Report and Draft Recommendations: Engagement on Corrections Disaggregated Data and Analysis Strategy

Report and Draft Recommendations: Engagement on Corrections Disaggregated Data and Analysis Strategy (PDF, 866 KB)

Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics (CCJCSS)

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Over the years, there have been increasing demands for better disaggregated data to shed light on people's diverse experiences with the police and the justice system. Disaggregated data can help to identify and respond to issues of social inequities, discrimination, and systemic racism within Canadian society. Concerns for the disparate treatment of Indigenous and racialized peoples in the Canadian criminal justice system revealed important gaps in the availability of disaggregated data. This situation is especially true for information on the identity of people who encounter police for various reasons, including criminal incidents.

In response to these growing demands, Statistics Canada is in the process of developing a Corrections Disaggregated Data and Analysis Strategy on the Representation of Indigenous and Racialized Groups in Canada's Correctional Systems. This strategy aims to better understand the experiences of Indigenous and racialized groups in terms of their interactions and involvement with correctional systems and with the criminal justice system more generally. Prior to starting development of the strategy, the Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics (CCJCSS) engaged numerous partners of interest, including Indigenous and racialized community groups and organizations, and sought input through the Engagement on Corrections Representation Data & Analysis Strategy. This report provides the background and key results of the Engagement, including seven key recommendations.

Recommendation 1
Statistics Canada should develop population-based indicators and re-contact indicators using disaggregated data to measure representation of sub-populations in correctional systems;

Recommendation 2
Statistics Canada should disaggregate its correctional services data as much as possible;

Recommendation 3
Relationships between socio-economic and mental health issues and over-representation should be analyzed further;

Recommendation 4
Statistics Canada should engage in data quality evaluations of the disaggregated data information collected;

Recommendation 5
Statistics Canada should include appropriate context as part of the data analysis process, and work closely with affected populations when publishing disaggregated data;

Recommendation 6
Statistics Canada should review options for dissemination to enhance data accessibility and use; and

Recommendation 7
Statistics Canada should regularly review its definitions, terminology and categorizations in order to ensure that the language used is appropriate and culturally-sensitive.

Background

Through CCJCSS, Statistics Canada has a long history of publishing data on Indigenous persons in corrections. Most of the reporting to date has focused on presenting the number of admissions (with breakdowns by custody/community and adult/youth) for a given fiscal year by Indigenous identity. Data on Indigenous identity by admission is available back to 1997/1998 for youth and 2000/2001 for adult corrections.

The CCJCSS is currently in the process of developing a Corrections Disaggregated Data and Analysis Strategy: Representation of Indigenous and Racialized Groups in Canada's Correctional Systems (for ease of reference, referred to hereafter as: The Corrections Representation Data & Analysis Strategy).

The Engagement on Corrections Representation Data & Analysis Strategy sought input from partners and data users outside of Statistics Canada to guide the development of its statistical program. Our goal is to provide our partner organizations and the public at large with up-to-date disaggregated data and information pertaining to correctional services in Canada. The Engagementinvolved respondents from a wide and diverse range of perspectives, including: Indigenous and racialized groups and organizations; corrections agencies; academics; and other interested parties at the national and provincial/territorial government levels. Feedback was sought on the following:

  • Current key indicators produced by Statistics Canada related to Indigenous peoples' over-representation in corrections, and ways in which the indicators and analysis can be improved to be more relevant to data users and the public;
  • In addition to the historical focus at Statistics Canada on Indigenous peoples' involvement in correctional systems, explore the importance of expanding the national corrections statistical program to collect, analyze and produce indicators that provide relevant and timely information for Black, Hispanic, South Asian, East and Southeast Asian and other racialized groups;
  • Important contextual information to consider and present when disseminating disaggregated data; and
  • Assessments of data quality.

Feedback was obtained in two ways: (1) from written responses to an engagement document; and (2) from participation in small-group discussions led by Statistics Canada.

Methods

Engagement Document

The written engagement document, both in French and English, was sent to 322 partners and community organizations on November 6, 2021. The original deadline was extended from November 26, 2021 to December 24, 2021. As of December 31, 2021, 33 responses were received and analyzed. Respondents were asked to answer 16 questions in the written document which consisted of a combination of yes/no questions, Likert scales, and open-ended questions.

Small Group Discussions

Due to the impact of the on-going COVID-19 pandemic, small group discussions were held virtually between November and December 2021. Small group discussions for the Canadian Correctional Statistics Survey (CCSS) were conducted in tandem with the Uniform Crime Reporting Survey (UCR) for a total of 41 participants. There were 25 participants who joined the CCSS-specific small group discussions; they were invited to attend a session based on their organization affiliation:

  • Indigenous groups and organizations;
  • Racialized groups and organizations;
  • Correctional services agencies;
  • Academics; and
  • Other interested parties at the national and provincial/territorial government levels.

The discussions were held in both French and English, and were facilitated by a neutral, third-party moderator from Statistics Canada's Internal Engagement team. For each session, the moderator posed the same 12 questions in the same order. These questions were derived directly from the written engagement document and were shortened to be more 'interview-friendly'. Moreover, the moderator encouraged further discussion among the participants and at times would offer prompts such as "How do you see this being useful?" to help move the conversation along and to gain more insight into a particular answer.

Response Rates

Engagement Document

Thirty-three (33) written document responses were received for an overall response rate of 10.3%. The breakdown was as follows:

  • Federal Partners / Stakeholders: 33.3%
  • Criminal Justice: 27.3%
  • Correctional Services Programs: 15.2%
  • Ethno-Cultural Groups / Organizations: 6.1%
  • Indigenous Representative Bodies: 6.1%
  • Other Partners / Stakeholders: 12.2%

Please note that the total sum of the individual percentages above does not add up to 100.0% due to rounding.

The low total response rate can be attributed, at least in part, to response and respondent burden. For instance, some respondents had indicated that they found the engagement document too long and parts of it too complex.

In the coming months, there will be additional opportunities for comments and engagement with partners and stakeholders as Statistics Canada, through CCJCSS, develops its five-year Corrections Representation Data & Analysis Strategy.

Small Group Discussions

Of the 25 individuals participating in the CCSS-specific virtual small group discussions, the majority (32.0%) represented organizations from the Federal Partners / Stakeholders category.

Recommendations

Recommendation 1

Statistics Canada should develop population-based indicators and re-contact indicators using disaggregated data to measure representation of sub-populations in correctional systems

Current Measures of Over-Representation

Recent studies and reports, as well as those going back decades, have highlighted and drawn attention to how the experiences of First Nations peoples, Métis and Inuit and other racialized groups and populations in the Canadian criminal justice system have been marked by over-representation and inequitable treatment. First Nations peoples, Métis and Inuit, for instance, have long and unique social, cultural and political histories in Canada. Most notably, the history of colonialism – including residential schools and culturally insensitive and inaccessible programs – and settler colonial policies continue to seriously impact Indigenous people and communities to this day. As a result, Indigenous peoples have experienced and continue to experience social, economic and institutional marginalization, and also various forms of inter-generational trauma.

Statistics Canada currently measures over-representation by proportion of admissions, where the individual self-identifies as Indigenous. Admissions are counted each time a person begins any new legal status while being supervised in a correctional institution. This means that the same person may be included several times in the admission counts where they move from one correctional program to another (e.g., person initially enters corrections on a remand status then to sentenced custody later in the same involvement – this scenario would count as two admissions, one for remand and one for sentenced custody) or re-enter the system later in the same year. Admissions therefore represent the number of all entries during a fiscal year to each type of legal status (remand, sentenced custody or a community supervision program), and track correctional events more than persons supervised by the system.

Proposed New Indicators

Population-based Measures (Incarceration Rates and Custodial Involvement Rates)

Statistics Canada is exploring developing population-based measures that would present involvement in the correctional system as a rate or percentage of the overall target population as our main indicator of representation. Population-based measures present involvement in the correctional system as a rate or percentage of the overall target population as the main indicator of representation. This includes taking into account incarceration rate and custodial involvement rate indicators.

Incarceration rate measures the proportion of a population in custody on an average day in the year. It is calculated by taking the Average Daily Count (ADC) of the correctional population then dividing it by the general population estimate for that same year. For the CCSS, the rate is expressed as the number of incarcerated persons per 10,000 population. For example, a rate of 100 for Canada means that, on an average day in the year, 1% of the population in Canada was incarcerated. With the CCSS, ADC is now available by Indigenous and racialized groups, allowing Statistics Canada to produce both Indigenous and Non-Indigenous incarceration rate for the population as a whole, or apply intersectionality to the rates (e.g., limit to adult males, adult females, youth between the ages of 12 to 17, etc.). Over-representation (for Indigenous persons for example) would be measured by the relative difference between the Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Incarceration Rates.

Custodial involvement rate measures the proportion of a specific populations experiencing custody over a reference period. The measure identifies the number of unique persons spending at least one day in custody during the reference period for a defined population (Indigenous, Black, young males, etc.), then calculates the percentage of the population experiencing incarceration. Individuals are counted equally, whether or not they spent one night in custody or the whole year.

Over-Representation Index (of Indigenous Populations)

Studies have shown that being young and male are risk factors for involvement in crime. The Over-representation Index would account for differences in age and sex profile of different populations when calculating rates of incarceration. The Over-representation Index recalculates the relative difference between Indigenous and non-Indigenous rates, as if both populations have an age/sex profile identical to the national population distribution. For instance, for a province or territory where the Indigenous population is younger or proportionally more male, there could be a lower score on the Over-representation Index than the actual relative differences between the Indigenous and non-Indigenous Incarceration Rates. Likewise, over time, as population profiles change for a province or territory, the Over-representation Index controls for these changes, reducing the impact demographic shifts may have on the over-representation measurement.

While our initial work on the Over-representation Index has been limited to measuring Over-representation in Indigenous populations, the concepts developed can be applied to other populations, such as Black people in Canada, as well as applying intersectionality.

Re-contact Indicator

Re-contact refers to a measure of return to the justice system after initial release. The re-contact indicator is complicated, with a number of different elements: (1) The reference event is the starting point from which re-contact for an individual is assessed (i.e. when the "clock" starts); (2) Follow-up period: Length of time over which an offender is observed (e.g. 2 years from reference event); (3) Re-contact Event: The re-contact event is defined as the occurrence and start date of any new legal hold status occurring after the reference event and within the follow-up period. There are three metrics associated with the definition of re-contact, listed below:

  • Prevalence (size of the issue): number/proportion of offenders with a re-contact event within the follow-up period?
  • Frequency (how active): how many re-contacts did individuals have during the follow up period (e.g., are most re-contacts due to a small group with a large number of recontacts?)
  • Elapsed time (time to re-contact): how much time passed between the reference event and a re-contact event?

Statistics Canada is currently working with Public Safety on the Pan-Canadian Re-contact Strategy. The strategy aims to continue work on the re-contact indicators, with an initial focus on persons re-contacting the justice system after going through corrections. Statistics Canada is currently reviewing the re-contact definitions and is evaluating adding an escalation metric (indicator of whether the severity of offences associated with re-contacts are increasing or decreasing).

What we heard

Current Measures

Four in ten (42%) of the written document respondents and 52% of the small group discussion participants indicated that observing the rate of admission is useful for measuring the over-representation of incarcerated Indigenous and racialized groups. However, there are concerns surrounding how this method can lead to multiple counts of one individual and therefore, can impact the accuracy and quality of the data. As such, an alternative method was suggested by the majority of respondents: measure over-representation via daily count to avoid the risk of double-counts of re-admission. This would also paint a more accurate picture of the situation inside the correctional facilities.

There is a strong consensus among the Engagement participants that there is an immediate need to develop an official definition for over-representation, and to also implement a national, standardized Over-Representation Index to be used across all correctional systems.

Population-based Measures

Seven in ten (70%) of the written document respondents and 80% of the small group discussion participants have indicated that developing population-based measures would be useful to meet their data needs. There is an overall consensus among all the participants in the Engagement project that population-based measures would help advance our knowledge because it would allow researchers to draw comparisons across provinces and territories. Moreover, this measure would be beneficial to design culturally appropriate programs and to engage with communities in a meaningful way.

Over-Representation Index

Eight in ten (82%) of the written document respondents and 84% of the small group discussion participants have indicated that, in general, the Over-Representation Index would be a very useful measure. More specifically, 70% of the written document respondents also indicated that it would be especially useful to present a national indicator of over-representation by integrating CSC (Correctional Service of Canada) and Provincial/Territorial results (see Figure 1 below).

Percent of written document respondents who found population-based indicators useful for measuring and analyzing over-representation of vulnerable populations
Description for Figure 1: Percentage of respondents finding indicator very useful for measuring and analysing over-representation of vulnerable populations
Percentage of respondents finding indicator very useful for measuring and analysing over-representation of vulnerable populations
  Percentage (%)
Proportion of admissions 48.48
Population/rate based indicators 72.72
Over-representation index 87.88
Recontact indicators 90.91

Re-contact Indicators

Almost nine in ten (88%) of the written document respondents agree that it would be useful to them and their organization to enhance current re-contact indicators. This would include an initial emphasis on correctional data by identifying criminal justice system re-contacts after release from correctional services. The strategy would produce rates of re-contact for the overall correctional population and disaggregate into groups. Similarly, 84% of the small group discussion participants agree that disaggregating rates of re-contact for the overall population would be useful. Furthermore, 32% of the participants have suggested that greater level of detail needs to be included within the re-contact indictor, such as reason for re-contact, quantity of re-contacts, length of stay, and type of offence.

Measures of Over-Representation Used by STC (Statistics Canada) Partners

Almost nine in then (89%) of the written document respondents have indicated that their organization collects and analyzes data on over-representation. 56% of the small group discussion participants collect their own data on over-representation while 44% of participants work with the data collected by Statistics Canada. Furthermore, the majority of participants from both the written document (66%) and the small group discussions (68%) have indicated that they do not have an official, standardized method of measuring and evaluating over-representation. Four in ten (42%) of the written document respondents and 40% of the small group discussion participants measure over-representation by comparing the proportion of the Canadian population to the number of incarcerated individuals. On the other hand, some respondents have indicated that they do have a method of measuring over-representation through the use of several indicators, such as through admission rate, observing the proportion of Indigenous and racialized prisoners, evaluating proportion of dangerous prisoners, and understanding mental health needs.

Recommendation 2

Statistics Canada should disaggregate its correctional services data as much as possible

Overall consensus
The present data on racialized identity is too general and does not accurately represent the cultural diversity that exists within Indigenous peoples and racialized groups

In addition to understanding the incarceration experiences of Indigenous people, Statistics Canada seeks to expand its program to also collect and analyze racialized identity. Respondents were asked several questions on the collection, assessment, and presentation of corrections data for Indigenous and racialized groups. The responses varied when respondents addressed issues facing racialized groups and Indigenous peoples.

Results drawn from current data cannot be used to draw conclusions about the larger population and should only be strictly applied to those in the dataset. Therefore, Statistics Canada needs to develop a strategy to disaggregate the data as much as possible so that the correctional population can be accurately represented.

Disaggregated data for Racialized groups

The findings from the Engagement suggest that there is a strong need to disaggregate race data as much as possible. Racialize identity and ethnicity are often conflated with one another, but they are separate. "Race" is a social construct and does not have any biological basis; it is ascribed to individuals based on their physical characteristics (e.g., skin colour). Ethnicity, on the other hand, encompasses everything from language, to nationality, to religion, and culture. As such, an individual can have multiple/mixed racial identities and ethnicities.

Fifty-two (52%) of the written document respondents indicate race data should be disseminated to include ethnic origin and allow for multiracial identities. It is harmful to collapse identities in one category, as individuals have very different experiences depending on their racial and ethnic identity and should be avoided where possible. Respondents also underscored that it is crucial to allow for the reporting of multiple/mixed racial identities, and it is equally important that such data is disaggregated appropriately. However, no feedback was offered on approaches to analyze and disseminate multi-racial categories, therefore the ideal approach CCJCSS should take regarding this will require further exploration and engagement.

Overall, the respondents would like to see a clear distinction made between race-based data and ethnicity data. Just as how the historical and cultural diversity among Indigenous people is recognized, the same is recommended for racialized groups. For example, "Black" is race-based data because it is socially constructed. However, it does not accurately portray the cultural diversity that exists among Black communities. The experiences of individuals who descend from African-Americans fleeing slavery from the United States is very different than recent immigrants from North Africa or the Caribbean. As such, collecting ethnic-based data would allow for a more accurate portrayal of the incarcerated population, rather than just grouping everyone under the same label as their racialized identity.

Indigenous Groups and Peoples

A frequent misconception is the idea that Indigenous people are homogenous. Thirty percent (30%) of the written document respondents and 16% of the small group discussion participants recognize the diversity and heterogeneity of Indigenous groups and peoples. They agree there is a need to disaggregate the correctional data as much as possible otherwise it becomes difficult to determine the extent to which the aggregated data among Indigenous populations can be generalized to each sub-group. Furthermore, respondents indicated that it would be helpful to examine the differences and similarities between First Nations, Inuit, and Métis people to better understand their experiences with the correctional system and to develop culturally appropriate programs. There is also a need to understand the major regional variation regarding the over-representation of Indigenous people. 18% of the written document respondents and 16% of the small group discussion participants have indicated that the data should be disaggregated by geographical location, such as those living on- or off-reserve. Moreover, 12% of the written document respondents stressed that the data should also be disseminated by regional differences, such as urban or rural dwellings.

Recommendation 3

Statistics Canada should further analyze the relationship between socio-economic and mental health issues and the over-representation of certain groups in correctional systems

Overall consensus
Additional socio-economic and mental health factors should be considered by Statistics Canada when conducting analysis of over-representation

Respondents were specifically asked to identify important contextual information and factors that Statistics Canada should consider when presenting data and writing analytical reports pertaining to Indigenous, racialized and other diverse populations. Understanding additional contextual factors that may contribute to over-representation will ultimately allow for the development of evidence-based approaches to appropriately respond to the phenomenon.

Responses to both the written engagement exercise and small group discussions indicated a rich variety of additional socio-economic and mental health factors that should be considered by Statistics Canada when conducting analysis of over-representation. Some factors were more frequently identified than others (such as education), but the majority of respondents were very clear in asserting that over-representation data cannot be analyzed solely on its own accord. As one respondent explained, "We cannot consider over-representation data in isolation of other data sets such as health and education data."

