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Eh Sayers Episode 33 - Orange Skies, Smoky Air and Billions at Risk of Going Up in Smoke

Release date: July 6, 2026

Catalogue number: 45200003
ISSN: 2816-2250

Orange Skies, Smoky Air and Billions at Risk of Going Up in Smoke

Listen to "Eh Sayers" on:

Orange skies are only part of the story. Wildfires are also reshaping Canada's economy. How are these impacts measured, and what do they reveal about the future? Experts Mike Flannigan and Mark Brown explain.

Host

Max Zimmerman

Guests

Mark Brown, Mike Flannigan

Listen to audio

Eh Sayers Episode 33 - Orange Skies, Smoky Air and Billions at Risk of Going Up in Smoke - Transcript

Max: Welcome to Eh Sayers, a podcast by Statistics Canada where we meet the people behind the data and explore the stories behind the numbers. I'm your host, Max Zimmerman

I'll be honest, as a city dweller, wildfires just aren't on my day-to-day radar. But to date, 2023 was Canada's most destructive wildfire season yet. Over 6,000 wildfires burned at least 15 million hectares of land during 2023. For those of you like me, having a hard time visualizing what 15 million hectares of land looks like, that's an area of destruction larger than England.

We see these apocalyptic scenes online, but when we keep scrolling on our socials, life for us urbanites, it just keeps on going, and that's been the case as far back as I can remember. But in recent years, even our biggest cities have started to feel some of the real tangible impacts of these wildfires.

For several summers in a row now, smoky air and orange skies have descended upon Southeast Ontario, impacting visibility and causing air quality advisories due to some of the worst air quality in the world at the time. What used to be considered a western Canadian problem only, now has researchers convinced that wildfires are an issue that faces the entire country.

So far this year, wildfire season in Canada has started off thankfully pretty slow. But experts like those you're about to hear from, they're not breathing any sighs of relief just yet. Let's meet them now and find out what the data says about what we can expect for the rest of the summer and into the future

Mike: My name's Mike Flannigan, and I have many titles. Uh, I'm a research chair, I'm a professor, wildland fire. I'm a fire guy is, is what I like. I'm at, uh, based in Kamloops, British Columbia, and it's the traditional and unceded territory of the Secwépemc and Tk'emlúps people.

Mark: My name is Mark Brown, and I, I'm a principal researcher in the Economic Social Analysis and Modeling Division here at StatCan.

Max: So Mike, maybe I'll start with you. Can you set the scene for us? I know that 2023 was a record-breaking year in terms of wildfires. What have we been seeing since then?

Mike: So 2023 was record-smashing. Uh, about 4% of our forest burned, 15 million hectares. It sounds like a lot, but it's like, uh, seven times the size of Lake Ontario.

It-it's just a huge area and completely unexpected. And followed by 2024, which was also a very active year, though it didn't start active. It was kind of late, mid-season, late season. And then 2025 came along, and it started really fast, was giving 2023 a run for its money, finished in second place. Over the three years, we burned about 8% of our forest in Canada.

So to me, 2026 is a litmus test, 'cause I always used to say, "Ah, there'll be cold, wet years and hot, dry years," but maybe we're changing, and we're going to see active fire every year. Um, so 2026 is this litmus test, so, uh, gonna be interesting to see what develops this year.

Max: And how is it starting so far?

Mike: It's actually starting quite slow. It's more like a 2024 year, though there are indicators that suggest it may be an active year, things like, uh, abnormally dry conditions or drought in parts of Canada, though things improved a bit. Also, the summer season forecast, yes, you have to take with a lot of salt, um, suggests it's gonna be a hot summer, and the precipitation forecast suggests it's gonna be dry, especially in western Canada, and that's a recipe for wildfire.

But especially the precipitation forecast can be n-not completely reliable. And the disclaimer is no one knows the future. It will depend on the day-to-day weather we see and how many ignitions we see.

Max: And Mark, I think this is a good time to get you in here. Maybe you can speak to us a bit about the economic impacts that you and your team are seeing here at StatCan with the work that you're doing.

Because when I think of measuring the cost of a fire, I have this image in my head of a researcher or a scientist in, like, a white trench coat on the ground just counting all the buildings that have fallen and sort of adding up a total dollar value and then putting a cost on it. But something tells me that it's a bit more complicated than that.

Mark: Yeah, in, in terms of trying to sort of tease out the numbers from our statistics, um, there's basically-- it's, it's kind of a two-step process. The one is to say, is to try to figure out, well, what were the areas actually impacted? So that's where the fire went through or where there was e-evacuations. So we can use, you know, there's remote sensed information on where the fires burned areas were, w- that we use, and then we also use information on what the geographic areas of where, where the evacuations were from multiple different sources.

So we put those together, and you basically have a map of where the, where the fires happened and, and, and, and also where the evacuations were. And it's kind of like taking tracing paper and taking a, a grid, one kilometer one kilometer sort of sticking on top of where those fires are. And you're kind of like tracing in where the fires overlap with those grid squares.

And we've been able to measure, have an estimate what economic output, GDP happens in those squares.

Max: Interesting.

Mark: So you take the fire, you lay it on top of the squares, say, "Oh, well those are the ones where there's an overlap," and you add it up. And so I talk about Edson, Alberta, you add up how much of those grid squares in, in Edson producing GDP had a wildfire come through or, or were, or were evacuated.

And the same thing across the country through the fire season, and that's how we come up with, with, with those numbers.

Max: Okay, yeah, that's really interesting. So yeah, there's the cost of the actual damage to the physical buildings and stuff, and then there's also the exposure to the GDP element. Mike, how do fires start?

I know there's the natural lightning, of course, but then there's also human-caused fires as well. Could you talk a bit about those and maybe what percentage of our fires are human-caused versus natural?

Mike: So in Canada, just over half our fires are started by lightning, but they're responsible for over ninety percent of the area burned.

And there's a seasonal component. Most of the spring fires are human-caused, and, and most of the summer fires are lightning-caused. Um, human causes, these are primarily accidental. There, there are, are arson fires, unfortunately, but they're a really small percent. Most of them, you know, parking your, your vehicle with a hot muffler over dry grass starts a fire.

Campfires, people burn fields, that accidentally starts fires sometimes. Uh, power lines, railways, there's a number of ways that people and our infrastructure start fires across the landscape.

Max: And we're starting to see some of these residual effects of the wildfires, even in our big cities. I'm in Ottawa, and we, for the past few summers, have seen orange skies, and we've smelt that smoky campfire air coming from those wildfires.

You know, I'm thirty-three now, and I don't remember this ever being an issue. So is this something that experts are expecting to continue to get worse? Are we in for more orange skies and, and more of that smoky air going forward?

Mike: So the short answer is yes, okay? And, you know, that's the thing about fire is yes, you know, I mentioned Lytton and Jasper and Fort McMurray.

Unfortunately, you know, the town or part of the community was destroyed by fire. But if you live in Ottawa like you do, or Toronto, New York, you know, it's unlikely your place is gonna burn down from a wildland fire. However, fire can travel long distances, so a fire a thousand kilometers away can make your life miserable for weeks.

And the more we know about smoke, the more we realize how bad it is for human health. Global studies suggest 1.5 million people die prematurely every year due to wildland fire smoke. That's just, you know, a horrendous number. And, you know, in Canada, we've seen almost a quadrupling of area burn since the 1970s, and my colleagues and I attribute this largely, not solely, to human-caused climate change.

The warmer we get, the more fire we see. So we expect, as the Earth continues to warm, we expect to see more and more fire in Canada and other places around the globe. So yeah, you're gonna see more smoke, uh, unfortunately. So the bottom line is we have to learn to live with fire and smoke

Max: You mentioned wind as well, and I was gonna ask you, is that, like, a huge component in terms of why the larger cities are experiencing that?

Like, is it necessarily indicative of a huge wildfire season to experience those things down south? Or is it could just be, oh, it's actually, uh, not that bad of a wildfire season, but if the wind is blowing a certain way, we're gonna feel those effects?

Mike: Well, it's a combination of both. The more fire you have, the more smoke you have.

But of course, it does depend on wind direction. So if you have south winds, the smoke's gonna blow over the Arctic or over Greenland or even to Europe, and that's happened on many occasions. So it's, it depends is the answer, which isn't probably all that, uh, comforting, but that's, that's the truth. It depends.

Max: Mark, I wanna turn back to you now. Your focus is obviously more on the data and economic aspects of the wildfires. I just wanna know, how does data actually help us combat wildfires? You know, data can't be used to put out a fire as far as I know. So how do we actually use it to make a difference?

Mark: We're filling in a lot of blanks here.

Before we, we could do this work, we didn't really know how much GDP output was potentially impacted by, by these fires.

Max: Mm-hmm.

Mark: So, um, governments have to make decisions about how they allocate resources, and so it's, it-- this builds a picture about what, how important the potential impacts of these wildfires are and, and how much you have to think about putting effort into mitigating those, those potential impacts o-over time.

You know, if you, if you're gonna adapt to something new, you have to understand the basic scope of, of what the problem is, and I think this, these types of data help, help us to understand it and help us to think about into the future because you can think about, well, we have climate models that can, can help us understand how much more frequent these fires might be.

Um, and therefore, you can begin to think about what the risks are going down the road and how much effort you might need to put into actually mitigating those risks

Max: Yeah, fair enough. I mean, data is invaluable in the sense that we can't solve a problem that we don't understand, right? Precisely. So we also know that the impacts of wildfires are much more pronounced in certain regions more than others.

Can you paint us a picture of which areas are affected the most, and is that changing at all?

Mark: I was just reading, uh, an email I got from my insurer.

Max: Okay.

Mark: Talking about wildfires, you know, sort of highlighting the risks, you, you know, of, of those wildfires. And they were talking about the fact that the world has been changing, and it used to be a Western Canada thing, wildfires, but it's becoming more widespread now.

As I mentioned at, at the start, this was not something you thought much about in the maritime provinces, and now you do. And so increasingly I think of this as a Canada-wide issue just because it is.

Max: So we've been talking a lot about economics, and I think it's really important to acknowledge that economics are not the only types of impacts felt in the wake of these wildfires.

People are forced to evacuate their homes. They may lose priceless personal possessions, sometimes their homes and, uh, you know, whole communities in some cases in, in very severe, severe fires. Yeah. You know, I understand that this might not be either of your areas of expertise, but just on a human level, I think it's important to acknowledge that there are many ways in which these wildfires are devastating that are not measurable in dollars and cents.

Mike: I'm a physical scientist, so I study the physical side. But if you're evacuated, if you've lost your home, that's obviously a stressful situation. It, it affects indigenous communities, you know, disproportionately because many of them are remote northern communities, and that's where fire seems to, to dominate.

So the impacts are real and long-lasting, and that an area that needs study

Mark: Absolutely. I mean, you, uh, you live your, your daily life, your daily routine, and you don't expect to all of a sudden have to pick up and leave your house within 30 minutes and head off to some shelter somewhere or some town-

Mike: Mm-hmm

Mark: down the road, and many Canadians have had to experience that over the past few years. Like in, in 2023, somewhere in the vicinity of 200,000 people had to evacuate their homes. Wow. Um, that's a lot of people, and it's obviously very disruptive to people's lives. I mean, I had cousins of mine in Halifax lived in the same, very near where the fire was in Tantallon.

They were away at their time, but their daughter had to drive through the fire to- Oh, wow ... to get out. So, you know, a lot of people have these stories. It's pretty intense.

Mike: Fire is a natural element of our, of our forests in Canada, and when and where possible, we should let Mother Nature play its natural role.

Of course, you know, if a fire starts two kilometers from your community, that's, we, we obviously can't let that fire burn into the community. But, you know, if it's in a remote area, and we are starting to see more and more fire management agencies allow fire to play their natural role, which at times is beneficial.

You know, a lot, fires aren't necessarily, you know, bad, okay? They're just natural, and our forests have learned to survive and thrive in a regime of semi-regular stand replacing, stand renewing high intensity fire. They, they're built for it.

Max: So what are some of the benefits of letting wildfires burn in areas where they're not necessarily gonna be a danger to human beings?

Mike: So fire is a great agent knocking down pests, you know, like spru- spud worm in these, mountain pine beetle, which devastated millions of hectares in central BC. Fire is a great agent knocking it down. It resets the ecological clock. Uh, you have pioneer species come in, and as I say, you know, our forests survive and thrive in a regime of sometimes, you know, especially the boreal stand replacing fires.

So i- it's just the, the natural role fire plays in our ecosystem. Uh, but the problem is, as we see more and more fire and more and more intense and severe fire, regeneration may be a problem as, you know, especially as we see, you know, things like drought accompanying fire where it's gonna be hard to regenerate.

So we're, we're starting to see the potential development of wastelands or grasslands, uh, that used to be forest. So that, that is a concern.

Max: Do you notice an issue fatigue when it comes to talking about wildfires? We see horrific scenes of these blazes online, but I just feel kinda helpless, and so I click away.

I'm wondering, like, you know, what are some of the real tangible things that we as Canadians can do to help with wildfires apart from becoming a volunteer firefighter?

Mike: So yeah, there's lots of things we can do. First, if you live in a fire-prone place, have a go bag, all right? So that if you have to evacuate, I hope you never do, but you're prepared for it.

Second, programs like FireSmart, uh, have seven principles, and some of these help your home and your community be better pr- protected from wildfire. A lot of it's common sense. Uh, building materials should be non-flammable. That zone around your house, that-- especially that zero to one point five meter, needs to be free of flammable material.

'Cause, you know, what the public probably doesn't understand is that most fires enter, enters the community through a rain of embers, little burning bits of twigs, bark, sometimes even pine cones, that can be carried by the wind kilometers, okay? Uh, West Kelowna fire, McDougall Creek, Jump Lake, Okanagan. So it probably carried burning bits of stuff over three kilometers.

And if it lands on something flammable, like mulch right beside your house, it catches fire and then your house burns down. So check FireSmart out. You put it in your browser, away we go. Also, if you see a fire, report it right away. You know, different jurisdictions have different phone numbers. Some, like BC and Alberta, have apps.

Um, and with-- if you're in doubt, call nine one one, 'cause the sooner we're aware of the fire, then we can deal responsibly with that fire. So these are some of the things you can do. The smoke issue. Uh, so even if you're not in a fire-prone place, everywhere in Canada is prone to smoke at time to time. So, uh, air purifiers in your house.

