Integrated Business Statistics Program (IBSP)

This guide is designed to assist you as you complete the 2017 Biannual Livestock Survey. If you need more information, please call the Statistics Canada Help Line at the number below.

Your answers are confidential.

Statistics Canada is prohibited by law from releasing any information it collects which could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent or as permitted by the Statistics Act.

Statistics Canada will use information from this survey for statistical purposes.

Help Line: 1-800-565-1685

Table of contents

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Reporting instructions
Definitions
Livestock: inclusions and exclusions
Cattle and calves
Pigs
Pigs - Farrowings
Sheep and lambs

Text begins

Reporting instructions

When answering the questions, please include as of July 1, 2017:

  • All livestock (cattle or calves, pigs, and/or sheep or lambs) on your operation regardless of ownership, including livestock custom fed, fed under contract for others, and livestock pastured.
  • All livestock owned by the operator and held on Crown land, community pastures, and grazing projects.
  • Please do not report livestock (cattle or calves, pigs, and/or sheep or lambs) which are owned by you but kept on a farm, ranch or feedlot operated by someone else.

Definitions

Legal Name
The legal name is one recognized by law, thus it is the name liable for pursuit or for debts incurred by the business or organization. In the case of a corporation, it is the legal name as fixed by its charter or the statute by which the corporation was created.

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

To indicate a legal name of another legal entity you should instead indicate it in question 3 by selecting ‘Not currently operational’ and then choosing the applicable reason and providing the legal name of this other entity along with any other requested information.

Operating Name
The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

Current main activity of the business or organization
The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. Created against the background of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is designed to provide common definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three economies. NAICS is based on supply-side or production-oriented principles, to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS, are suitable for the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.

The target entity for which NAICS is designed are businesses and other organizations engaged in the production of goods and services. They include farms, incorporated and unincorporated businesses and government business enterprises. They also include government institutions and agencies engaged in the production of marketed and non-marketed services, as well as organizations such as professional associations and unions and charitable or non-profit organizations and the employees of households.

The associated NAICS should reflect those activities conducted by the business or organizational unit(s) targeted by this questionnaire only, and which can be identified by the specified legal and operating name. The main activity is the activity which most defines the targeted business or organization’s main purpose or reason for existence. For a business or organization that is for-profit, it is normally the activity that generates the majority of the revenue for the entity.

The NAICS classification contains a limited number of activity classifications; the associated classification might be applicable for this business or organization even if it is not exactly how you would describe this business or organization's main activity.

Please note that any modifications to the main activity through your response to this question might not necessarily be reflected prior to the transmitting of subsequent questionnaires and as a result they may not contain this updated information.

Livestock: inclusions and exclusions

Include all livestock on your operation as of July 1, 2017, regardless of ownership, including livestock pastured, custom fed or fed under contract for others.

Include all livestock owned by the operator and held on Crown land, community pastures and grazing projects.

Exclude livestock which are owned by you but kept on a farm, ranch, or feedlot operated by someone else.

Community pastures, grazing associations, Crown land: a community pasture or grazing reserve can be a federal, provincial or municipal land operated by a manager and rented to livestock producers for pasturing animals at a fixed fee per head. A co-operative grazing association is a group of people who usually incorporate and rent or lease land for a common grazing area.

Note: forest reserves fall under the category of grazing reserve. Crown land is land owned by the government (municipal, provincial or federal) and generally managed by the government. Crown land does not necessarily have to be used for the purpose of grazing livestock, although grazing does take place on Crown land, particularly in British Columbia.

Fed under contract / custom feeding: livestock are fed under a pre-arranged agreement with a company (for example feed mill) or another producer to feed the cattle or hogs to market weight. Usually the “feed” operator owns the buildings and supplies the labour but does not own the livestock.

Feedlot (cattle): feedlots are operations where livestock are fattened for market. A feedlot operation may own the animals, or may feed them for other operators for a fee, or both.
Note: feedlots are more applicable to cattle.

Feeding and finishing operations (pigs): feeding and finishing operations are applicable to pigs. Hog feeding and finishing operations are operations in which hogs are fed to market weight. Usually there are no breeding sows or boars in these operations other than those culled from a breeding herd, being fattened for slaughter.

Slaughtered for own consumption: if there are any livestock (cattle, hogs, or sheep) which will be slaughtered for personal consumption, include that livestock in inventory counts. For example if a dairy operator has one pig which will be slaughtered for personal consumption, include this pig in inventory counts.

Cattle and calves

Bulls: male cattle which have not been castrated, 1 year and over, which are or will be kept for breeding purposes or for slaughter.

Calves: cattle of either sex, under 1 year old.

Calving: a term used when referring to cattle, meaning to give birth.

Cow: female cattle which have calved at least once, being used for the production of dairy or for the reproduction of beef calves. Include "first calf heifers".

Heifers: female cattle over 1 year old which have never calved, used (or to be used) for breeding or fed for slaughter.

Steers: castrated male cattle, 1 year and over, being fed for slaughter.

Pigs

Boars: non-castrated male pigs, 6 months and older, used or to be used (or sold) for breeding purposes.

Bred gilts: female pigs which have never farrowed but which have been bred; they are intended for breeding purposes.

Farrowing: term used when referring to pigs, meaning "to give birth".

Feeders: market pigs that are 50 to 119 lb (23 to 53 kg) or 120 to 179 lb (54 to 81 kg).
Note: sometimes referred to as grower pigs.

Finishers: market pigs over 179 lb (81 kg) which are being fed for slaughter.

Gilts: female pigs which have never farrowed and are intended for breeding. Gilts intended for breeding may or may not be bred.
Note: gilts are younger than bred gilts.

Hog: a general term used to describe any type of pig.

Market pigs: consists of ‘feeders (growers)’ and ‘finishers’ which are over 50 lb (23 kg). The general term ‘market pigs’ is to differentiate from pigs for breeding.

Piglet: a general term used to describe a new born pig.

Slaughter hogs: pigs which are approximately 220 to 240 lb (100 to 110 kg) and are ready to be sold or slaughtered.

Sows: female pigs which have farrowed at least once.

Stillborn: born dead.

Suckling pigs: young pigs under 15 lb (7 kg), which have not been weaned.

