreign investments in non-affiliates - other investments
17. Derivative assets
18. Reverse repurchase agreements
19. Mortgage loans to non-affiliates - secured by property in
    1. Residential - to individuals and unincorporated businesses
    2. Residential - to corporations
    3. Residential - to others
    4. Non-residential - to individuals and unincorporated businesses
    5. Non-residential - to corporations
    6. Non-residential - to others
20. Mortgage loans to non-affiliates - secured by property outside Canada
21. Mortgage loans to non-affiliates - accumulated allowance for credit losses
22. Home equity lines of credit
23. Non-mortgage loans to non-affiliates
    1. To individuals and unincorporated businesses - credit cards
    2. To individuals and unincorporated businesses - lines of credit
    3. To individuals and unincorporated businesses - other loans
    4. To corporations
    5. To others
24. Non-mortgage loans to non-affiliates - accumulated allowance for credit losses
25. Fixed assets
    1. Depreciable assets and land
    2. Investment properties
    3. Accumulated depreciation
26. Customers' liability under acceptances
27. Intangible assets
    1. Goodwill
    2. Other intangible assets
    3. Accumulated amortization
28. Accrued pension asset
29. Deferred income tax asset
30. All other assets
31. Other allowances for credit losses

Total Assets

Liabilities and equity

Liabilities

8. Report your liabilities

1. Deposit liabilities - tax-sheltered deposits
   1. RRSP
   2. Other tax-sheltered deposits
2. Deposit liabilities - deposits of individuals and unincorporated businesses
   1. Canadian currency
   2. Foreign currency
3. Deposit liabilities - deposits of corporations resident in Canada
   1. Canadian currency
   2. Foreign currency
4. Deposit liabilities - Deposits of non-resident
5. Deposit liabilities - Other deposits
6. Accounts payable
7. Income taxes payable
8. Amounts owing to affiliates
   1. In Canada
   2. Outside Canada
9. Borrowing from non-affiliates - mortgage loans
   1. Residential
   2. Non-residential
10. Borrowing from non-affiliates non-mortgage loans and overdrafts
    1. From lenders in Canada - banks
    2. From lenders in Canada - credit unions
    3. From lenders in Canada - other lenders in Canada
    4. From lenders outside Canada
11. Borrowing from non-affiliates - debt securities
    1. Term-to-maturity of less than one year
    2. Term-to-maturity of one year or more
12. Borrowing from non-affiliates - other borrowings
13. Equity securities classified as liabilities
14. Derivative liabilities
15. Obligations related to repurchase agreements
16. Accrued pension liability
17. Non-pension post retirement benefits
18. Peferred income tax liability
19. Bankers' acceptances
20. All other liabilities

Total Liabilities

Equity

9. Report your equity

1. Share capital
   1. Preferred
   2. Common
2. Contributed surplus
3. Accumulated other comprehensive income
4. Non-controlling interest
5. Retained earnings
   1. Opening balance
   2. Net income (loss) for the current period
   3. Transfers from (to) share capital
   4. All other additions (deductions)
      • Specify all major items within other additions (deductions)
6. Dividends declared
   1. Cash - preferred shares
   2. Cash - common shares
   3. Other dividends

Closing balance

Total equity

Total liability and total equity

Income statement

Total revenue

10. What period does this income statement cover?

• From: YYYY-MM-DD to YYYY-MM-DD

11. Report your revenue.

1. Commissions and fees
   1. From individuals and unincorporated businesses
   2. From others
2. Interest revenue from Canadian sources
   1. Debt securities
   2. Debt claims on affiliates
   3. Mortgages
   4. Consumer loans
   5. Finance leases
   6. Other interest revenue
3. Interest revenue from foreign sources
4. Dividends
   1. From Canadian corporations
   2. From foreign corporations
5. Rental revenue
6. Gains and losses - fair value adjustments
   1. Realized
   2. Unrealized
7. Gains and losses - foreign exchange
   1. Realized
   2. Unrealized
8. All other revenues