Uh, avoid vigorous exercise outside. If it's really bad, N95 masks that we wore for COVID were actually developed for wildland fire smoke, so wear a mask, all right? These are things we can do to protect our health.

Max: And Mark, are there any misconceptions around wildfires that you want our listeners to know about?

Mark: The one thing that kind of surprised me a little bit about the numbers is when we looked at the national scale, I saw like less than 1% of GDP. I, you know, naively maybe thought it was going to be higher. Um, but, uh, but at the same time, it's like Toronto wasn't being impacted by the wildfires. Good point.

But at the same time, you know, as, as I said before, when you zero in on particular regions, you see really, really big impacts. So, you know, I think that's sort of-- I'm not sure if that's a misconception per se, but it's sort of just highlighting to me just how lo- ob-obviously localized these, these, these impacts can be.

Max: Mike, I'll pose the same question to you. Are there any misconceptions that you can think of?

Mike: Well, I think we kind of covered a lot of them already. The fire is bad. You know, that's a misconception. Fire is natural. It can have significant impacts, absolutely. Um, fire, how fires enter communities, um, you know, is through that, typically through that rain of burning bits, embers, um- The idea that we can put out all the fires all the time, and that's just not the case.

You know, but, you know, if you got 95% on a test, you think you're doing really well, and that's what, you know, most fire management agencies put out 95% of the fires when they're really small. Uh, but, you know, as mentioned, the tail wags the dog in the fire world, and, you know, 3% of the fires burn most of our area burned and cause most of our impacts.

Max: And Mark, in your opinion, why do you think that these findings, like the research matters? I know we've touched on that al- al- already, but just, you know, on a macro level.

Mark: We live our lives in our local communities and our towns and cities, and a lot of the processes we're exposed to, the phenomena are, are, are very localized in, in nature.

And I think the wildfires are, are a case in point. But a lot of the change we experience are very much about what's happening in our place, in our, in our backyard in a, in a way. And I think this sort of work kind of highlights that, but also highlights the general need, I think, to continue to push to get more and more information that's more local in nature so that people can make those, these local decisions about what's best for them, what's best for their community.

Max: I think just to that point, I mean, this is definitely not your area of expertise in terms of demography, but, like, is there an anticipation if things, you know, continue to get worse in, in those regions that are most affected of, of out migration just in terms of wanting to avoid these fires altogether?

And then how does that affect these communities, right? People don't want to stay. Yeah.

Mark: That's potentially the case. I think there's some research out there where people are trying to see, you know, like, I think there's research in the US trying to see what happens to these places when wildfires come through.

Do businesses reinvest? Do people leave? Mm-hmm. Um, because there is concern about whether insurance rates are gonna go up, where you can get insurance, and, um, so if the risk is high enough. Um, so yeah. And so there is a long-term risk that if this becomes sort of an endemic problem and it's gonna continue to be there, that people may just, may begin to think, think about moving elsewhere or not moving in.

Max: Mm-hmm.

Mark: So, um, but then again, there are places like Los Angeles that have been in, that have been exposed to wildfires for since their start. That's right. People are still there, so.

Max: Yeah. Good point. Are researchers such as yourself here at StatCan gathering data on other areas of concern apart from wildfires?

I imagine measuring GDP exposure could apply to a wide range of natural disasters.

Mark: Absolutely. I mean, uh, we've already done some work looking at, at flooding and, uh, areas impacted by flooding. If you think back to, uh, the BC floods from, from a few years ago, we have a paper out that sort of looks at how much GDP was exposed to those floods.

And so, uh, in, in some ways that was sort of a, a starting point for thinking about the wildfire work.

Mike: Okay.

Mark: Um, but also thinking forward, um, it's-- y-you can imagine we can think about wildfires, we can think about flooding, we can think about, um, uh, sea level rise or droughts, or a number of different cases where the climate might be changing.

Um, and then asking, well, uh, where we think that there, that the change is, is most acute, um, what is hap- what is the output in, in, in, in those particular places?

Max: And in your opinions, what's the biggest story here? What do you want listeners to take away with them from this conversation?

Mike: We're seeing more fire, more impactful fire, higher intensity fire, more severe fire because of human-caused climate change.

I can't be any clearer than that, okay? Uh, it's not responsible for all of it, but studies suggest most of the increases we see are because we're a warmer world, and that's primarily because of humans and their activities, and in particular, the burning of fossil fuels. We, we have to get off fossil fuels.

There's no way, there's no way, way around stopping this warming if we don't

Mark: It's on our agenda to continue to build these data to move beyond GDP to other types of measures. And, and what's, what I think is really, um, good about that is that you begin to almost have this sort of multiplying effect that you have a-- you have, you know what GDP is, you know who's living there, you know what their demographics is or how much they, you know, maybe it's income or, or whatever it might be.

And then you also know all these various physical characteristics of those places and how that might be changing.

Mike: Mm-hmm.

Mark: And to begin to actually build this picture, um, and a picture that might be changing through time and one that, um, I think will be relevant to people as, as the, the world is always changing, be it climate or be it economy or, or, or whatever.

And I think it puts people in a better position, decision-makers, um, to, to use that information, I hope, to make better decisions.

Max: And Mike, if listeners would like to learn more about wildfires, your work, or anything else that you might find important, where should they go?

Mike: So you can put my name in your browser and you'll, you'll hit lots of stuff, but, uh, try TRU Wildfire.

Uh, we, we have a great fire program here. We have diplomas now, certificates, and we're working on trying to get a bachelor's of fire, um, which will be the first in Canada. So check out our website, TRU Wildfire. I also do a fire weather outlook, a five to ten day outlook to say, "Hey, is some extreme fire weather coming?

Where is it coming?" Uh, so kind of trying to build that first early warning system. And so just put that in your browser, wildfire outlook TRU, and it should pop up, and I'm doing the forecast tomorrow. So, uh, you know, so you get a new one tomorrow.

Max: And if you'd like to learn more about the work that Mark Brown and his team are doing here at StatCan, there's an article titled Estimates of Gross Domestic Product in Wildfire Affected Areas during the two thousand and twenty-three and two thousand and twenty-four wildfire seasons.

You can find that and more on StatCan Plus on the StatCan website. Thank you so much, Mike. Thanks for your time and your expertise.

Mike: Enjoyed the conversation.

Max: Thank you so much, Mark. Thanks for coming in and, um, explaining everything, and thanks for your time and your expertise today.

Mark: My pleasure.

Max: You've been listening to Eh Sayers. Thanks to our guests, Mark Brown and Mike Flanagan. If you'd like to learn more about wildfires, please check out the link in our show notes where you can find references for everything that was discussed in today's episode. You can find this show wherever you get your podcasts.

There, you can also find a French version of our show called Écoutez Bien. If you like this show, please rate, review, and subscribe. And as always, thanks for listening

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Eh Sayers Episode 33 - Orange Skies, Smoky Air and Billions at Risk of Going Up in Smoke (MP3, 60.12 MB)

Canadian Community Health Survey 2026 – Rapid Response – Fertility

Getting started

Why are we conducting this survey?

Statistics Canada is conducting a survey about the health and well-being of Canadians. The Canadian Community Health Survey asks people from all provinces and territories about their health status, factors that affect their health and their use of health care services.

One of the main goals of the survey is to gather information to help improve health programs and services provided in your region.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Although voluntary, your participation is important so that the information collected is as accurate and complete as possible.

Other important information

Authorization and confidentiality

Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19. Your information will be kept strictly confidential.

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the response burden, Statistics Canada will combine the information you provide with information from the tax data of all members of your household. Statistics Canada and your provincial or territorial ministry of health, or the Institut de la statistique du Québec for Quebec respondents, may also combine the information you provide with other surveys or administrative sources.

Statistics Canada may also combine the information you provide with other survey or administrative data sources.

Contact us if you have any questions or concerns about record linkage:

Email: Infostats

Telephone: 1-877-949-9492

Mail:

Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of Director, Centre for Population Health Data
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0T6

Relationship status

Do you have a spouse or long-term partner?

  • Yes
  • No

What was your partner's sex at birth?

Sex refers to sex assigned at birth.

  • Male
  • Female

Fertility

The next few questions are about fertility, infertility, the chances of becoming pregnant, and the use of medical services to help people to conceive children.

In the time that you and your partner have been together, how many children have you or your partner given birth to?

Exclude stillbirths and current pregnancy.

  • Number of children
    • 0
    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    • 4
    • 5
    • 6
    • 7
    • 8
    • 9
    • 10
    • 11
    • 12
    • More than 12

What was the longest amount of time you and your partner actively tried to become pregnant before successfully conceiving?

Please enter the duration in months or years. If you have tried to conceive more than once, please refer to the longest attempt.

If you never actively tried to become pregnant, please enter "0".

  • Duration
  • Months or years
    • Months
    • Years

Is your partner currently pregnant?

  • Yes
  • No

In the past 12 months, did you or your partner become pregnant?

  • Yes
  • No

In the past 12 months, have you or your partner used any birth control methods?

e.g., condoms, birth control pills, intra-uterine device (IUD), the withdrawal method, and other birth control methods

  • Yes
  • No

Given that you or your partner have not used a birth control method in the past 12 months, which of the following best describes your situation?

Would you say:

  • You are trying to conceive a child
  • You have been told by a medical professional that you or your partner has a medical condition that makes it unlikely for you as a couple to have children
  • You or your partner reached menopause
  • You or your partner has had a vasectomy, a hysterectomy or a tubal ligation, also known as "having your tubes tied"
  • Other

Which one of you has a medical condition that makes it unlikely for you as a couple to have children?

Select all that apply.

  • You
  • Your partner

Sometimes people have difficulty in conceiving a child and need help such as getting medical advice, fertility counselling and testing, fertility drugs or medical procedures to become pregnant.

In the time that you and your partner have been together, have you or your partner encountered problems in conceiving a child?

  • Yes
  • No
  • Never tried to conceive a child

Have you or your partner seen a doctor or other health care provider about this?

Include professionals you visited for the purpose of assistance or advice to help conceive a child.

  • Yes
  • No

What are the reasons you or your partner have not seen a doctor or other health care provider about this?

Select all that apply.

Would you say:

  • Lack of time
  • Cost
  • Feelings of fear or discomfort
  • There are no health care providers in the area
  • Other

While you and your partner were trying to conceive a child, did you use any of the following methods?

Select all that apply.

  • Techniques to track menstrual cycle and ovulation
    e.g., period-tracking mobile applications, ovulation predictor tests
  • Fertility enhancing drugs prescribed by a doctor
    e.g., clomiphene citrate, also known as clomidTM, letrozole
  • Assisted reproductive technology
    e.g., in-vitro fertilization (IVF), intra-uterine insemination (IUI), artificial insemination
  • Other medical treatment
    OR
  • None of the above

In the time that you and your partner have been together, have you and your partner ever tried to conceive a child over a period of at least 12 consecutive months without becoming pregnant?

Include any pregnancies that occurred, even if they did not result in a live birth, such as a miscarriage or stillbirth.

  • Yes
  • No

Monthly Survey of Food Services and Drinking Places: CVs for Total Sales by Geography - April 2026

CVs for Total sales by geography
GeographyMonth
202504202505202506202507202508202509202510202511202512202601202602202603202604
percentage
Canada0.130.150.050.050.060.060.080.070.090.120.100.110.18
Newfoundland and Labrador0.70.460.260.200.200.280.310.320.450.530.460.690.89
Prince Edward Island0.460.570.390.40.340.450.591.171.171.701.441.241.77
Nova Scotia0.640.430.200.170.190.240.250.600.430.380.360.840.69
New Brunswick0.390.330.240.190.210.350.390.820.360.470.411.040.75
Quebec0.490.220.080.080.170.150.270.170.180.280.240.260.33
Ontario0.190.330.090.070.090.100.130.120.160.200.160.160.22
Manitoba0.340.410.240.230.220.340.370.590.520.690.610.831.02
Saskatchewan0.410.360.390.540.260.400.350.690.460.531.111.301.69
Alberta0.320.320.150.190.160.160.170.200.230.320.210.280.57
British Columbia0.160.190.100.160.120.120.130.170.190.250.200.260.41
Yukon Territory0.981.200.911.031.071.321.642.062.182.842.742.753.68
Northwest Territories2.1716.362.511.181.291.171.292.172.342.842.602.6313.55
Nunavut62.264.172.142.6747.682.722.4064.641.902.852.593.883.73

Request for information — Society and community

Under the authority of the Statistics Act, Statistics Canada is hereby requesting the following information, which will be used solely for statistical and research purposes and will be protected in accordance with the provisions of the Statistics Act and any other applicable law. This is a mandatory request for data.

Canadian military experience

Canadian Armed Forces personnel file

What information is being requested?

Statistics Canada is requesting employment history and occupational data on a more frequent basis including additional information on those who have served or are currently serving in the Canadian Armed Forces, who were enrolled as of January 1, 1972 or after.

What personal information is included in this request?

This request includes expanded employment equity information, if available, to complement information already held by Statistics Canada dating back to 1972 which includes personal information such as the members name, sex, gender, date of birth, social insurance number, address and contact information which are required to perform data linkages, for statistical purposes only. Once the data are linked, the personal identifiers will be replaced by an anonymized person key.

What years of data will be requested?

Statistics Canada will request the information on a more frequent (annual) and ongoing basis.

From whom will the information be requested?

This information is being requested from the Department of National Defence.

Why is this information being requested?

Statistics Canada requires this information to create and publish accurate and up-to-date statistics on the number of Canadians who have previously served or are currently serving in the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF), and to provide additional information on their sociodemographic and labour characteristics. These statistics will be used to help better serve this population by informing policies and programs administered by Veterans Affairs Canada (VAC), the Department of National Defence (DND), and other Veteran support organizations. Statistics Canada requests this information so that these policies and programs can be adjusted to meet the needs of Canadians.

Additionally, the information will be used to support the Military and Veteran Status file (MVSF) for validation activities related to the Census of Population and as a sample frame for Veteran and military personnel surveys.

Statistics Canada may also use the information for other statistical and research purposes.

Why were these organizations selected as data providers?

The Department of National Defense is responsible for collecting and maintaining up-to-date data on military personnel enrolled in the CAF.

When will this information be requested?

June 2026

What Statistics Canada programs will primarily use these data?