Weaners, Weanling, Nursery or Starter: pigs of either sex, 15 to 49 lb (7 to 22 kg), which have recently been weaned.

Weaning: switching a young animal from mother's milk to another source of food.

Pigs - Farrowings

Total number of farrowings: this question is asking to report the total number of farrowings in the last 6 months. If a sow farrowed two times in the last 6 months this would be reported as two farrowings.

Average number of piglets born per litter: this question is asking to report the average number of piglets born per litter during the last 6 months. Some respondents interpret this to mean how many total piglets were born during the last six months.  The data we are looking for is the average number of piglets born per sow. For example: If a respondent has 100 sows and each sow has 10 piglets born per litter. The correct response would be on average 10 piglets born per litter. Include piglets born alive and stillborn.

Total piglets born: this question is asking to report the total number of piglets born in the last 6 months. Total number of farrowings in the last 6 months multiplied by average number of piglets born per litter equals the total piglets born in the last 6 months. If the respondent is not able to report the total number of farrowings or average number of piglets born, the respondent should report the total number of piglets born in the last 6 months. Include piglets born alive and stillborn.

Sheep and lambs

Rams: non-castrated male sheep kept for breeding.

Ewes: female sheep kept for breeding.

Replacement lambs: replacement lambs are lambs that are being kept for breeding purposes. Include lambs born on the operation and lambs purchased from other sources. Also include lambs born and still located on the operation that will eventually be sold to other farms for breeding purposes.

Market lambs: market lambs are male or female lambs that are raised with the intent for slaughter.

Thank you for your participation.

CVs for Total Sales by Geography

CVs for Total sales by Geography
Table summary
This table displays the results of CVs for Total sales by Geography. The information is grouped by Geography (appearing as row headers), Month and 201703, calculated using % units of measure (appearing as column headers).
Geography Month
201703
%
Canada 0.521
Newfoundland and Labrador 1.031
Prince Edward Island 0.900
Nova Scotia 2.355
New Brunswick 2.074
Québec 1.064
Ontario 0.959
Manitoba 1.601
Saskatchewan 2.443
Alberta 1.126
British Columbia 1.639
Yukon Territory 0.755
Northwest Territories 0.440
Nunavut 1.319

Participate in the update of the National Occupational Classification!

Introduction

Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC) and Statistics Canada invite users of the National Occupational Classification (NOC), such as industry representatives and experts in the field of employment research, to submit proposals for changes to the NOC.

All proposals received will be shared between ESDC and Statistics Canada, which will be working jointly on the update of the NOC.

Objective

The proposals have two objectives:

  • collect input from users as an integral part of the NOC update process; and
  • fuel research in preparation for the NOC revision.

Background

As part of continuous improvement, ESDC and Statistics Canada have decided to increase the frequency of NOC updates. Updates contain non-structural changes. A non-structural change means adding new occupational titles to current groups, modifying the descriptions of the unit groups, or improving the correspondence between English and French versions of the classification.

Revisions, on the other hand, will continue to take place every ten years. Unlike updates, revisions can include structural changes. A structural change means changing the conceptual boundaries of occupational groups, moving occupations to different groups, or changing the hierarchical classification structure. The next NOC revision is scheduled for 2021.

Closing date

Respondents are invited to submit their proposal before November 30, 2017.

Please note that there will be other consultation periods for the 2021 NOC revision.

Nature and content of proposals

Respondents are invited to provide their comments, feedback and suggestions on how to improve the NOC content. They must outline their rationale for proposed changes.

There are no content restrictions. Respondents may propose non-structural and structural changes.

Presentation

Proposals must contain the name, address, email address and phone number of the respondent.

Proposals must be submitted by email to the following address: NC-CONSULT-GD@hrsdc-rhdcc.gc.ca

Guidelines for submitting proposals

Respondents are encouraged to follow these guidelines when developing their proposal.

Proposals should:

  • clearly identify the proposed addition, change or modification;
  • outline the rationale and include supporting information for the change suggested, such as:
    • approximate population of workers across the country;
    • duties;
    • requirements for certification (if any);
    • educational background, tools and technology used, as well as experience required for entry into the occupation;
    • current job titles used in the labour market;
  • provide details about experts, related associations or representatives within the sector;
  • be consistent with classification principles such as mutual exclusivity, exhaustiveness, and homogeneity within unit groups;
  • be relevant, that is:
    • present analytical interest;
    • enhance the usefulness of data;
    • be based on appropriate statistical research or subject matter expertise.

Costs associated with proposals

Canada will not reimburse respondents for expenses incurred in developing their proposal.

Treatment of proposals

Canada will review all proposals received.

A team of representatives from ESDC and Statistics Canada will review the proposals. Canada reserves the right to use independent consultants, or government employees, if deemed necessary, to assess proposals.

If deemed appropriate, Canada will contact the respondents to ask additional questions or ask for clarification on a particular aspect of their proposal.

The review of proposals will not necessarily result in changes to the NOC. However, if Canada adopts changes, non-structural changes will be implemented in future NOC updates while structural changes will occur as part of the NOC 2021 revision.

Official languages

Proposals may be written in either of Canada's official languages, English or French.

Confidentiality

Personal information collected during this consultation will be protected under the Privacy Act.

Thanks

We thank all respondents for their continued interest and participation in the various NOC engagement activities.

Enquiries

If you have any enquiries about this process, please send them to NC-CONSULT-GD@hrsdc-rhdcc.gc.ca

Best regards,
NOC team

Date modified:

Table 2 C.V. Results for TSRC Q4 2016

Table 2
C.V. Results for TSRC Q4 2016
Table summary
This table displays the results of C.V. Results for TSRC Q4 2016 . The information is grouped by Province (appearing as row headers), Total Spending C.V. and Person-Trips C.V. , calculated using % units of measure (appearing as column headers).
Province Total Spending C.V. Person-Trips C.V.
%
Newfoundland and Labrador 11.90 7.30
Prince Edward Island 14.50 6.00
Nova Scotia 5.90 4.10
New Brunswick 6.60 5.90
Quebec 4.20 2.90
Ontario 3.80 2.60
Manitoba 6.60 3.70
Saskatchewan 5.90 4.10
Alberta 5.40 3.90
British Columbia 5.30 4.40
Canada 2.20 1.50

Integrated Business Statistics Program (IBSP)

Reporting Guide

This guide is designed to assist you as you complete the 2016 Annual Non-Store Retail Survey. If you need more information, please call the Statistics Canada Help Line at the number below.