Additional socio-economic and mental health factors

Respondents to the written engagement noted many socio-economic factors and mental health issues that are associated with over-representation. Education was the area respondents most frequently noted, with 91% indicating that education needs to be considered when conducting data analysis on over-representation. The next factors most frequently noted by respondents were mental health, labour force, and age and gender, with 85% of respondents observing that these areas need to be considered. Other areas to be considered in data analysis on over-representation are noted in Figure 2 below:

Top 10 areas to be considered when doing data analysis on over-representation
Description for Figure 2: Top 10 areas to be considered when doing data analysis on overrepresentation
Top 10 areas to be considered when doing data analysis on overrepresentation
  Percentange (%)
Breach 54.54545
Community Supervision 60.60606
Risk/Need 69.69697
Gang 72.72727
Offences 75.75758
Marginalization 81.81818
Age & Gender 84.84848
Labour Force 84.84848
Mental Health 84.84848
Education 90.90909

Respondents to the written engagement also noted substance use, marital/family stability, housing, sexual orientation, programming availability, length of incarceration, intergenerational trauma, and childhood maltreatment as other factors impacting over-representation.

The small group discussions further identified many factors impacting over-representation, such as homelessness (16%), mental health (16%), experience of violence and/or sexual violence (12%), housing (8%), state of crisis/emergency (8%), cost of living (8%), substance use (8%), and immigration status (8%).

Going forward, it will be very important for Statistics Canada to consider data on over-representation within the context of social issues. The aforementioned factors identified by respondents will guide the focus of Statistics Canada in conducting future analyses of over-representation data, with particular emphasis on those factors that were most frequently identified.

As one respondent commented, "it is important to ensure that over-representation is contextualized with an understanding of the 'social determinants' of interaction with the criminal justice system." Ultimately, as another respondent noted, "understanding the intersection among health, education, poverty, age, gender, etc. and crime informs broader evidence-driven solutions to understanding crime prevention and successful community integration."

Recommendation 4

Statistics Canada should conduct data quality evaluations of the disaggregated information collected

Overall consensus

  • Current method of collecting self-reporting identity is concerning and can inflict or deepen existing trauma, which can impact the quality of the data
  • Trauma-informed data collection methods may help to mitigate the risk of re-traumatization

The following findings were derived from an open-ended question which asked respondents to indicate any concerns they may have about the quality of data and information collected by correctional programs and other sectors of the criminal justice system in regard to Indigenous people and racialized groups. Overall, the majority of Engagement respondents (85% of the written respondents and 64% of the small group discussion participants) expressed concern about the quality of disaggregated data collected by correctional services and other sections of the justice system regarding Indigenous peoples.

The strongest concern that was discussed by the Engagement participants (15% of the written document participants and 12% of the small group discussion participants) revolve around data quality regarding identity. 40% of the written document respondents are concerned about Indigenous identity and 48% of respondents indicated that the current measures of self-reporting identity is problematic. Participants indicated that Indigenous individuals are often more hesitant to disclose their Indigenous identity at intake, for various reasons. Indigenous individuals may feel that declaring their identity will invite further discrimination within the correctional facility from both prison workers and prisoners, especially if the prison worker in question is White. Moreover, 12% of the small group discussion participants are concerned with the lack of consent surrounding identity collection, and 10% are concerned with the potential for re-traumatization due to data collection. Furthermore, 15% of the small group discussion participants have identified that there could be privacy implications among small cohort sizes. It may be easier to identify the individual in question if the admissions of a particular group is small.

In terms of the data collection methods, 30% of the written documents respondents are concerned with how Indigenous identity data is collected. More specifically, 6% of the written document respondents and 12% of the small group discussion participants are concerned that the data collection officer does not have any culturally appropriate training, and may create further trauma for Indigenous peoples at intake. 6% of the written documents respondents have suggested that trauma-informed data collection methods may help to mitigate the risk of re-traumatization. In addition, 36% of the small group discussion participants problematized the lack of standardized identity categories and 29% participants noted the lack of identity categories for Indigenous people, which contributes significantly to the rates of misidentification.

Recommendation 5

Statistics Canada should include appropriate context as part of the data analysis process, and work closely with affected populations when publishing disaggregated data

Overall consensus

  • The historical and social context for marginalized groups needs to be strongly articulated and acknowledged to avoid perpetuating stereotypes
  • Statistics Canada needs to consult and collaborate with marginalized communities in research methods development
  • Racial identity and ethnicity need to be understood and operationalized as separate variables

A key concern noted by respondents was the possibility of adverse impacts on vulnerable populations resulting from Statistics Canada publications of representation and disaggregated data. The majority of respondents (64% from the written engagement raised this concern) noted the importance of ensuring over-representation is understood as a systems-based problem.

Respondents also highlighted the risk of reinforcing stereotypes and racial biases. A further 39% of respondents emphasized the importance of consulting with marginalized communities, and including their voices in the data collection and analysis processes.

Indigenous populations

Discussion group participants echoed the concerns of the written engagement, with many commenting on the need for community-based approaches with Indigenous populations. When working with Indigenous populations, respondents noted that it will be necessary for Statistics Canada to acknowledge historical injustices, the impact of colonialism, and recognizing that Indigenous peoples are not a single, homogenous group.

Many discussion group participants also commented on the need to provide historical and colonial context, traumas, and systemic racism when presenting the data. Thirty-six percent of both the written document respondents and small group participants agree that the histories and present dynamics of systemic racism should be taken into account when dealing with race-based data. Approximately three out of ten respondents (27%) of the written document respondents are concerned with how systemic discrimination against certain groups and communities have impacted the collection and quality of corrections data. Due to the plurality of histories and experiences of Black and other racialized groups, the data should be collected and presented in a culturally appropriate manner. Similarly, 28% of the small group discussion participants suggested that providing additional socio-economic context and highlighting the differences among racialized and ethnic communities would be beneficial.

Going forward, it will be crucial for Statistics Canada and CCJCSS to work with and engage proactively with Indigenous communities to achieve progress in responding to this recommendation. This could be completed through community engagement exercises such as town halls, as well as by collaborating with Indigenous communities and considering the incorporation of Indigenous research methods that promote Indigenous values and knowledge. A statement from one of the respondents who quoted an Indigenous professor illustrates the importance of doing so:

"We have a very long history in this country of being studied and researched and having data collected on us, only to twist that around to blame the victim in a sense. If you want to collect that data, then you do it with us. And you do it for us."

Racialized groups

In the case of racialized groups, respondents noted that Statistics Canada should refrain from conflating racialized identity and ethnicity.

It was noted that racial and ethnic groups are social constructs, and consequently, factors that lead to the over-representation of certain groups are socially-based (e.g. systemic racism), and not due to any perceived differences on the basis of genetic factors.

Further to this, it was noted that the purpose of the data for these populations is very important in determining how it will be used in the future:

"If the intent is to monitor and address inequalities stemming from racism or systemic bias, then race-based data should be collected and disaggregated. However if the intent is to tailor services or interventions in the community to reduce the overrepresentation of certain groups in correctional settings, then ethnicity-based data should be collected and disaggregated so that language, cultural or religious needs of individuals can be better anticipated. If both these purposes are relevant, than both race and ethnicity data should be collected and disaggregated."

Finally, respondents underscored the need for Statistics Canada to recognize that the experiences and needs of individuals vary significantly due to their racial and cultural histories. As one respondent explained, the histories and current dynamics of systemic racism, the plurality of histories and experiences of racialized groups, as well as other factors contributing to challenges in accessing services and supports need to be considered when Statistics publishes disaggregated data.

Recommendation 6

Statistics Canada should review options for dissemination to enhance data accessibility and use

Overall consensus

  • Publication of a specialized Juristat on over-representation would help deepen current understanding of over-representation
  • Accessing micro-data would help researchers in their research endeavours
  • Introducing additional analytical products that allow for a clearer visual representation of the data

Special topic Juristat reports

Specific to this recommendation, 30% of respondents from the written engagement exercise highlighted that a special topic published in Juristat would allow for a greater understanding of the variables that cause over-representation, as well as access to a direct comparison of findings that provide a more transparent view of how Indigenous and racialized groups are represented. As one respondent commented, "…special topics Juristats are helpful and focusing on characteristics of a specific population for a report can be informative."

Accessibility of micro-data

An additional 12% of respondents from the written engagement exercise proposed that increased accessibility to micro-data will allow researchers to examine a number of questions that will contribute to the advancement of knowledge on over-representation. As one respondent mentioned: "…having this data available as microdata in the Research Data Centres will allow for examination of some of the precursors to over-representation via integrated data projects.

Additional products

Search parameters were also suggested by 9% of respondents from the written engagement exercise. Allowing individuals to help filter data by jurisdiction, types of offence, racialized identity, and other parameters would make it more accessible to users.

Another 6% of respondents suggested that the inclusion of data tables and infographics will allow for a clearer visual representation of the data.

Finally, some respondents from the discussion groups suggested communicating data using familiar platforms, organizations, and resources. For instance, the Aboriginal Peoples Television Network (APTN) was suggested as a platform that could be used to share data.

Recommendation 7

Statistics Canada should regularly review its definitions, terminology and categorizations in order to ensure that the language used is appropriate and culturally-sensitive

Overall consensus

  • Several terminologies need to be replaced and/or redefined
  • Current uses of the words 'over-representation', 'offender', and 'gang affiliation' can be harmful and stigmatizing

Respondents highlighted the need for Statistics Canada to thoughtfully consider its terminology. As one respondent explained:

"The language and terminology used in collection practices, and the framework used to analyze data, should be determined in collaboration with communities that would be impacted by the data…The terms and language should then be shared widely through robust training."

Respondents most often referred to 'over-representation', 'offender', and 'gang affiliation' as terminology that should be reviewed by CCJCSS.

Defining 'over-representation'

The majority of discussion group respondents (56%) stressed the need for an official definition of over-representation, or a standard means by which it can be measured. Academics recommended using the term disproportionate in place of over-represented when commenting on imprisonment data.

Use of 'offender' and 'gang affiliation'

Respondents pointed to the term 'offender' as something that categorizes someone within the correctional system as an 'other'. Categorizing someone as an 'other' minimizes persons to a single characteristic, namely that they are housed within a correctional facility. Further to this, it is an inaccurate descriptor given that people held on remand may be later deemed innocent of their offence.

CCJCSS was also asked to exercise caution with use of the term 'gang affiliation'. This term has been disproportionately applied to Indigenous and racialized groups in the past, and has been applied to individuals who may have associated with individuals in gangs for however brief a period. The label can also be assigned to someone in a correctional facility without the requirement of police or court documentation. Once an individual in a correctional facility is assigned this label, removing it or correcting is "extremely difficult".

Next Steps

Based on these seven recommendations, Statistics Canada, through its CCJCSS, will develop a strategic five-year plan for developing its disaggregated data program with correctional services data. The plan will be comprehensive, addressing survey development, respondent and partner relations, analytical plans, indicator development and data quality evaluations, along with other components of its statistical program.

In the short-term, for fiscal year 2022/2023, CCJCSS will produce a special topic Juristat on Indigenous representation in adult custody (for provinces reporting to CCSS), and include a table on visible minority admissions on its website as part of its annual analysis. Within this context, it is important to note that CCJCSS has not yet developed standards for categorizing racialized groups as it awaits guidance from Statistics Canada on new classifications pertaining to racialized identity and ethnicity.

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Supplement to Statistics Canada's Generic Privacy Impact Assessment related to the Survey of Advanced Technology and the Survey of Innovation and Business Strategy

Date: July 2022

Program manager: Director, Investment Science and Technology Division (ISTD)
Director General, Economy-wide Statistics

Reference to Personal Information Bank (PIB)

In accordance with the Privacy Act, Statistics Canada is submitting a new institutional personal information bank (PIB) to describe any personal information about businesses' primary decision makers collected voluntarily at the end of mandatory business surveys for the purposes of the Statistics Act, such as the Survey of Advanced Technology (SAT) and the Survey of Innovation and Business Strategy (SIBS). The following PIB is proposed for review and registration.

Sociodemographic Information on Business Primary Decision Makers

Description: This bank describes personal information that relates to business' primary decision makers collected voluntarily at the end of mandatory business surveys. Personal information may include gender, sexual and gender diversity, Indigenous Peoples, visible minority, persons with a disability, citizenship and immigration status, education and age group.

Class of Individuals: Primary decision makers of businesses that participate in business surveys.

Purpose: The personal information is used to produce statistical data that help shed light on various gaps in the economy for a variety of minority groups, and serves to inform evidence-based decisions on funding and support for specific groups of businesses. Personal information is collected pursuant to the Statistics Act (Sections 3, 7, 8).

Consistent Uses: When collected from the primary decision maker directly and with their informed consent, this sociodemographic personal information may be shared with provincial and territorial statistical agencies and other government organizations that have demonstrated a requirement to use the data, and as permitted under the provisions of Sections 11 or 12 of the Statistics Act.

Retention and Disposal Standards: Information is retained until it is no longer required for statistical purposes and then it is destroyed.

RDA Number: 2007/001

Related Record Number: To be assigned by Statistics Canada

TBS Registration: To be assigned by TBS

Bank Number: StatCan PPU 166

Description of statistical activity

The Survey of Advanced Technology (SAT) and the Survey of Innovation and Business Strategy (SIBS)are mandatory business surveys conducted under the authority of the Statistics Act. The data collected on the surveys covers the adoption, use, development and barriers to adoption of various advanced technologies as well as business innovation and strategy. Due to the need for more disaggregated data in terms of what types of companies are falling behind and require support in technology adoption and innovation, a section was added to the 2022 reference year surveys on the characteristics of the primary decision-maker of the business, which is voluntary for the respondent to answer.

These two survey questionnaires should be completed by the primary decision-maker or the person most familiar with advanced technologies or innovation. This person could be the entrepreneur, Chief Executive Officer (CEO), senior manager, Chief Information Officer (CIO), operations manager or anyone else in an equivalent position in the enterprise. Depending on the company size, the primary decision-maker could be the majority owner, chairman of the board of directors, or general manager of this business. The respondent will be asked to confirm if they are the primary decision maker. In some cases, the primary decision-maker may not be the respondent of the survey; therefore, the respondent is answering these questions to the best of their knowledge.

  • Gender (Male, female, another gender)
  • Sexual and gender diversity (e.g. Identifies as LGBTQ2+)
  • Indigenous Identity (First Nations, Métis, Inuk (Inuit))
  • Visible Minority
  • Persons with a disability
  • New Canadian
  • Highest level of education (only for SAT)
  • Age group (10-year bracket) (only for SAT)

All of these questions in this section are voluntary and have the option of "Don't know" as a response. In addition, these voluntary questions will not be shared as microdata with any organizations outside of Statistics Canada.

The questions have been adapted in collaboration with the Harmonized Content team at Statistics Canada to meet the needs of our business survey. Harmonized content modules contain standard concepts, definitions, classification and wording for multiple collection modes. These questions will shed light on the gaps in the adoption and use of advanced technologies as well as gaps in business innovation for a variety of minority groups. This would allow government departments to make evidence-based decisions on funding and support for specific groups of businesses.

Reason for supplement

While the Generic Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) addresses most of the privacy and security risks related to statistical activities conducted by Statistics Canada, this supplement is required because these are business surveys that will collect personal information about the primary decision-maker of the business, such as gender, sexual and gender diversity, ethnicity, age group and level of education of an individual indirectly from the respondent business survey contact. As is the case with all PIAs, Statistics Canada's privacy framework ensures that elements of privacy protection and privacy controls are documented and applied.

Necessity and Proportionality

The Survey of Advanced Technology and the Survey of Innovation and Business Strategy will collect information on the characteristics of the business's primary decision-maker, such as gender, sexual and gender diversity, ethnicity, age group and level of education. This personal information is provided by a respondent who may or may not be the primary decision-maker. A question will be asked to confirm if the business respondent is the primary decision maker at the end of the personal information section. The collection of the characteristics of the business's primary decision-maker can be justified against Statistics Canada's Necessity and Proportionality Framework:

1. Necessity

In the 2021 Federal budget, Statistics Canada received funding to produce disaggregated data to identify how minority groups fare compared to their non-minority counterparts. Stakeholders, such as Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED), have further expressed a need to understand whether businesses owned by minority groups or whose primary decision maker is part of a minority group perform differently than their non-minority counterparts.

The collection of the characteristics of the business's primary decision maker would benefit Canadians as it would allow light to be shed on the gaps in the adoption and use of advanced technologies and in business innovation for a variety of businesses led by minority groups. This would allow government departments to make evidence-based decisions on funding and support for specific groups of businesses.

2. Effectiveness - Working assumptions

The characteristics of the business's primary decision-maker are collected with a sample of about 13,000 enterprises for SAT and 15,000 enterprises for SIBS. This is the first time this information will be collected for either surveys. The response to these personal information questions is voluntary. Prior to collection, a pre-contact process will be administrated to maximize the probability that the selected respondent for the survey is the primary decision-maker of the business. In some cases, the primary decision-maker may not be the respondent of the survey; therefore, the respondent is answering these questions to the best of their knowledge. The personal information that will be collected includes gender, sexual and gender diversity of the primary decision-maker, as well as if the primary decision-maker identifies as First Nations, Métis or Inuk, if they are a visible minority, have a disability or are a new Canadian. The majority of the questions are written in a Yes/No format. The highest level of education and the age group of the primary decision-maker is also included in this section. The respondent has the option to select the response "Don't know" for all questions.

The purpose of these questions is to disaggregate data related to Canadian businesses whose primary decision maker belongs to a minority group. It is important to note that there will be no statistics published relating to the count or proportion of business owners by these categories (e.g. number or Percentage of businesses whose primary decision-maker is indigenous). Rather, these variables will be used to stratify the data and produce estimates on technology adoption and business innovation by these categories.

3. Proportionality

The data collected will allow government departments to understand the gaps in the adoption and use of advanced technologies as well as gaps in business innovation for a variety of businesses led by minority groups. This would allow government departments to make evidence-based decisions on funding and support for specific groups of businesses which is a priority for the federal government.