Specify all major items within other revenues

Total revenue

Expenses

12. Report your expenses.

1. Wages and salaries
2. Employer portion of employee benefits
3. Pension expense
   1. Current service cost
   2. Other pension expenses
4. Stock options expense
5. Indirect taxes
6. Depreciation and amortization
   1. Depreciation
   2. Amortization - intangible assets
   3. Amortization - other
7. Software and research development
8. Impairments
   1. Credit losses on receivables
   2. Other impairments
9. Expected credit Provisions for losses on lease contracts and loans
10. Interest expense
    1. Deposits
    2. Debt securities
    3. Amounts owing to affiliates
    4. Mortgages
    5. Other interest expenses
11. Dividends paid on equity securities classified as liabilities
12. Charitable donations
13. All other expenses

Specify all major items within other expenses

Total expenses

Income

13. Report your income

1. Income (loss) before income taxes
2. Current income tax expense
3. Deferred income tax expense
4. Income (loss) after income taxes
5. Equity in unconsolidated affiliates
6. Net income (loss)
   1. Attributable to non-controlling interest
   2. Attributable to equity shareholders
7. Other comprehensive income
   1. Items that will not be reclassified to net earnings
   2. Items that may be reclassified subsequently to net earnings
   3. Reclassification of realized (gains) losses to net earnings
   4. Income taxes
8. Comprehensive income
   1. Attributable to non-controlling interest
   2. Attributable to equity shareholders

Disclosure of selected accounts

14. Report other disclosures

1. Equity method dividends
   1. Canadian dividends
   2. Foreign dividends
2. Deposit liabilities (by type of account)
   1. Demand or savings deposits - chequing
   2. Demand or savings deposits - non-chequing
   3. Term deposits
   4. Total deposit liabilities (by type of account)
3. Securitized assets - recognized
   1. Credit cards
   2. Mortgages
   3. Other assets
4. Securitized assets - unrecognized
   1. Credit cards
   2. Mortgages
   3. Other assets
5. Capitalized expenses for software, research and development

15. Allocate the changes to selected assets and liabilities.

1. Investments in and claims on parent, subsidiaries and affiliates
   1. Initial balance
   2. Net (purchases-sales or issuances-repayments and other changes)
   3. Fair value adjustments and foreign exchange valuation ajustments
   4. Other adjustments
      • Closing balance
   5. Realized gains and losses
2. Canadian and foreign investments in non-affiliates - debt securities
   1. Initial balance
   2. Net (purchases-sales or issuances-repayments and other changes)
   3. Fair value adjustments and foreign exchange valuation ajustments
   4. Other adjustments
      • Closing balance
   5. Realized gains and losses
3. Canadian and foreign investments in non-affiliates - corporate shares, funds or trust units and other equity
   1. Initial balance
   2. Net (purchases-sales or issuances-repayments and other changes)
   3. Fair value adjustments and foreign exchange valuation ajustments
   4. Other adjustments
      • Closing balance
   5. Realized gains and losses
4. Canadian and foreign investments in non-affiliates - other investments in non-affiliates
   1. Initial balance
   2. Net (purchases-sales or issuances-repayments and other changes)
   3. Fair value adjustments and foreign exchange valuation ajustments
   4. Other adjustments
      • Closing balance
   5. Realized gains and losses
5. Mortgage loans to non-affiliates
   1. Initial balance
   2. Net (purchases-sales or issuances-repayments and other changes)
   3. Fair value adjustments and foreign exchange valuation ajustments
   4. Other adjustments
      • Closing balance
   5. Realized gains and losses
6. Home Equity lines of credit
   1. Initial balance
   2. Net (purchases-sales or issuances-repayments and other changes)
   3. Fair value adjustments and foreign exchange valuation ajustments
   4. Other adjustments
      • Closing balance
   5. Realized gains and losses
7. Non-mortgage loans to non-affiliates
   1. Initial balance
   2. Net (purchases-sales or issuances-repayments and other changes)
   3. Fair value adjustments and foreign exchange valuation ajustments
   4. Other adjustments
      • Closing balance
   5. Realized gains and losses
8. Fixed assets - depreciable assets and land
   1. Initial balance
   2. Net (purchases-sales or issuances-repayments and other changes)
   3. Fair value adjustments and foreign exchange valuation ajustments
   4. Other adjustments
      • Closing balance
   5. Realized gains and losses
9. Fixed assets - investment properties
   1. Initial balance
   2. Net (purchases-sales or issuances-repayments and other changes)
   3. Fair value adjustments and foreign exchange valuation ajustments
   4. Other adjustments
      • Closing balance
   5. Realized gains and losses
10. Intangible assets
    1. Initial balance
    2. Net (purchases-sales or issuances-repayments and other changes)
    3. Fair value adjustments and foreign exchange valuation ajustments
    4. Other adjustments
       • Closing balance
    5. Realized gains and losses
11. Other assets
    1. Initial balance
    2. Net (purchases-sales or issuances-repayments and other changes)
    3. Fair value adjustments and foreign exchange valuation ajustments
    4. Other adjustments
       • Closing balance
    5. Realized gains and losses
12. Debt liability securities owing
    1. Initial balance
    2. Net (purchases-sales or issuances-repayments and other changes)
    3. Fair value adjustments and foreign exchange valuation ajustments
    4. Other adjustments
       • Closing balance
    5. Realized gains and losses
13. Other liabilities
    1. Initial balance
    2. Net (purchases-sales or issuances-repayments and other changes)
    3. Fair value adjustments and foreign exchange valuation ajustments
    4. Other adjustments
       • Closing balance
    5. Realized gains and losses
14. Derivatives (assets and liabilities)
    1. Initial balance
    2. Net (purchases-sales or issuances-repayments and other changes)
    3. Fair value adjustments and foreign exchange valuation ajustments
    4. Other adjustments
       • Closing balance
    5. Realized gains and losses