Help Line: 1-800-858-7921

Table of contents

Skip to text

Reporting instructions
Business or organization and contact information
Reporting period information
Revenue
Expenses
Industry Characteristics
Sales by type of client
Distribution of operating revenue by method of sale
E-commerce
Sales of Commodities

Text begins

Reporting instructions

1. Please print in ink.

2. Please report all dollar amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars ('000 CAN$).

3. Do not include sales tax.

4. All dollar amounts reported should be rounded to the nearest whole dollar (e.g., $55,417.40 should be rounded to $55,417). All percentages reported should be rounded to the nearest whole percent (e.g., 37.3% to 37%, 75.8% to 76%).

5. When precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimates.

Business or organization and contact information

This section verifies or requests basic identifying information of the business or organization such as legal name, operating name (if applicable), contact information of the designated contact person, current operational status, and main activity(ies).

Legal Name
The legal name is one recognized by law, thus it is the name liable for pursuit or for debts incurred by the business or organization. In the case of a corporation, it is the legal name as fixed by its charter or the statute by which the corporation was created.

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

To indicate a legal name of another legal entity you should instead indicate it in question 3 by selecting 'Not currently operational' and then choosing the applicable reason and providing the legal name of this other entity along with any other requested information.

Operating Name
The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

Verify or provide the requested contact information of the designated business or organization contact person. The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire. If different than the designated contact person, the contact information of the person completing the questionnaire can be indicated later in the questionnaire.

Verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name in question 1. If indicating the operational status of the business or organization is 'Not currently operational' then indicate an applicable reason and provide the requested information.

This question verifies the business or organization's current main activity as classified by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. Created against the background of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is designed to provide common definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three economies. NAICS is based on supply-side or production-oriented principles, to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS, are suitable for the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.

The target entity for which NAICS is designed are businesses and other organizations engaged in the production of goods and services. They include farms, incorporated and unincorporated businesses and government business enterprises. They also include government institutions and agencies engaged in the production of marketed and non-marketed services, as well as organizations such as professional associations and unions and charitable or non-profit organizations and the employees of households.

The associated NAICS should reflect those activities conducted by the business or organizational unit(s) targeted by this questionnaire only, as identified in the 'Answering this questionnaire' section and which can be identified by the specified legal and operating name. The main activity is the activity which most defines the targeted business or organization's main purpose or reason for existence. For a business or organization that is for-profit, it is normally the activity that generates the majority of the revenue for the entity.

The NAICS classification contains a limited number of activity classifications; the associated classification might be applicable for this business or organization even if it is not exactly how you would describe this business or organization's main activity.

Please note that any modifications to the main activity through your response to this question might not necessarily be reflected prior to the transmitting of subsequent questionnaires and as a result they may not contain this updated information.

If the current NAICS associated with this business or organizations is not correct, please provide a brief description of the main activity and provide any additional information as requested.

  1. Legal name and Operating name
  2. Designated contact person
  3. Current operational status
  4. Main activity

Reporting period information

  • May 1, 2015 to April 30, 2016
  • June 1, 2015 to May 31, 2016
  • July 1, 2015 to June 30, 2016
  • August 1, 2015 to July 31, 2016
  • September 1, 2015 to August 31, 2016
  • October 1, 2015 to September 30, 2016
  • November 1, 2015 to October 31, 2016
  • December 1, 2015 to November 30, 2016
  • January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016
  • February 1, 2016 to January 31, 2017
  • March 1, 2016 to February 28, 2017
  • April 1, 2016 to March 31, 2017

Here are other examples of fiscal periods that fall within the required dates:

  • September 18, 2015 to September 15, 2016 (e.g., floating year-end)
  • June 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016 (e.g., a newly opened business)

Revenue

  1. Sales of goods and services (e.g., fees, admissions, services revenue)

Sales of goods and services are defined as amounts derived from the sale of goods and services (cash or credit), falling within a business's ordinary activities. Sales should be reported net of trade discount, value added tax and other taxes based on sales.

Include: Sales from Canadian locations (domestic and export sales); Transfers to other business units or a head office of this firm.
Exclude: Transfers into inventory and consignment sales; Federal, provincial and territorial sales taxes and excise duties and taxes; Intercompany sales in consolidated financial statements.

  1. Rental and leasing

Include: Rental or leasing of apartments, commercial buildings, land, office space, residential housing, investments in co-tenancies and co-ownerships, hotel or motel rooms, long and short term vehicle leasing, machinery or equipment, storage lockers, etc.

  1. Commissions

Include: Commissions earned on the sale of products or services by businesses such as advertising agencies, brokers, insurance agents, lottery ticket sales, sales representatives, and travel agencies – compensation could also be reported under this item (for example, compensation for collecting sales tax).

  1. Subsidies (including grants, donations and fundraising)

Include: Non-repayable grants, contributions and subsidies from all levels of government; Revenue from private sector (corporate and individual) sponsorships, donations and fundraising.

  1. Royalties, rights, licensing and franchise fees

A royalty is defined as a payment received by the holder of a copyright, trademark or patent.

Include: Revenue received from the sale or use of all intellectual property rights of copyrighted materials such as musical, literary, artistic or dramatic works, sound recordings or the broadcasting of communication signals.

  1. Dividends

Include: Dividend income; Dividends from Canadian sources; Dividends from foreign sources; Patronage dividends.
Exclude: Equity income from investments in subsidiaries or affiliates.

  1. Interest

Include: Investment revenue; Interest from foreign sources; Interest from Canadian bonds and debentures; Interest from Canadian mortgage loans; Interest from other Canadian sources.
Exclude: Equity income from investments in subsidiaries or affiliates.

  1. Other revenue (please specify)

Include: Amounts not included in questions (1) to (7).

  1. Total revenue

The sum of questions (1) to (8).

Expenses

  1. Cost of goods sold

Many business units distinguish their costs of materials from their other business expenses (selling, general and administrative). This item is included to allow you to easily record your costs/expenses according to your normal accounting practices.