With the growing need to understand how minority groups are faring in business, business surveys are looking to adopt these questions, as they are part of the standards developed by the Disaggregated Data Action Plan's Standards Working Group. The questions have been adapted in consultation with the Harmonized Content team at Statistics Canada.

In the section related to the characteristics of the primary decision-maker, the respondent is provided with the response category "Don't know" for all questions. The majority of the questions are written to gather a Yes or No response.

The survey does not ask for the personal identifiers of the business's primary decision-maker (e.g. Name, job title or position). Also, its sample size has been determined to be the smallest possible in order to achieve the objectives.

4. Alternatives

The Survey of Advanced Technology and the Survey of Innovation and Business Strategy are mandatory business surveys using the Business Register as the frame. In the 2022 reference year, a new section is added to collect the characteristics of the primary decision-maker, which is voluntary. Alternatives mode of collection of the personal information includes:

  1. Direct collection from the business's primary decision maker through additional screening questions – however, this may limit the response rate and compromise the ability to produce statistics by these minority groups
  2. Linking these characteristics via other surveys or admin files – however, this process is long and complex. The only dataset that has these types of characteristics data is the Census and only a portion of Canadians were asked to respond to the long-form questionnaire where these questions were asked. Thus, the linkage rate will be fairly low.

Mitigation factors

Some questions contained in the Survey of Advanced Technology and the Survey of Innnovation and Business Strategy are considered sensitive as they include health data (disability), ethnic and racial origins and sexual orientation information. The primary decision-maker may not be the respondent of the survey, so the respondent is answering these questions to the best of their knowledge about the primary decision-maker's demographic characteristics. A question will be asked to confirm if the business respondent is the primary decision maker at the end of the personal information section. Thus, the section with these questions is made voluntary and the overall risk of harm to the survey respondents has been deemed manageable with existing Statistics Canada safeguards that are described in Statistics Canada's Generic Privacy Impact Assessment. The respondent also has the option to select the response "Don't know" for all questions. In addition, these voluntary questions will not be shared as microdata with any organizations outside of Statistics Canada.

Conclusion

This assessment concludes that the overall risk of harm to the survey respondents has been deemed manageable with existing Statistics Canada safeguards that are described.

Formal approval

This Supplementary Privacy Impact Assessment has been reviewed and recommended for approval by Statistics Canada's Chief Privacy Officer, Director General for Modern Statistical Methods and Data Science, and Assistant Chief Statistician for the Enterprise Statistics Field.

The Chief Statistician of Canada has the authority for section 10 of the Privacy Act for Statistics Canada and is responsible for the Agency's operations, including the program area mentioned in this Supplementary Privacy Impact Assessment.

This Privacy Impact Assessment has been approved by the Chief Statistician of Canada.

Statistics Canada to hold news conference to present 2021 Census data on linguistic diversity and the use of English and French in Canada

Media advisory

August 10, 2022, OTTAWA, ON

On August 17, 2022, Statistics Canada will release the fourth set of results from the 2021 Census. This release will explore linguistic diversity and use of English and French in Canada.

The release will be published in Statistics Canada's Daily at 8:30 a.m. eastern time on August 17, 2022. Information about subsequent releases throughout 2022 is available at 2021 Census dissemination planning - Release plans.

Statistics Canada officials will hold a news conference to present high-level national, provincial, and territorial findings for the fourth release from the 2021 Census. Officials will be available to answer questions from the media following their remarks.

On August 17 and the following days, Statistics Canada will also grant interviews regarding this 2021 Census data release. Members of the media are invited to submit their requests for interviews and/or custom tabulations ahead of the release date to the Media Hot Line.

Date

August 17, 2022

Time

9:30 AM to 10:30 AM (EDT)

Location

The news conference will be held virtually.

Participation in the question and answer portion of this event is for accredited members of the Canadian Parliamentary Press Gallery only. Media who are not members of the Press Gallery may contact pressres2@parl.gc.ca to request temporary access. A teleconference line is also available for media who wish to listen to the event:

Toll-free dial-in number (Canada/US): 1-866-206-0153
Local dial-in number: 613-954-9003
Participant passcode: 2604049#

Associated link

2021 Census of Population – Backgrounder for Media

Contact

Media Relations
Statistics Canada
statcan.mediahotline-ligneinfomedias.statcan@statcan.gc.ca

Statement outlining results, risks and significant changes in operations, personnel and program

A) Introduction

Statistics Canada's mandate

Statistics Canada ("the agency") is a member of the Innovation, Science and Industry portfolio.

Statistics Canada's role is to ensure that Canadians have access to a trusted source of statistics on Canada that meets their highest priority needs.

The agency's mandate derives primarily from the Statistics Act. The Act requires that the agency collects, compiles, analyzes and publishes statistical information on the economic, social, and general conditions of the country and its people. It also requires that Statistics Canada conduct the census of population and the census of agriculture every fifth year, and protects the confidentiality of the information with which it is entrusted.

Statistics Canada also has a mandate to co-ordinate and lead the national statistical system. The agency is considered a leader, among statistical agencies around the world, in co–ordinating statistical activities to reduce duplication and reporting burden.

More information on Statistics Canada's mandate, roles, responsibilities and programs can be found in the 2022-2023 Main Estimates and in the Statistics Canada 2022-2023 Departmental Plan.

The Quarterly Financial Report:

  • should be read in conjunction with the 2022-2023 Main Estimates;
  • has been prepared by management, as required by Section 65.1 of the Financial Administration Act, and in the form and manner prescribed by Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat;
  • has not been subject to an external audit or review.

Statistics Canada has the authority to collect and spend revenue from other federal government departments and agencies, as well as from external clients, for statistical services and products.

Basis of presentation

This quarterly report has been prepared by management using an expenditure basis of accounting. The accompanying Statement of Authorities includes the agency's spending authorities granted by Parliament and those used by the agency consistent with the Main Estimates for the 2022-2023 fiscal year. This quarterly report has been prepared using a special purpose financial reporting framework designed to meet financial information needs with respect to the use of spending authorities.

The authority of Parliament is required before moneys can be spent by the Government. Approvals are given in the form of annually approved limits through appropriation acts or through legislation in the form of statutory spending authority for specific purposes.

The agency uses the full accrual method of accounting to prepare and present its annual departmental financial statements that are part of the departmental results reporting process. However, the spending authorities voted by Parliament remain on an expenditure basis.

B) Highlights of fiscal quarter and fiscal year-to-date results

This section highlights the significant items that contributed to the net increase in resources available for the year, as well as actual expenditures for the quarter ended June 30.

Comparison of gross budgetary authorities and expenditures as of June 30, 2021, and June 30, 2022, in thousands of dollars
Description for Chart 1: Comparison of gross budgetary authorities and expenditures as of June 30, 2021, and June 30, 2022, in thousands of dollars

This bar graph shows Statistics Canada's budgetary authorities and expenditures, in thousands of dollars, as of June 30, 2021 and 2022:

  • As at June 30, 2021
    • Net budgetary authorities: $849,156
    • Vote netting authority: $120,000
    • Total authority: $969,156
    • Net expenditures for the period ending June 30: $297,818
    • Year-to-date revenues spent from vote netting authority for the period ending June 30: $5,668
    • Total expenditures: $303,486
  • As at June 30, 2022
    • Net budgetary authorities: $576,698
    • Vote netting authority: $120,000
    • Total authority: $696,698
    • Net expenditures for the period ending June 30: $185,286
    • Year-to-date revenues spent from vote netting authority for the period ending June 30: $11,675
    • Total expenditures: $196,961

Chart 1 outlines the gross budgetary authorities, which represent the resources available for use for the year as of June 30.

Significant changes to authorities

Total authorities available for 2022-23 have decreased by $272.5 million, or 28.1%, from the previous year, from $969.2 million to $696.7 million (Chart 1). The net decrease is mostly the result of the following:

  • A decrease of $293 million for the 2021 Census of Population and Census of Agriculture programs due to the cyclical nature of funding winding down in 2022–2023;
  • An increase of $36.8 million for the Disaggregated Data Action Plan;
  • An increase of $6.8 million for collective bargaining;
  • An increase of $28.1 million for various initiatives including Census of Environment, Quality of Life Framework for Canada, Cost Recovery & Census Program Integrity, and Supporting Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Care Information and Services.

In addition to the appropriations allocated to the agency through the Main Estimates, Statistics Canada also has vote net authority within Vote 1, which entitles the agency to spend revenues collected from other federal government departments, agencies, and external clients to provide statistical services. The vote netting authority is stable at $120 million when comparing the first quarter of fiscal years 2021-2022 and 2022-2023.

Significant changes to expenditures

Year-to-date net expenditures recorded to the end of the first quarter decreased by $112.5 million, or 37.8% from the previous year, from $297.8 million to $185.3 million (see Table A: Variation in Departmental Expenditures by Standard Object).

Statistics Canada spent approximately 32.1% of its authorities by the end of the first quarter, compared with 35.1% in the same quarter of 2021-2022.

Table A: Variation in Departmental Expenditures by Standard Object (unaudited)
This table displays the variance of departmental expenditures by standard object between fiscal 2021-2022 and 2022-2023. The variance is calculated for year to date expenditures as at the end of the first quarter. The row headers provide information by standard object. The column headers provide information in thousands of dollars and percentage variance for the year to date variation.
Departmental Expenditures Variation by Standard Object: Q1 year-to-date variation between fiscal year 2021-2022 and 2022-2023
$'000 %
(01) Personnel -6,382 -3.6
(02) Transportation and communications -31,711 -89.8
(03) Information -3,416 -71.8
(04) Professional and special services -66,955 -89.0
05) Rentals 1,149 12.8
(06) Repair and maintenance 65 73.0
(07) Utilities, materials and supplies -4 -1.8
(08) Acquisition of land, buildings and works - N/A
(09) Acquisition of machinery and equipment 33 2.1
(10) Transfer payments - N/A
(12) Other subsidies and payments 697 536.2
Total gross budgetary expenditures -106,524 -35.1
Less revenues netted against expenditures:
Revenues 6,007 106.0
Total net budgetary expenditures -112,531 -37.8
Note: Explanations are provided for variances of more than $1 million.

Personnel: There is an overall decrease in the agency's activities as the 2021 Census was in its main operational period this quarter of last fiscal year.

Transportation and communications: The decrease is mainly due to postage costs for the mailing of Census questionnaires and related materials as well as travel expenditures for enumerators for 2021 Census collection activity occurred last fiscal year.

Information: The decrease is mainly due to printing costs for the 2021 Census materials at the same quarter of last fiscal year such as questionnaires, envelopes and letters.

Professional and special services: The decrease is mainly due to the remuneration of Statistics Act employees hired in the same quarter in the last fiscal year to conduct the 2021 Census.

Rentals: The increase is mainly due to the Software Licenses and Maintenance Fees increased by the GCDocs Licenses caused by a timing difference in invoicing compared to last year.

Revenues: The increase is mainly due to a timing difference in invoicing compared to last year.

C) Significant changes to operations, personnel and programs

In 2022–2023, Statistics Canada will continue processing and analysing Census data, and disseminating the remaining major 2021 Census data releases. Six data releases are planned in 2022-23. For the Census of Population, two releases took place in April and July of 2022, and the remaining releases are scheduled for August, September, October and November 2022. The Census of Agriculture took place in May of 2021.

The agency is managing other changes in operations and program activities with financial implications including:

  • Continued effort and collaboration to provide data and insights related to the impact of the pandemic on the society and economy;
  • New initiatives announced in the Budget 2021 are ramping up and activities related to those initiatives are on track;
  • Increase in revenues due to cyclical programs and restoring paused programs post pandemic.

D) Risks and uncertainties

Statistics Canada will address the issues and corresponding uncertainties raised in this Quarterly Financial Report by implementing corresponding risk mitigation measures captured in the 2022-23 Corporate Risk Profile and at the program level.

Statistics Canada continues to pursue and invest in modernizing business processes and tools to maintain its relevance and maximize the value it provides to Canadians. To address uncertainties, the agency is implementing the Census of Environment, the Quality of Life Framework for Canada and the Disaggregated Data Action Plan initiatives to meet the evolving needs of users and remain relevant as an agency.

Statistics Canada requires a skilled workforce to achieve its objectives; however, it is difficult to compete with other organizations in the data ecosystem and the current labour market situation. To address uncertainties, Statistics Canada proactively recruits from universities and colleges across Canada promoting a strong workplace culture, a healthy work-life balance and put forward the Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Action Plan. In addition, the Integrated Business and Human Resources plan targets attracting talented employees with an increased focus on diversity, inclusion and official languages.

Statistics Canada is collaborating with federal partners to access IT services and support to realise its modernization objectives and transition its infrastructure and applications to the Cloud, while incurring minimal impact to activities and costs. To address uncertainties, the agency is working closely with its federal partners, while adhering to the agency's notable financial planning management practices and integrated strategic planning framework.

Approval by senior officials

Approved by:

Anil Arora, Chief Statistician
Ziad Shadid, Acting Chief Financial Officer
Ottawa, Ontario
Signed on: August 23, 2022

Appendix

Statement of Authorities (unaudited)
This table displays the departmental authorities for fiscal years 2021-2022 and 2022-2023. The row headers provide information by type of authority, Vote 105 – Net operating expenditures, Statutory authority and Total Budgetary authorities. The column headers provide information in thousands of dollars for Total available for use for the year ending March 31; used during the quarter ended June 30; and year to date used at quarter-end of both fiscal years.
  Fiscal year 2022-2023 Fiscal year 2021–2022
Total available for use for the year ending March 31, 2023Table note * Used during the quarter ended June 30, 2022 Year-to-date used at quarter-end Total available for use for the year ending March 31, 2022Table note * Used during the quarter ended June 30, 2021 Year-to-date used at quarter-end
in thousands of dollars
Vote 1 — Net operating expenditures 496,731 165,294 165,294 762,722 277,541 277,541
Statutory authority — Contribution to employee benefit plans 79,967 19,992 19,992 86,434 20,277 20,277
Total budgetary authorities 576,698 185,286 185,286 849,156 297,818 297,818
Table note *

Includes only Authorities available for use and granted by Parliament at quarter-end.

Return to the first table note * referrer
Departmental budgetary expenditures by Standard Object (unaudited)
This table displays the departmental expenditures by standard object for fiscal years 2021-2022 and 2022-2023. The row headers provide information by standard object for expenditures and revenues. The column headers provide information in thousands of dollars for planned expenditures for the year ending March 31; expended during the quarter ended June 30; and year to date used at quarter-end of both fiscal years.
  Fiscal year 2022-2023 Fiscal year 2021–2022
Planned expenditures for the year ending March 31, 2023 Expended during the quarter ended June 30, 2022 Year-to-date used at quarter-end Planned expenditures for the year ending March 31, 2022 Expended during the quarter ended June 30, 2021 Year-to-date used at quarter-end
in thousands of dollars
Expenditures:
(01) Personnel 613,079 170,853 170,853 657,570 177,235 177,235
(02) Transportation and communications 11,745 3,586 3,586 66,874 35,297 35,297
(03) Information 9,041 1,339 1,339 25,704 4,755 4,755
(04) Professional and special services 35,898 8,286 8,286 190,045 75,241 75,241
(05) Rentals 17,160 10,128 10,128 17,014 8,979 8,979
(06) Repair and maintenance 475 154 154 716 89 89
(07) Utilities, materials and supplies 1,736 215 215 1,765 220 220
(08) Acquisition of land, buildings and works 555 - - 695 - -
(09) Acquisition of machinery and equipment 6,962 1,573 1,573 8,721 1,540 1,540
(10) Transfer payments - - - - - -
(12) Other subsidies and payments 47 827 827 52 130 130
Total gross budgetary expenditures 696,698 196,961 196,961 969,156 303,486 303,486
Less revenues netted against expenditures:
Revenues 120,000 11,675 11,675 120,000 5,668 5,668
Total revenues netted against expenditures 120,000 11,675 11,675 120,000 5,668 5,668
Total net budgetary expenditures 576,698 185,286 185,286 849,156 297,818 297,818

Why are we conducting this survey?

This survey collects information on scientific activities of Canadian businesses. The research and development expenditures and personnel information is used by federal, provincial and territorial governments and agencies, academics, trade associations and international organizations for statistical analyses and policy purposes. These data also contribute to national totals of research and development activities. The payments and receipts information is used by these agencies to monitor knowledge flows across international borders and between Canadian businesses.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Your participation in this survey is required under the authority of the Statistics Act.

Other important information

Authorization to collect this information

Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

Confidentiality

By law, Statistics Canada is prohibited from releasing any information it collects that could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent, or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes only.

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the reporting burden, Statistics Canada may combine the acquired data with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Data-sharing agreements

To reduce respondent burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data-sharing agreements with provincial and territorial statistical agencies and other government organizations, which have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes. Statistics Canada will only share data from this survey with those organizations that have demonstrated a requirement to use the data.

Provincial and territorial statistical agencies

Section 11 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with provincial and territorial statistical agencies that meet certain conditions. These agencies must have the legislative authority to collect the same information, on a mandatory basis, and the legislation must provide substantially the same provisions for confidentiality and penalties for disclosure of confidential information as the Statistics Act. Because these agencies have the legal authority to compel businesses to provide the same information, consent is not requested and businesses may not object to the sharing of the data.

For this survey, there are Section 11 agreements with the provincial and territorial statistical agencies of Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia and the Yukon. The shared data will be limited to information on in-house research and development expenditures (Question 14) and in-house research and development personnel (Question 72) pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Section 12 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with federal, provincial or territorial government organizations. Under Section 12, you may refuse to share your information with any of these organizations by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician, specifying the organizations with which you do not want Statistics Canada to share your data and mailing it to the following address:

Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of Director, Enterprise Statistics Division
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0T6

You may also contact us by email at statcan.esdhelpdesk-dsebureaudedepannage.statcan@statcan.gc.ca or by fax at 613-951-6583.

Other data-sharing agreement

For this survey, there are Section 12 agreements with the statistical agencies of Prince Edward Island, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut. The shared data will be limited to information on in-house research and development expenditures (Question 14) and in-house research and development personnel (Question 72) pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada

For this survey, Statistics Canada will share survey data with Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada. The shared data will be limited to information on research and development expenditures (Questions 4 to 21) and in-house research and development personnel (Questions 70 to 72).