When was this request published?

June 16, 2026

Canadian Survey on Business Conditions, third quarter of 2026

Business or organization information

1. Which of the following categories best describes this business or organization?

  • Government agency
  • Private sector business
  • Non-profit organization
    • Who does this organization primarily serve?
      • Households or individuals
        e.g., child and youth services, community food services, food bank, women’s shelter, community housing services, emergency relief services, religious organization, grant and giving services, social advocacy group, arts and recreation group
      • Businesses
        e.g., business association, chamber of commerce, condominium association, environmental support or protection services, group benefit carriers (pensions, health, medical)
  • Don’t know

2. In what year was this business or organization first established?

Please provide the year this business or organization first began operations.

Year business or organization was first established:
OR
Don’t know

  • Approximately how long ago was this business or organization first established?
    • 2 years ago or less
      Established in 2026, 2025, or 2024.
    • 3 to 10 years ago
      Established in 2016 to 2023.
    • 11 to 20 years ago
      Established in 2006 to 2015.
    • More than 20 years ago
      Established in 2005 or earlier.
    • Don’t know

3. Over the last 12 months, which of the following international activities did this business or organization conduct?

Select all that apply.

  • Export or sell goods outside of Canada
    Include both intermediate and final goods.
  • Export or sell services outside of Canada
    Include services delivered virtually and in person.
    e.g., software, cloud services, legal services, environmental services, architectural services, digital advertising
  • Make investments outside of Canada
  • Sell goods to businesses or organizations in Canada who then resold them outside of Canada
  • Import or buy goods from outside of Canada
    Include both intermediate and final goods.
  • Import or buy services from outside of Canada
    Include services received virtually and in person.
    e.g., software, cloud services, legal services, environmental services, architectural services, digital advertising
  • Relocate any business or organizational activities or employees from another country into Canada
    Exclude temporary foreign workers.
  • Relocate any business or organizational activities or employees from Canada to another country
  • Engage in other international business or organizational activities
    OR
  • None of the above

4. Over the next three months, how are each of the following expected to change for this business or organization?

Exclude seasonal factors or conditions.

  • Number of employees
    • Increase
    • Stay about the same
    • Decrease
    • Not applicable
    • Don’t know
  • Vacant positions
    • Increase
    • Stay about the same
    • Decrease
    • Not applicable
    • Don’t know
  • Sales of goods or services offered by this business or organization
    • Increase
    • Stay about the same
    • Decrease
    • Not applicable
    • Don’t know
  • Selling price of goods or services offered by this business or organization
    • Increase
    • Stay about the same
    • Decrease
    • Not applicable
    • Don’t know
  • Demand for goods or services offered by this business or organization
    • Increase
    • Stay about the same
    • Decrease
    • Not applicable
    • Don’t know
  • Imports of goods or services
    • Increase
    • Stay about the same
    • Decrease
    • Not applicable
    • Don’t know
  • Exports of goods or services
    • Increase
    • Stay about the same
    • Decrease
    • Not applicable
    • Don’t know
  • Operating income
    • Increase
    • Stay about the same
    • Decrease
    • Not applicable
    • Don’t know
  • Operating expenses
    • Increase
    • Stay about the same
    • Decrease
    • Not applicable
    • Don’t know
  • Profitability
    • Increase
    • Stay about the same
    • Decrease
    • Not applicable
    • Don’t know
  • Cash reserves
    • Increase
    • Stay about the same
    • Decrease
    • Not applicable
    • Don’t know
  • Capital expenditures
    e.g., machinery, equipment
    • Increase
    • Stay about the same
    • Decrease
    • Not applicable
    • Don’t know
  • Training expenditures
    • Increase
    • Stay about the same
    • Decrease
    • Not applicable
    • Don’t know
  • Marketing and advertising budget
    • Increase
    • Stay about the same
    • Decrease
    • Not applicable
    • Don’t know
  • Expenditures in research and development
    • Increase
    • Stay about the same
    • Decrease
    • Not applicable
    • Don’t know
  • Online sales 
    • Increase
    • Stay about the same
    • Decrease
    • Not applicable
    • Don’t know

Business or organization obstacles

5. Over the next three months, which of the following are expected to be obstacles for this business or organization?

Select all that apply.

  • Shortage of labour force
  • Recruiting skilled employees
  • Retaining skilled employees
  • Shortage of space or equipment
  • Cost of inputs
    An input is an economic resource used in a firm’s production process.
    e.g., labour, capital, energy and raw materials
  • Costs in real estate, leasing or property taxes
  • Inflation
  • Interest rates and debt costs
    e.g., borrowing fees, interest payments
  • Difficulty acquiring inputs, products or supplies from within Canada
  • Difficulty acquiring inputs, products or supplies from abroad
  • Maintaining inventory levels
  • Insufficient demand for goods or services offered
  • Fluctuations in consumer demand
  • Attracting new or returning customers
  • Lack of financial resources
  • Technological limitations
  • Regulatory constraints
  • Cost of insurance
  • Transportation costs
  • Obtaining financing
  • Increasing competition 
  • Challenges related to exporting or selling goods and services to customers in other provinces or territories
  • Challenges related to exporting or selling goods and services outside of Canada
  • Maintaining sufficient cash flow or managing debt
  • Attracting local investment
  • Attracting foreign direct investment

  • Other obstacle

    • Specify other obstacle:

    OR

  • None of the above

Flow condition: If at least two obstacles are selected in Q5, go to Q6. Otherwise, go to Q7.
Display condition: Display in Q6 the obstacles selected in Q5.

6. Of the obstacles selected in the previous question, which obstacle is expected to be the most challenging over the next three months?

  • Shortage of labour force
  • Recruiting skilled employees
  • Retaining skilled employees
  • Shortage of space or equipment
  • Cost of inputs 
    An input is an economic resource used in a firm’s production process.
    e.g., labour, capital, energy and raw materials
  • Costs in real estate, leasing or property taxes
  • Inflation
  • Interest rates and debt costs
    e.g., borrowing fees, interest payments
  • Difficulty acquiring inputs, products or supplies from within Canada
  • Difficulty acquiring inputs, products or supplies from abroad
  • Maintaining inventory levels
  • Insufficient demand for goods or services offered
  • Fluctuations in consumer demand
  • Attracting new or returning customers
  • Lack of financial resources
  • Technological limitations
  • Regulatory constraints
  • Cost of insurance
  • Transportation costs
  • Obtaining financing
  • Increasing competition 
  • Challenges related to exporting or selling goods and services to customers in other provinces or territories
  • Challenges related to exporting or selling goods and services outside of Canada
  • Maintaining sufficient cash flow or managing debt
  • Attracting local investment
  • Attracting foreign direct investment
  • Other obstacle

Flow condition: If “Cost of inputs” is selected in Q5, go to Q7. Otherwise, go to Q8.

7. Over the next three months, which of the following costs of inputs are expected to be obstacles for this business or organization?

Select all that apply.

  • Cost of labour
  • Cost of capital
    e.g., land, real estate, machinery, or tools
  • Cost of energy
  • Cost of raw materials
    OR
  • Don’t know

Flow condition: If “Difficulty acquiring inputs, products or supplies from within Canada”, “Difficulty acquiring inputs, products or supplies from abroad”, or “Maintaining inventory levels” is selected in Q5, go to Q8. Otherwise, go to Q11.

Display condition: If “Difficulty acquiring inputs, products or supplies from within Canada”, “Difficulty acquiring inputs, products or supplies from abroad”, or “Maintaining inventory levels” is selected in Q5, display in Q8.

Supply chain challenges

8. How long does this business or organization expect the following to continue to be an obstacle?

  • Difficulty acquiring inputs, products or supplies from within Canada
    • Less than 3 months
    • 3 months to less than 6 months
    • 6 months to less than 12 months
    • 12 months or more
    • Don’t know
  • Difficulty acquiring inputs, products or supplies from abroad
    • Less than 3 months
    • 3 months to less than 6 months
    • 6 months to less than 12 months
    • 12 months or more
    • Don’t know
  • Maintaining inventory levels
    • Less than 3 months
    • 3 months to less than 6 months
    • 6 months to less than 12 months
    • 12 months or more
    • Don’t know

9. Over the last three months, how have supply chain challenges experienced by this business or organization changed?

Supply chain challenges include difficulty acquiring inputs, products or supplies from within Canada or abroad and difficulty maintaining inventory levels.

Exclude seasonal factors or conditions.

  • Supply chain challenges have worsened
    • Which of the following factors have contributed to these challenges?
      Select all that apply.
      • Increased prices of inputs, products or supplies
      • Increased delays in deliveries of inputs, products or supplies
      • Supply shortages resulted in fewer inputs, products or supplies being available
      • Supply shortages resulted in no inputs, products or supplies available

      • Other factor

        • Specify other factor:

        OR

      • Don’t know
  • Supply chain challenges have remained about the same
  • Supply chain challenges have improved

10. Over the next three months, how does this business or organization expect supply chain challenges to change?

Supply chain challenges include difficulty acquiring inputs, products or supplies from within Canada or abroad and difficulty maintaining inventory levels.
Exclude seasonal factors or conditions.

  • Supply chain challenges are expected to worsen
  • Supply chain challenges are expected to remain about the same
  • Supply chain challenges are expected to improve

Flow condition: If “Government agency” was selected in Q1, go to Q12. Otherwise, go to Q11.
Display condition: If “Non-profit organization” is selected in Q1, do not display “Transfer the business” or “Sell the business” in Q11.

Expectations for the next year

11. Over the next 12 months, does this business or organization plan to do any of the following?

Select all that apply.

  • Expand current location of this business or organization
  • Expand operations of this business or organization internationally
  • Expand operations of this business or organization into a new province or territory within Canada
  • Move operations of this business or organization to another location within the province or territory
  • Move operations of this business or organization to another province or territory within Canada entirely
  • Expand this business or organization to other locations within the same province or territory
  • Expand this business or organization without increasing physical space
    i.e., hiring more staff who will work remotely, or expanding online sales capacity
  • Restructure this business or organization
    Restructuring involves changing the financial, operational, legal or other structures of the business or organization to make it more efficient or more profitable.
  • Acquire other businesses, organizations or franchises
  • Invest in other businesses or organizations
  • Merge with other businesses or organizations
  • Reduce the physical space of this business or organization
  • Scale down operations of this business or organization to within a single province or territory within Canada
  • Transfer the business
  • Sell the business
    OR
  • Close the business or organization
    OR
  • Don’t know
    OR
  • None of the above

Flow condition: If “Export or sell goods outside of Canada” or “Export or sell services outside of Canada” was selected in Q3, go to Q12. Otherwise, go to Q13.

Trade

12. Over the last 12 months, approximately what percentage of this business’s or organization’s sales were made directly to clients or customers in the United States?

Provide your best estimate rounded to the nearest percentage.

Percentage of sales made directly to clients or customers in the United States:
OR
Don’t know

Flow condition: If “Import or buy goods from outside of Canada” or “Import or buy services from outside of Canada” was selected in Q3, go to Q13. Otherwise, go to Q14.

13. Over the last 12 months, approximately what percentage of this business’s or organization’s purchases were made directly from suppliers in the United States?

Provide your best estimate rounded to the nearest percentage.

Percentage of purchases made directly from suppliers in the United States:
OR
Don’t know

14. Over the next 12 months, what is the expected impact for each of the following on this business or organization?

If tariffs are not relevant to this business or organization, please select “No impact”.

  • U.S. tariffs on goods sold by businesses in Canada
    • Major negative impact
    • Minor negative impact
    • No impact
    • Minor positive impact
    • Major positive impact
    • Don’t know
  • Canadian tariffs on goods purchased from businesses in the U.S.
    • Major negative impact
    • Minor negative impact
    • No impact
    • Minor positive impact
    • Major positive impact
    • Don’t know
  • The elimination of trade barriers between provinces or territories
    • Major negative impact
    • Minor negative impact
    • No impact
    • Minor positive impact
    • Major positive impact
    • Don’t know

15. Over the next 12 months, does this business or organization plan to take any of the following actions as a result of any tariffs applied by the United States on goods sold from Canada?

Select all that apply.

  • Seek alternative customers outside the United States 
  • Seek alternative suppliers outside the United States 
  • Increase domestic sourcing
  • Increase efforts to sell to customers in Canada
  • Delay major investments or expenditures
  • Delay Canadian investment or expansion plans
  • Acquire or partner with United States-based businesses as a beachhead strategy
  • Explore trade-related financial tools
    e.g., currency hedging, insurance
  • Establish operations in the United States
  • Increase inventory or stockpile goods
  • Invest in technology improvements 
    e.g., technology adoption, automation
  • Lay off employees
  • Hire employees
  • Raise prices of goods or services
  • Lower prices of goods or services

  • Other action

    • Specify other action:

    OR

  • None of the above
    OR
  • Don’t know

Flow condition: If the percentage of sales made directly to clients or customers in the United States reported in Q12 was greater than 0, go to Q16. Otherwise, go to Q17.

16. Over the last 12 months, has this business or organization sold any goods to the United States that were subject to any tariffs?

  • Yes
  • No
  • Don’t know

Flow condition: If the percentage of purchases made directly from suppliers in the United States reported in Q13 was greater than 0, go to Q17. Otherwise, go to Q18.

17. Over the last 12 months, has this business or organization purchased any goods from the United States that were subject to any tariffs?

  • Yes
  • No
  • Don’t know

18. Over the last 12 months, has this business or organization passed on any increases in its costs due to tariffs to its customers?

Include both indirect cost increases and direct cost increases due to tariffs.

  • Yes
  • No
  • This business or organization has not experienced any cost increases due to tariffs
  • Don’t know

19. Over the next 12 months, how likely is this business or organization to pass on cost increases due to tariffs to its customers?

Include both indirect cost increases and direct cost increases due to tariffs.

  • Very likely
  • Somewhat likely
  • Somewhat unlikely
  • Very unlikely
  • This business or organization does not expect any cost increases due to tariffs
  • Don't know

Canadian goods and services

20. Over the last 12 months, has this business or organization changed its marketing practices to promote Canadian goods and services?

e.g., labeling products that are either “Canadian”, “Made in Canada” or are a “Product of Canada”

  • Yes
  • No
  • Don’t know

21. Over the last 12 months, has this business or organization experienced an increase in sales of Canadian goods and services?

e.g., products that are either “Canadian”, “Made in Canada” or are a “Product of Canada”

  • Yes
  • No
  • This business or organization did not sell any Canadian goods or services
  • Don’t know

Flow condition: If “Private sector business” was selected in Q1, go to Q22. Otherwise, go to Q29.