16. Distribute the selected balance sheet items by province

1. Canadian investments in non-affiliates by province - debt securities issued by provincial and municipal governments for term-to-maturity of less than one year
   1. Newfoundland and Labrador
   2. Prince Edward Island
   3. Nova Scotia
   4. New Brunswick
   5. Quebec
   6. Ontario
   7. Manitoba
   8. Saskatchewan
   9. Alberta
   10. British Columbia
   11. Yukon
   12. Northwest Territories
   13. Nunavut
   14. Outside Canada
2. Canadian investments in non-affiliates by province - debt securities issued by provincial and municipal governments for term-to-maturity of one year or more
   1. Newfoundland and Labrador
   2. Prince Edward Island
   3. Nova Scotia
   4. New Brunswick
   5. Quebec
   6. Ontario
   7. Manitoba
   8. Saskatchewan
   9. Alberta
   10. British Columbia
   11. Yukon
   12. Northwest Territories
   13. Nunavut
   14. Outside Canada
3. Mortgage loans to non-affiliates by province — residential mortgages
   1. Newfoundland and Labrador
   2. Prince Edward Island
   3. Nova Scotia
   4. New Brunswick
   5. Quebec
   6. Ontario
   7. Manitoba
   8. Saskatchewan
   9. Alberta
   10. British Columbia
   11. Yukon
   12. Northwest Territories
   13. Nunavut
   14. Outside Canada
4. Mortgage loans to non-affiliates by province - non-residential mortgages
   1. Newfoundland and Labrador
   2. Prince Edward Island
   3. Nova Scotia
   4. New Brunswick
   5. Quebec
   6. Ontario
   7. Manitoba
   8. Saskatchewan
   9. Alberta
   10. British Columbia
   11. Yukon
   12. Northwest Territories
   13. Nunavut
   14. Outside Canada
5. Non-mortgage loans to non-affiliates to individuals and unincorporated businesses by province - credit cards
   1. Newfoundland and Labrador
   2. Prince Edward Island
   3. Nova Scotia
   4. New Brunswick
   5. Quebec
   6. Ontario
   7. Manitoba
   8. Saskatchewan
   9. Alberta
   10. British Columbia
   11. Yukon
   12. Northwest Territories
   13. Nunavut
   14. Outside Canada
6. Non-mortgage loans to non-affiliates to individuals and unincorporated businesses by province - lines of credit
   1. Newfoundland and Labrador
   2. Prince Edward Island
   3. Nova Scotia
   4. New Brunswick
   5. Quebec
   6. Ontario
   7. Manitoba
   8. Saskatchewan
   9. Alberta
   10. British Columbia
   11. Yukon
   12. Northwest Territories
   13. Nunavut
   14. Outside Canada
7. Non-mortgage loans to non-affiliates to individuals and unincorporated businesses by province - other loans
   1. Newfoundland and Labrador
   2. Prince Edward Island
   3. Nova Scotia
   4. New Brunswick
   5. Quebec
   6. Ontario
   7. Manitoba
   8. Saskatchewan
   9. Alberta
   10. British Columbia
   11. Yukon
   12. Northwest Territories
   13. Nunavut
   14. Outside Canada
8. Non-mortgage loans to non-affiliates to corporations by province
   1. Newfoundland and Labrador
   2. Prince Edward Island
   3. Nova Scotia
   4. New Brunswick
   5. Quebec
   6. Ontario
   7. Manitoba
   8. Saskatchewan
   9. Alberta
   10. British Columbia
   11. Yukon
   12. Northwest Territories
   13. Nunavut
   14. Outside Canada
9. Non-mortgage loans to non-affiliates to others by province