Natural Resources Canada

For respondents with expenditures on energy-related research and development in technology (fossil fuels, renewable energy resources, nuclear fission and fusion, electric power, hydrogen and fuel cells, energy efficiency, other energy-related technologies), Statistics Canada will also share survey data with the Office of Energy Research and Development (OERD) of Natural Resources Canada. The shared data will be limited to information on Energy Research and Development Expenditures by Area of Technology (Questions 22 to 69).

Sustainable Development Technology Canada

For this survey, Statistics Canada will share survey data with Sustainable Development Technology Canada.

Business or organization and contact information

1. Verify or provide the business or organization's legal and operating name and correct where needed.

Note: Legal name modifications should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

Legal Name

The legal name is one recognized by law, thus it is the name liable for pursuit or for debts incurred by the business or organization. In the case of a corporation, it is the legal name as fixed by its charter or the statute by which the corporation was created.

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

To indicate a legal name of another legal entity you should instead indicate it in question 3 by selecting 'Not currently operational' and then choosing the applicable reason and providing the legal name of this other entity along with any other requested information.

Operating Name

The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

  • Legal name
  • Operating name (if applicable)

2. Verify or provide the contact information of the designated business or organization contact person for this questionnaire and correct where needed.

Note: The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire.

  • First name
  • Last name
  • Title
  • Preferred language of communication
    • English
    • French
  • Mailing address (number and street)
  • City
  • Province, territory or state
  • Postal code or ZIP code
  • Country
    • Canada
    • United States
  • Email address
  • Telephone number (including area code)
  • Extension number (if applicable)
    The maximum number of characters is 10.
  • Fax number (including area code)

3. Verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

  • Operational
  • Not currently operational
    Why is this business or organization not currently operational?
    • Seasonal operations
      • When did this business or organization close for the season?
        • Date
      • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
        • Date
    • Ceased operations
      • When did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Date
      • Why did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Bankruptcy
        • Liquidation
        • Dissolution
        • Other - Specify the other reasons for ceased operations
    • Sold operations
      • When was this business or organization sold?
        • Date
      • What is the legal name of the buyer?
    • Amalgamated with other businesses or organizations
      • When did this business or organization amalgamate?
        • Date
      • What is the legal name of the resulting or continuing business or organization?
      • What are the legal names of the other amalgamated businesses or organizations?
    • Temporarily inactive but will re-open
      • When did this business or organization become temporarily inactive?
        • Date
      • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
        • Date
      • Why is this business or organization temporarily inactive?
    • No longer operating due to other reasons
      • When did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Date
      • Why did this business or organization cease operations?

4. Verify or provide the current main activity of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

Note: The described activity was assigned using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

This question verifies the business or organization's current main activity as classified by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. Created against the background of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is designed to provide common definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three economies. NAICS is based on supply-side or production-oriented principles, to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS, are suitable for the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.

The target entity for which NAICS is designed are businesses and other organizations engaged in the production of goods and services. They include farms, incorporated and unincorporated businesses and government business enterprises. They also include government institutions and agencies engaged in the production of marketed and non-marketed services, as well as organizations such as professional associations and unions and charitable or non-profit organizations and the employees of households.

The associated NAICS should reflect those activities conducted by the business or organizational units targeted by this questionnaire only, as identified in the 'Answering this questionnaire' section and which can be identified by the specified legal and operating name. The main activity is the activity which most defines the targeted business or organization's main purpose or reason for existence. For a business or organization that is for-profit, it is normally the activity that generates the majority of the revenue for the entity.

The NAICS classification contains a limited number of activity classifications; the associated classification might be applicable for this business or organization even if it is not exactly how you would describe this business or organization's main activity.

Please note that any modifications to the main activity through your response to this question might not necessarily be reflected prior to the transmitting of subsequent questionnaires and as a result they may not contain this updated information.

The following is the detailed description including any applicable examples or exclusions for the classification currently associated with this business or organization.

Description and examples

  • This is the current main activity
    • Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's main activity
    • e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development
  • This is not the current main activity

Main activity

5. You indicated that is not the current main activity.

Was this business or organization's main activity ever classified as:?

  • Yes
    • When did the main activity change?
      Date
  • No

6. Search and select the industry classification code that best corresponds to this business or organization's main activity.

How to search:

  • if desired, you can filter the search results by first selecting this business or organization's activity sector
  • enter keywords or a brief description that best describes this business or organization main activity
  • press the Search button to search the database for an activity that best matches the keywords or description you provided
  • then select an activity from the list.

Select this business or organization's activity sector (optional)

  • Farming or logging operation
  • Construction company or general contractor
  • Manufacturer
  • Wholesaler
  • Retailer
  • Provider of passenger or freight transportation
  • Provider of investment, savings or insurance products
  • Real estate agency, real estate brokerage or leasing company
  • Provider of professional, scientific or technical services
  • Provider of health care or social services
  • Restaurant, bar, hotel, motel or other lodging establishment
  • Other sector

Enter keywords or a brief description, then press the Search button

Additional reporting instructions

1. Throughout this questionnaire, please report financial information in thousands of Canadian dollars.

For example, an amount of $763,880.25 should be reported as: 764, CAN$ '000

I will report in the format above

Reporting period

1. What is the end date of this business's fiscal year?

Note: For this survey, this business's fiscal year end date should fall on or before March 31, 2022.

Here are some examples of fiscal periods that fall within the targeted dates:

  • May 1, 2020 to April 30, 2021
  • July 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021
  • October 1, 2020 to September 30, 2021
  • January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021
  • February 1, 2021 to January 31, 2022
  • April 1, 2021 to March 31, 2022

Fiscal Year-End date

This fiscal year will be referred to as 2021 throughout the questionnaire

Business status

2. What is this business's GST number (9-digit business number)?

GST number (9-digit business number)

In-house research and development ( R&D ) expenditures

Before you begin, differences between Scientific Research and Experimental Development (SR&ED) tax incentive program and this survey

Include the following expenditures in this survey:

  • capital R&D expenditures
  • R&D expenditures in the social sciences and humanities
  • payments for R&D performed by other organizations outside Canada.

Definitions for this survey

'In-house R&D ' refers to
Expenditures within Canada for R&D performed within this business by:

  • employees (permanent, temporary or casual)
  • self-employed individuals or contractors who are working on-site on this business's R&D projects.

'Outsourced R&D ' refers to
Payments made within or outside Canada to other businesses, organizations or individuals to fund R&D performance:

  • grants
  • fellowships
  • contracts.

In-house research and development ( R&D ) expenditures

3. In 2021, did this business have expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada?

Exclude payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 9.

In-house refers to R&D which is performed on-site or within the business's establishment. Exclude R&D expenses performed by other companies or organizations. A later question will collect these data.

Research and experimental development ( R&D ) comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge - including knowledge of humankind, culture and society - and to devise new applications of available knowledge.

R&D is performed in the natural sciences, engineering, social sciences and humanities. There are three types of R&D activities: basic research, applied research and experimental development.

Research work in the social sciences

Include if projects are employing new or significantly different modelling techniques or developing new formulae, analyzing data not previously available or applying new research techniques, development of community strategies for disease prevention, or health education.

Exclude:

  • routine analytical projects using standard techniques and existing data
  • routine market research
  • routine statistical analysis intended for on-going monitoring of an activity.
    • Yes
    • No

4. In 2021, what were this business's expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada?

Exclude payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 9.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

In-house R&D expenditures are composed of current in-house R&D expenditures and capital in-house R&D expenditures.

Current in-house R&D expenditures

Include:

  • wages, salaries, benefits and fringe benefits, materials and supplies
  • services to support R&D, including on-site R&D consultants and contractors
  • necessary background literature
  • minor scientific equipment
  • associated administrative overhead costs.

a. Wages, salaries of permanent, temporary and casual R&D employees

Include benefits and fringe benefits of employees engaged in R&D activities. Benefits and fringe benefits include bonus payments, holiday or vacation pay, pension fund contributions, other social security payments, payroll taxes, etc.

b. Services to support R&D

Include:

  • payments to on-site R&D consultants and contractors working under the direct control of your business
  • other services including indirect services purchased to support in-house R&D such as security, storage, repair, maintenance and use of buildings and equipment
  • computer services, software licensing fees and dissemination of R&D findings.

c. R&D materials

Include:

  • water, fuel, gas and electricity
  • materials for creation of prototypes
  • reference materials (books, journals, etc.)
  • subscriptions to libraries and data bases, memberships to scientific societies, etc.
  • cost of outsourced (contracted out or granted) small R&D prototypes or R&D models
  • materials for laboratories (chemicals, animal, etc.)
  • all other R&D -related materials.

d. All other current R&D costs including overhead

Include administrative and overhead costs (e.g., office, lease/rent, post and telecommunications, internet, legal expenditures, insurance), prorated if necessary to allow for non- R&D activities within the business.

Exclude:

  • interest charges
  • value-added taxes (goods and services tax (GST) or harmonized sales tax (HST)).

Capital in-house expenditures are the annual gross amount paid for the acquisition of fixed assets that are used repeatedly, or continuously in the performance of R&D for more than one year. Report capital in-house expenditures in full for the period when they occurred.

Include costs for software, land, buildings and structures, equipment, machinery and other capital costs.

Exclude capital depreciation.

e. Software

Include applications and systems software (original, customized and off-the-shelf software), supporting documentation and other software-related acquisitions.

f. Land acquired for R&D including testing grounds, sites for laboratories and pilot plants.

g. Buildings and structures that are constructed or purchased for R&D activities or that have undergone major improvements, modifications, renovations and repairs for R&D activities.

h. Equipment, machinery and all other capital

Include major equipment, machinery and instruments, including embedded software, acquired for R&D activities.

In 2021, what were this business's expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
2021 - Current in-house R&D expenditures within Canada  
Wages, salaries of permanent, temporary and casual R&D employees
Include fringe benefits.		  
Services to support R&D
Include services of self-employed individuals or contractors who are working on-site on this business's R&D projects.
Exclude contracted out or granted expenditures to other organizations to perform R&D (report in question 9).		  
R&D materials  
All other current R&D costs
Include overhead costs.		  
2021 - Total current in-house R&D expenditures within Canada  
2021 - Capital in-house R&D expenditures within Canada  
Software
Exclude capital depreciation.		  
Land
Exclude capital depreciation.		  
Buildings and structures
Exclude capital depreciation.		  
Equipment, machinery and all other capital
Exclude capital depreciation.		  
2021 - Total capital in-house R&D expenditures within Canada  
2021 - Total in-house R&D expenditures within Canada  

5. In 2022 and 2023, does this business plan to have expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada?

Exclude payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 11.

Select all that apply

In-house R&D expenditures are composed of current in-house R&D expenditures and capital in-house R&D expenditures.

Research and experimental development ( R&D ) comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge - including knowledge of humankind, culture and society - and to devise new applications of available knowledge

Inclusions

Prototypes
Include design, construction and operation of prototypes, provided that the primary objective is to make further improvements or to undertake technical testing.
Exclude if the prototype is for commercial purposes.

Clinical Trials
Include clinical trial phases 1, 2, and 3. Include clinical trial phase 4 only if it brings about a further scientific or technological advance.

Pilot plants
Include construction and operation of pilot plants, provided that the primary objective is to make further improvements or to undertake technical testing.
Exclude if the pilot plant is intended to be operated for commercial purposes.

New computer software or significant improvements/modifications to existing computer software
Includes technological or scientific advances in theoretical computer sciences; operating systems e.g., improvement in interface management, developing new operating system of converting an existing operating system to a significantly different hardware environment; programming languages; and applications if a significant technological change occurs.

Contracts
Include all contracts which require R&D. For contracts which include other work, report only the R&D costs.

Research work in the social sciences
Include if projects are employing new or significantly different modelling techniques or developing new formulae, analyzing data not previously available or applying new research techniques, development of community strategies for disease prevention, analysis of the effectiveness of health interventions, or health education.

Exclusions

Routine analysis in the social sciences including policy-related studies, management studies and efficiency studies
Exclude analytical projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies, principles and models of the related social sciences to bear on a particular problem (e.g., commentary on the probable economic effects of a change in the tax structure, using existing economic data; use of standard techniques in applied psychology to select and classify industrial and military personnel, students, etc., and to test children with reading or other disabilities).

Consumer surveys, advertising, market research
Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for commercialization of the results of R&D.

Routine quality control and testing
Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies not intended to create new knowledge, even if carried out by personnel normally engaged in R&D.

Pre-production activities such as demonstration of commercial viability, tooling up, trial production, trouble shooting
Although R&D may be required as a result of these steps, these activities are excluded.

Prospecting, exploratory drilling, development of mines, oil or gas wells
Include only if for R&D projects concerned with new equipment or techniques in these activities, such as in-situ and tertiary recovery research.

Engineering
Exclude engineering unless it is in direct support of R&D.

Design and drawing
Exclude design and drawing unless it is in direct support of R&D.

Patent and licence work
Exclude all administrative and legal work connected with patents and licences.

Cosmetic modifications or style changes to existing products
Exclude if no significant technical improvement or modification to the existing products has occurred.

General purpose or routine data collection
Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for on-going monitoring of an activity.

Routine computer programming, systems maintenance or software application
Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended to support on-going operations.

Routine mathematical or statistical analysis or operations analysis
Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for on-going monitoring of an activity.

Activities associated with standards compliance
Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended to support standards compliance.

Specialized routine medical care such as routine pathology services
Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for on-going monitoring of an activity where results do not further scientific, technological advance, or understanding of the effectiveness of a technology.

  • In 2022
  • In 2023
  • No planned in-house R&D expenditures

6. In 2022, what are this business's planned expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada?

Exclude payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 11.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

In 2022, what are this business's planned expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
2022 - Total current in-house R&D expenditures within Canada  
2022 - Total capital in-house R&D expenditures within Canada  

7. In 2023, what are this business's planned expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada?

Exclude payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 11.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

In 2023, what are this business's planned expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
2023 - Total current in-house R&D expenditures within Canada  
2023 - Total capital in-house R&D expenditures within Canada  

Outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures

8. In 2021, did this business have outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures within Canada or outside Canada?

Include:

  • funding or grants provided to other organizations to perform R&D
  • contracted out expenditures for R&D.

Exclude services of self-employed individuals or contractors who are working on-site on this business's R&D projects, which should be reported in question 4.

Select all that apply.

Outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures are payments made through contracts, grants and fellowships to another company, organization or individual to purchase R&D activities.

  • Within Canada
  • Outside Canada
  • No payment made to others to perform R&D

9. In 2021, what were this business's outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures within Canada or outside Canada?

Include:

  • funding or grants provided to other organizations to perform R&D
  • contracted out expenditures for R&D.

Exclude services of self-employed individuals or contractors who are working on-site on this business's R&D projects, which should be reported in question 4.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Include payments made through contracts, grants, donations and fellowships to another company, organization or individual to purchase or fund R&D activities.

Exclude expenditures for on-site R&D contractors.

Parent and subsidiary companies are companies connected to each other through majority ownership of the subsidiary company by the parent company. Affiliated companies are companies connected to a parent through minority ownership of the affiliated companies by the parent.

Companies include all incorporated for-profit businesses and government business enterprises providing products in the market at market rates.

Private non-profit organizations include voluntary health organizations, private philanthropic foundations, associations, consortia, accelerators, and societies and research institutes. They are not-for-profit organizations that serve the public interest by supporting activities related to public welfare (such as health, education, the environment).

Industrial research institutes or associations include all non-profit organizations that serve the business sector, with industrial associations frequently consisting of their membership.

Universities include hospitals and clinics when they are affiliated with a university and provide education services or when R&D activity is under the direct control of a university.

Federal government includes all federal government departments and agencies. It excludes federal government business enterprises providing products in the market.

Provincial or territorial governments include all provincial or territorial government ministries, departments and agencies. It excludes provincial or territorial government business enterprises providing products in the market.

Provincial or territorial research organizations are organizations created under provincial or territorial law which conduct or facilitate research on behalf of the province or territory.

Other organizations - individuals, non-university educational institutions, for profit accelerators and incubators, foreign governments including ministries, departments and agencies of foreign governments.

In 2021, what were this business's outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures within Canada or outside Canada?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  Within Canada
CAN$ '000		 Outside Canada
CAN$ '000
Parent, affiliated and subsidiary companies    
Other companies    
Private non-profit organizations    
Industrial research institutes or associations    
Hospitals    
Universities    
Federal government departments and agencies    
Provincial or territorial government departments, ministries and agencies    
Provincial or territorial research organizations    
Other organizations e.g., individuals, non-university educational institutions, foreign governments    
2021 - Total outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures    

10. In 2022 and 2023, does this business plan to outsource (contract out or grant) R&D expenditures within Canada or outside Canada?

Include:

  • funding or grants provided to other organizations to perform R&D
  • contracted out expenditures for R&D.

Exclude services of self-employed individuals or contractors who are working on-site on this business's R&D projects, which should be reported in questions 6 and 7.

Select all that apply.

Outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures are payments made through contracts, grants and fellowships to another company, organization or individual to purchase R&D activities.

  • In 2022
  • In 2023
  • No planned payments to others to perform R&D

11. In 2022 and 2023, what are this business's planned outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures within Canada or outside Canada?

Include:

  • funding or grants provided to other organizations to perform R&D
  • contracted out expenditures for R&D.

Exclude services of self-employed individuals or contractors who are working on-site on this business's R&D projects, which should be reported in questions 6 and 7.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Include payments made through contracts, licenses,grants, donations, endowments and fellowships to another company, university, hospital, consortia, organization or individual to purchase or fund R&D activities.

Exclude expenditures for on-site R&D contractors.

In 2022 and 2023, what are this business's planned outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures within Canada or outside Canada?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  Within Canada
CAN$ '000		 Outside Canada
CAN$ '000
a. 2022    
b. 2023    

12. In-house and Outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures from 2021 to 2023

12. Summary of total R&D expenditures from 2021 to 2023

12. Summary of total R&D expenditures from 2021 to 2023
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  2021
CAN$ '000		 2022
CAN$ '000		 2023
CAN$ '000
Total current in-house R&D expenditures within Canada      
Total capital in-house R&D expenditures within Canada      
Total in-house R&D expenditures within Canada      
Total outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures      
Total R&D expenditures      

Geographic distribution of in-house R&D expenditures within Canada in 2021

13. In 2021, in which provinces or territories did this business have expenditures for R&D performed in-house?

Exclude:

  • payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 9
  • capital depreciation.