Business sale or transfer

22. Does the current owner or operator of this business intend to sell or transfer ownership of this business within the next 10 years?

  • Yes
    • When does the owner or operator of this business intend to sell or transfer ownership of this business?
      • Within the next 2 years
      • Within 3 to 5 years
      • Within 6 to 10 years
      • Don’t know
  • No
  • Don’t know

Flow condition: If “Yes” and then “Within the next 2 years” were selected in Q22, go to Q23. Otherwise, go to Q26.

23. Which of the following statements describe expectations related to the selling or transferring of this business?

Select all that apply.

  • There are likely to be qualified buyers for this business
  • A fair market price would be received for this business
  • There is sufficient time and resources to pursue a sale or transfer of this business
  • Professional or advisory support, such as a broker or accountant, would be consulted
  • Government programs or supports for facilitating a sale or transfer would be used
    e.g., Succession Ontario, Repreneuriat Quebec
    OR
  • None of the above
    OR
  • Don’t know

24. When considering the sale or transfer of this business, what is the level of importance for each of the following?

  • Finding a buyer in Canada
    • Very important
    • Somewhat important
    • Not important
    • Don’t know
  • Protecting employees
    • Very important
    • Somewhat important
    • Not important
    • Don’t know
  • Maintaining presence in the local community
    • Very important
    • Somewhat important
    • Not important
    • Don’t know
  • Obtaining the highest price
    • Very important
    • Somewhat important
    • Not important
    • Don’t know
  • Preserving the business’s culture or values
    • Very important
    • Somewhat important
    • Not important
    • Don’t know

25. If this business is unable to find a suitable buyer or successor, how likely are each of the following scenarios?

  • Continue operating under current ownership
    • Very likely
    • Somewhat likely
    • Somewhat unlikely
    • Very unlikely
    • Don’t know
  • Sell at a reduced value or under less favorable terms, including to a less preferred buyer
    • Very likely
    • Somewhat likely
    • Somewhat unlikely
    • Very unlikely
    • Don’t know
  • Scale down or close operations
    • Very likely
    • Somewhat likely
    • Somewhat unlikely
    • Very unlikely
    • Don’t know

Flow condition: If “Yes” was selected in Q22, go to Q26. Otherwise, go to Q28.

26. What is the primary source of this business’s value?

  • Ongoing operations
  • Real estate or physical assets

27. Has this business been profitable in each of the past three years?

  • Yes
  • No
  • Don’t know

Buyer demand

28. Over the last five years, has this business received any expressions of interest or offers to purchase, solicited or unsolicited?

  • Yes
    • From whom has this business received any expressions of interest or offers to purchase, solicited or unsolicited?
      Select all that apply.
      • Employees or management
      • An individual or family in Canada
      • A business in Canada
      • A private equity firm or investment fund in Canada
      • A foreign buyer

      • Other buyer

        • Specify other buyer:

        OR

      • Don’t know
  • No
  • Don’t know

Information theft

29. Over the last 12 months, has this business or organization experienced theft of sensitive business data such as intellectual property, business intelligence, or customer or employee data?

Theft of sensitive business data could include unauthorized access to systems or data; theft or attempted theft of intellectual property, trade secrets, or sensitive information; suspicious requests or engagements; or insider-related activity.

  • Yes
  • No
  • Don’t know

Flow condition: If “Yes” was selected in Q29, go to Q30. Otherwise, go to Q33.

30. Over the last 12 months, which of the following events has this business or organization experienced?

Select all that apply.

  • Unauthorized access to systems or data
    e.g., cyber intrusion, phishing
  • Theft or attempted theft of intellectual property, trade secrets, or sensitive information
  • Suspicious requests or engagements
    e.g., partnerships, clients, research collaboration
  • Insider-related event
    e.g., employee or contractor misuse of access

  • Other event

    • Specify other event:

    OR

  • Don’t know

31. What impacts did these events have on this business or organization?

Select all that apply.

  • Financial losses
    e.g., lost revenue, contracts, or market share
  • Increased cybersecurity or security-related costs
  • Loss of intellectual property or competitive advantage
  • Reputational damage or loss of customer trust
  • Operational disruption
    e.g., downtime, supply chain impacts
  • Reduced willingness to engage in international partnerships or investment

  • Other impact

    • Specify other impact:

    OR

  • No impact
    OR
  • Don’t know

32. As a result of these events, did this business or organization take any of the following actions?

Select all that apply.

  • Increased investment in cybersecurity or data protection
  • Restricted or reconsidered partnerships, investments, or clients
  • Enhanced employee screening, training, or monitoring
  • Limited sharing of sensitive information
  • Changed R&D, innovation, or commercialization strategies

  • Other action

    • Specify other action:

    OR

  • No actions were taken
    OR
  • Don’t know

33. How many measures has this business or organization implemented to protect its sensitive business data?

e.g., intellectual property, business intelligence, or customer or employee data

  • Several measures
  • Some measures
  • No measures

Artificial intelligence

34. Over the next 12 months, does this business or organization plan to use artificial intelligence (AI) in producing goods or delivering services?

e.g., machine learning, virtual agents, voice recognition

  • Yes
    • What type of AI applications is this business or organization planning to use in producing goods or delivering services?
      Select all that apply.
      • Machine learning
      • Natural language processing
      • Virtual agents or chat bots
      • Speech or voice recognition using AI
      • Recommendation systems based on AI
      • Large language models
        e.g., ChatGPT or Microsoft Copilot
      • Text analytics using AI
      • Data analytics using AI
      • Neural networks
      • Augmented reality
      • Decision making systems based on AI
      • Deep learning
      • Image or pattern recognition
      • Machine or computer vision
      • Robotics process automation
      • Biometrics
      • Marketing automation using AI

      • Other type

        • Specify other type:

        OR

      • Don’t know
  • No
    • Why does this business or organization not plan to use AI in producing goods or delivering services over the next 12 months?
      Select all that apply.
      • Too expensive
      • AI is not a mature enough technology yet
      • Lack of knowledge on the capabilities of AI
      • Concerns about privacy or security
      • Concerns about bias
      • Lack of skilled workforce
      • Lack of required data
      • Laws and regulations prevent or restrict use of AI
      • Previous or current use of AI did not meet expectations

      • Other reason

        • Specify other reason:

        OR

      • AI is not relevant to the goods produced or services delivered by this business or organization
        OR
      • Don’t know
  • Don’t know

Flow condition: If “Yes” was selected in Q34, go to Q35. Otherwise, go to Q37.

35. How does this business or organization expect AI to affect total employment?

  • Increase
  • Decrease
  • No change
  • Don’t know

36. Which of the following changes will this business or organization make when using AI to produce goods or deliver services?

Select all that apply.

  • Train current staff to use AI
  • Hire staff trained in AI
  • Purchase computing power or specialized equipment
  • Purchase cloud services or cloud storage
  • Change data collection or data management practices
  • Develop new workflows
  • Use vendors or consulting services to install or integrate AI

  • Other change

    • Specify other change:        

    OR

  • Don’t know
    OR
  • None of the above

Liquidity

37. Does this business or organization have the cash or liquid assets required to operate for the next three months?

  • Yes
  • No
    • Will this business or organization be able to acquire the cash or liquid assets required?
      • Yes
      • No
      • Don’t know
  • Don’t know

Debt

38. Over the next three months, does this business or organization plan to apply to a financial institution for a new line of credit, a new term loan, a new non-residential mortgage or refinancing of an existing non-residential mortgage?

Include commercial mortgages.
Exclude residential mortgages.

  • Yes
    • What are the intended uses of this funding?
      Select all that apply.
      • Refinancing of existing debt
      • Non-residential investments
        e.g., machinery, equipment, R&D
      • Current expenditure
      • Business expansion
      • Financing the acquisition of another business

      • Other use

        • Specify other use:

        OR

      • Don’t know
  • No
    • Does this business or organization have the ability to take on more debt? 
      Answer based on this business’s or organization’s ability, even if there are no plans to take on more debt.
      • Yes
      • No
        • For which of the following reasons is this business or organization unable to take on more debt?
          Select all that apply.
          • Cash flow
          • Lack of confidence or uncertainty in future sales
          • Request would be turned down
          • Too difficult or time consuming to apply
          • Interest rates are unfavourable
          • Payment terms are unfavourable
          • Credit rating

          • Other reason

            • Specify other reason:

            OR

          • Not applicable
            OR
          • Don’t know
      • Don’t know
  • Don’t know

Future outlook

39. Over the next 12 months, what is the future outlook for this business or organization?

  • Very optimistic
  • Somewhat optimistic
  • Somewhat pessimistic
  • Very pessimistic
  • Don’t know

Flow condition: If “Private sector business” was selected in Q1, go to Q40. Otherwise, go to “Contact Person”.

Ownership

(i) The following questions are included for statistical purposes in order to gain a better understanding of businesses owned by members of various communities across Canada.

40. What percentage of this business or organization is owned by each of the following groups?

Provide your best estimate rounded to the nearest percentage.
If the business or organization is not owned by anyone that falls under that group, please enter “0”.

What percentage of this business or organization is owned by women?

Percentage owned by women:
OR
Prefer not to say
OR
Don’t know

What percentage of this business or organization is owned by First Nations, Métis or Inuit peoples?

Percentage owned by First Nations, Métis or Inuit peoples:
OR
Prefer not to say
OR
Don’t know

What percentage of this business or organization is owned by immigrants to Canada?

Percentage owned by immigrants to Canada:
OR
Prefer not to say
OR
Don’t know

What percentage of this business or organization is owned by persons with a disability?

Include visible and non-visible disabilities.
Percentage owned by persons with a disability:
OR
Prefer not to say
OR
Don’t know

What percentage of this business or organization is owned by Two-Spirited, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer (2SLGBTQ+) people?

Percentage owned by 2SLGBTQ+ people:
OR
Prefer not to say
OR
Don’t know

What percentage of this business or organization is owned by persons aged 65 or older?

Percentage owned by persons aged 65 or older:
OR
Prefer not to say
OR
Don’t know

What percentage of this business or organization is owned by members of visible minorities?

A member of a visible minority in Canada may be defined as someone (other than an Indigenous person) who is non-white in colour or race, regardless of place of birth.
Percentage owned by members of visible minorities:
OR
Prefer not to say
OR
Don’t know

Flow condition: If more than 50% of this business or organization is owned by members of visible minorities, go to Q41. Otherwise, go to “Contact person”.

41. It was indicated that at least 51% of this business or organization is owned by members of visible minorities. Please select the categories that describe the owner or owners.

Select all that apply.

  • South Asian 
    e.g., East Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan
  • Chinese
  • Black
  • Filipino
  • Latin American
  • Arab
  • Southeast Asian 
    e.g., Vietnamese, Cambodian, Laotian, Thai
  • West Asian 
    e.g., Afghan, Iranian
  • Korean
  • Japanese
  • Other group
    • Specify other group:
  • OR
  • Prefer not to say

Farm Financial Survey – 2025

Getting Started

Why are we conducting this survey?

This survey is being conducted by Statistics Canada, on behalf of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada to monitor the financial situation of Canadian farms, and establish new policy.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Your participation in this survey is required under the authority of the Statistics Act.

Other important information

Authorization to collect this information

Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

Confidentiality

By law, Statistics Canada is prohibited from releasing any information it collects that could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent, or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes only.

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the response burden, Statistics Canada may combine the acquired data with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Data-sharing agreements

To reduce respondent burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data-sharing agreements with provincial and territorial statistical agencies and other government organizations, which have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes. Statistics Canada will only share data from this survey with those organizations that have demonstrated a requirement to use the data.

Section 11 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with provincial and territorial statistical agencies that meet certain conditions. These agencies must have the legislative authority to collect the same information, on a mandatory basis, and the legislation must provide substantially the same provisions for confidentiality and penalties for disclosure of confidential information as the Statistics Act. Because these agencies have the legal authority to compel businesses to provide the same information, consent is not requested and businesses may not object to the sharing of the data.

For this survey, there are Section 11 agreements with the provincial statistical agencies of Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia and the Yukon.
The shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province.

Section 12 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with federal, provincial or territorial government organizations. Under Section 12, you may refuse to share your information with any of these organizations by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician, specifying the organizations with which you do not want Statistics Canada to share your data and mailing it to the following address:

Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of Director, Agriculture Division
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0T6.

You may also contact us by email at infostats: infostats@statcan.gc.ca or by fax at 1-514-496-4879.

Other data-sharing agreement

For this survey, there are Section 12 agreements with the statistical agencies of Prince Edward Island, Northwest Territories and Nunavut, as well as with the ministère de l'Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de l'Alimentation du Québec, the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, the Manitoba Department of Agriculture and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.

For agreements with provincial and territorial government organizations, the shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Important features

To navigate the questionnaire

Use the Previous and Next buttons located at the bottom right of each page.

Do not use the navigation buttons at the top of your browser or the corresponding shortcut keys.

Question numbering

Question numbering will reset to 1 at the beginning of each new section. Based on your answers to certain questions, the questionnaire will automatically skip any questions or sub-questions that do not apply to your situation.

Session timeout

After two hours of inactivity, your session will time out. You will not be able to access any unsaved information.

To save your information

If you cannot complete the questionnaire in one session, you can save the information you have entered by pressing the Save and finish later button at the bottom left of any page on which you are asked to enter information. You can then resume your session at another time.

Please be advised that information from partially completed or unsaved questionnaires may be retained and used for statistical and research purposes.

Definitions and explanations

A help button is available for certain questions. Press this button for additional information or clarification.

Answering this questionnaire

For this questionnaire

Reporting instructions

Additional information that may be useful in the completion of this electronic questionnaire include the operation's 2025:

  • financial statements
  • tax files
  • AgriInvest Annual Statement of Account
  • AgriStability Calculation of Program Benefits Notice.

Also:

  • individual T1 and T4 tax forms
  • market value assessments of land and buildings from sources such as property tax assessments or local real estate listings.

Other information about this questionnaire

Additional information about this survey can be found by selecting the following link:

Farm Financial Survey (FFS)

Business or organization and contact information

1. Verify or provide the business or organization's legal and operating name and correct where needed.

Note: Legal name should only be modified to correct a spelling error or typo.