   1. Newfoundland and Labrador
   2. Prince Edward Island
   3. Nova Scotia
   4. New Brunswick
   5. Quebec
   6. Ontario
   7. Manitoba
   8. Saskatchewan
   9. Alberta
   10. British Columbia
   11. Yukon
   12. Northwest Territories
   13. Nunavut
   14. Outside Canada
10. Deposit liabilities (by type of deposit) by province - tax-sheltered deposits
    1. Newfoundland and Labrador
    2. Prince Edward Island
    3. Nova Scotia
    4. New Brunswick
    5. Quebec
    6. Ontario
    7. Manitoba
    8. Saskatchewan
    9. Alberta
    10. British Columbia
    11. Yukon
    12. Northwest Territories
    13. Nunavut
    14. Outside Canada
11. Deposit liabilities (by depositor) by province - other deposits of individuals
    1. Newfoundland and Labrador
    2. Prince Edward Island
    3. Nova Scotia
    4. New Brunswick
    5. Quebec
    6. Ontario
    7. Manitoba
    8. Saskatchewan
    9. Alberta
    10. British Columbia
    11. Yukon
    12. Northwest Territories
    13. Nunavut
    14. Outside Canada
12. Deposit liabilities (by type of account) by province - demand or savings deposits in chequing
    1. Newfoundland and Labrador
    2. Prince Edward Island
    3. Nova Scotia
    4. New Brunswick
    5. Quebec
    6. Ontario
    7. Manitoba
    8. Saskatchewan
    9. Alberta
    10. British Columbia
    11. Yukon
    12. Northwest Territories
    13. Nunavut
    14. Outside Canada
13. Deposit liabilities (by type of account) by province - demand or savings deposits in non-chequing
    1. Newfoundland and Labrador
    2. Prince Edward Island
    3. Nova Scotia
    4. New Brunswick
    5. Quebec
    6. Ontario
    7. Manitoba
    8. Saskatchewan
    9. Alberta
    10. British Columbia
    11. Yukon
    12. Northwest Territories
    13. Nunavut
    14. Outside Canada
14. Deposit liabilities (by type of account) by province - term deposits
    1. Newfoundland and Labrador
    2. Prince Edward Island
    3. Nova Scotia
    4. New Brunswick
    5. Quebec
    6. Ontario
    7. Manitoba
    8. Saskatchewan
    9. Alberta
    10. British Columbia
    11. Yukon
    12. Northwest Territories
    13. Nunavut
    14. Outside Canada

Version 2.1

Data Exploration and Integration Lab (DEIL)
Centre for Special Business Projects (CSBP)

Release date: November 28, 2022

Table of Contents

• 1. Overview
• 2. Data sources
• 3. Reference period
• 4. Target population
• 5. Compilation methodology
  • Geocoding
  • Imputation of ISCED levels
  • Imputation of census subdivision (CSD) names
  • Institution type provided in source datasets
  • Data standardization
    • Address Parsing
    • Removal of duplicates
• 6. Data dictionary
• 7. Data accuracy
• 8. Contact Us

Acknowledgments

A first version of the database was realized with funding by Indigenous Services Canada (ISC) and Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada (CIRNAC). This updated version, with inclusion of Official Language Minority Schools, was realized with funding from Treasury Board Secretariat (TBS) and consultation from Canadian Heritage (PCH). Valuable feedback and comments were provided by these organizations and they are gratefully acknowledged.