Select all that apply.

  • Newfoundland and Labrador
  • Prince Edward Island
  • Nova Scotia
  • New Brunswick
  • Quebec
  • Ontario
  • Manitoba
  • Saskatchewan
  • Alberta
  • British Columbia
  • Yukon
  • Northwest Territories
  • Nunavut

14. In 2021, how were this business's total expenditures for R&D performed in-house distributed by province or territory?

Exclude:

  • payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 9
  • capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

For in-house R&D activities on federal lands, please include in the closest province or territory.

In 2021, how were this business's total expenditures for R&D performed in-house distributed by province or territory?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  Current in-house R&D expenditures
CAN$ '000		 Capital in-house R&D expenditures
CAN$ '000
Newfoundland and Labrador    
Prince Edward Island    
Nova Scotia    
New Brunswick    
Quebec    
Ontario    
Manitoba    
Saskatchewan    
Alberta    
British Columbia    
Yukon    
Northwest Territories    
Nunavut    
2021 - Total current and capital in-house R&D expenditures    
2021 - Total current and capital in-house R&D expenditures previously reported from question 4    

Sources of funds for in-house R&D expenditures in 2021

15. In 2021, what were the sources of funds for this business's total expenditures for R&D performed in-house?

Include Canadian and foreign sources.

Exclude:

  • payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 9.
  • capital depreciation.

Select all that apply.

Funds from this business
Amount contributed by this business to R&D performed within Canada (include amounts eligible for income tax purposes, e.g., Scientific Research and Experimental Development ( SR-ED ) program, other amounts spent for projects not claimed through SR-ED, and funds for land, buildings, machinery and equipment (capital expenditures) purchased for R&D ).

Funds from parent, affiliated and subsidiary companies
Amount received from parent, affiliated and subsidiary companies used to perform R&D within Canada (include amounts eligible for income tax purposes, e.g., Scientific Research and Experimental Development ( SR-ED ) program, other amounts spent for projects not claimed through SR-ED, and funds for land, buildings, machinery and equipment (capital expenditures) purchased for R&D ).

R&D contract work for other companies
Funds received from other companies to perform R&D on their behalf.

Federal government grants or funding
Grants or funds received from the federal government in support of R&D activities not connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

Federal government contracts
Funds received from the federal government in support of R&D activities connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

Provincial or territorial government grants or funding
Grants or funds received from the provincial or territorial government in support of R&D activities not connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

Provincial or territorial government contracts
Funds received from the provincial or territorial government in support of R&D activities connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

R&D contract work for private non-profit organizations
Funds received from non-profit organizations to perform R&D on their behalf.

Other sources
Funds received from all other sources not previously classified.

  • Funds from this business
    Include interest payments, other income and funding or tax credits from tax incentives.
  • Funds from parent, affiliated and subsidiary companies
  • Federal government grants or funding
    Include R&D grants or funding or R&D portion only of other grants or funding.
  • Federal government contracts
    Include R&D contracts or R&D portion only of other contracts.
  • R&D contract work for other companies
  • Provincial or territorial government grants or funding
    Include R&D grants or funding or R&D portion only of other grants or funding.
  • From which province or territory did this business receive provincial or territorial government R&D grants or funding?
    Select all that apply.
    • Newfoundland and Labrador
    • Prince Edward Island
    • Nova Scotia
    • New Brunswick
    • Quebec
    • Ontario
    • Manitoba
    • Saskatchewan
    • Alberta
    • British Columbia
    • Yukon
    • Northwest Territories
    • Nunavut
  • Provincial or territorial government contracts
    Include R&D contracts or R&D portion only of other contracts.
  • From which province or territory did this business receive provincial or territorial government R&D contracts?
    Select all that apply.
    • Newfoundland and Labrador
    • Prince Edward Island
    • Nova Scotia
    • New Brunswick
    • Quebec
    • Ontario
    • Manitoba
    • Saskatchewan
    • Alberta
    • British Columbia
    • Yukon
    • Northwest Territories
    • Nunavut
  • R&D contract work for private non-profit organizations
  • Other sources -e.g., universities, foreign governments, individuals

16. In 2021, what were the sources of funds for this business's total expenditures of $ [Amount] for R&D performed in-house?

Exclude:

  • payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 9
  • capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Funds from this business
Amount contributed by this business to R&D performed within Canada (include amounts eligible for income tax purposes, e.g., Scientific Research and Experimental Development ( SR-ED ) program, other amounts spent for projects not claimed through SR-ED, and funds for land, buildings, machinery and equipment (capital expenditures) purchased for R&D ).

Funds from parent, affiliated and subsidiary companies
Amount received from parent, affiliated and subsidiary companies used to perform R&D within Canada (include amounts eligible for income tax purposes, e.g., Scientific Research and Experimental Development ( SR-ED ) program, other amounts spent for projects not claimed through SR-ED, and funds for land, buildings, machinery and equipment (capital expenditures) purchased for R&D ).

R&D contract work for other companies
Funds received from other companies to perform R&D on their behalf.

Federal government grants or funding
Grants or funds received from the federal government in support of R&D activities not connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

Federal government contracts
Funds received from the federal government in support of R&D activities connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

Provincial or territorial government grants or funding
Grants or funds received from the provincial or territorial government in support of R&D activities not connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

Provincial or territorial government contracts
Funds received from the provincial or territorial government in support of R&D activities connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

R&D contract work for private non-profit organizations
Funds received from non-profit organizations to perform R&D on their behalf.

Other sources
Funds received from all other sources not previously classified.

In 2021, what were the sources of funds for this business's total expenditures of $ [Amount] for R&D performed in-house?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  From within Canada
CAN$ '000		 From outside Canada
CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Include interest payments, other income and funding or tax credits from tax incentives.		    
Funds from parent, affiliated and subsidiary companies    
Federal government grants or funding
Include R&D grants or funding or R&D portion only of other grants or funding.		    
Federal government contracts
Include R&D contracts or R&D portion only of other contracts.		    
R&D contract work for other companies
Business 1
GST number (9-digit business number (BN) or charitable registration number)
Legal name		    
Business 2
GST number (9-digit business number (BN) or charitable registration number)
Legal name		    
Business 3
GST number (9-digit business number (BN) or charitable registration number)
Legal name		    
Business 4
GST number (9-digit business number (BN) or charitable registration number)
Legal name		    
Other contracts not listed above    
Provincial or territorial government grants or funding
Include R&D grants or funding or R&D portion only of other grants or funding.
Newfoundland and Labrador    
Prince Edward Island    
Nova Scotia    
New Brunswick    
Quebec    
Ontario    
Manitoba    
Saskatchewan    
Alberta    
British Columbia    
Yukon    
Northwest Territories    
Nunavut    
Provincial or territorial government contracts
Include R&D contracts or R&D portion only of other contracts.
Newfoundland and Labrador    
Prince Edward Island    
Nova Scotia    
New Brunswick    
Quebec    
ab. Ontario    
ac. Manitoba    
ad. Saskatchewan    
ae. Alberta    
af. British Columbia    
ag. Yukon    
ah. Northwest Territories    
ai. Nunavut    
R&D contract work for private non-profit organizations 
aj. Organization 1
GST number (9-digit business number (BN) or charitable registration number)
Legal name		    
ak. Organization 2
GST number (9-digit business number (BN) or charitable registration number)
Legal name		    
al. Organization 3
GST number (9-digit business number (BN) or charitable registration number)
Legal name		    
am. Other sources
e.g., universities, foreign governments, individuals		    
2021 - Total in-house R&D expenditures by sources of funds by origin    
2021 - Total in-house R&D expenditures (Canadian and foreign sources)    
Total in-house R&D expenditures previously reported from question 4    

Fields of R&D for in-house R&D expenditures within Canada in 2021

17. In 2021, in which field(s) of research and development did this business have R&D performed in-house within Canada?
Exclude:

  • payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 9
  • capital depreciation.

Select all that apply.

Natural and formal sciences: physical sciences, chemical sciences, earth and related environmental sciences, biological sciences, other natural sciences.

Engineering and technology: civil engineering, electrical engineering, electronic engineering and communications technology, mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, materials engineering, medical engineering, environmental engineering, environmental biotechnology, industrial biotechnology, nanotechnology, other engineering and technologies.

Software-related sciences and technology: software engineering and technology, computer sciences, information technology and bioinformatics.

Medical and health sciences: basic medicine, clinical medicine, health sciences, medical biotechnology, other medical sciences.

Agricultural sciences: agriculture, forestry and fisheries sciences, animal and dairy sciences, veterinary sciences, agricultural biotechnology, other agricultural sciences.

Social sciences and humanities: psychology, educational sciences, economics and business, other social sciences, humanities.

  • Natural and formal sciences
    Exclude computer sciences, information sciences and bioinformatics.
  • Engineering and technology
    Exclude software engineering and technology.
  • Software-related sciences and technology
  • Medical and health sciences
  • Agricultural sciences
  • Social sciences and humanities

18. In 2021, how were this business's total expenditures of $ [Amount] for R&D performed in-house within Canada distributed by field(s) of research and development?

Exclude:

  • payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 9
  • capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Natural and formal sciences

Mathematics: pure mathematics, applied mathematics, statistics and probability.

Physical sciences: atomic, molecular and chemical physics, interaction with radiation, magnetic resonances, condensed matter physics, solid state physics and superconductivity, particles and fields physics, nuclear physics, fluids and plasma physics (including surface physics), optics (including laser optics and quantum optics), acoustics, astronomy (including astrophysics, space science).

Chemical sciences: organic chemistry, inorganic and nuclear chemistry, physical chemistry, polymer science and plastics, electrochemistry (dry cells, batteries, fuel cells, metal corrosion, electrolysis), colloid chemistry, analytical chemistry.

Earth and related environmental sciences: geosciences, geophysics, mineralogy and palaeontology, geochemistry and geophysics, physical geography, geology and volcanology, environmental sciences, meteorology, atmospheric sciences and climatic research, oceanography, hydrology and water resources.

Biological sciences: cell biology, microbiology and virology, biochemistry, molecular biology and biochemical research, mycology, biophysics, genetics and heredity (medical genetics under medical biotechnology), reproductive biology (medical aspects under medical biotechnology), developmental biology, plant sciences and botany, zoology, ornithology, entomology and behavioural sciences biology, marine biology, freshwater biology and limnology, ecology and biodiversity conservation, biology (theoretical, thermal, cryobiology, biological rhythm), evolutionary biology.

Other natural sciences: other natural sciences.

Engineering and technology

Civil engineering: civil engineering, architecture engineering, municipal and structural engineering, transport engineering.

Electrical engineering, electronic engineering and communications technology: electrical and electronic engineering, robotics and automatic control, micro-electronics, semiconductors, automation and control systems, communication engineering and systems, telecommunications, computer hardware and architecture.

Mechanical engineering: mechanical engineering, applied mechanics, thermodynamics, aerospace engineering, nuclear-related engineering (nuclear physics under Physical sciences), acoustical engineering, reliability analysis and non-destructive testing, automotive and transportation engineering and manufacturing, tooling, machinery and equipment engineering and manufacturing, heating, ventilation and air conditioning engineering and manufacturing.

Chemical engineering: chemical engineering (plants, products), chemical process engineering.

Materials engineering: materials engineering and metallurgy, ceramics, coating and films (including packaging and printing), plastics, rubber and composites (including laminates and reinforced plastics), paper and wood and textiles, construction materials (organic and inorganic).

Medical engineering: medical and biomedical engineering, medical laboratory technology (excluding biomaterials which should be reported under Industrial biotechnology).

Environmental engineering: environmental and geological engineering, petroleum engineering (fuel, oils), energy and fuels, remote sensing, mining and mineral processing, marine engineering, sea vessels and ocean engineering.

Environmental biotechnology: environmental biotechnology, bioremediation, diagnostic biotechnologies in environmental management (DNA chips and bio-sensing devices).

Industrial biotechnology: industrial biotechnology, bioprocessing technologies, biocatalysis and fermentation bioproducts (products that are manufactured using biological material as feedstock), biomaterials (bioplastics, biofuels, bio-derived bulk and fine chemicals, bio-derived materials).

Nanotechnology: nano-materials (production and properties), nano-processes (applications on nano-scale).

Other engineering and technologies: food and beverages, oenology, other engineering and technologies.

Software-related sciences and technologies

Software engineering and technology: computer software engineering, computer software technology, and other related computer software engineering and technologies.

Computer sciences: computer science, artificial intelligence, cryptography, and other related computer sciences.

Information technology and bioinformatics: information technology, informatics, bioinformatics, biomathematics, and other related information technologies.

Medical and health sciences

Basic medicine: anatomy and morphology (plant science under Biological science), human genetics, immunology, neurosciences, pharmacology and pharmacy and medicinal chemistry, toxicology, physiology and cytology, pathology.

Clinical medicine: andrology, obstetrics and gynaecology, paediatrics, cardiac and cardiovascular systems, haematology, anaesthesiology, orthopaedics, radiology and nuclear medicine, dentistry, oral surgery and medicine, dermatology, venereal diseases and allergy, rheumatology, endocrinology and metabolism and gastroenterology, urology and nephrology, and oncology.

Health sciences: health care sciences and nursing, nutrition and dietetics, parasitology, infectious diseases and epidemiology, occupational health.

Medical biotechnology: health-related biotechnology, technologies involving the manipulation of cells, tissues, organs or the whole organism, technologies involving identifying the functioning of DNA, proteins and enzymes, pharmacogenomics, gene-based therapeutics, biomaterials (related to medical implants, devices, sensors).

Other medical sciences: forensic science, other medical sciences.

Other medical sciences: forensic science, other medical sciences.

Agricultural sciences

Agriculture, forestry and fisheries sciences: agriculture, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, soil science, horticulture, viticulture, agronomy, plant breeding and plant protection.

Animal and dairy sciences: animal and dairy science, animal husbandry.

Veterinary sciences: veterinary science (all).

Agricultural biotechnology: agricultural biotechnology and food biotechnology, genetically modified (GM) organism technology and livestock cloning, diagnostics (DNA chips and biosensing devices), biomass feedstock production technologies and biopharming.

Other agricultural sciences: other agricultural sciences.

Social sciences and humanities

Psychology: cognitive psychology and psycholinguistics, experimental psychology, psychometrics and quantitative psychology, and other fields of psychology.

Educational sciences: education, training and other related educational sciences.

Economics and business: micro-economics, macro-economics, econometrics, labour economics, financial economics, business economics, entrepreneurial and business administration, management and operations, management sciences, finance, pharmacoeconomics, and all other related fields of economics and business.

Other social sciences: anthropology (social and cultural) and ethnology, demography, geography (human, economic and social), planning (town, city and country), management, organisation and methods (excluding market research unless new methods/techniques are developed), law, linguistics, political sciences, sociology, miscellaneous social sciences and interdisciplinary, and methodological and historical science and technology activities relating to subjects in this group.

Humanities: history (history, prehistory and history, together with auxiliary historical disciplines such as archaeology, numismatics, palaeography, genealogy, etc.), languages and literature (ancient and modern), other humanities (philosophy (including the history of science and technology)), arts (history of art, art criticism, painting, sculpture, musicology, dramatic art excluding artistic "research" of any kind), religion, theology, other fields and subjects pertaining to the humanities, and methodological, historical and other science and technology activities relating to the subjects in this group.

In 2021, how were this business's total expenditures of $ [Amount] for R&D performed in-house within Canada distributed by field(s) of research and development?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Natural and formal sciences
Mathematics  
Physical sciences  
Chemical sciences  
Earth and related environmental sciences  
Biological sciences  
Other natural sciences  
Total natural and formal sciences  
Engineering and technology
Exclude: software engineering and technology (to be reported at line r.)
Civil engineering  
Electrical engineering, electronic engineering and communications technology  
Mechanical engineering  
Chemical engineering  
Materials engineering  
Medical engineering  
Environmental engineering  
Environmental biotechnology  
Industrial biotechnology  
Nanotechnology  
Other engineering and technologies  
Total engineering and technology  
Software-related sciences and technology
Software engineering and technology  
Computer sciences  
Information technology and bioinformatics  
Total software-related sciences and technology  
Medical and health sciences
Basic medicine  
Clinical medicine  
Health sciences  
Medical biotechnology  
Other medical sciences  
Total medical and health sciences  
Agricultural sciences
Agriculture, forestry and fisheries sciences  
Animal and dairy sciences  
ab. Veterinary sciences  
ac. Agricultural biotechnology  
ad. Other agricultural sciences  
Total agricultural sciences  
Social sciences and humanities
ae. Psychology  
af. Educational sciences  
ag. Economics and business  
ah. Other social sciences  
ai. Humanities  
Total social sciences and humanities  
2021 - Total in-house R&D expenditures within Canada by field of research and development  
Total in-house R&D expenditures previously reported from question 4  
   

19. Summary of 2021 total in-house R&D expenditures within Canada distributed by field(s) of research and development.

19. Summary of 2021 total in-house R&D expenditures within Canada distributed by field(s) of research and development.
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Total natural and formal sciences  
Total engineering and technology  
Total software-related sciences and technology  
Total medical and health sciences  
Total agricultural sciences  
Total social sciences and humanities  
Total in-house R&D expenditures within Canada by fields of research and development  

Nature of R&D for in-house R&D expenditures within Canada in 2021

20. In 2021, how were this business's total expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada of $ [Amount] distributed by nature of R&D?

Basic research is experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundation of phenomena and observable facts, without any particular application or use in view.

Applied research is original investigation undertaken in order to acquire new knowledge. It is, however, directed primarily towards a specific, practical aim or objective.

Experimental development is systematic work, drawing on knowledge gained from research and practical experience and producing additional knowledge, which is directed to producing new products or processes or to improving existing products or processes.
(OECD. Frascati Manual: Proposed Standard for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development, 2015)

In 2021, how were this business's total expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada of $ [Amount] distributed by nature of R&D?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  Percentage of total in-house R&D expenditures
Basic research  
Applied research  
Experimental development  
Total percentage  

Results of R&D expenditures from 2019 to 2021

21. During the three (3) years 2019, 2020 and 2021, did this business's total expenditures for R&D performed in-house and outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada or outside Canada lead to new or significant improvements to the following?