Note: Press the help button (?) for additional information.

Legal name

Operating name (if applicable)

2. Verify or provide the contact information for the designated contact person for the business or organization, and correct information if needed.

Note: The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire.

First name

Last name

Title

Preferred language of communication

Mailing address (number and street)

City

Province, territory or state

Postal code or ZIP (Zone Improvement Plan) code Example A9A 9A9 or 12345-1234

Country

Email address Example: user@example.gov.ca

Telephone number (including area code) Example: 123-123-1234

Extension number (if applicable)

Fax number (including area code) Example: 123-123-1234

3. Verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

  1. Operational
  2. Not currently operational
    e.g., temporarily or permanently closed, change of ownership

Why is this business or organization not currently operational?

  1. Seasonal operation
  2. Ceased operation
  3. Sold operations
  4. Amalgamated with other businesses or organizations
  5. Temporarily inactive but will re-open
  6. No longer operating due to other reasons

3a Seasonal operations

When did this business or organization close for the season?

Date:

Example: YYYY-MM-DD

When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?

Date:

Example: YYYY-MM-DD

3b Ceased operations

When did this business or organization cease operations?

Date:

Example: YYYY-MM-DD

Why did this business or organization cease operations?

  1. Bankruptcy
  2. Liquidation
  3. Dissolution
  4. Other
    Specify the other reasons why this operation ceased:

3c Sold operations

When was this business or organization sold?

Date:

Example: YYYY-MM-DD

What is the legal name of the buyer?

3d Amalgamated with other businesses or organizations

When did this business or organization amalgamate?

Date:

Example: YYYY-MM-DD

What is the legal name of the resulting or continuing business or organization?

What are the legal names of the other amalgamated businesses or organizations?

3e Temporarily inactive but will re-open

When did this business or organization become temporarily inactive?

Date:

Example: YYYY-MM-DD

When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?

Date:

Example: YYYY-MM-DD

Why is this business or organization temporarily inactive?

3f No longer operating due to other reasons

When did this operation or organization cease operations?

Date:

Example: YYYY-MM-DD

Why did this business or organization cease operations?

4. Verify or provide the current main activity of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

Note: The described activity was assigned using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

Note: Press the help button (?) for additional information, including a detailed description of the activity with example activities and any applicable exclusions.

Descriptions and examples

This is the current main activity

This is not the current main activity

Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's main activity e.g. breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development

5. You indicated that is not the current main activity

Was this business or organization's main activity ever classified as: ?

  • Yes
    When did the main activity change?
    Date
    Example: YYYY-MM-DD
  • No

6. Search and select the industry classification that best corresponds to the business or organization's main activity.

How to search:

  1. Filter the search results by first selecting the business or organization’s activity sector.
  2. Enter keywords or a brief description that best describe the business or organization’s main activity.
  3. Press the Search button to search the database for an industry activity classification that best matches the keywords or description you provided.
  4. Select an industry activity classification from the list.

Farm operating revenue and expenses

This is the start of a new module. Question numbering will reset to 1 in this section.
Note: The sequence of questions may vary depending on the responses provided. 

1. Are you an operator or a person normally authorized to provide tax data, such as revenues and expenses, to CRA for this operation?

  1. Yes
    What is your role in this operation?
    • One of the operators
    • Operator's spouse
    • Accountant
    • Other
  2. No

With your permission, Statistics Canada will share this operation's tax data on revenues and expenses only with Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada and your provincial Ministry of Agriculture, and will be used for statistical and research purposes only.

Statistics Canada does not share names, addresses or any other direct identifiers that could identify you or this operation.

If you do not grant us permission to share this information, you will be required to provide the revenues and expenses data later on in this questionnaire.

2. Do you give Statistics Canada permission to share this operation's tax data on revenues and expenses with Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada and your provincial Ministry of Agriculture?

  1. Yes
    Please provide your first and last names which will act as your electronic authorisation signature.
    Note: Statistics Canada will not share your name with external agencies.
    • Your first and last name
  2. No

Reporting period information

3. What is the end date of this operation's fiscal year?

If financial statements are not available for 2025, please use your best estimates throughout the survey.

Year

Month

Day

Characteristics of the operators and operation

4. On this operation's fiscal end date, how many operators 18 years of age and over, who participate in the business or financial decisions, were responsible for this operation?

An operation may have more than one operator but only one questionnaire is to be completed for each operation.

Exclude:

  • accountants, lawyers, crop advisors, veterinarians, herbicide consultants, etc.
  • hired labourers who work on the farm but are not responsible for management decisions
  • silent partners who own part of the farm assets but do not make management decisions.

Number of operators

5. What was the age of the oldest operator on fiscal year-end date?

Age

6. What was the gender of the oldest operator on fiscal year-end date?

  1. Male
  2. Female
  3. Gender diverse

7. What was the age of the youngest operator (minimum age of 18) on fiscal year-end date?

Age

8. What was the gender of the youngest operator (minimum age of 18) on fiscal year-end date?

  1. Male
  2. Female
  3. Gender diverse

9. As of fiscal year-end date, how many years has the most experienced operator on this operation managed a farm business?

Managing refers to controlling the decisions to produce and invest in a farm business. 

If you are the only operator, please enter your years of experience managing a farm.

Years managing a farm business

10. On fiscal year-end date, how many members were in the operator's family?

Please choose one operator (if there are more operators than just yourself), plus the operator's spouse or partner and all kids who live on the farm or whose address is still that of the farm.

Exclude operator's parents and siblings.

Number of people in operator's family

Legal operating arrangement

11. On fiscal year-end date, what was the legal operating arrangement of this operation?
Note: Press the help button (?) for additional information.

  1. Sole proprietorship
  2. Corporation (Corp.), Incorporated (Inc.), Limited (Ltd.) or Company (Co.) 
    What was the family's percent ownership of this operation?
  3. Partnership
    What was the family's percent ownership of this operation?
  4. Cooperative and communal operations
    e.g. Hutterite colonies even if they are incorporated
  5. Other legal operating arrangement
    e.g. joint venture, trust

Method of accounting

12. Which method of accounting does this operation use to report farm revenue and expenses?

  1. Cash
    Revenue (income) is reported for the fiscal period in which it is received. Expenses are reported for the fiscal period in which they are paid.
  2. Accrual
    Revenue (income) is reported for the fiscal period in which it is earned, no matter when it is received. Expenses are reported for the fiscal period in which they are incurred, whether or not they have been paid.
  3. Don't know

Major source of gross revenue

13. In 2025, which of the following was this operation's major source of gross revenue?

Major source of gross revenue usually accounts for more than 50% of total revenues.

  1. Crop production
    e.g., greenhouses, grains and oilseeds, potatoes, berries, vegetables, fruits, flowers, Christmas trees, vineyards, tobacco, maple syrup, combination crop farming, other crops
  2. Dairy cattle and milk production
    Exclude goat milk (see Sheep and goat farming), raising dairy herd replacement (see Beef cattle ranching and farming).
  3. Beef cattle ranching and farming, including feedlots
    Include animals owned by the operation, as well as custom and contract feeding.
  4. Hog and pig farming
    Include animals owned by the operation, as well as custom and contract feeding.
  5. Poultry and egg production
    Include eggs, chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, quails, pheasants, emus, ostriches, and guinea fowls.
  6. Sheep and goat farming
    Include sheep, goats and lamb for meat, feedlots, goat milk production, wool and mohair production.
  7. Other animal production
    e.g., bee-keeping and honey production, horses and other equine, rabbits and other fur animals, bison, venison, llamas, combination animal farming, other livestock 
  8. Other
    Specify other source of gross revenue

14. In 2025, which of the following was the main source of gross revenue for crops?

The main source of gross revenue within the crops group may be less than 50% of total revenues.

  1. Greenhouse
    e.g., vegetables, mushrooms, herbs, nursery and, or floriculture products grown under cover
  2. Nursery or floriculture products not grown under cover
    Include Christmas trees, flowers, mushrooms grown outdoors and sod operation.
  3. Grains and oilseeds
    e.g., wheat, oats, peas, beans, lentils, mustard, flaxseed, canola, grain corn, soybeans, forage seeds, mixed grains
  4. Potatoes
  5. Field vegetables and melons
    e.g., sweet corn and pumpkins
    Exclude greenhouse crops.
  6. Fruits
    Include tree fruits, berries, grapes, and vineyards.
  7. Miscellaneous
    e.g., tobacco, maple syrup, herbs and spices, bulbs, hay, alfalfa for hay, ginseng, sugar beets

15. In 2025, what was the major source of beef revenue?

  • Custom or contract fed cattle
  • Cattle owned by this operation

16. In 2025, which of the following was the main source of gross revenue for cattle owned by this operation?

The main source of gross revenue within the beef group may be less than 50% of total revenues.

  1. Cow-calf operation
    e.g., calves are sold quickly, usually by fall
  2. Cow-yearling operation
    e.g., calves kept over winter and sold to another operation or feedlot
  3. Cow-finish operation
    e.g., calves raised all year, and kept over for another winter, fattened following fall, and sold for slaughter
  4. Backgrounding and feeder operation
    e.g., cattle confined in paddocks, diet predominantly hay or silage with a little grain as a supplement
  5. Feedlot operation
    e.g., grain-fed to finished weight; include veal
  6. Other cattle owned
    e.g., raising of cattle for dairy herd replacements, raising beef cattle herd replacement, grazer operations, other cattle operations

17. In 2025, which of the following was the main source of gross revenue for custom or contract cattle?

The main source of gross revenue within the beef group may be less than 50% of total revenues.

  1. Custom grazer operation
    e.g., cattle are grazed on land operated by this operation
  2. Custom feeder operation
    e.g., this operation provides feed, receives a fee to feed cattle until they are ready to be finished in a feedlot
  3. Custom feedlot operation
    e.g., this operation provides feed, receives a fee for finishing animals; include veal
  4. Custom - other
  5. Contract feeder operation
    e.g., animals and feed provided by client, this operation paid a fee to feed cattle until they are ready to be finished in a feedlot
  6. Contract feedlot operation
    e.g., animals and feed provided by client, farm paid a fee to finish animals; include veal
  7. Contract - other
    e.g., a client provides animals and feed to this operation

18. In 2025, which of the following was the main source of gross revenue for hogs?

The main source of gross revenue within the hogs group may be less than 50% of total revenues.

  1. Feeder operation
  2. Farrowing operation
  3. Farrow to finishing operation
  4. Feeder to finishing operation
  5. Finishing operation
  6. Contract - farrowing operation
  7. Contract - feeder operation
  8. Contract - finishing operation
  9. Other

19. In 2025, which of the following was the main source of gross revenue for poultry?

The main source of gross revenue within the poultry group may be less than 50% of total revenues.

  1. Layers operation
    e.g., poultry are kept for egg production
  2. Roasters operation
    e.g., birds weighing about 3.2 kg (kilogram) live weight; sold for meat
  3. Broilers operation
    e.g., birds weighing about 1.7 to 2.2 kg (kilogram) live weight; sold for meat
  4. Hatchlings operation
    Include eggs for hatchling.
  5. Turkeys operation – all categories
  6. Starter pullets operation
    e.g., small chicks are raised until they are ready to lay eggs and then are sold to layer operations
  7. Contract – poultry
    e.g., animals and feed provided by a client and this operation paid a fee to raise the animals
  8. Other poultry
    e.g., geese, ducks, pheasants, quails, ostriches, emus, guinea fowls

Unit of measure

20. What unit of measure will be used to report land areas?

The unit of measure chosen here will be used in subsequent questions.

Acres

Hectares

Arpents

Land use

21. In 2025, did this operation own land (workable and non-workable)?

Include: 

  • Crown land and all land owned by this operation whether or not it is used for farming
  • all land owned whether or not some is used by other individuals or operations.

Exclude land owned by others even if used by this operation.

  1. Yes
    How many acres, hectares or arpents did this operation own in 2025?
  2. No

22. In 2025, was any of the land owned by this operation rented by others?

Include land rented, leased or used by other individuals or operations with or without written agreement or payment.

  1. Yes
    How many acres, hectares or arpents owned by this operation were rented by others in 2025?
  2. No

23. In 2025, did this operation rent any land owned by others?

Include land owned by other individuals or operations, rented, leased or used with or without a written agreement or payment.

  1. Yes
    How many acres, hectares or arpents owned by others were rented by this operation in 2025?
  2. No

24. In 2025, what was the total area of cropland operated by this farm business?

Include:

  • cropland rented or leased from others
  • tame hay, potatoes, field crops, tree fruits or nuts, berries or grapes, vegetables, seed, sod, greenhouse or nursery products, mushrooms, Christmas trees, fodder crops, etc.

Exclude:

  • cropland rented to others
  • summerfallow, improved and unimproved pasture, woodlands.

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

Total area of cropland operated

Cropland

25. In 2025, what was the estimated market value of a(n) acre, hectare or arpent of cropland?

Market value is the estimated price at which the land would sell for today.

26. In 2025, did this operation rent any cropland from others?

Exclude land rented for pasture.

  1. Yes
    What was the average rental price per acre, hectare or arpent for the cropland this operation rented, excluding buildings?
    Please provide your best estimate.
  2. No

Capital investments

27. In 2025, which of the following types of farm machinery and equipment did this operation purchase or lease?

Include new and used equipment.

Exclude short-term rentals and repairs and replacement parts (these are operating expenses).

Select all that apply.

  • Cars used in the farm business
    e.g., coupes, sedans, vans
  • Trucks used in the farm business
    e.g., pick-up trucks, semi-trailers, dump trucks
  • Other equipment used for transportation
    e.g., livestock trailers, equipment trailers, All-terrain vehicle (ATVs), snowmobiles
  • Grain drying equipment
  • Tractors of various types
    e.g., forklifts, Bobcats, payloaders
  • Harvesting machinery
    e.g., combines, corn pickers, forage harvesters, potato harvesters
  • Seeding equipment
    e.g., air seeders, seed drills, planters
  • Other machinery and equipment
    e.g., computers and communication materials, processing equipment, balers, manure and fertilizer spreaders
    OR
  • No investments in machinery or equipment made

28. In 2025, what was the amount of money invested for the following farm machinery and equipment (purchased or leased)?

Report the full purchase or lease price before trade-in or down payment.