Include: Cost of raw materials and/or goods purchased for re-sale – net of discounts earned on purchases; Freight in and duty.

  1. Employment costs and expenses
  1. Salaries, wages and commissions

Please report all salaries and wages (including taxable allowances and employment commissions as defined on the T4 – Statement of Remuneration Paid) before deductions for this reporting period.

Include: Vacation pay; Bonuses (including profit sharing); Employee commissions; Taxable allowances (e.g., room and board, vehicle allowances, gifts such as airline tickets for holidays); Severance pay.
Exclude: All payments and expenses associated with casual labour and outside contract workers (report these amounts at question 3 - Subcontracts).

  1. Employee benefits

Include contributions to: Health plans; Insurance plans; Employment insurance; Pension plans; Workers' compensation; Association dues; Contributions to any other employee benefits such as child care and supplementary unemployment benefit (SUB) plans; Contributions to provincial and territorial health and education payroll taxes.

  1. Subcontracts

Subcontract expense refers to the purchasing of services from outside of the company rather than providing them in-house.

Include: Hired casual labour and outside contract workers; Custom work and contract work; Subcontract and outside labour; Hired labour.

  1. Research and development fees

Expenses from activities conducted with the intention of making a discovery that could either lead to the development of new products or procedures, or to the improvement of existing products or procedures.

  1. Professional and business fees 

Include: Legal services; Accounting and auditing fees; Consulting fees; Education and training fees; Appraisal fees; Management and administration fees; Property management fees; Information technology (IT) consulting and service fees (purchased); Architectural fees; Engineering fees; Scientific and technical service fees; Other consulting fees (management, technical and scientific); Veterinary fees; Fees for human health services; Payroll preparation fees; All other professional and business service fees.
Exclude: Service fees paid to Head Office (report at question 21 - All other expenses).

  1. Utilities 

Utility expenses related to operating your business unit such as water, electricity, gas, heating and hydro.

Include: Diesel, wood, natural gas, oil and propane; Sewage. 
Exclude: Energy expenses covered in your rental and leasing contracts; Telephone, Internet and other telecommunication (report this amount at question 8. - Telephone, Internet and other telecommunication); Vehicle fuel (report at question 21 - All other expenses).

  1. Office and computer related expenses

Include: Office stationery and supplies, paper and other supplies for photocopiers, printers and fax machines; Postage and courier (used in the day to day office business activity); Diskettes and computer upgrade expenses; Data processing.
Exclude: Telephone, Internet and other telecommunication expenses (report this amount at question 8 - Telephone, Internet and other telecommunication).

  1. Telephone, Internet and other telecommunication

Include: Internet; Telephone and telecommunication; Cellular telephone; Fax machine; Pager.

  1. Business taxes, licenses and permits

Include: Property taxes paid directly and property transfer taxes; Vehicle license fees; Beverage taxes and business taxes; Trade license fees; Membership fees and professional license fees; Provincial capital tax.

  1. Royalties, franchise fees and memberships

Include: Amounts paid to holders of patents, copyrights, performing rights and trademarks; Gross overriding royalty expenses and direct royalty costs; Resident and non-resident royalty expenses; Franchise fees.
Exclude: Crown royalties

  1. Crown charges

Federal or Provincial royalty, tax, lease or rental payments made in relation to the acquisition, development or ownership of Canadian resource properties.

Include: Crown royalties; Crown leases and rentals; Oil sand leases; Stumpage fees.

  1. Rental and leasing

Include: Lease rental expenses, real estate rental expenses, condominium fees and equipment rental expenses; Motor vehicle rental and leasing expenses; Studio lighting and scaffolding; Machinery and equipment rental expenses; Storage expenses; Road and construction equipment rental; Fuel and other utility costs covered in your rental and leasing contracts.

  1. Repair and maintenance

Include: Buildings and structures; Machinery and equipment; Security equipment; Vehicles; Costs related to materials, parts and external labour associated with these expenses; Janitorial and cleaning services and garbage removal.

  1. Amortization and depreciation

Include: Direct cost depreciation of tangible assets and amortization of leasehold improvements; Amortization of intangible assets (e.g., amortization of goodwill, patents, franchises, copyrights, trademarks, deferred charges, organizational costs).

  1. Insurance

Insurance recovery income should be deducted from insurance expenses.

Include: Professional and other liability insurance; Motor vehicle and property insurance; Executive life insurance; Bonding, business interruption insurance and fire insurance.

  1. Advertising, marketing, promotion, meals and entertainment

Include: Newspaper advertising and media expenses; Catalogues, presentations and displays; Tickets for theatre, concerts and sporting events for business promotion; Fundraising expenses; Meals, entertainment and hospitality purchases for clients.

  1. Travel, meetings and conventions

Include: Travel expenses; Meeting and convention expenses, seminars; Passenger transportation (e.g., airfare, bus, train, etc.); Accommodations; Travel allowance and meals while travelling; Other travel expenses.

  1. Financial services 

Include: Explicit service charges for financial services; Credit and debit card commissions and charges; Collection expenses and transfer fees; Registrar and transfer agent fees; Security and exchange commission fees; Other financial service fees.
Exclude: Interest expenses (report at question 19 - Interest expense).

  1. Interest expense

Report the cost of servicing your company's debt.

Include: Interest; Bank charges; Finance charges; Interest payments on capital leases; Amortization of bond discounts; Interest on short-term and long-term debt, mortgages, bonds and debentures.

  1. Other non-production-related costs and expenses

Include: Charitable donations and political contributions; Bad Debt expense; Loan losses; Provisions for loan losses (minus Bad debt recoveries); Inventory adjustments

  1. All other costs and expenses (including intracompany expenses)

Include:
Production costs; Pipeline operations, drilling, site restoration; Gross overriding royalty; Other producing property rentals; Well operating, fuel and equipment; Other lease rentals; Other direct costs; Equipment hire and operation; Log yard expense, forestry costs, logging road costs; Freight in and duty; Overhead expenses allocated to costs of sales; Other expenses; Cash over/short (negative expense); Reimbursement of parent company expense; Warranty expense; Recruiting expenses; General and administrative expenses; Interdivisional expenses; Interfund transfer (minus expense recoveries); Exploration and Development (including prospect/geological, well abandonment & dry holes, exploration expenses, development expenses); Amounts not included in questions 1 to 20 above.