Goods
Goods developed through new knowledge from research discoveries include determination of effectiveness of existing treatment protocols, establishment of new treatment protocols (including diagnostic procedures, tests and protocols), and creation of new service delivery models and reference tools (including electronic applications).

During the three (3) years 2019, 2020 and 2021, did this business's total expenditures for R&D performed in-house and outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada or outside Canada lead to new or significant improvements to the following?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  Yes No
GoodsInclude goods developed through new knowledge from research discoveries    
ServicesInclude on-going knowledge transfer to physicians, first responders, patients and the general public.    
Methods of manufacturing or producing goods and services    
Logistics, delivery or distribution methods for this business's inputs, goods or services    
Supporting activities for this business's processes, such as maintenance systems or operations for purchasing, accounting or computing    

Energy-related R&D by area of technology

22. In 2021, did this business's total in-house and outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures include energy-related R&D in the following categories?

  1. Fossil fuels: crude oils and natural gas exploration, crude oils and natural gas production, oil sands and heavy crude oils surface and sub-surface production and separation of the bitumen, tailings management, refining, processing and upgrading, coal production, separation and processing, transportation of fossil fuels.
  2. Renewable energy resources: solar photovoltaics (PV), solar thermal-power and high-temperature applications, solar heating and cooling, wind energy, bio-energy - biomass production, bio-energy - biomass conversion to fuels, bio-energy - biomass conversion to heat and electricity, and other bio-energy, small hydro (less than 10 MW), large hydro (greater than or equal to 10 MW), other renewable energy.
  3. Nuclear: materials exploration, mining and preparation, tailings management, nuclear reactors, other fission, fusion.
  4. Electric power: generation in utility sector, combined heat and power in industry and in buildings, electricity transmission, distribution and storage of electricity.
  5. Hydrogen and fuel cells: hydrogen production for process applications, hydrogen production for transportation applications, hydrogen transport and storage, other hydrogen, fuel cells, both stationary and mobile.
  6. Energy efficiency: industry, residential and commercial, transportation, other energy efficiency.
  7. Other energy-related technologies: carbon capture, transportation and storage for fossil fuel production and processing, electric power generation, industry in end-use sector, energy systems analysis, all other energy-related technologies.
In 2021, did this business's total in-house and outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures include energy-related R&D in the following categories?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  Yes No
Fossil fuels    
Renewable energy resources    
Nuclear fission and fusion    
Electric power    
Hydrogen and fuel cells    
Energy efficiency    
Other energy-related technologies    

Energy-related R&D by area of technology - Fossil fuels

23. In 2021, did this business's total in-house and outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures include fossil fuels-related R&D in the following categories?

Select all that apply.

Crude oils and natural gas exploration:
Includes development of advanced exploration methods (geophysical, geochemical, seismic, magnetic) for on-shore and off-shore prospecting.

Crude oil and natural gas production (including enhanced recovery) and storage:
Includes on-shore and off-shore deep drilling equipment and techniques for conventional oil and gas, secondary and tertiary recovery of oil and gas, hydro fracturing techniques, processing and cleaning of raw product, storage on remote platforms (e.g., Arctic, off-shore), safety aspects of off-shore platforms.

Oil sands and heavy crude oils surface and sub-surface production and separation of the bitumen, tailings management:
Includes surface and in-situ production (e.g., SAGD), tailings management.

Refining, processing and upgrading:
Includes processing of natural gas to pipeline specifications, and refining of conventional crude oils to refined petroleum products (RPPs), and the upgrading of bitumen and heavy oils either to synthetic crude oil or to RPPs. Upgrading may be done at an oil sands plant, regional merchant upgraders or integrated into a refinery producing RPPs.

Coal production, separation and processing:
Includes coal, lignite and peat exploration, deposit evaluation techniques, mining techniques, separation techniques, coking and blending, other processing such as coal to liquids, underground (in-situ) gasification.

Transportation of fossil fuels:
Includes transport of gaseous, liquid and solid hydrocarbons via pipelines (land and submarine) and their network evaluation, safety aspects of LNG transport and storage.

  • Crude oils and natural gas exploration
  • Crude oils and natural gas production and storage

Include enhanced recovery natural gas production.

  • Oil sands and heavy crude oil surface and sub-surface production and separation of bitumen, tailings management
  • Refining, processing and upgrading of fossil fuels
  • Coal production, separation and processing
  • Transportation of fossil fuels
  • None of the above

Energy-related R&D by area of technology

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for fossil fuels within this reporting unit.

24. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on crude oils and natural gas exploration?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Crude oils and natural gas exploration:

Include development of advanced exploration methods (geophysical, geochemical, seismic, magnetic) for on-shore and off-shore prospecting.

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on crude oils and natural gas exploration?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
Total outsourced R&D  

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for fossil fuels within this reporting unit.

25. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on crude oils and natural gas production and storage?

Include enhanced recovery.

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Crude oil and natural gas production (including enhanced recovery) and storage:

Include on-shore and off-shore deep drilling equipment and techniques for conventional oil and gas, secondary and tertiary recovery of oil and gas, hydro fracturing techniques, processing and cleaning of raw product, storage on remote platforms (e.g., Arctic, off-shore), safety aspects of off-shore platforms.

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on crude oils and natural gas production and storage?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
Total outsourced R&D  

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for fossil fuels within this reporting unit.

26. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on oil sands and heavy crude oil surface and sub-surface production and separation of bitumen, tailings management?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Oil sands and heavy crude oils surface and sub-surface production and separation of the bitumen, tailings management:

Include surface and in-situ production (e.g., SAGD), tailings management.

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on oil sands and heavy crude oil surface and sub-surface production and separation of bitumen, tailings management?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
Total outsourced R&D  

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for fossil fuels within this reporting unit.

27. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on refining, processing and upgrading of fossil fuels?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Refining, processing and upgrading:

Include processing of natural gas to pipeline specifications, and refining of conventional crude oils to refined petroleum products (RPPs), and the upgrading of bitumen and heavy oils either to synthetic crude oil or to RPPs. Upgrading may be done at an oil sands plant, regional merchant upgraders or integrated into a refinery producing RPPs.

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on refining, processing and upgrading of fossil fuels?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
Total outsourced R&D  

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for fossil fuels within this reporting unit.

28. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on coal production, separation and processing?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Coal production, separation and processing:

Include coal, lignite and peat exploration, deposit evaluation techniques, mining techniques, separation techniques, coking and blending, other processing such as coal to liquids, underground (in-situ) gasification.

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on coal production, separation and processing?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
Total outsourced R&D  

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for fossil fuels within this reporting unit.

29. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on transportation of fossil fuels?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Transportation of fossil fuels:

Include transport of gaseous, liquid and solid hydrocarbons via pipelines (land and submarine) and their network evaluation, safety aspects of LNG transport and storage.

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on transportation of fossil fuels?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
Total outsourced R&D  

Energy-related R&D by area of technology - Renewable energy resources

30. In 2021, did this business's total in-house and outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures include renewable energy resources-related R&D in the following categories?

Select all that apply.

Solar photovoltaics (PV):
Include solar cell development, PV-module development, PV-inverter development, building-integrated PV-modules, PV-system development, other.

Solar thermal-power and high-temperature applications:
Include solar chemistry, concentrating collector development, solar thermal power plants, high-temperature applications for heat and power.

Solar heating and cooling:
Include daylighting, passive and active solar heating and cooling, collector development, hot water preparation, combined-space heating, solar architecture, solar drying, solar-assisted ventilation, swimming pool heating, low-temperature process heating, other.

Wind energy:
Include technology development, such as blades, turbines, converters structures, system integration, other.

Bio-energy - Biomass production/supply and transport:
Include improvement of energy crops, research on bio-energy production potential and associated land-use effects, supply and transport of bio-solids, bio-liquids, biogas and bio-derived energy products (e.g., ethanol, biodiesel), compacting and baling, other.

Bio-energy - Biomass conversion to fuels:
Include conventional bio-fuels, cellulosic-derived alcohols, biomass gas-to-liquids, other energy-related products and by-products.

Bio-energy - Biomass conversion to heat and electricity:
Include bio-based heat, electricity and combined heat and power (CHP).
Exclude multi-firing with fossil fuels.

Other bio-energy:
Include recycling and the use of municipal, industrial and agricultural waste as energy not covered elsewhere.

Small hydro - (less than 10 MW):
Include plants with capacity below 10 MW.

Large hydro - (greater than or equal to 10 MW):
Include plants with capacity of 10 MW and above.

Other renewable energy:
Include hot dry rock, hydro-thermal, geothermal heat applications (including agriculture), tidal power, wave energy, ocean current power, ocean thermal power, other.

  • Solar photovoltaics (PV)
  • Solar thermal-power and high-temperature applications
  • Solar heating and cooling
  • Wind energy
  • Bio-energy - biomass production and transportation
  • Bio-energy - biomass conversion to transportation fuel
  • Bio-energy - biomass conversion to heat and electricity
  • Other bio-energy
  • Small hydro (less than 10 MW)
  • Large hydro (greater than or equal to 10 MW)
  • Other renewable energy
    Include ocean and geothermal.
  • None of the above

Energy-related R&D by area of technology

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for renewable energy resources within this reporting unit.

31. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on solar photovoltaics (PV)?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Solar photovoltaics (PV):

Include solar cell development, PV-module development, PV-inverter development, building-integrated PV-modules, PV-system development, other.

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on solar photovoltaics (PV)?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
Total outsourced R&D  

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for renewable energy resources within this reporting unit.

32. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on solar thermal-power and high-temperature applications?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Solar thermal-power and high-temperature applications:

Include solar chemistry, concentrating collector development, solar thermal power plants, high-temperature applications for heat and power.

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on solar thermal-power and high-temperature applications?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
Total outsourced R&D  

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for renewable energy resources within this reporting unit.

33. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on solar heating and cooling?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Solar heating and cooling:

Include daylighting, passive and active solar heating and cooling, collector development, hot water preparation, combined-space heating, solar architecture, solar drying, solar-assisted ventilation, swimming pool heating, low-temperature process heating, other.

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on solar heating and cooling?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business<  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
otal outsourced R&D  

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for renewable energy resources within this reporting unit.

34. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on wind energy?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Wind energy:

Include technology development, such as blades, turbines, converters structures, system integration, other.

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on wind energy?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
Total outsourced R&D  

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for renewable energy resources within this reporting unit.

35. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on bio-energy - biomass production and transport?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Bio-energy - Biomass production/supply and transport:

Include improvement of energy crops, research on bio-energy production potential and associated land-use effects, supply and transport of bio-solids, bio-liquids, biogas and bio-derived energy products (e.g., ethanol, biodiesel), compacting and baling, other.

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on bio-energy - biomass production and transport?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
Total outsourced R&D  

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for renewable energy resources within this reporting unit.

36. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on bio-energy - biomass conversion to transportation fuel?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Bio-energy - Biomass conversion to transportation fuel:

Include conventional bio-fuels, cellulosic-derived alcohols, biomass gas-to-liquids, other energy-related products and by-products.

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on bio-energy - biomass conversion to transportation fuel?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
Total outsourced R&D  

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for renewable energy resources within this reporting unit.

37. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on bio-energy - biomass conversion to heat and electricity?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Bio-energy - Biomass conversion to heat and electricity:

Include bio-based heat, electricity and combined heat and power (CHP).

Exclude multi-firing with fossil fuels.

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on bio-energy - biomass conversion to heat and electricity?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
Total outsourced R&D  

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for renewable energy resources within this reporting unit.

38. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on other bio-energy?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Other bio-energy:

Include recycling and the use of municipal, industrial and agricultural waste as energy not covered elsewhere.

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on other bio-energy?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
Total outsourced R&D  

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for renewable energy resources within this reporting unit.

39. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on small hydro (less than 10 MW)?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Small hydro - (less than 10 MW):

Include plants with capacity below 10 MW.

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on small hydro (less than 10 MW)?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
Total outsourced R&D  

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for renewable energy resources within this reporting unit.

40. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on large hydro (greater than or equal to 10 MW)?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Large hydro - (greater than or equal to 10 MW):

Include plants with capacity of 10 MW or greater.

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on large hydro (greater than or equal to 10 MW)?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
Total outsourced R&D  

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for renewable energy resources within this reporting unit.

41. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on other renewable energy?

Include ocean and geothermal.

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Other renewable energy:

Include hot dry rock, hydro-thermal, geothermal heat applications (including agriculture), tidal power, wave energy, ocean current power, ocean thermal power, other.

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on other renewable energy?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
Total outsourced R&D  

Energy-related R&D by area of technology - Nuclear fission and fusion

42. In 2021, did this business's total in-house and outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures include nuclear fission and fusion-related R&D in the following categories?

Select all that apply.

Exploration, mining and preparation, tailings management:
Include development of advanced exploration methods (geophysical, geochemical) for prospecting, ore surface and in-situ production, uranium and thorium extraction and conversion, enrichment, handling of tailings and remediation.

Nuclear reactors:
Include nuclear reactors of all types and related system components.

Other fission:
Include nuclear safety, environmental protection (emission reduction or avoidance), radiation protection and decommissioning of power plants and related nuclear fuel cycle installations, nuclear waste treatment, disposal and storage, fissile material recycling, fissile materials control, transport of radioactive materials.

Fusion:
Include all types (e.g., magnetic confinement, laser applications).

  • Nuclear materials exploration, mining and preparation, tailings management
  • Nuclear reactors
  • Other fission
  • Fusion
  • None of the above

Energy-related R&D by area of technology

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for nuclear fission and fusion within this reporting unit.

43. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on nuclear materials exploration, mining and preparation, tailings management?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Exploration, mining and preparation, tailings management:

Include development of advanced exploration methods (geophysical, geochemical) for prospecting, ore surface and in-situ production, uranium and thorium extraction and conversion, enrichment, handling of tailings and remediation.

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on nuclear materials exploration, mining and preparation, tailings management?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
Total outsourced R&D  

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for nuclear fission and fusion within this reporting unit.

44. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on nuclear reactors?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Nuclear reactors:

Include nuclear reactors of all types and related system components.

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on nuclear reactors?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
Total outsourced R&D  

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for nuclear fission and fusion within this reporting unit.

45. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on other fission?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Other fission:

Include nuclear safety, environmental protection (emission reduction or avoidance), radiation protection and decommissioning of power plants and related nuclear fuel cycle installations, nuclear waste treatment, disposal and storage, fissile material recycling, fissile materials control, transport of radioactive materials.

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on other fission?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
Total outsourced R&D  

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for nuclear fission and fusion within this reporting unit.

46. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on fusion?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Fusion:

Include all types (e.g., magnetic confinement, laser applications).

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on fusion?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
Total outsourced R&D  

Energy-related R&D by area of technology - Electric power

47. In 2021, did this business's total in-house and outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures include electric power-related R&D in the following categories?

Select all that apply.

Electric power generation in utility sector:
Include conventional and non-conventional technology (e.g., pulverised coal, fluidised bed, gasification-combined cycle, supercritical), re-powering, retrofitting, life extensions and upgrading of power plants, generators and components, super-conductivity, magneto hydrodynamic, dry cooling towers, co-firing (e.g., with biomass), air and thermal pollution reduction or avoidance, flue gas cleanup (excluding CO2 removal), CHP (combined heat and power) not covered elsewhere.

Electric power - combined heat and power in industry, buildings:
Include industrial applications, small scale applications for buildings.

Electricity transmission, distribution and storage:
Include solid state power electronics, load management and control systems, network problems, super-conducting cables, AC and DC high voltage cables, HVDC transmission, other transmission and distribution related to integrating distributed and intermittent generating sources into networks, all storage (e.g., batteries, hydro reservoirs, fly wheels), other.

  • Electric power generation in utility sector
  • Electric power - combined heat and power in industry, buildings
  • Electricity transmission, distribution and storage
  • None of the above

Energy-related R&D by area of technology

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for electric power within this reporting unit.

48. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on electric power generation in utility sector?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Electric power generation in utility sector:

Include conventional and non-conventional technology (e.g., pulverised coal, fluidised bed, gasification-combined cycle, supercritical), re-powering, retrofitting, life extensions and upgrading of power plants, generators and components, super-conductivity, magneto hydrodynamic, dry cooling towers, co-firing (e.g., with biomass), air and thermal pollution reduction or avoidance, flue gas cleanup (excluding CO2 removal), CHP (combined heat and power) not covered elsewhere.

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on electric power generation in utility sector?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
Total outsourced R&D  

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for electric power within this reporting unit.

49. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on electric power - combined heat and power in industry, buildings?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Electric power - combined heat and power in industry, buildings:

Include industrial applications, small scale applications for buildings.

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on electric power - combined heat and power in industry, buildings?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
Total outsourced R&D  

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for electric power within this reporting unit.

50. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on electricity transmission, distribution and storage?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Electricity transmission, distribution and storage:

Include solid state power electronics, load management and control systems, network problems, super-conducting cables, AC and DC high voltage cables, HVDC transmission, other transmission and distribution related to integrating distributed and intermittent generating sources into networks, all storage (e.g., batteries, hydro reservoirs, fly wheels), other.

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on electricity transmission, distribution and storage?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
Total outsourced R&D  

Energy-related R&D by area of technology - Hydrogen and fuel cells

51. In 2021, did this business's total in-house and outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures include hydrogen and fuel cells-related R&D in the following categories?

Select all that apply.

Other hydrogen:
Include end uses (e.g., combustion), other infrastructure and systems R&D (refuelling stations).

Stationary fuel cells:
Include electricity generation, other stationary end-use.

Mobile fuel cells:
Include portable applications.

  • Hydrogen production for process applications
  • Hydrogen production for transportation applications
  • Hydrogen transport and storage
  • Other hydrogen
  • Stationary fuel cells
  • Mobile fuel cells
  • None of the above

Energy-related R&D by area of technology

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for hydrogen and fuel cells within this reporting unit.

52. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on hydrogen production for process applications?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on hydrogen production for process applications?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
Total outsourced R&D  

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for hydrogen and fuel cells within this reporting unit.

53. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on hydrogen production for transportation applications?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on hydrogen production for transportation applications?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
Total outsourced R&D  

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for hydrogen and fuel cells within this reporting unit.

54. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on hydrogen transport and storage?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on hydrogen transport and storage?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
Total outsourced R&D  

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for hydrogen and fuel cells within this reporting unit.

55. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on other hydrogen?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Other hydrogen:

Include end uses (e.g., combustion), other infrastructure and systems R&D (refuelling stations).

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on other hydrogen?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
Total outsourced R&D  

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for hydrogen and fuel cells within this reporting unit.

56. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on stationary fuel cells?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Stationary fuel cells:

Include electricity generation, other stationary end-use.

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on stationary fuel cells?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
Total outsourced R&D  

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for hydrogen and fuel cells within this reporting unit.

57. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on mobile fuel cells?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Mobile fuel cells:

Include portable applications.

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on mobile fuel cells?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
Total outsourced R&D  

Energy-related R&D by area of technology - Energy efficiency

58. In 2021, did this business's total in-house and outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures include energy efficiency-related R&D in the following categories?

Select all that apply.

Energy efficiency for industry:
Include reduction of energy consumption through improved use of energy and/or reduction or avoidance of air and other emissions related to the use of energy in industrial systems and processes (excluding bio-energy-related) through the development of new techniques, new processes and new equipment, other.

Energy efficiency for residential, institutional and commercial:
Include space heating and cooling, ventilation and lighting control systems other than solar technologies, low energy housing design and performance other than solar technologies, new insulation and building materials, thermal performance of buildings, domestic appliances, other.

Energy efficiency for transportation:
Include analysis and optimisation of energy consumption in the transport sector, efficiency improvements in light-duty vehicles, heavy-duty vehicles, non-road vehicles, public transport systems, engine-fuel optimisation, use of alternative fuels (liquid and gaseous, other than hydrogen), fuel additives, diesel engines, Stirling motors, electric cars, hybrid cars, air emission reduction, other.

Other energy efficiency:
Include waste heat utilisation (heat maps, process integration, total energy systems, low temperature thermodynamic cycles), district heating, heat pump development, reduction of energy consumption in the agricultural sector.

  • Energy efficiency applications for industry
  • Energy efficiency for residential, institutional and commercial sectors
  • Energy efficiency for transportation
  • Other energy efficiency
  • None of the above

Energy-related R&D by area of technology

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for energy efficiency within this reporting unit.

59. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on energy efficiency applications for industry?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Energy efficiency for industry:

Include reduction of energy consumption through improved use of energy and/or reduction or avoidance of air and other emissions related to the use of energy in industrial systems and processes (excluding bio-energy-related) through the development of new techniques, new processes and new equipment, other.

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on energy efficiency applications for industry?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
Total outsourced R&D  

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for energy efficiency within this reporting unit.

60. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on energy efficiency for residential, institutional and commercial sectors?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Energy efficiency for residential, institutional and commercial:

Include space heating and cooling, ventilation and lighting control systems other than solar technologies, low energy housing design and performance other than solar technologies, new insulation and building materials, thermal performance of buildings, domestic appliances, other.

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on energy efficiency for residential, institutional and commercial sectors?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
Total outsourced R&D  

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for energy efficiency within this reporting unit.

61. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on energy efficiency for transportation?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Energy efficiency for transportation:

Include analysis and optimisation of energy consumption in the transport sector, efficiency improvements in light-duty vehicles, heavy-duty vehicles, non-road vehicles, public transport systems, engine-fuel optimisation, use of alternative fuels (liquid and gaseous, other than hydrogen), fuel additives, diesel engines, Stirling motors, electric cars, hybrid cars, air emission reduction, other.

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on energy efficiency for transportation?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
Total outsourced R&D  

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for energy efficiency within this reporting unit.

62. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on other energy efficiency?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Other energy efficiency:

Include waste heat utilisation (heat maps, process integration, total energy systems, low temperature thermodynamic cycles), district heating, heat pump development, reduction of energy consumption in the agricultural sector.

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on other energy efficiency?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
Total outsourced R&D  

Energy-related R&D by area of technology - Other energy-related technologies

63. In 2021, did this business's total in-house and outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures include other energy-related R&D in the following categories?

Select all that apply.

Carbon capture end-use:
Include industry in the end-use sector, such as steel production, manufacturing, etc. (exclude fossil fuel production and processing and electric power production).

Energy system analysis:
Include system analysis related to energy R&D not covered elsewhere, sociological, economical and environmental impact of energy which are not specifically related to one technology area listed in the sections above.

All other energy technologies:
Include energy technology information dissemination, studies not related to a specific technology area listed above.

  • Carbon capture, transport and storage related to fossil fuel production and processing
  • Carbon capture, transport and storage related to electric power production
  • Carbon capture, transport and storage related to industry in end-use sector
  • Energy system analysis
  • All other energy-related technologies
  • None of the above

Energy-related R&D by area of technology

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for other energy-related technologies within this reporting unit.

64. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on carbon capture, transport and storage related to fossil fuel production and processing?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on carbon capture, transport and storage related to fossil fuel production and processing?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
Total outsourced R&D  

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for other energy-related technologies within this reporting unit.

65. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on carbon capture, transport and storage related to electric power production?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on carbon capture, transport and storage related to electric power production?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
Total outsourced R&D  

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for other energy-related technologies within this reporting unit.

66. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on carbon capture, transport and storage related to industry in end-use sector?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Carbon capture end-use:

Include industry in the end-use sector, such as steel production, manufacturing, etc. (exclude fossil fuel production and processing and electric power production).

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on carbon capture, transport and storage related to industry in end-use sector?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
Total outsourced R&D  

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for other energy-related technologies within this reporting unit.

67. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on energy system analysis?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Energy system analysis:

Include system analysis related to energy R&D not covered elsewhere, sociological, economical and environmental impact of energy which are not specifically related to one technology area listed in the sections above.

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on energy system analysis?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
Total outsourced R&D  

Report all 2021 R&D expenditures for other energy-related technologies within this reporting unit.

68. In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on other energy-related technologies?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Other energy-related technologies:

Include energy technology information dissemination, studies not related to a specific technology area listed above.

In 2021, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on other energy-related technologies?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  CAN$ '000
Funds from this business  
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)  
All other Canadian sources of funds  
All foreign sources of funds  
Total in-house R&D  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada  
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada  
Total outsourced R&D  

69. Summary of total 2021 energy-related and total R&D expenditures

69. Summary of total 2021 energy-related R&D and total R&D expenditures
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  Total energy-related R&D Total R&D
Total funds from this business    
Total funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)    
Total all other Canadian sources of funds    
Total all foreign sources of funds    
Total in-house R&D expenditures    
Total outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada    
Total outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada    
Total outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures    
Total R&D expenditures    

In-house R&D personnel in 2021

70. In 2021, how many in-house R&D personnel within Canada did this business have in the following R&D occupations?

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

R&D may be carried out by persons who work solely on R&D projects or by persons who devote only part of their time to R&D and the balance to other activities such as testing, quality control and production engineering. To arrive at the total effort devoted to R&D in terms of personnel, it is necessary to estimate the full-time equivalent of these persons working only part-time in R&D.

Full-time equivalent (FTE) = Number of persons who work solely on R&D projects + the time of persons working only part of their time on R&D.

Example calculation: If out of four scientists engaged in R&D work, one works solely on R&D projects and the remaining three devote only one quarter of their working time to R&D, then: FTE = 1 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 = 1.75 scientists.

R&D personnel

Include:

  • permanent, temporary and casual R&D employees
  • independent on-site R&D consultants and contractors working in your business's offices, laboratories, or other facilities
  • employees engaged in R&D -related support activities.

Researchers and research managers are composed of:

  • Scientists, social scientists, engineers and researchers are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge. They conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models, techniques instrumentation, software or operational methods. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.
  • Senior research managers plan or manage R&D projects and programs. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.

R&D technical, administrative and support staff are composed of:

  • Technicians and technologists and research assistants are persons whose main tasks require technical knowledge and experience in one or more fields of engineering, the physical and life sciences, or the social sciences, humanities and the arts. They participate in R&D by performing scientific and technical tasks involving the application of concepts, operational methods and the use of research equipment, normally under the supervision of researchers. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.
  • Other R&D technical, administrative support staff include skilled and unskilled craftsmen, and administrative, secretarial and clerical staff participating in R&D projects or directly associated with such projects.

On-site R&D consultants and contractors are individuals hired 1) to perform project-based work or to provide goods at a fixed or ascertained price or within a certain time or 2) to provide advice or services in a specialized field for a fee and, in both cases, work at the location specified and controlled by the contracting company or organization.

In 2021, how many in-house R&D personnel within Canada did this business have in the following R&D occupations?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  Male (FTEs) Female (FTRs) Another Gender (FTEs) Total (FTEs)
Researchers and research managers 
Scientists, social scientists, engineers and researchers
Include software developers and programmers.		        
Senior research managers        
Total researchers and research managers        
R&D technical, administrative and support staff 
Technicians, technologists and research assistants
Include software technicians.		        
Other R&D technical, administrative and support staff        
Total R&D technical, administrative and support staff        
Other R&D occupations 
On-site R&D consultants and contractors        
Total in-house R&D personnel within Canada        

71. Of this business's total in-house R&D personnel reported above, what percentage performed software-related activities?

Software-related sciences and technologies

  • Software engineering and technology: computer software engineering, computer software technology and other related computer software engineering and technologies.
  • Computer sciences: computer science, artificial intelligence, cryptography and other related computer sciences.
  • Information technology and bioinformatics: information technology, informatics, bioinformatics, biomathematics and other related information technologies.

Percentage of software-related activities

72. In 2021, how were the [Amount] total in-house R&D personnel distributed by province or territory?

Please report in full time equivalents (FTE).

R&D personnel

Include:

  • permanent, temporary and casual R&D employees
  • independent on-site R&D consultants and contractors working in your business's offices, laboratories, or other facilities
  • employees engaged in R&D -related support activities.

Researchers and research managers are composed of:

  • Scientists, social scientists, engineers and researchers are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge. They conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models, techniques instrumentation, software or operational methods. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.
  • Senior research managers plan or manage R&D projects and programs. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.

R&D technical, administrative and support staff are composed of:

  • Technicians and technologists and research assistants are persons whose main tasks require technical knowledge and experience in one or more fields of engineering, the physical and life sciences, or the social sciences, humanities and the arts. They participate in R&D by performing scientific and technical tasks involving the application of concepts, operational methods and the use of research equipment, normally under the supervision of researchers. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.
  • Other R&D technical, administrative support staff include skilled and unskilled craftsmen, and administrative, secretarial and clerical staff participating in R&D projects or directly associated with such projects.

On-site R&D consultants and contractors are individuals hired 1) to perform project-based work or to provide goods at a fixed or ascertained price or within a certain time or 2) to provide advice or services in a specialized field for a fee and, in both cases, work at the location specified and controlled by the contracting company or organization.

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

R&D may be carried out by persons who work solely on R&D projects or by persons who devote only part of their time to R&D, and the balance to other activities such as testing, quality control and production engineering. To arrive at the total effort devoted to R&D in terms of personnel, it is necessary to estimate the full-time equivalent of these persons working only part-time in R&D.

Full-time equivalent (FTE): Number of persons who work solely on R&D projects + the time of persons working only part of their time on R&D.

Example calculation: If out of four scientists engaged in R&D work, one works solely on R&D projects and the remaining three devote only one quarter of their working time to R&D, then: FTE = 1 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 = 1.75 scientists.

In 2021, how were the [Amount] total in-house R&D personnel distributed by province or territory?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  Number of researchers and research managers Number of R&D technical, administrative and support staff Number of on-site R&D consultants and contractors
Newfoundland and Labrador      
Prince Edward Island      
Nova Scotia      
New Brunswick      
Quebec      
Ontario      
Manitoba      
Saskatchewan      
Alberta      
British Columbia      
Yukon      
Northwest Territories      
Nunavut      
Total in-house R&D personnel within Canada      
Total R&D personnel previously reported from question 70      

Technology and technical assistance payments in 2021

73. In 2021, did this business make or receive payments inside or outside Canada for the following technology and technical assistance?

Technology and technical assistance payments

Definitions (equivalent to the Canadian Intellectual Property Office - opens in a new browser window)

  1. Patent
    Government grant giving the right to exclude others from making, using or selling an invention.
  2. Copyright
    Legal protection for literary, artistic, dramatic or musical works, computer programs, performer's performances, sound recordings, and communication signals.
  3. Trademark
    A word, symbol or design, or combination of these, used to distinguish goods or services of one person or organization from those of others in the marketplace.
  4. Industrial design
    Legal protection against imitation of the shape, pattern, or ornamentation of an object.
  5. Integrated circuit topography
    Three-dimensional configurations of the elements and interconnections embodied in an integrated circuit product.
  6. Original software
    Computer programs and descriptive materials for both systems and applications. Original software can be created in-house or outsourced and includes packaged software with customization.
  7. Packaged or off-the-shelf software
    Packaged software purchased for organizational use and excludes software with customization.
  8. Databases
    Data files organized to permit effective access and use of the data including access clinical trial registries and administrative health data for research purposes. Includes partnerships supporting the development of databases, such as patient or clinical trial registries or biobanks, to be used for research purposes (e.g., developing a national bladder cancer patient registry with Bladder Cancer Canada for future research).
  9. Other technology and technical assistance
    Technical assistance, industrial processes and know-how including technology transfer and know how such as batch pilot production, method develop, and validation related to technology or manufacturing transfer.
In 2021, did this business make or receive payments inside or outside Canada for the following technology and technical assistance?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  Made Payments Received Payments Both made and received payments Not applicable
Patents        
Copyrights        
Trademarks        
Industrial designs        
Integrated circuit topography        
Original software        
Packaged or off-the-shelf software        
Databases
Useful life exceeding one year.		        
Other technology and technical assistance
Include technical assistance, industrial processes and know-how.		        

74. In 2021, how much did this business pay to other organizations for technology and technical assistance?

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '1' for payments made between $1 and $999.

Technology and technical assistance payments

Definitions (equivalent to the Canadian Intellectual Property Office - opens in a new browser window)

  1. Patent
    Government grant giving the right to exclude others from making, using or selling an invention.
  2. Copyright
    Legal protection for literary, artistic, dramatic or musical works, computer programs, performer's performances, sound recordings, and communication signals.
  3. Trademark
    A word, symbol or design, or combination of these, used to distinguish goods or services of one person or organization from those of others in the marketplace.
  4. Industrial design
    Legal protection against imitation of the shape, pattern, or ornamentation of an object.
  5. Integrated circuit topography
    Three-dimensional configurations of the elements and interconnections embodied in an integrated circuit product.
  6. Original software
    Computer programs and descriptive materials for both systems and applications. Original software can be created in-house or outsourced and includes packaged software with customization.
  7. Packaged or off-the-shelf software
    Packaged software purchased for organizational use and excludes software with customization.
  8. Databases
    Data files organized to permit effective access and use of the data including access clinical trial registries and administrative health data for research purposes. Includes partnerships supporting the development of databases, such as patient or clinical trial registries or biobanks, to be used for research purposes (e.g., developing a national bladder cancer patient registry with Bladder Cancer Canada for future research).
  9. Other
    Technical assistance, industrial processes and know-how including technology transfer and know how such as batch pilot production, method develop, and validation related to technology or manufacturing transfer.
In 2021, how much did this business pay to other organizations for technology and technical assistance?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  Payments made within Canada
CAN$ '000		 Payments made outside Canada
CAN$ '000
Payments made to parent, affiliated or subsidiary companies 
Patents    
Copyrights    
Trademarks    
Industrial designs    
Integrated circuit topography    
Original software    
Packaged or off-the-shelf software    
Databases
Useful life exceeding one year.		    
Other technology and technical assistance
Include technical assistance, industrial processes and know-how.		    
Total payments made to parent, affiliated or subsidiary companies    
Payments made to other companies, organizations or individuals 
Patents    
Copyrights    
Trademarks    
Industrial designs    
Integrated circuit topography    
Original software    
Packaged or off-the-shelf software    
Databases
Useful life exceeding one year.		    
Other technology and technical assistance
Include technical assistance, industrial processes and know-how.		    
Total payments made to other companies, organizations or individuals    
Total payments made to other organizations for technology and technical assistance    

75. In 2021, how much did this business receive from other organizations for technology and technical assistance?

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '1' for payments received between $1 and $999.

Technology and technical assistance payments

Definitions (equivalent to the Canadian Intellectual Property Office - opens in a new browser window)

  1. Patent
    Government grant giving the right to exclude others from making, using or selling an invention.
  2. Copyright
    Legal protection for literary, artistic, dramatic or musical works, computer programs, performer's performances, sound recordings, and communication signals.
  3. Trademark
    A word, symbol or design, or combination of these, used to distinguish goods or services of one person or organization from those of others in the marketplace.
  4. Industrial design
    Legal protection against imitation of the shape, pattern, or ornamentation of an object.
  5. Integrated circuit topography
    Three-dimensional configurations of the elements and interconnections embodied in an integrated circuit product.
  6. Original software
    Computer programs and descriptive materials for both systems and applications. Original software can be created in-house or outsourced and includes packaged software with customization.
  7. Packaged or off-the-shelf software
    Packaged software purchased for organizational use and excludes software with customization.
  8. Databases
    Data files organized to permit effective access and use of the data including access clinical trial registries and administrative health data for research purposes. Includes partnerships supporting the development of databases, such as patient or clinical trial registries or biobanks, to be used for research purposes (e.g., developing a national bladder cancer patient registry with Bladder Cancer Canada for future research).
  9. Other
    Technical assistance, industrial processes and know-how including technology transfer and know how such as batch pilot production, method develop, and validation related to technology or manufacturing transfer.
In 2021, how much did this business receive from other organizations for technology and technical assistance?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  Payments received from within Canada
CAN$ '000		 Payments received from outside Canada
CAN$ '000
Payments received from parent, affiliated or subsidiary companies
Patents    
Copyrights    
Trademarks    
Industrial designs    
Integrated circuit topography    
Original software    
Packaged or off-the-shelf software    
Databases
Useful life exceeding one year.		    
Other technology and technical assistance
Include technical assistance, industrial processes and know-how.		    
Total payments received from parent, affiliated or subsidiary companies    
Payments received from other companies, organizations or individuals
Patents    
Copyrights    
Trademarks    
Industrial designs    
Integrated circuit topography    
Original software    
Packaged or off-the-shelf software    
Databases
Useful life exceeding one year.		    
Other technology and technical assistance
Include technical assistance, industrial processes and know-how.		    
Total payments received from other companies, organizations or individuals    
Total payments received from other organizations for technology and technical assistance    

Environmental and clean technology R&D expenditures in 2021

76. In 2021, what percentage of this business's total expenditures of $ [Amount] for R&D performed in-house within Canada was related to research and development of environmental and clean technologies?