Exclude:

  • monthly payments for purchased or leased machinery
  • repair and maintenance expenses.

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

Cars used in the farm business

  • a. New, purchased
  • b. New, leased
  • c. Used, purchased
  • d. Used, leased

Trucks used in the farm business

  • e. New, purchased
  • f. New, leased
  • g. Used, purchased
  • h. Used, leased 

Other equipment used for transportation

  • i. New, purchased
  • j. New, leased
  • k. Used, purchased
  • l. Used, leased

Grain drying equipment

  • m. New, purchased
  • n. New, leased
  • o. Used, purchased
  • p. Used, leased

Tractors of various types

  • q. New, purchased
  • r. New, leased
  • s. Used, purchased
  • t. Used, leased

Harvesting machinery

  • u. New, purchased
  • v. New, leased
  • w. Used, purchased
  • x. Used, leased

Seeding equipment

  • y. New, purchased
  • z. New, leased
  • aa. Used, purchased
  • ab. Used, leased 

Other machinery and equipment

  • ac. New, purchased
  • ad. New, leased
  • ae. Used, purchased
  • af. Used, leased

29. In 2025, did this operation invest any money in farm improvements or other assets?
Include:

  • farm real estate
  • construction and renovation
  • land improvements (including trees and shrubs)
  • barn equipment
  • breeding and replacement livestock
  • other assets purchased by the farm business, e.g., land and buildings other than farmland, stocks, bonds, Guaranteed Investment Certificate (GIC), co-op shares, etc.

Exclude:

  • repairs and replacement parts (these are operating expenses)
  • personal asset purchases.
  1. Yes
  2. No

30. In 2025, what was the amount of money invested for the following?

Exclude:

  • Goods and Services Tax (GST), Provincial Sales Tax (PST), Harmonized Sales Tax (HST), Quebec Sales Tax (QST)
  • repairs and replacement parts (these are operating expenses).
    Enter "0", if there is no value to report.
  • a. Farm real estate purchased
    Exclude quota (to be reported below in option "g").
  • b. Construction and renovation of building and other structures
    e.g., barns, feed storage, machine sheds, manure storage
  • c. Construction or renovation of farm houses
  • d. Barn equipment
    e.g., robot milkers
  • e. Land improvements
    e.g., shelterbelts, windbreaks, buffer strips or fences for waterway protection, irrigation, orchard planting, draining, clearing of land
    Exclude fees paid to consultants (which are considered operating expenses).
  • f. Breeding and replacement livestock intended to be on the farm for more than one year
    Include bulls, dairy cows, beef cows, boars, sows, bred gilts, rams, ewes, replacement lambs, goats for milk or hair.
    Exclude:
    • poultry
    • breeding feed, e.g., artificial insemination—to be reported as operating expenses.
  • g. Quota purchased separately from other assets
  • h. All other assets purchased by the farm business
    e.g., land and buildings other than farmland, stocks, bonds, co-op shares, GICs (Guaranteed Investment Certificate)
    Exclude Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) and other personal investments.
    Specify all other assets purchased by the farm business 

31. In 2025, how much money did this operation receive from government programs (both federal and provincial) to reduce the cost of any capital investment made to increase environmental performance, including energy efficiency?

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

Capital Sales

32. In 2025, did this operation sell or trade-in any of the following assets?

Select all that apply.

  • Farmland and farm buildings
    Exclude quota (to be reported in option "Quota sold separately from other assets").
  • Farm machinery and equipment (traded-in or sold outright)
    Include cars and trucks used in the farm business.
  • Quota sold separately from other assets
  • Breeding and replacement livestock
    Exclude culls for slaughter and poultry
  • All other farm assets sold
    e.g., land and buildings other than farmland and farm buildings owned by this operation, stocks, bonds, wheat pool or co-op shares
    Exclude RRSPs (Registered Retirement Savings Plan) and other personal assets sold
    OR
  • No sales of assets were made

33. In 2025, what was the selling price for the following?

Exclude GST (Goods and Services Tax), PST (Provincial Sales Tax), HST (Harmonized Sales Tax), and QST (Quebec Sales Tax).

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

  • a. Farmland and farm buildings
    Exclude quota (to be reported in option "c").
  • b. Farm machinery and equipment (traded-in or sold outright)
    Include cars and trucks used in the farm business.
  • c. Quota sold separately from other assets
  • d. Breeding and replacement livestock
    Exclude culls for slaughter and poultry.
  • e. All other farm assets sold
    e.g., land and buildings other than farmland and farm buildings owned by this operation, stocks, bonds, wheat pool or co-op shares
    Exclude RRSPs (Registered Retirement Savings Plan) and other personal assets sold.
    Specify all other farm assets sold 

Farm assets of this operation

34. In 2025, did this operation own any livestock?

Include all poultry, all livestock and other animals owned by this farm operation.

Exclude all contract poultry and livestock not owned by this operation.

  1. Yes
  2. No

35. What was the estimated market value of the following livestock and poultry of this operation on the fiscal year-end date?

Market value is the estimated price at which the assets would sell for today.

Exclude:

  • assets not from this operation
  • contract livestock
  • quota (to be reported in question 37c).

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

If precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimates

Market value of livestock and poultry assets

  • a. Breeding, replacement and other livestock not considered market livestock
    i.e., expected to be on the operation for more than one year
    Include all livestock and fur animals for breeding or replacement purposes, e.g., bred gilts, bison, boars, bulls, cows, ewes, fur animals, goats for milk or hair, heifers for replacement, honey bees, lambs for replacement, llamas, ostriches, race and riding horses, rams, sows.
  • b. Market livestock and poultry
    i.e., expected to be on the operation for less than one year
    Include all poultry (including layers and chicks), calves, culls, goats for meat, heifers for slaughter or feeding, lambs for slaughter, pigs (excluding boars and sows), steers, etc.

36. What was the estimated market value of the following short-term assets of this operation on the fiscal year-end date?

Market value is the estimated price at which the assets would sell for today.

Exclude: assets not from this operation

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

If precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimates.

Short-term farm assets (less than one year)

  • a. Accounts receivable
    i.e., the amount outstanding on the fiscal year-end date for crops or livestock previously sold, deferred grain tickets, program payments, custom work and taxes receivable
    Include only those monies that are to be received within 12 months of this operation's fiscal year-end date. 
  • b. Cash and short-term investments of this operation (less than one year)
    e.g., stocks, bonds, GICs (Guaranteed Investments Certificate) or co-op shares
    Exclude personal assets and AgriInvest balance.
  • c. Inventory—Supplies on hand (inputs) such as feed, fertilizer, fuel, seed, chemicals, etc.
    Include any crops which were harvested or purchased that are not destined for market and instead are to be used in the farm business, e.g., silage, straw, hay, grain. 
  • d. Stored inventory—Crops not yet sold
    Include all harvested and stored crops destined for market e.g., potatoes, grains and oilseeds, hay etc.
  • e. All other short-term farm assets
    Include prepaid expenses (for chemicals, feed, fertilizer, seed, soil, etc.), the short-term portion of notes receivable, value of unsold livestock products, e.g., eggs, milk, pelts.
    Specify all other short-term farm assets

37. What was the estimated market value of the following long-term assets of this operation on the fiscal year-end date?

Market value is the estimated price at which the assets would sell for today.

Exclude assets not from this operation

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

If precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimates.

Long-term farm assets (more than one year)

  • a. Market value of all farmland and buildings owned
    Include barns, farmhouses, all farmland owned, greenhouses, mushroom houses, grain bins, machine shops, silos, storage sheds, sugar bush, woodlots, farrowing houses, feeding and milking equipment.
    Exclude leased farmland and buildings and the value of quota. 
  • b. Market value of all machinery and equipment owned
    Include cars and trucks used for the farm business, combines, computers and office equipment, cultivators, feeding equipment, moveable irrigation equipment, small tools, tractors, etc.
    Exclude leased machinery.
  • c. Market value of quota
  • d. Long-term investments of this operation (one year or more)
    e.g., stocks, bonds, long-term mutual funds co-op shares, GICs (Guaranteed Investment Certificates) 
    Exclude RRSPs (Registered Retirement Savings Plan) and other personal assets and AgriInvest balance.
  • e. All other long-term farm assets
    Include:
    • grain condominiums
    • off-farm site warehouses
    • land and buildings (other than farmland and buildings of this operation reported above)
    • assets of a subsidiary company or shares of another operation
    • house owned by this operation (not owned personally by an operator)
    • the long-term portion of notes receivable
      Specify all other long-term farm assets

38. You have indicated owning farmland and buildings. What was the respective market value of each of the following assets on the fiscal year-end date? 

Market value is the estimated price at which the assets would sell for today. 

Exclude farmland and buildings not owned from this operation. 

Long-term farm assets (more than one year)

  • a. Market value of all farmland owned
    Include all farmland owned and woodlots.
  • b. Market value of all buildings owned
    Include barns, farmhouses, greenhouses, mushroom houses, grain bins, machine shops, silos, storage sheds, sugar shack, farrowing houses, feeding and milking equipment. 

Farm debt outstanding

39. On this operation's fiscal year-end date, did this operation have any long-term debts?

Long-term debts are liabilities your operation owes that are payable after more than one year past this operation's fiscal year-end date.

Include:

  • mortgages
  • outstanding loans
  • outstanding payments to suppliers
  • balance owing on operating lines of credit
  • money borrowed from family
  • money owed to government agencies or departments.

Exclude:

  • personal or other business debt not associated with this farming operation
  • leased machinery.
  1. Yes
  2. No

40. On this operation's fiscal year-end date, what was the amount of your operation's long-term debt to the following?

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

  • a. Banks, caisses populaires, credit unions, trust companies, treasury branches
  • b. Farm Credit Canada (FCC)
  • c. Machinery and supply companies or feed companies
    e.g., accounts payable, breeder-hatchery operation, heating fuel
  • d. Family members or private individuals
  • e. Provincial government agencies
    e.g., agriculture credit or lending agencies, farm loan boards
  • h. All other long-term farm debt
    e.g., long-term notes due
    Specify all other long-term farm debt

41. On this operation's fiscal year-end date, did this operation have any short-term debts?

Short-term debts are liabilities that need to be paid by your operation by a year after your fiscal year end date.

Short-term debt includes short-term portion of long-term debt.

Include:

  • short term portion of the mortgages
  • outstanding loans
  • outstanding payments to suppliers
  • balance owing on operating lines of credit
  • money borrowed from family
  • money owed to government agencies or departments.

Exclude:

  • personal or other business debt not associated with this farming operation
  • leased machinery.
  1. Yes
  2. No

42. On this operation's fiscal year-end date, what was the amount of your operation's short-term debt to the following?

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

  • a. Banks, caisses populaires, credit unions, trust companies, treasury branches or credit card debt 
    Include balance owing on credit cards and operating lines of credit; not the credit limit. 
  • b. Farm Credit Canada (FCC)
  • c. Advance Payments Program (APP)
  • d. Machinery and supply companies or feed companies
    e.g., accounts payable, breeder-hatchery operation, heating fuel
  • e. Family members or private individuals
  • f. Provincial government agencies
    e.g., agriculture credit or lending agencies, farm loan boards
  • g. All other short-term farm debt
    e.g., short-term notes due
    Specify all other short-term farm debt

43. The amount reported in provincial government agencies (Question 40e) may have been obtained through a financial institution, but guaranteed by the provincial government. Please confirm the lender.

  1. Bank, caisse populaire, credit union, trust company or treasury branch
  2. Provincial government

Custom or contract feeding

44. In 2025, did this operation custom or contract feed any livestock or poultry for others?

Custom or contract feeding is where livestock or poultry are fed and raised by the operation for somebody else.

Include custom or contract grazing.

Exclude animals owned by this operation.

  1. Yes
  2. No

45. In 2025, of this operation's total gross farm revenue, how much was from custom or contract feeding?

Include revenue received for the total number of livestock and poultry custom or contract fed or grazed for the whole year.

Exclude animals owned by this operation.

Enter "0" if there is no value to report.

46. Please indicate the types of livestock and poultry custom or contract fed in 2025.

Select all that apply.

  • a. Cattle
  • b. Hogs
  • c. Layers
  • d. Broilers or roasters
  • e. Turkeys
  • f. Horses
  • g. Other

47. Please indicate the total number of livestock and poultry custom or contract fed in 2025.

Include all cycles.

Exclude animals owned by the operation.

  • a. Cattle
  • b. Hogs
  • c. Layers 
  • d. Broilers or roasters
  • e. Turkeys
  • f. Horses
  • g. Other

Wages and salaries

48. In 2025, what was this operation's total expense for wages and salaries?

Include:

  • wages paid to farm operators
  • all employee benefits
  • wages paid to family members (including spouse and children)
  • room and board expenses
  • employer contributions for Worker's Compensation, Employment Insurance (EI), Canada Pension Plan (CPP) or Quebec Pension Plan (QPP).

Exclude dividends paid to shareholders.

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

49. Of the $X total wages and salaries, how much was paid to the following?

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

a. Family

If this operation has more than one operator, report for one operator and that operator's family.

Include:

  • wages and salaries paid to the operator's spouse or common-law partner and to their children residing in the same dwelling
  • employer contributions for Worker's Compensation, EI (Employment Insurance), CPP (Canada Pension Plan), QPP (Quebec Pension Plan).

Exclude wages and salaries paid to hired workers not in the family, family not residing in the same dwelling and any withdrawals from owner's equity.

b. Hired help

Include:

  • employer contributions for Worker's Compensation, EI (Employment Insurance), CPP (Canada Pension Plan), QPP (Quebec Pension Plan)
  • room and board expenses.

Exclude:

  • wages and salaries paid to operators and members of the operators' family
  • consultant expenses, e.g., lawyer, agronomist and all other technical expertise
  • accounting expenses
  • custom or contract workers
  • persons (shareholders) who only received dividends from this operation.

Farm operating revenue

50. In 2025, what was the total gross farm revenue (before expenses) of this operation?

Include:

  • revenues from custom and contract feeding reported previously
  • revenue from sales of breeding and replacement livestock
  • total program payments
  • the sale of agricultural products, custom and contract work
  • agri-tourism.

Exclude:

  • the sale of land and buildings, machinery, equipment, financial assets, and quota (capital gains)
  • the value of inventory adjustments
  • goods purchased for resale.