1. Overview

For the purpose of exploring open data for official statistics and to support geospatial research across various domains, the Data Exploration and Integration Lab (DEIL) undertook a project to create an accessible and harmonized database of educational facilities released as open data by various levels of government within Canada.^{Footnote 1} This document details the process of collecting, compiling, and standardizing the individual datasets of educational facilities that were used to create an update to the second version of the Open Database of Educational Facilities (ODEF), which is made available under the Open Government Licence – Canada.

In its current version (version 2.1), the ODEF contains 18,982 individual records. For this update to the database, information on public Official Language Minority Schools (OLMS) was added to the existing ODEF version 2.0. An OLMS is defined as an English-speaking school in Quebec, or a French-speaking school outside of Quebec. 967 existing records were identified as an OLMS and 38 new records were added for version 2.1. As the OLMS data were collected more recently than the ODEF data, some facilities had addresses updated to reflect changes. Additionally, latitude and longitude coordinates of OLMS facilities were updated for the matched ODEF records with missing data. CMA information was added with a spatial join using the SF package^{Footnote 2} in R for all records with available coordinate data to be consistent with the OLMS. The database is expected to be updated periodically as new open datasets become available. The ODEF is provided as a compressed comma separated values (CSV) file.

This dataset is one of several datasets created as part of the Linkable Open Data Environment (LODE). The LODE is an initiative that aims at enhancing the use and harmonization of open data from authoritative sources by providing a collection of datasets released under a single licence, as well as open-source code to link these datasets together. Access to the LODE datasets and code are available through the Statistics Canada website and can be found at The Linkable Open Data Environment.

2. Data sources

Multiple data sources were used to create the ODEF. The data providers, which include multiple levels of government, are provided in the Supplementary material as Table 1, including attribution to each data sources as per the licence requirements. Where applicable, licence versions are also shown. For further information on the individual licences, users should consult directly with the information provided on the open data portals of the various data providers. In addition to openly licensed databases, the ODEF also includes a set of publicly available listings of educational facilities for which permission to include was granted by the data providers.

With the inclusion of the OLMS variable for Version 2.1 of the ODEF, all sources for OLMS information are included in Table 2 in the Supplemental material. For each province and territory where multiple data sources on OLMS status were found, one primary data source was chosen that had the greatest number of records and useful attributes such as grade levels and address information.

In addition to the primary sources listed in Table 2, validation was done by comparing lists to the webpages of official minority language school boards. This led to the addition of a small number of facilities that had been missing from the original data sources. The supplementary sources used are listed in Table 3 in the Supplemental material.

3. Reference period

The supplementary material lists either the update frequency or the date each underlying dataset was last updated by the provider (when known), as well as the date each dataset used in the ODEF was downloaded or provided by the data owner. Data were gathered between August 2019 and March 2021 for the ODEF data, and from November 2021 to March 2022 for the OLMS status. Users are cautioned that the download date should not be used to indicate the reference period of the data. If specific information concerning the reference period of data is required, users should contact the appropriate data providers.

4. Target population

An education facility is a physical site at which the primary activity is imparting instruction to a body of students or participants. All education facilities in Canada are in scope for this dataset. These include all levels of education, private and public schools with no exclusions for funding arrangement, operator type, subject area, denomination, student type, location, etc.

As a result of this definition, the database covers facilities such as early childhood education, kindergarten, elementary, secondary, and post-secondary institutions, and specific vocational training centres (such as hairdressing schools). The database does not include virtual educational institutions.

For the OLMS status the target population is restricted to public K-12 official language minority schools. This may include both traditional schools and alternative schools if they are controlled by official language minority school boards or authorities.

Only minimal editing of the original datasets was performed. As work on the experimental ODEF progresses, definitions and thresholds will evolve. Users are reminded that unedited data can be obtained directly from the open data portals or from the various data providers.

5. Compilation methodology

The primary processing component for the database comprised reformatting the source data to CSV format and mapping the original dataset attributes to standard variable (column) names. A data dictionary of the variables used is provided in section 6. Data dictionary. To compile the data into a single database, the following was done:

• Concatenated address data were parsed and separated into their corresponding components (e.g. unit, street number and name, city name, etc.) using libpostal, a natural language processing solution for address parsing.
• Deduplication using literal and fuzzy string matching. This was done in a conservative manner to avoid false positives (for more details, see Data standardization).