  1. Total expenses

The sum of questions 1 to 21.

Industry Characteristics

All revenue reported should exclude sales taxes (GST/HST, PST and TVQ) and be net of returns, discounts, sales allowances, and charges for outward transportation by common or contract carriers. Do not deduct the value of trade-ins.

Include:

  • Excise taxes (such as those on gasoline, liquor, and tobacco) and other taxes that are levied on the manufacturer/importer and included in the cost of products purchased by this business unit;
  • Sales of all goods purchased for resale; please report gross sales of new and used goods less returns and discounts;
  • Parts used in generating repair and maintenance revenue (exclude the labour portion of repair and maintenance).

Do not deduct the value of trade-ins.

Exclude:

  • Taxes collected directly from customers and paid directly by this operating unit to provincial and federal tax agencies;
  • Labour portion of repair and maintenance.

Please report shipping and handling charges that are not embedded in the price of the merchandise, and which are therefore not reflected in the amount reported in the previous question 1.

Sales by type of client

This section is designed to measure which sector of the economy purchases your services.
Please provide a percentage breakdown of your sales by type of client.
Please ensure that the sum of percentages reported in this section equals 100%.

  1. Clients in Canada

a. Individuals and households
Please report the percentage of sales to individuals and households who do not represent the business or government sector.

b. Businesses
Percentage of sales sold to the business sector should be reported here.

Include:

• Sales to Crown corporations.

c. Governments, not-for-profit organizations and public institutions (e.g., hospitals, schools)
Percentage of sales to federal, provincial, territorial and municipal governments should be reported here.
Include:
• Sales to hospitals, schools, universities and public utilities.

  1. Clients outside Canada

Please report the percentage of total sales to customers or clients located outside Canada including foreign businesses, foreign individuals, foreign institutions and/or governments.
Include:
• Sales to foreign subsidiaries and affiliates.

Distribution of operating revenue by method of sale

  1. In-store sales

Please report total operating revenue of goods and services which are purchased in a fixed point-of-sale location accessible to the public.
Include: sales at pumps for gasoline stations.

  1. E-commerce

Please report total operating revenue of goods and services conducted over the Internet with or without online payment. 

Include: all revenue where the order is received and the commitment to purchase is made via the Internet, although payment can be made by other means, orders made in web pages, extranet, mobile devices or Electronic Data Interchange (EDI). 

Exclude: orders made by telephone calls, facsimile or e-mail.

  1. Catalogue and mail-order or telephone

Please report total operating revenue of goods and services generated from customer ordering their goods from catalogues and mail order flyers.
Include: sales purchased via telephone and fax.

  1. All other methods

Please report total operating revenue of goods and services generated from all other methods.
Include: sales at trade shows, special events, in-home sales and card lock.

E-commerce

Mobile app

Include sales through any app, or application, that is downloaded and designed to run on a handheld device such as a smartphone or tablet (for example, places where a user may download these apps include Apple's App Store, Google Play or Blackberry App World).

Company website

Include sales through a browser-based website where your organization maintains control of the content.

Third-party website

Include sales through a browser-based website where a third-party maintains the structure of the website and control of the look and feel while your company only provides the product to be sold (for example, Amazon, Expedia, Etsy).

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)

A standard format for exchanging business data. EDI is based on the use of message standards, ensuring that all participants use a common language.

Sales of Commodities

Food and beverages

Fresh meat and poultry

Include: Beef, pork, fowl and game, poultry, turkey, cooked meats, cured and smoked meats (prepackaged meats such as bacon, sausages, wieners, bologna, cooked ham, etc.)

Exclude: Frozen or canned meats, "deli" meat products.

Fresh fish and other seafood

Include: Fresh, smoked and cured fish and other seafood.

Exclude: Frozen or canned fish and other seafood, "deli" fish and other seafood.

Fresh fruit and vegetables

Include: Fresh fruits and vegetables.

Exclude: Frozen, canned or dried fruits and vegetables.

Eggs and dairy products (except frozen desserts)

Include: Fresh milk (include chocolate milk and soya milk), fresh eggs in shell, butter, fresh or processed cheese, fresh cream and fresh yogurt.

Exclude: Ice cream, frozen yogurt, powdered, canned, condensed or evaporated dairy products.

Baked goods (except frozen products, cookies and crackers)

Include: In-house fresh bakery goods or baked foods, commercial fresh bakery goods or baked foods and products of fresh bakery products.

Exclude: Frozen bakery products.

Perishable prepared foods (including fresh sliced deli meats, prepared entrées and fresh pasta)

Include: Deli luncheon meats, deli poultry, deli food (except cheese), deli fish, deli seafood, deli party platters, prepared pizza, prepared foods for take-out, prepared pizza for take out, deli salads, perishable prepared foods (except cheese), deli foods and salad bars and prepared foods for take-out (except cheese).

Exclude: Cheese, meals and lunches.

Frozen food

Include: Frozen meats, frozen game food, frozen cooked, cured and smoked meats, frozen poultry, frozen fish, frozen smoked and cured fish, frozen smoked and cured seafood, frozen smoked and cured shellfish, frozen fruits, frozen vegetables, ice cream, frozen yogurt, sherbets, popsicles, frozen juice concentrates, frozen bakery products, frozen TV dinners and frozen entrées.

Cookies, confectionery and snack foods

Include: Candy, chewing gum, fruit pastilles, chips, chocolate preparations (except baking chocolate), cocoa paste, unsweetened cocoa powder, confectionery, confectionery nuts, granola bars, package sugar confectionery goods, sugar confectionery specialities, sesame bars, snack foods, popped popcorn, mixed nuts, prepackaged cookies, prepackaged biscuits or crackers, prepackaged cakes, prepackaged doughnuts, prepackaged buns and prepackaged muffins.

Exclude: Candy and chocolate baking items, un-popped popcorn, products primarily sold as breakfast cereals.

Packaged food dry goods, not elsewhere classified

Include: Canned or dried foods (except pet foods), baking supplies, baking chocolate, baking flour, baking powder, baking chopped nuts, breakfast cereals, dry coffee, powdered, canned, evaporated or condensed dairy products, dietetic foods, drink crystals, flour, food mixes, cake, biscuit and pancake mixes (except prepackaged), cooking oils, un-popped popcorn, rice, salad dressings, salt, herbs and spices, sugar, syrups and dry tea leaves.