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

51. In 2025, of the $X total gross farm revenue, how much was from the following?

The following selected revenue items may not add to the amount reported in the previous question.

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

  • a. Sale of grains, oilseeds, pulse crops and forage seeds
  • b. Sale of horticulture products
    Include potatoes, fruits, vegetables, greenhouse products, nursery products, sod, mushrooms, Christmas trees, vineyard sales, hay, tobacco, maple syrup, herbs and spices, ginseng, sugar beets, flowers for drying, etc.
    Exclude products purchased for resale.
  • c. Sale of cattle
    Include breeding and replacement livestock.
  • d. Sale of pigs
    Include breeding and replacement livestock.
  • e. Sale of poultry
    Include eggs, chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, quails, pheasants, emus, ostriches, and guinea fowls.
  • f. Sale of milk, cream and other dairy products
    Exclude goat and sheep milk (to be reported in option "i").
  • g. Total amount received for program payments
    Include AgriInsurance (also known as provincial crop or production insurance), AgriStability, other direct program payments, rebates e.g., hail insurance, rebates on fuel and property tax, farm GST (Goods and Services Tax) or HST (Harmonized Sales Tax) refund, subsidies, Assurance stabilisation des revenus agricoles (ASRA), etc.
    Exclude AgriInvest.
  • h. Agricultural custom or contract work and machine rentals
    Exclude amounts for custom or contract feeding.
  • i. All other farm revenue
    e.g., honey, aquaculture, goat products, sheep products, other livestock, boarding, training and sale of horses, fur and wool, sales of wood, land rentals, patronage dividends, agri-tourism

Farm operating expenses

52. In 2025, what were the total farm operating expenses?

Include wages and salaries previously reported.

Exclude:

  • the purchase of capital assets (capital investments)
  • depreciation of capital assets (capital cost allowance)
  • amortization
  • the value of inventory adjustments.

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

53. In 2025, what were the farm operating expenses for the following?

The following selected expenses will not necessarily sum to the amount reported in the previous question.

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

  • a. Fertilizer and lime
  • b. Herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, etc.
  • c. Seed and plants
    Exclude materials purchased for resale.
  • d. Feed, supplements and hay
  • e. Fuel for machinery, trucks and automobiles
    Include only the farm business share of amounts paid.
  • f. Total interest paid on farm debt
    Exclude payments on the principal.
  • g. Land rentals
    Include money paid to shareholders.
  • h. Heating fuel
    Include only the farm business portion of amounts paid.
  • i. Electricity
    Include only the farm business portion of amounts paid.

Financial information for sources other than this operation

Important

The purpose of the following questions is to assess the reliance of farm operators on non-farm activities for income.

When answering these questions, please refer only to off-farm incomes that are not related to this operation.

54. In 2025, what was the family's income from the following sources?

Refer to the T1 and T4 forms of all members of the operator's family (if possible).

Note: Press the help button (?) for additional information, including the definition of family.

  • a. Employment Income from sources other than this operation (before deductions)
    See T1 lines 101 and 104.
  • b. Net self-employment income from sources other than this operation
    Include business (T1 line 135), professional (T1 line 137), commission (T1 line 139), and fishing (T1 line 143) income.
  • c. Investment Income from sources other than this operation
    Include interest and other investment income (T1 line 121), taxable capital gains (T1 line 127), dividends received (T1 lines 120 and 122), and net rental income from other real estate (T1 line 126).
  • d. Pensions
    Include CPP (Canada Pension Plan) or QPP (Quebec Pension Plan) (T1 line 114), Old Age Security (OAS) (T1 line 113), Retirement Income Fund (RIF's) (T1 line 115), RRSP (Registered Retirement Savings Plan) withdrawals (T1 line 129), and Registered Pension Plans (RPPs).
  • e. Other income from Government programs for families or individuals
    e.g., Canada Child Benefit, GST (Good and Services Tax) or HST (Harmonized Sales Tax) credits, Employment Insurance (EI) (T1 line 119), Working Income Tax Benefit
    Exclude any payments for farm programs.
  • f. Other net income not from this operation (after expenses)
    e.g., income from another farm operation or business not related to this operation, oil lease rights, wind turbines, solar panels

Risk management

55. Based on your experience over the last 5 years, how would you rate each of the following risks faced by this operation?

a. Weather

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important
  • Not Applicable

b. Crop insects, pests and diseases

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important
  • Not Applicable

c. Livestock diseases

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important
  • Not Applicable

d. Commodity prices

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important
  • Not Applicable

e. Input prices

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important
  • Not Applicable

f. Interest rates on loans

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important
  • Not Applicable

g. Border closures or access to markets

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important
  • Not Applicable

h. Exchange rate
Value of Canadian dollar

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important
  • Not Applicable

i. Government policies, programs and regulations

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important
  • Not Applicable

j. Labour

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important
  • Not Applicable

Government-funded risk management programs—AgriInvest

56. In 2025, did this operation participate in the AgriInvest program?

AgriInvest is a self-managed producer-government savings account that allows producers to set money aside which can be used to recover from small income shortfalls or to make investments to reduce on-farm risks.

Participant is defined as “The holder of an AgriInvest Account”.

  1. Yes
  2. No
  3. Not eligible

57. In 2025, did this operation deposit into or withdraw money from AgriInvest?

Please refer to this operation's 2025 AgriInvest Annual Statement of Account.

  1. Yes
  2. No

58. In 2025, what were this operation's total AgriInvest deposits?

Please refer to this operation's 2025 AgriInvest Annual Statement of Account.

Exclude government contributions.

59. In 2025, what were this operation's total AgriInvest withdrawals?

Please refer to this operation's 2025 AgriInvest Annual Statement of Account.

60. In 2025, what were the AgriInvest withdrawals used for?

Select all that apply.

  1. To address a revenue decline
    e.g., lost production or decreased prices
  2. To pay for farm input expenses
    e.g., seed, pesticides, fertilizer, feed, livestock purchases
  3. To cover general farm expenses
    e.g., salaries and wages, rent for land and equipment, insurance, farm share of utilities, marketing
  4. To make capital investments in the farm
    e.g., land, buildings, machinery, vehicles used in farming
  5. To cover machinery expenses
    e.g., fuel, repairs, licenses and insurance for machinery and motor vehicles
  6. To make payments on farm debt
    e.g., charges, interest and principal payments to a financial institution, to an input supplier
  7. Other non-farm uses
    e.g., travel, pay home mortgage or loans not related to farming, education, vehicles not related to farming
    Specify all other non-farm uses

61. What were the ending balances in this operation's AgriInvest account as of this operation's fiscal year-end date?

Please refer to this operation's 2025 AgriInvest Annual Statement of Account.

  1. Balance in Fund 1 (operator's deposits) 
  2. Balance in Fund 2 (government contributions)

62. In 2025, which of the following reasons describe why this operation did not participate in the AgriInvest program?

Select all that apply.

  1. Program benefits are too limited
  2. Use other tools or programs to manage risks
  3. Getting out of farming (or retiring)
  4. Did not see a benefit
  5. Lack of information
  6. Not eligible
  7. Other
    Specify other reasons

63. Based on your experience, how would you rate your level of satisfaction of the following characteristics of the Agrilnvest program?

a. Delivery

Administrators communicate effectively, respond to program changes in a timely way, are accurate in processing claims, etc.

  • Very satisfied
  • Somewhat satisfied
  • Somewhat dissatisfied
  • Very dissatisfied
  • Not Applicable

b. Timeliness
Time it takes to assess the eligible amount and to receive government contribution.

  • Very satisfied
  • Somewhat satisfied
  • Somewhat dissatisfied
  • Very dissatisfied
  • Not Applicable

c. Responsiveness
Effective in helping you recover small income losses or make on-farm investments.

  • Very satisfied
  • Somewhat satisfied
  • Somewhat dissatisfied
  • Very dissatisfied
  • Not Applicable

d. Predictability
Likelihood of payments and the dollar amount are predictable.

  • Very satisfied
  • Somewhat satisfied
  • Somewhat dissatisfied
  • Very dissatisfied
  • Not Applicable

Government-funded risk management programs—AgriStability

64. In which of the following years did this operation participate in AgriStability?

Participant is defined as “A producer that has paid the fee to confirm participation in the Program year.”

AgriStability provides support when you experience a large margin decline.

Select all that apply.

  • 2025
  • 2024
  • 2023
  • 2022
    OR
  • Did not participate
    OR
  • Not eligible

65. In 2025, which of the following reasons describe why this operation did not participate in the AgriStability program?

Select all that apply.

  1. Program is complex or our operation is too small (might require an accountant)
  2. Amount of program benefits is unpredictable
  3. Program fees are relatively high
  4. Use other tools or programs to manage risks
  5. Payments are not timely
  6. Getting out of farming (or retiring)
  7. Other
    Specify other reasons

66. Based on your experience, how would you rate your level of satisfaction of the following characteristics of the AgriStability program?

a. Delivery
Administrators communicate effectively, respond to program changes in a timely way, are accurate in processing claims, etc.

  • Very satisfied
  • Somewhat satisfied
  • Somewhat dissatisfied
  • Very dissatisfied
  • Not Applicable

b. Timeliness
Time it takes to assess the eligible amount and to receive government contribution.

  • Very satisfied
  • Somewhat satisfied
  • Somewhat dissatisfied
  • Very dissatisfied
  • Not Applicable

c. Responsiveness
Effective in helping you recover small income losses or make on-farm investments.

  • Very satisfied
  • Somewhat satisfied
  • Somewhat dissatisfied
  • Very dissatisfied
  • Not Applicable

d. Predictability
Likelihood of payments and the dollar amount are predictable.

  • Very satisfied
  • Somewhat satisfied
  • Somewhat dissatisfied
  • Very dissatisfied
  • Not Applicable

67. Do you intend to enroll in the 2026 AgriStability program?

  1. Yes
  2. No
    What are the reasons?
    Select all that apply.
    1. Amount of program benefits is unpredictable
    2. Program fees are relatively high
    3. Use other tools or programs to manage risks
    4. Payments are not timely
    5. Getting out of farming (or retiring)
    6. Other
      Specify other reasons

Government-funded risk management programs—AgriInsurance

68. In which of the following years did this operation participate in AgriInsurance (also known as provincial crop insurance or production insurance)?

AgriInsurance is a federal-provincial-producer cost-shared program that stabilizes a producer's income by minimizing the economic effects of production losses caused by natural hazards. AgriInsurance is a provincially delivered program.

Select all that apply.

  1. 2025
  2. 2024
  3. 2023
  4. 2022
    OR
  5. Did not participate
    OR
  6. Not eligible

69. In 2025, which of the following reasons describe why this operation did not participate in the AgriInsurance program?

Select all that apply.

  1. Production coverage options are not clear
  2. Commodity specific plans (including coverage levels) are inadequate or not available
  3. Program benefits are unpredictable
  4. Premium costs are too high
  5. Use other tools or programs to manage risks
  6. Payments are too infrequent
  7. Getting out of farming (or retiring)
  8. Other
    Specify other reasons

70. Based on your experience, how would you rate your level of satisfaction of the following characteristics of the AgriInsurance program?

a. Delivery
Administrators communicate effectively, respond to program changes in a timely way, are accurate in processing claims, etc.

  • Very satisfied
  • Somewhat satisfied
  • Somewhat dissatisfied
  • Very dissatisfied
  • Not Applicable

b. Timeliness
Time it takes to assess the eligible amount and to receive government contribution.

  • Very satisfied
  • Somewhat satisfied
  • Somewhat dissatisfied
  • Very dissatisfied
  • Not Applicable

c. Responsiveness
The effectiveness of the coverage in helping you recover from production losses.

  • Very satisfied
  • Somewhat satisfied
  • Somewhat dissatisfied
  • Very dissatisfied
  • Not Applicable

d. Predictability
Likelihood of payments and the dollar amount are predictable.

  • Very satisfied
  • Somewhat satisfied
  • Somewhat dissatisfied
  • Very dissatisfied
  • Not Applicable

Government-funded risk management programs—Advance Payments Program (APP)

71. Has this operation ever participated in the Advance Payments Program (APP)?

Advance Payments Program (APP) is a federal loan guarantee program which provides agricultural producers with easy access to low-interest cash advances.

  1. Yes
    How much was the last advance for this operation?
    • a. $100,000 or under
    • b. $100,001 to $200,000
    • c. $200,001 to $300,000
    • d. $300,001 to $400,000
    • e. $400,001 to $500,000
    • f. $500,001 to $1,000,000
      Why did this operation receive this amount?
      Select all that apply
      1. Only requested an interest-free advance
      2. Amount was required to meet cash-flow needs
      3. Not eligible to receive more
      4. Other
        Specify other reason
  2. No
  3. Not eligible

72. Why did this operation borrow money through the Advance Payments Program (APP)?

Select all that apply.

  1. To manage my inventory to maximize sales revenue
  2. Terms for APP loans (e.g., interest rates, repayment terms) are attractive compared to other financing options
  3. APP loans are effective in helping manage cash flow of my operation
  4. Other
    Specify other reasons

73. In 2025, did this operation participate in the Advance Payments Program (APP)?

  1. Yes
  2. No

74. Will this operation participate in the Advance Payments Program (APP) in coming years?

  1. Yes
  2. No
    What are the reasons? 
    Select all that apply
    • a. This operation has other means of managing cash flow
    • b. Other lenders have more beneficial terms or services
    • c. Don't know enough about the APP
    • d. The size of the loan doesn't reflect this operation's needs
    • e. Conditions for advances (e.g., repayment terms, interest rate) are not attractive
    • f. Other
      Specify other reasons
  3. Don't know

Private risk management strategies

75. In 2025, which of the following tools or programs did the operation use to manage business risks?

Select all that apply.