Environmental and clean technology is defined as any process, product, or service that reduces environmental impacts: through environmental protection activities that prevent, reduce or eliminate pollution or any other degradation of the environment, resource management activities that result in the more efficient use of natural resources, thus safeguarding against their depletion; or the use of goods that have been adapted to be significantly less energy- or resource-intensive than the industry standard.

Report '0' for no environmental and clean technology R&D expenditures.

If precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimate.

Percentage of environmental and clean technology R&D

77. In 2021, in which of the following categories of environmental and clean technology did this business perform R&D activities?

Select all that apply.

Air pollution management: Activities aimed at reducing the emissions of pollutants (including greenhouse gases) to the atmosphere. Include pollution abatement and control (e.g., end-of-pipe processes) and pollution prevention (e.g., integrated processes), as well as related measurement, control, laboratories and the like.

Solid waste management: Activities related to the collection, treatment, storage, disposal, and recycling of all domestic, industrial, non-hazardous and hazardous waste (including low-level radioactive waste). Include monitoring activities. Exclude radioactive waste and mine tailings handling and treatment (to be reported under Protection against radiation and Wastewater management, respectively).

Wastewater management: Activities aimed at pollution reduction or prevention through the abatement of pollutants or the reduction of the release of wastewater. Include measures aimed at reducing pollutants before discharge, reducing the release of wastewater, septic tanks, treatment of cooling water, handling and treatment of mine tailings, etc.

Protection and remediation of soil, groundwater and surface water: Activities aimed at the prevention of pollution infiltration: remediation or cleaning up of soils and water bodies; protection of soil from erosion, salinization and physical degradation; monitoring, control, laboratories and the like. Exclude management of wastewater released to surface waters, municipal sewer systems or soil, or injected underground (to be reported under Wastewater management) and protection of biodiversity and habitat (to be reported under Protection of biodiversity and habitat).

Protection of biodiversity and habitat: Activities related to protecting wildlife and habitat from the effects of economic activity, and to restoring wildlife or habitat that has been adversely affected by such activity. Include related environmental measurements, monitoring, control, laboratories and the like.

Noise and vibration abatement: Activities aimed at controlling or reducing industrial and transport noise and vibration for the sole purpose of protecting the environment. Include preventive in-process modifications at the source, construction of anti-noise/vibration facilities, measurement, control, laboratories and the like.

Protection against radiation: Activities aimed at preventing, reducing, or eliminating the negative consequences of radiation on the environment. This includes all handling, transportation, and treatment of radioactive waste (i.e. waste that requires shielding during normal handling and transportation due to high radionuclide content), the protection of ambient media, measurement, control, laboratories and the like, as well as any other activities related to the containment of radioactive waste. Exclude activities and measures related to low-level radioactive waste (to be reported under Solid waste management), the prevention of technological hazards (e.g., external safety of nuclear power plants), and measures taken to protect workers.

Heat or energy savings and management: Activities aimed at reducing the intake of energy through in-process modifications (such as adjustment of production processes or heat and electricity co-generation), as well as reducing heat and energy losses. This includes insulation activities, energy recovery, measurement, control, laboratories and the like.

Renewable energy: Energy obtained from resources that naturally replenish or renew within a human lifespan (i.e. the resource is a sustainable source of energy). This includes wind, solar, aero-thermal, geothermal, hydrothermal and ocean energy, hydropower, biomass, landfill gas, sewage treatment plant gas and biogases.

  • Air pollution management
    e.g., greenhouse gas control technologies or management services, physical or chemical treatment technologies, air pollution modeling and mapping services
  • Solid waste management
    e.g., collection of waste, recycling and organics, compaction-related technologies, landfill leachate collection and containment technologies
  • Wastewater management
    e.g., physical or chemical treatments of industrial wastewater, mine tailing handling and treatment, biological treatments of sewage
  • Protection and remediation of soil, groundwater and surface water
    e.g., in situ and ex situ biological, physical, chemical, thermal treatments, containment
  • Protection of biodiversity and habitat
  • Noise and vibration abatement
    Exclude R&D related to workers' health and safety.
  • Protection against radiation
    Exclude R&D related to workers' health and safety.
  • Heat and energy savings and management
    e.g., efficient equipment (advance insulation, high efficiency pumps or burners (Energy Star certified), etc.), energy storage technologies (flywheels, fuel cells, etc.), lighting upgrades, smart grid services and associated technologies
  • Fuel efficient vehicles and transportation goods or technologies
    e.g., electric and hybrid vehicles, vehicles using alternative fuels, alternative fuel retrofits on existing vehicles, low-rolling resistance tires
  • Production of energy from renewable sources
    e.g., equipment, services, and technologies used to produce electricity or heat from renewable sources
  • Production of nuclear energy
    e.g., equipment, services, and technologies used to produce electricity or heat from nuclear energy
    Exclude the R&D on feedstock used to produce energy (such as uranium).
  • Other environmental protection or resource management activities
    Specify the other environmental protection or resource management activities

Changes in R&D activities due to COVID-19

COVID-19 has resulted in major economic changes, as businesses and organizations reacted to a general shutdown that started in Canada in mid-March 2020.

79. As a result of COVID-19, has this business made any changes in research and development (R&D) activities or expenditures in 2021?

  • Yes
  • No

Changes in in-house R&D expenditures due to COVID-19

80. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, did this business modify its in-house R&D expenditures in Canada in 2021?

When precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimates.

  • Yes, increased in-house R&D expenditures

Please indicate the amount expenditures increased from previously planned expenditures due to COVID-19.

CAN$ '000

  • Yes, decreased in-house R&D expenditures

Please indicate the amount expenditures decreased from previously planned expenditures due to COVID-19.

CAN$ '000

  • No change in in-house R&D expenditures due to COVID-19
  • Do not know

COVID-19 related in-house R&D projects and sources of funds

81. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, did this business perform, in-house R&D on COVID-19 related R&D projects in 2021?

COVID-19 related R&D: e.g., R&D to create self-sterilizing work surfaces; R&D to develop a COVID-19 diagnostic test; R&D to adapt LEDs to UV for light-weight air purification system, etc.

  • Yes
  • No
  • Do not know

82. In 2021, how much funding did this business receive from each of the following sources to undertake COVID-19 related in-house R&D projects?

Include self-funding.

Include COVID-19 related funds that have been applied for, which this organization hopes to receive.

When precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimates.

In 2021, how much funding did this organization receive or does it expect to receive from each of the following sources to undertake COVID-19 related in-house R&D projects?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
  Amount of funding received CAN$ '000
All funding for COVID-19 projects by source
Self-funded  
Other businesses  
Federal government  
Provincial and territorial government  
Other private non-profit organizations  
Postsecondary institutions
e.g. universities colleges		  
Other Canadian sources  
Foreign sources  
Total funding for COVID-19 related R&D projects  

Changes in R&D personnel due to COVID-19

83. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, were there any net changes to the number of full-time equivalent (FTEs) R&D personnel employed or contracted in 2021 by this business?
When precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimates.

  • Yes, increased in FTEs

How many more R&D personnel (FTE)s were hired or contracted due to COVID-19?
Number of full-time equivalents

  • Yes, decreased in FTEs

How many fewer R&D personnel (FTE)s were employed due to COVID-19?
Number of full-time equivalents

  • No change in R&D personnel due to COVID-19
  • Do not know

Changes in payments to other organizations for R&D due to COVID-19

84. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, did this business modify its outsourced R&D expenditures in 2021?

When precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimates.

  • Yes, increased outsourced R&D expenditures

Please indicate the amount expenditures increased from previously planned expenditures due to COVID-19.

CAN$ '000

  • Yes, decreased outsourced R&D expenditures

Please indicate the amount expenditures decreased from previously planned expenditures due to COVID-19.

CAN$ '000

  • No change in payments made to other organizations for R&D due to COVID-19
  • Do not know

Notification of intent to extract web data

85. Does this business have a website?

Notification of intent to extract web data

Statistics Canada engages in web-data extraction, also known as web scraping, which is a process by which information is gathered and copied from the Web using automated scripts or robots, for retrieval and analysis. As a result, we may visit the website for this business or organization to search for and compile additional information. The use of web scraping is part of a broader effort to reduce the response burden on businesses or organizations, as well as produce additional statistical indicators to ensure that our data remain accurate and relevant.
We will strive to ensure that the data collection does not interfere with the functionality of the website. Any data collected will be used by Statistics Canada for statistical and research purposes only, in accordance with the agency's privacy and confidentiality mandate. All information collected by Statistics Canada is strictly protected.

More information regarding Statistics Canada's web scraping initiative.

Learn more about Statistics Canada's transparency and accountability.

If you have any questions or concerns, please contact Statistics Canada Client Services, toll-free at 1-877-949-9492 (TTY: 1-800-363-7629) or by email at infostats@statcan.gc.ca- this link will open in a new window. Additional information about this survey can be found by selecting the following link: Information for survey participants (ISP).

Changes or events

86. Indicate any changes or events that affected the reported values for this business or organization, compared with the last reporting period.

Select all that apply.

  • Outsourcing of R&D project(s)
  • Initiation of new R&D project(s)
  • Completion of existing R&D project(s)
  • Major change in funding of R&D project(s) (loss of funding)
  • Major change in funding of R&D project(s) (increase in funding)
  • Organizational change that affected R&D activities (expansion, reduction, restructuring)
  • Economic change that affected R&D activities
  • Lack of availability of qualified R&D personnel
  • Other
    Specify the other changes or events:
  • No changes or events

Contact person

87. Statistics Canada may need to contact the person who completed this questionnaire for further information.

Is the provided given names and the provided family name the best person to contact?

  • Yes
  • No

Who is the best person to contact about this questionnaire?

  • First name:
  • Last name:
  • Title:
  • Email address:
  • Telephone number (including area code):
  • Extension number (if applicable):
    The maximum number of characters is 5.
  • Fax number (including area code):

Feedback

88. How long did it take to complete this questionnaire?

Include the time spent gathering the necessary information.

  • Hours:
  • Minutes:

89. Do you have any comments about this questionnaire?

Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2021 Version 1.0 - Acronyms and superscripts

Please note that some acronyms may have more than one meaning.

Acronyms and superscripts (CSV, 13.58 KB)


The following acronyms are used in CIP Canada 2021 Version 1.0:

Acronym Definition
AAS Associate of Applied Science
AC Air Conditioning
ACH Air Conditioning and Heating
ACHR Air Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration
ACR Air Conditioning and Refrigeration
AEGD Advanced Education in General Dentistry
AI Artificial Intelligence
ASL American Sign Language
ASN Associate of Science in Nursing
BA Bachelor of Arts
BArch Bachelor of Architecture
BAS Bachelor of Architectural Studies
BCL Bachelor of Civil Law
BDiv Bachelor of Divinity
BHASE Business, humanities, health, arts, social science and education
BIM Building Information Modeling
BLA Bachelor of Landscape Architecture
BPharm Bachelor of Pharmacy
BS Bachelor of Science
BSc Bachelor of Science
BScN Bachelor of Science in Nursing
BSLA Bachelor of Science in Landscape Architecture
BSN Bachelor of Science in Nursing
BPH Bachelor of Public Health
CA Chartered Accountant
CAD Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Drafting/Computer-Aided Drawing
CADD Computer-Aided Design and Drafting/Computer-Assisted Design and Drafting
CAIB Canadian Accredited Insurance Broker
CAM Computer-Aided Manufacturing
CannSell Responsible Cannabis Sales Training Program
CBD Cannabidiol
CCIE Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert
CCNA Cisco Certified Network Associate
CCNP Cisco Certified Network Professional
CDA Certified Dental Assistant
Cert. Certificate
CEDO Certified Exposure Device Operator
CEGEP Collège d'enseignement général et professionnel
CGA Certified General Accountant
CFSC Canadian Firearms Safety Course
CIS Commonwealth of Independent States
CMA Certified Management Accountant
CNC Computer Numerical Control
CPM Certified Professional Midwife
CPR Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
DArch Doctor of Architecture = PhD in Architecture
DCS Diploma of Collegial Studies
DC Doctor of Chiropractic
DDS Doctor of Dental Surgery
Dipl. Diploma
DMD Doctor of Dental Medicine (Latin: Dentariae Medicinae Doctor)
DNP Doctor of Nursing Practice = PhD in Nursing Practice
DO Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
DPH Doctor of Public Health = PhD in Public Health
DPharm Doctor of Pharmacy (formerly BSc in Pharmacy or BPharm)
DPM Doctor of Podiatric Medicine
DSW Developmental Services Worker
DTR Dietetic Technician, Registered
DVM Doctor of Veterinary Medicine
ECE Early Childhood Education
ECG Electrocardiograph
EDO Exposure Device Operator
EEG Electroencephalograph
EKG Electrocardiograph
EMR Emergency Medical Responder
EMT Emergency Medical Technician
EMT-A Emergency Medical Technician - Ambulance
EMT-P Emergency Medical Technician - Paramedic
ENT Ear, Nose, and Throat
ESL English as a Second Language
FIIC Fellow of the Insurance Institute of Canada
FSL French as a Second Language
GED General Equivalency Diploma
GED test General Education Development test
GEOINT Geospatial Intelligence
GIS Geographic Information Science/Geographic Information Systems
GP Gas piping fitter
HAC Heating and Air Conditioning
HACR Heating, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration
HRAC Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
HVAC Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
HVACR Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration
IB International Baccalaureate
IPSE Inclusive Post-Secondary Education
IT Information Technology
ITEP Indian Teacher Education Program
JD Doctor of Jurisprudence (Latin: Juris Doctor) = Bachelor degree in Law
JM Master of Legal Studies (Latin: Juris Master)
JSD Doctor of Juridical Science (Latin: Scientiae Juridicae Doctor) = PhD in Law
LAN Local Area Network
LDS Latter-Day Saints
LIS Library and Information Science
LLB Bachelor of Laws (Latin: Legum Baccalaureus) = Bachelor degree in Law
LLD Doctor of Laws (Latin: Legum Doctor) = PhD in Law
LLL Licentiate in Laws
LLM Master of Laws (Latin: Legum Magister) = Master's degree in Law
LM Licensed Midwife
LP Licensed Producer
LPN Licensed Practical Nurse
LVN Licensed Vocational Nurse
MA Master of Arts
MArch Master of Architecture
MCJ Master of Criminal Justice
MCL Master of Comparative Law
MCSA Microsoft Certified Systems Administrator
MCSE Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer
MCTS Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist
MD Doctor of Medicine (Latin: Medicinae Doctor)
MDiv Master of Divinity
MHL Master of Hebrew Letters
MJ Master of Jurisprudence (Latin: Magister Juris) = Master's degree in Law
MLA Master of Landscape Architecture
ML Master of Laws (Latin: Magister Legum) = Master's degree in Law
MLI Master of Legal Institutions
MLS Master of Legal Studies
MLIS Master of Library and Information Science
MPH Master of Public Health
MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MS Master of Science
MSc Master of Science
MScLA Master of Science in Landscape Architecture
MScN Master of Science in Nursing
MSL Master of Studies in Law
MSLA Master of Science in Landscape Architecture
MSN Master of Science in Nursing
ND Doctor of Naturopathy
NMD Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine
OD Doctor of Optometry
OR Operating Room
ORL Otorhinolaryngology
PCOC Pleasure Craft Operator Card
PharmD Doctor of Pharmacy (formerly BSc in Pharmacy or BPharm)
PHCNP Primary Health Care Nurse Practitioner
PhD Doctor of Philosophy (Latin: Philosophiae doctor)
PSW Personal Support Worker
PTSD Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
QSL Quebec Sign Language
RA Rehabilitation Assistant
Rav Rabbinical Ordination
RCMP Royal Canadian Mounted Police
RD Registered Dietitian
RPDt Registered Professional Dietitian
RDA Registered Dental Assistant
RDH Registered Dental Hygienist
RESO Reserve Entry Scheme Officer
RETP Reserve Entry Training Plan
RMT Registered Massage Therapist
RN Registered Nurse
RN (specialist) Registered Nurse specialist
RNFA Registered Nurse First Assistant
ROTP Regular Officer Training Plan
RPAS Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems
RPN Registered Practical Nurse
RPT Registered Play Therapist
RV Recreation Vehicle
SAR Tech Search and Rescue Technician
SB-RPT School Based Registered Play Therapist
SJD Doctor of Juridical Science (Latin: Scientiae Juridicae Doctor) = PhD in Law
sRPA Small Remotely Piloted Aircraft
STEM Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics
sUAS Small Unmanned Aircraft System
sUAV Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
TCCA Transport Canada Civil Aviation
TESL Teaching English as a Second Language
TESOL Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages
UX User experience
UXD User Experience Design
WAN Wide Area Network
WHMIS Workplace Hazardous Materials Information Systems

 

 

Definition of superscripts

CIP classes which are comparable between Canada and the United States have identical codes. Classes that apply only in Canada use a CIP code not used in the United States and are highlighted by means of a superscript appearing at the end of the class title.

The superscript symbol used is:

CAN
Canadian class only

Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2021 Version 1.0

Release date: November 8, 2022

Permanent consultation process for CIP Canada 2027 and beyond

Invitation to participate in the revision of the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada April 9, 2024

Status

This standard was approved as a departmental standard on December 14th, 2021.

CIP Canada 2021 Version 1.0

The Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2021 Version 1.0 updates the Classification of Instructional Programs Canada 2016. It is used to classify instructional programs according to field of study.

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Variants of CIP Canada 2021 Version 1.0

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