Exclude: Meals and lunches, pet food.

Soft drinks (except bottled water)

Include: Canned soft drinks and bottled soft drinks (except bottled water)

Non-alcoholic beverages (except soft drinks, milk, hot beverages and frozen drinks)

Include: Non-alcoholic beer (except root beer pops), non-alcoholic wine or cider, fruit drinks (except soft drinks and frozen concentrates), juices (except soft drinks and frozen concentrates), non-alcoholic cocktails or punch, vegetable juices (except frozen concentrates), water, sparkling beverages (except water and sodas) and ice tea.

Exclude: Milk and cream, frozen juice concentrates, drink crystals.

Prepared hot beverages (including coffee)

Include: Hot coffee, hot tea and hot chocolate.

Exclude: Packaged coffee, tea, hot chocolate and other packaged hot beverage products.

Alcoholic beverages (except served on premises)

Include: Beer (except non-alcoholic), wine (except non-alcoholic), spirits, liquor, liqueur and coolers.

Exclude: Alcoholic beverages served on premises.

Ice

Include: Ice cubes and ice blocks.

Prepared meals

Include: Sales of alcoholic beverages served on premise.

Clothing, footwear and accessories

Men's outerwear coats and jackets

Include: Winter coats, fur coats, jackets (except sport jackets), rainwear, ski clothing, snowmobile clothing and windbreakers.

Exclude: Suits, sport jackets and blazers.

Men's suits, sport jackets and blazers

Include: Sport jackets and blazers and made-to-measure and ready-to wear suits.

Exclude: Occupational uniforms.

Men's pants, shirts, sweaters and other bottoms and tops

Include: Pants (dress and casual), shorts, dress or casual shirts (except evening dress shirts), vests (except as occupational uniforms), school uniforms, gym uniforms, indoor jackets and sweaters.

Men's sleepwear, underwear and hosiery

Include: Socks, underwear, pyjamas, bathrobes and nightwear.

Men's hats, gloves, belts and other accessories

Include: Caps or hats, belts, gloves (except for work), mitts, scarves, suspenders, ties, umbrellas and wallets.

Exclude: Wigs, toupees.

Men's clothing, not elsewhere classified

Include: Bathing suits, exercise and fitness clothing, work gloves, occupational clothing or uniforms, work jackets or vests, priest clothing, running and jogging wear and safety clothing.

Women's outerwear coats and jackets

Include: Winter coats, jackets, parkas, rainwear, ski jackets or suits, snowmobile suits, snowsuits, windbreakers and anoraks.

Exclude: Suit jackets and blazers.

Women's dresses and suits

Include: One-piece and two-piece dresses, evening gowns, evening dress shirts, suits (except ski suits, snowmobile suits, snowsuits and maternity suits) and maternity dresses.

Exclude: Wedding gowns and occupational uniforms.

Women's skirts, pants, blouses, sweaters and other bottoms and tops

Include: Skirts, blouses, pants (dress and casual), jeans, blazers, jackets (except for outdoors), shorts, maternity tops or bottoms, casual shirts (except evening dress shirts), sweat tops and bottoms, sweaters, T-shirts and other tops, school uniforms and gym uniforms.

Women's lingerie, sleepwear and underwear

Include: Pyjamas, dressing gowns, bathrobes, foundation garments, lingerie, nightgowns, bras, nightshirts, slips and underwear.

Exclude: Hosiery.

Women's hosiery

Include: Pantyhose, stockings, nylons, socks, tights, leggings and leotards.

Women's handbags, purses and accessories

Include: Hats or caps (sport and fashion), gloves (except for work), mitts, scarves, purses, wallets, backpacks, belts, hair accessories, headbands, handbags and umbrellas.

Exclude: Wigs.

Women's clothing, not elsewhere classified

Include: Bathing and swim suits, exercise and fitness clothing, wedding gowns, occupational clothing or uniforms, priest clothing, running and jogging wear, safety clothing and track suits.

Boys' clothing and accessories

Include: Boys' clothing (sizes 7 to 18) and accessories.

Exclude: Very specialized sports clothing, used clothing.

Girls' clothing and accessories

Include: Girls' clothing (sizes 7 to 16) and accessories.

Exclude: Very specialized sports clothing, used clothing.

Infants' clothing and fabric accessories

Include: Baby clothing and accessories (infants' sizes 0 to 24 months), children's clothing and accessories (sizes 2 to 6X), baby bottles, nursery bedding, crib mobiles, diaper bags, baby blankets, baby linens, baby plastic pants, baby bibs, cloth diapers, breast pumps, nursery wall hangings, nursing pads, baby rattles, baby teething rings and baby soothers.

Exclude: Very specialized sports clothing, used clothing, disposable/paper diapers, children's books.

Unisex clothing, costumes and vestments

Include: Unisex clothing, unisex kilts (except as sport equipment), Halloween costumes, Christmas costumes, carnival costumes and dance costumes.

Men's athletic footwear

Include: Aerobic shoes, athletic footwear or shoes (except ski boots, skates and cleats), running shoes, basketball shoes, tennis shoes (except table tennis) and cross-trainers footwear.

Men's footwear and accessories (except athletic)

Include: Men's or boys' (except children) non-athletic footwear or shoes, fashion footwear or shoes, winter boots, rain boots, slippers, orthopedic shoes and men's work boots.

Exclude: Sport specific cleated footwear, golf shoes, bowling shoes, broomball shoes, curling shoes, ski boots, skates Sport specific cleated footwear, golf shoes, bowling shoes, broomball shoes, curling shoes, ski boots, skates.

Women's athletic footwear

Include: Court shoes, athletic footwear or shoes (except ski boots, skates and cleats), cross-trainers footwear, running shoes, walking shoes and hiking boots.

Women's footwear and accessories (except athletic)

Include: Women's or girls' (except children) non-athletic footwear or shoes, winter boots, rain boots, orthopedic shoes and shoe accessories or clip-on.

Exclude: Sport specific cleated footwear, golf shoes, bowling shoes, broomball shoes, curling shoes, ski boots, skates.