  1. Livestock Price Insurance (LPI)
  2. Maritime Livestock Price Insurance Pilot Program (MLPIPP)
  3. Futures Market Hedging or Options
  4. Private Insurance
    e.g., livestock mortality, hail insurance
  5. Canadian Agricultural Loans Act
  6. Price pooling tools
    e.g., grain pools; exclude supply-managed marketing boards
  7. Deliverables Insurance
    i.e., for non payment on delivery
  8. Production or marketing contracts with buyers, processors, seed companies, etc.
    Exclude supply-managed commodities, futures contracts and options.
    OR
  9. None of the above

Risk management

76. For your operation, how important are each of the following government-funded risk management programs in providing an effective means of managing business risk and disaster situations (caused by weather, low commodity prices, etc.) at your farm operation?

a. AgriInvest

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important
  • Not Applicable

b. AgriStability

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important
  • Not Applicable

c. AgriInsurance

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important
  • Not Applicable

d. Advance Payments Program (or Cash Advance Program)

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important
  • Not Applicable

77. For your operation, how important are each of the following strategies in providing an effective means of managing business risk and disaster situations (caused by weather, low commodity prices, etc.) at your farm operation?

a. Make use of market-based or private risk management tools (production or marketing contracts, hedging, options, private insurance)

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important
  • Not Applicable

b. Livestock Price Insurance (LPI)

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important
  • Not Applicable

c. Maritime Livestock Price Insurance Pilot Program (MLPIPP)

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important
  • Not Applicable

d. Diversification of farm production

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important
  • Not Applicable

e. Off-farm income or other income sources

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important
  • Not Applicable

f. Other

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important
  • Not Applicable

78. You've indicated there were other risk management tools or strategies providing effective means of managing business risk and disaster situations (caused by weather, low commodity prices, etc.) at your farm operation. What are these other risk management tools or strategies?

79. How has this operation's Business Risk Management (BRM) strategy shifted in the last five years?

BRM (Business Risk Management) programs include AgriInvest, AgriStability, AgriInsurance and the Advance Payments Program.

  1. No major shift
  2. Rely more on BRM programs than before
  3. Rely less on BRM programs and more on private risk management tools
  4. Rely less on both BRM programs and private risk management tools and more on on-farm mitigation strategies (e.g., diversification)

80. In recent years, how much of a role did Business Risk Management (BRM) programs play in this operation's investment decisions?

BRM (Business Risk Management) programs include AgriInvest, AgriStability, AgriInsurance and the Advance Payments Program.

  1. No role
  2. Minor role
  3. Moderate role
  4. Large role
  5. Very large role

On-farm innovation

The following questions will assist in improving policies and programs that foster innovation in the sector. Information on current practices will be very helpful.

Innovation means implementing a new or significantly improved product, practice or process on your farming operation. Innovations must be new to your operation but need not be new to the industry.

81. In the last three years, 2023 to 2025, did this operation implement any of the following new or significantly improved products or practices?

New or significantly improved product, practices or process means any innovation you've adopted to your operation. The innovation must be new to your operation, but not necessarily new to the industry.

a. Crop products
e.g., crop varieties, cultivars or hybrids

  1. Yes
  2. No

b. Livestock products
e.g., types or breeds raised

  1. Yes
  2. No

c. Production practices

For example:

  • feed management, animal housing, manure storage and treatment, livestock handling, grazing, biosecurity, other animal health and productivity practices
  • seeding or planting, rotations, fertilizer or manure application, pest management, irrigation, harvesting, crop storage, using Global Positioning System (GPS) technology, other soil, land or crop improvement practices
  • water management, organic farming, halal and other production practices
  • precision agriculture using sensors and drones, AI (artificial intelligence)-based pest detection, autonomous robots and unmanned machines (harvesting, weeding, spraying, etc), regenerative farming techniques
  1. Yes
  2. No

d. Approaches to marketing

e.g., types of contracts, futures, options, direct marketing, AI-powered market analysis tools, blockchain for supply chain transparency, digital platforms for direct-to-consumer sales

  1. Yes
  2. No

e. Business management practices

e.g., approaches to labour requirements, business ownership or partnerships, ways of acquiring inputs, new processing activities, farm management software with AI analytics, automated accounting systems, cloud-based inventory management

  1. Yes
  2. No

Best management practices

The questions in this section focus on hay field or pasture composition.

82. In 2025, did this operation maintain any hay fields or pastures?

  1. Yes
    How many acres, hectares or arpents of hay fields or pastures did you operate?
    Include hay fields or pastures rented from others.
    Exclude hay fields or pastures on farmland rented to others.
  2. No

83. In 2025, did any of your hay fields or pastures include the following legumes or quality forages?

Select all that apply.

  • Alfalfa
  • Tannin containing legumes
    e.g., sainfoin or cicer milkvetch
  • Quality forages
    e.g., timothy, fescues, meadow brome
    OR
  • None of the above

84. In 2025, how many acres, hectares or arpents of hay fields or pastures included legumes or quality forages?

Include hay fields or pastures rented from others.

Exclude hay fields or pastures rented to others.

85. The last time you seeded your hay field or pastureland, what was the cost per acre, hectare or arpent to include legumes or quality forages?

Include the cost of seed and seeding, labour and any other related costs.

  • Cost per acre, hectare or arpent in CAN$
    OR
  • Don't know

86. What is the most recent year in which this operation seeded legumes or quality forages in hay fields or pastures?

  • Year
    OR
  • Don't know
  • Never seeded or naturally occurring

87. In 2025, how important were each of the following reasons for including legumes or quality forages in hay fields or pastures?

a. Improved profitability

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important
  • Not Applicable

b. Improved cattle health and productivity

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important
  • Not Applicable

c. On-farm conservation
e.g., increase in biodiversity

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important
  • Not Applicable

d. Environmental benefits
e.g., reduction in greenhouse gases

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important
  • Not Applicable

e. Knowing other operations that had successfully included legumes or quality forages

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important
  • Not Applicable

f. Anticipated saving time or effort

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important
  • Not Applicable

g. This operation received technical assistance

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important
  • Not Applicable

h. This operation received financial assistance

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important
  • Not Applicable

i. Other reasons

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important
  • Not Applicable

88. Please specify the other reasons for including legumes or quality forages in hay fields or pastures.

89. In 2025, what were the main reasons that this operation did not include legumes or quality forages in hay fields or pastures.

Select all that apply.

  • Uncertainty about the economic benefits
  • Did not meet the conservation needs of this operation
  • Too much time or effort required to implement this practice
  • Insufficient financial assistance to cover the costs
  • Lack of technical assistance
  • This operation did not own the land
  • Other reasons
    • Specify the other reasons

Farm production losses

90. In 2025, did this operation produce fruits, vegetables, potatoes or mushrooms?

  1. Yes
  2. No

91. In 2025, did this operation experience any loss of fully grown fruits, vegetables, potatoes or mushrooms that were harvest-ready or that had already been harvested?

Exclude loss from product that was still growing.

  1. Yes
  2. No

92. In 2025, what were the causes of the losses of harvest-ready production that occurred on this farm?

Select all that apply.

  • Rejection due to quality standards
    How much did the rejection due to quality standards contribute to the losses of harvest-ready or harvested production for this operation?
  1. Contributed a lot
  2. Contributed a little
  • Inadequate labour capacity
    How much did inadequate labour capacity contribute to the losses of harvest-ready or harvested production for this operation?
  1. Contributed a lot
  2. Contributed a little
  • Equipment issues or breakdowns
    How much did equipment issues or breakdowns contribute to the losses of harvest-ready or harvested production for this operation?
  1. Contributed a lot
  2. Contributed a little
  • Inaccurate supply and demand forecasting, cancelled orders or contracts
    How much did inadequate forecasting or cancelled orders contribute to the losses of harvest-ready or harvested production for this operation?
  1. Contributed a lot
  2. Contributed a little
  • Inadequate storage
    How much did inadequate storage contribute to the losses of harvest-ready or harvested production for this operation?
  1. Contributed a lot
  2. Contributed a little
  • Transportation delays
    How much did transportation delays contribute to the losses of harvest-ready or harvested production for this operation?
  1. Contributed a lot
  2. Contributed a little
  • Price volatility made harvesting unaffordable
    How much did price volatility contribute to the losses of harvest-ready or harvested production for this operation?
  1. Contributed a lot
  2. Contributed a little
  • Overproduction—unable to sell all
    How much did overproduction contribute to the losses of harvest-ready or harvested production for this operation?
  1. Contributed a lot
  2. Contributed a little
  • Could not find a market
    How much did not finding a market contribute to the losses of harvest-ready or harvested production for this operation?
  1. Contributed a lot
  2. Contributed a little
  • Other reasons
    Specify the other reasons
    How much did these other reasons contribute to the losses of harvest-ready or harvested production for this operation?
  1. Contributed a lot
  2. Contributed a little

93. In 2025, which of the following practices did this operation have in place to manage any losses of harvest-ready or harvested production?

Select all that apply.

  • Donation or sharing with others
    e.g., food banks
  • Diversions to animal feed production
  • Diversion to energy production
    e.g., anaerobic digestion
  • Production of compost
  • Left in a pile to naturally decompose
  • Left in the field
  • Actively applied to the field
  • Disposal at landfill
  • Burnt or incinerated
  • Other practices
    Specify the other practices

94. In 2025, what was the estimated cost associated with the disposal of losses of harvest-ready or harvested production?

Include haulage, tipping fees and other disposal costs.

Direct sales to retailers

95. In 2025, did this operation sell any products directly to retailers?

A retailer is an operation that sells directly to customers. Exclude wholesalers, cooperatives and sales directly to customers.

  1. Yes
    Did this operation encounter any of the following challenges?
    Select all that apply.
    • Lack of transparency in the application of retail fees
    • Unpredictable payment terms
    • Difficult price negotiation
    • Changes to previously agreed upon terms or conditions
    • Meeting volume requirements
    • Other challenges
      Specify the other challenges
  2. No

On-farm innovation

96. In the last three years, 2023 to 2025, how important were the following activities when deciding to try something new on this operation?

a. Obtaining advice and information from fellow farmers based on their experiences

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important

b. Attending demonstration farms and field days to observe the innovation implemented

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important

c. Attending workshops, seminars, meetings or conferences

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important

d. Obtaining information from input companies
e.g., seed and feed dealers

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important

e. Seeking information from independent consultants

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important

f. Seeking information from regional specialists or extension officers

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important

g. Reading detailed technical and financial information
e.g., on line research

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important

h. Relying on own experience

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important

i. Participating in producer associations

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important

97. In the last three years, from 2023 to 2025, how important were the following factors when deciding to try something new on this operation?

a. Cost reduction or increase in production

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important

b. Increase in value of product
e.g., due to superior quality or attributes or novelty of the product

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important

c. Environmental benefits

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important

d. Benefits for work and family balance

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important

e. Level of financial risk of the innovation compared to current practice

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important

f. Access to financial resources to implement the innovation
e.g., loans, venture capital or other financing

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important

g. Availability of information to assess the value of the innovation for your operation

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important

h. Technical expertise to implement the innovation

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important

i. Operator’s time required to implement the innovation

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important

j. Labour requirement

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important

k. Worker safety

  • Very important
  • Important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important

98. When it comes to the introduction of new or significantly improved products, processes or practices, does this operation tend to:

  1. be among the first to try something new
  2. wait until at least a few others have tried it first
  3. wait until it has been well tested
  4. be among the last to try something new

Local Food

99. In 2025, did this operation sell any food products locally?

Include direct-to-consumer, local independent or chain retailers, local independent or chain restaurants, food trucks, caterers, meal kits and local institutions. 

Exclude:

  • sales to local processors, manufacturers and wholesalers
  • charitable donations, animal feed and food produced by other farms. 
  1. Yes
  2. No

100. In 2025, approximately what percentage of your operation’s total sales came from local market channels?

For local market channels include direct-to-consumer, local independent or chain retailers, local independent or chain restaurants, food trucks, caterers, meal kits and local institutions.

Exclude:

  • sales to local processors, manufacturers and wholesalers
  • charitable donations, animal feed and food produced by other farms. 

Percentage of total sales

If less than 1%, please enter 1%

101. Thinking only about your operation’s local food sales in 2025, what percentage came from the following local market channels?

Exclude:

  • sales to local processors, manufacturers and wholesalers
  • charitable donations, animal feed and food produced by other farms. 
  1. Direct-to-consumer
    e.g., online, kiosks, U-pick, farmers’ markets, community supported agriculture baskets
  2. Local independent or chain retailers
    e.g., grocery, mass merchandisers, bakeries
  3. Local independent or chain restaurants, food trucks, caterers or meal kits
  4. Local institutions
    e.g., hospitals, schools
  5. Other
    Specify other local market channel

Changes or events

102. Indicate any changes or events that affected the reported values for this business or organization compared with the last reporting period.

Select all that apply.

  1. Price changes in goods or services sold
  2. Price changes in labour or raw materials
  3. Natural disaster
  4. Weather—early or late start to spring or winter
  5. Other
    Specify the other change or event
    OR
  6. No changes or events

Contact person

103. Statistics Canada may need to contact the person who completed this questionnaire for further information.

Is the respondent the best person to contact?

  1. Yes
  2. No
    Who is the best person to contact about this questionnaire?
    • a. First name
    • b. Last name
    • c. Title
    • d. Email address
      Example: user@example.gov.ca
    • e. Telephone number (including area code)
      Example: 123-123-1234
    • f. Extension number (if applicable)
    • g. Fax number (including area code)
      Example: 123-123-1234

Feedback

104. How long did it take to complete this questionnaire?

Include the time spent gathering the necessary information.

105. Do you have any comments about this questionnaire?

200 characters available

Wholesale Trade Survey (monthly): CVs for total sales by geography - April 2026

Wholesale Trade Survey (monthly): CVs for total sales by geography - April 2026
GeographyMonth
202504202505202506202507202508202509202510202511202512202601202602202603202604
percentage
Canada1.20.90.40.40.40.50.50.50.50.50.50.40.4
Newfoundland and Labrador1.80.30.30.30.30.30.70.30.41.10.30.40.7
Prince Edward Island0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
Nova Scotia7.110.72.82.81.61.21.14.81.41.62.21.92.3
New Brunswick4.31.51.00.81.00.70.71.40.50.80.50.91.9
Quebec4.33.11.31.81.32.01.71.92.01.82.21.41.7
Ontario2.31.60.70.80.80.91.00.90.91.01.00.90.9
Manitoba1.31.20.80.81.10.40.30.80.40.60.40.50.4
Saskatchewan1.60.50.40.90.61.00.30.20.50.60.20.40.7
Alberta0.60.70.40.50.50.50.50.40.70.60.40.30.2
British Columbia1.82.20.81.11.61.82.71.81.41.71.51.11.1
Yukon Territory0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
Northwest Territories0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
Nunavut0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
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