The original data files and fields were converted to standard formats and fields using the custom software OpenTabulate. A limited number of entries were manually edited when it was clear that the parsing had not been done correctly. An example is addresses with hyphenated numbers such as "1035-55 street nw", which may have been interpreted as having a civic number of "1035-55" and a street name of "street nw", rather than a civic number of 1035, and a street name of "55 street nw". While effort was made to ensure that the data is correct, it is possible that the scripts used to process and parse the addresses may unintentionally cause other, undetected, errors. Should any such errors be reported, they will be corrected in future versions of the ODEF.

In general, the data included in the ODEF is what is available from the original sources without imputation. The exception to this is the geocoding of entries missing coordinates, and the imputation of CSD names and ISCED levels, discussed below.

In version 2 of the ODEF, the unique identifier has been changed from an integer to a hash computed from the facility name, address, and source id (if available) of the record.

Geocoding

Records that did not include geocoordinates from the source were geocoded using the ESRI ArcGIS Online (AGOL) geocoder and the OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocoder. The AGOL geocoder returns coordinates, as well as a score and a geocoding type. Only records with a score above 90 and with address type indicating the coordinates were either an address, subaddress, point of interest, or intersection were retained for the final database. Records that could not be geocoded to the level of precision described above were then passed to the Nominatim geocoder. Schools were searched for using school names, city, and province, and were kept if the returned school name was a close match to the original school name. The Geo_Source column indicates if the coordinates of a record were provided by the source or if they were geocoded.

Imputation of ISCED levels

The original data sources use a variety of standards, classifications and nomenclature to describe the education level or grade range. The ODEF uses the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) to provide a standard definition of an education level. This required the conversion of a facility's grade range or education level to a corresponding ISCED level.

ISCED levels were derived from the grade range indicated by the data provider if available. Otherwise, education level was converted to a grade range, which was then mapped to ISCED levels. Entries in the original data that did not contain education level information were not assigned to ISCED levels and so these fields are blank in the ODEF.

Table 1 shows the direct mapping of ISCED levels from grade ranges and Table 2 shows the grade ranges in an education level by province and territory. It should be noted that the definition of "kindergarten" (K) as an education level label varies by providers as some of these schools support early childhood education. To avoid false positives, facilities that indicate support for pre-elementary students, as described by an education level string (not a grade range string), were not assigned values for the ISCED010 column. For example, Early Childcare Services in Alberta includes Kindergarten and may also include services for younger children, but was only mapped to ISCED020. Despite some of these facilities supporting childhood education, the notion of pre-elementary appears to vary between data providers and schools. This is shown in Table 2 with the assignment of "pre-elementary" to kindergarten when converted to a grade range.

Table 1: Data dictionary variables and their corresponding ISCED levels

Variable	Name	ISCED level	Grade range
Early childhood education	ISCED010	010	Pre-K
Kindergarten	ISCED020	020	K
Elementary	ISCED1	1	1-6
Junior secondary	ISCED2	2	7-9
Senior secondary	ISCED3	3	10-12
Post-secondary	ISCED4+	4+	-

Table 2: Education level conversion definition to grade ranges based on the province/territory

Province / Territory	Pre-elementary / kindergarten	Elementary / primary	Junior high / middle	Senior high
Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, Alberta, Northwest Territories, Nunavut	K	1-6	7-9	10-12
New Brunswick	K	1-5	6-8	9-12
Quebec	K	1-6	7-11
Ontario	K	1-8	9-12
Manitoba	K	1-4	5-8	9-12
Saskatchewan	K	1-5	6-9	10-12
British Columbia, Yukon	K	1-7	8-12

Imputation of census subdivision (CSD) names

Census subdivision (CSD)^{Footnote 3} names were derived from geographic coordinates, namely latitude and longitude. These are placed into the corresponding CSDs by linking the coordinate points to the CSD polygons through a spatial join operation using the Python package GeoPandas.^{Footnote 4}

Institution type provided in source datasets

The provided institution type (e.g., public, private, etc.) was used as stated in the source data set without further reinterpretation, reassignment or mapping to a uniform classification. In comparison with the use of ISCED to standardize education levels, there is no known standard for institution type. When the data source did not have a type column but the data source itself was for a particular type (e.g., a file of public schools or a file of Private schools), then the facility type was set manually.