Infants' footwear

Include: Infants' or babies' (except children) footwear, all types of infants' non-athletic footwear or shoes and infants' orthopedic shoes.

Children's athletic footwear

Include: Athletic footwear or shoes (except ski boots, skates and cleats) and all types of athletic footwear (except table tennis)

Fine jewellery (including precious metal, diamonds, gemstones, and pearls)

Include: Fine jewellery.

Exclude: Watches.

Costume jewellery (including base metal, glass, plastic, and synthetic stones)

Include: Costume jewellery (except watches), all types of jewellery (except watches) and trinkets.

Watches

Include: Pocket watches, wrist watches and pendant watches.

Exclude: Antique watches.

Luggage, briefcases, knapsacks, and duffel bags

Include: Attaché cases, backpacks, knapsacks, leather or leather-like briefcases, luggage, leather and leather-like school bags, sport bags, suitcases and leather and leather-like travel accessories.

Exclude: Purses, wallets, billfolds, camera and instrument cases and fashion knapsacks.

Home furniture, furnishings, housewares, appliances and electronics

Mattresses and foundations

Include: Bed frames, spring, foam and water mattresses (except crib and air mattresses), box springs and bedding foundations (except sofa beds and futons).

Exclude: Headboards, crib mattresses, air mattresses.

Infants' furniture

Include: New infants' furniture, junior or toddler beds, infants' changing tables, baby highchairs, baby crib and mattress sets, new nursery furniture or equipment and new nursery furniture parts.

Exclude: Car seats (see Health, personal and household products).

Indoor home furniture, not elsewhere classified

Include: New bed headboards or footboards and parts, new indoor home furniture (except nursery) and parts, new indoor home office furniture and parts, new home futons and parts, new home office and office furniture and equipment and parts, all other new indoor furniture parts, home security safes and new home sofa beds and parts.

Exclude: Nursery furniture, lamps, mattresses and foundations, counters and cupboards.

Outdoor home furniture

Include: Patio furniture cushions, patio and garden furniture and cottage outdoor furniture.

Window treatments

Include: Indoor window treatments (except furniture coverings), blinds or shades, curtains (except shower), drapes, valances and indoor window shutters.

Household textile products, not elsewhere classified

Include: Furniture covers or throws, furniture coverings, bedding (except nursery), cushions and cushion covers, afghans, bathroom accessories, dishcloths or dish towels, cloth napkins, oven mitts, aprons, pot holders, doilies, non disposable table linens, tea towels and placemats or tablecloths.

Exclude: Disposable paper tablecloths and napkins.

Decorative home furnishings (except textile products)

Include: Household seasonal decorations or ornaments, candles, clocks (except with radio), figurines, fireplace screens and accessories, artificial and dried flowers or plants, picture or photograph frames, incense, jewellery boxes, music boxes, thermometers, barometers, room dividers, giftware, gift baskets and trophies.

Exclude: Outdoor specialty lighting (security, landscape, patio, etc.), real Christmas trees, Christmas gift wrap, woodstoves and clock radios.

Tableware, kitchenware, cookware and bakeware

Include: Bakeware, speciality bakeware, kitchenware, barbecue tools, cheese tools, egg tools, garlic or herbs tools, ice cream tools, kitchen utensils sets, speciality kitchenware, tableware (except disposable), cookware, cookware sets, lunch boxes or bags, picnic baskets or accessories and disposable tableware.

Exclude: Kitchen and table linens, pot holders, electrical kitchen appliances and disposable tableware (plastic, plates, utensils and glasses, paper plates, cups and napkins, paper/plastic, tablecloths, etc.).

Household cleaning supplies

Include: Air fresheners, toilet fresheners, fabric dyes, floor polish or wax, laundry detergent, furniture polish or wax, shoe polish, scouring powders or creams, baking soda, upholstery or rug spot removers.

Exclude: Personal care products (toilet paper, facial tissues, shampoos, beauty soaps, etc.) and automotive waxes and cleaners.

Paper household supplies

Include: Toilet paper, facial tissues, paper products, wax paper, foil food wraps, disposable paper plates and disposable paper cups.

Miscellaneous household supplies, not elsewhere classified

Include: Disposable plasticware, disposable table linens, barbecue starter fuel, glues or adhesives, garment bags, garbage or trash cans, recycling bins, clothes or laundry hampers, clothes or laundry drying racks, ironing boards, laces, matches, stools, outlet covers, cabinet locks, steps, multiplatform use non-rechargeable batteries, multiplatform use rechargeable batteries, light bulbs, fire extinguishers, smoke detectors and carbon monoxide detectors.

Small home appliances

Include: Electric knives, central vacuum cleaners, coffee makers or grinders, waste compactors, dehumidifiers, electric fans, floor polishers, food processors, deep fryers, food steamers, garbage disposals, portable space heaters, portable humidifiers, electric kettles, electric food mixers or processors, electric personal care appliances, heating pads, rug cleaning equipment, sewing machines, toasters, new small electrical home appliances and parts or accessories and water purifiers.

Exclude: Room air conditioners and microwave ovens.

Major home kitchen and cleaning appliances

Include: Room air conditioners, major appliances, microwave ovens, convection ovens, ranges, kitchen range hoods or fans, dishwashers and washing machines and clothes dryers.

Computers, peripherals and networking equipment

Include: Blank audio disc, computer batteries, CD computer drives, blank computer CDs, DVD computer drives, blank computer DVDs, computer hard drives, computer integrated circuits, personal digital assistants (PDAs), printers (except toners), computer scanners, new computers and pre-loaded software, anti-glare screens, monitor stands, external numeric keypads, computer mice or mouse, computer mouse pads, CD, DVD and diskette storage boxes, cases or racks and new computers components or parts and accessories (except toners and cartridges)

Computer software (except games)

Include: Computer software (except games), computer multimedia items (except electronic games), books packaged and sold together with software (except electronic games), cassettes packaged and sold together with software (except electronic games) and disks packaged and sold together with software (except electronic games).

Telephones and related products

Include: Fax machines, phone answering machines, pagers (except messaging services), telephones (except phone services), new telephone or cellphone parts, telephone batteries and cellphone batteries.