Data standardization

Due to the different standards adopted in the original data, steps taken to standardize the data were liable to produce errors. The key principles of the methodology used were the avoidance of false positives and of significant alterations to the data. The methodology and limitations of each technique are described below. Trivial cleaning techniques, such as removal of whitespace characters and punctuation removal, are omitted from discussion.

Address Parsing

The libpostal address parser, an open-source natural language processing solution to parsing addresses, was used to split concatenated address strings into strings corresponding to address variables, such as street name and street number. Occasionally, addresses were split incorrectly due to unconventional formatting of the original address. While effort was made to identify and correct these entries in the final database, some incorrectly parsed entries may have remained undetected. Exceptions are entries with street numbers of the form of two numbers separated by a hyphen or space. Entries of this form usually indicate that the address parser incorrectly parsed a numbered street name (e.g., "123 100 ave" is parsed into the street number "123 100" and the street name "ave", or else that a unit has not been identified correctly (as in "3-100 main st"). Numbers of this form are automatically separated, where the right most number is prepended to the street name if the street name is a variant of the word "street" or "avenue."

For OLMS entries where only a P.O. box address was provided, these addresses were removed and replaced with the civic addresses, which were found through manual web searches.

Finally, a limited number of entries that were not parsed correctly were identified by manual inspection and corrected.

Removal of duplicates

The removal of duplicates was done using the Record Linkage Toolkit package in Python, where Levenshtein and Cosine distances were computed on name and address fields for facilities within the same CSD. Record pairs with string similarity metrics above 0.9 were flagged for inspection and removed if they were determined to be duplicates.

For OLMS entries, record pairs were manually inspected to determine whether the matches indicated true or false duplicates. Using web searches to compare names and addresses between the matched pairs and in some cases, ground-truthing with mapping sites, most record pairs were identified as false duplicates. In addition, several pairs were identified as belonging to the same school but covering different grade ranges – these were indicated separately. In the end, only entries that seemed to be clear duplicates (very similar names, addresses, and equal grade information) were chosen for removal, or facilities with exact matches on names and address information.

6. Data dictionary

This data dictionary below describes the variables of the ODEF.

Variable – Record ID

Variable – Source ID

Variable – Facility Name

Variable – Facility Type

Variable – Authority Name

Variable – Early Childhood Education

Variable – Kindergarten

Variable – Elementary

Variable – Junior Secondary

Variable – Senior Secondary

Variable – Post-Secondary

Variable – Official Language Minority School Designation

Location Variables

Variable – Full Address

Variable – Unit Number

Variable – Street Number

Variable – Street Name

Variable – City

Variable – Province/Territory

Variable – Postal Code

Variable – Province Unique Identifier

Variable – CSD Name

Variable – CSD Unique Identifier

Variable – Longitude

Variable – Latitude

Variable – Geocoding source

Variable – Data Provider

Variable – CMA Name

Variable – CMA Unique Identifier

7. Data accuracy

All education facility data in the ODEF were collected from government data sources, either from open data portals or otherwise public webpages. In general, other than the processing required to harmonize the different sources into one database, the underlying datasets were taken "as is."

A few exceptions apply to OLMS entries. Some entries that did not appear in the original data sources used were added after comparing them to the webpages of official language minority school boards. When schools were missing information such as address or school board, this was filled in through manual searches.

Imputation of ISCED levels is done conservatively to avoid false positives. Consequently, the percentages of ISCED levels with a non-empty value differ by level.

Natural language processing methods are used to do the parsing and separation of address strings into address variables, such as street number and postal code. The methods are reputable for performance and accuracy, but as with all statistical learning methods, they have limitations as well. Poor or unconventional formatting of addresses may result in incorrect parsing. At this stage, no further integration with other address sources was attempted; hence, although address records are generally expected to be correct, residual errors may be present in the current version of the database.

Finally, it should be noted that facility type, which discerns public, private, and other types of institutions, has different interpretations by province and data provider. For example, religious schools may be publicly funded in one jurisdiction but not in another.

8. Contact Us

The LODE open databases are modelled on ongoing improvement. To provide information on additions, updates, corrections or omissions, or for more information, please contact us at statcan.lode-ecdo.statcan@statcan.gc.ca. Please include the title of the open database in the subject line of the email.