Televisions and home audiovisual equipment

Include: Non-automotive amplifiers, audio and video equipment or supplies (except mixers), clock radios, non-automotive mini disc players (except mixers), non-automotive DVD players (except mixers), films for movie and video cameras, ghetto blasters, boom boxes or sound boards, head cleaners for audio and video tape players, headphones, microphones (except for computer), movie cameras and accessories, MP3 players (except mixers), iPod, non-automotive audio receivers and tuners, reel-to-reel tape players (except mixers), satellite dishes, non-automotive sound systems (except mixers), non-automotive stereos (except mixers), non-automotive tape recorders and players or decks (except mixers), blank audio and video tapes, televisions, television audio and new video parts, videocassette recorders or VCRs and blank video tapes or videocassettes.

Cameras (except video cameras) and photographic equipment

Include: Photo albums, still and digital cameras and accessories, photographic enlarging equipment, film for still cameras, still and digital cameras new parts, photographic equipment and supplies, slide projectors and accessories, photographic slides, camera lenses, photographic tripods, flash attachments, projector screens, still or digital camera cases and specialized batteries for digital video camera (except AA and AAA batteries).

Exclude: Video cameras and related equipment and supplies, picture frames and binoculars.

Rental services of movies and games on DVD's, tapes and cassettes

Include: Rental services of movies and games on DVD's, tapes and cassettes, subscription rental of movies and games.

Computer equipment rental and leasing services

Include: Rental and leasing of computer equipment and laptops.

Sporting and leisure products

Bicycles and biking equipment and accessories

Include: Bicycles (except children's tricycles), specialized bike clothing, biking equipment and accessories, bicycle helmets, bicycle locks and new bicycle parts (except children's tricycles).

Exercise equipment

Include: Exercise equipment (except clothing and videos), fitness equipment (except clothing and videos), exercise or fitness treadmills, exercise or fitness ellipticals, exercise or fitness, weighted vests, fully-assembled workout stations and home gyms.

Golf equipment

Include: Golf equipment (except clothing), golf fairway woods, motorized golf pull carts, non-motorized golf pull carts, golf bags, golf towels, golf accessories (except clothing), golf club head covers and golfing kilts.

Exclude: Motorized golf carts.

Skiing and snowboarding equipment

Include: Ski equipment, ski boots, aerodynamic racing ski suits, insulators for ski, boots or gloves, snowboarding equipment, snowboards, snowboard accessories, snowboard cleaning brushes and snowboard carriers.

Exclude: Ski jackets and apparel and water ski equipment.

Hunting, fishing and camping equipment

Include: Camping air mattresses (except water air mattresses), hunting ammunition, target shooting ammunition, bait, camouflage and hunting clothing, camping equipment and supplies, firearm collections, fishing equipment and accessories, hunting equipment and accessories, lanterns, fishing lures or scents, hunting lures or scents, sleeping bags, camping stoves, fishing tackle boxes, tents and bows or arrows.

Exclude: Tent trailers.

Team sporting equipment

Include: Balls (except golf and exercise balls), baseball, football and soccer cleats or shoes, baseball, soft ball, football, basketball, soccer, volleyball, ringette, rugby and hockey uniforms (except as street wear) and equipment.

Exclude: Baseball caps, and other sports clothing for street wear.

Sporting equipment, not elsewhere classified

Include: Water air mattresses, badminton equipment, bowling equipment or accessories, boxing equipment or accessories, broomball equipment or accessories, curling equipment or accessories, curling sliders or grippers (except discs), fencing sport equipment, harness goods, halters or leads, in-line skates, figure skates, billiard (include: pool equipment and accessories and snooker equipment and accessories), racquet sports equipment, tennis equipment or accessories (except footwear and clothing), rock climbing equipment or accessories, snowshoes, squash equipment or supplies (except footwear and clothing), sailboards, scuba gear, snorkels, skateboards, roller skates, surfboards, trampolines and fireworks.

Exclude: Used sporting goods.

Electronic game consoles and game software

Include: Electronic games (except computer software games), Nintendo games, Playstation games, Xbox games, Wii games and iPad games.

Toys and games (except game consoles and software)

Include: Ball toys, non-electronic games, microscope toy models, telescope toy models, puzzle games, toy and hobby racing sets, sleds, sleighs, toboggans, soccer table games, soccer table balls, video games, wagon toys, air tennis table games, board games, specialized replacement toy batteries (except AA, AAA, D, C, 9V, Common Button Cells), playground structures and playground equipment.

Exclude: Computer software games, three-wheeled bikes for adults, used toys and games.

Books

Include: Atlases, Bibles, "talking" books, new hard and soft cover books, reference and text books, trade mass market paperback books, professional or technical books and electronic books.

Exclude: Multimedia items (includes a book and a record, cassette or disc that are packaged and sold together), newspapers, magazines, periodicals, sales catalogues, colouring books, drawing books, albums (coin, stamp, photo, etc.), agendas, calendars, brochures, pamphlets, owners' manuals and comic books.

Newspapers, magazines and periodicals

Include: Comic books, magazines, newspapers, periodicals and television guides.

Publications not elsewhere classified (including posters, art prints, maps and greeting cards)

Include: Art prints and related supplies, greeting cards, wedding and engagement cards, thank you and appreciation cards, maps and posters.

Audio and video recordings

Include: Pre-recorded audio discs, new pre-recorded audio tapes, CDs, DVDs, new pre-recorded media, new records, new pre-recorded audio and video tapes, new audio and video recordings, new audio compact disc and new digital video disc recordings

Artists' equipment and supplies

Include: Brushes, charcoal supplies, paint supplies, paintbrushes supplies, canvases supplies and easel supplies.

Musical instruments and print music

Include: New musical instruments, accessories and supplies, musical whistles, drums, turntables, samplers, musical synthesizers and organs.

Exclude: Amplifiers, sound boards, mixers, speakers and microphones.

Sewing and knitting supplies

Include: Yarns or threads, knitting yarns, sewing threads, ribbons, fabrics, measuring tapes, notions, buttons, crochet hooks and dressmakers or sewing patterns.

Exclude: Sewing machines.

Craft and hobby kits and leisure supplies, not elsewhere classified

Include: Air hockey game equipment, hobby supplies, table hockey games, make-up, hobby model kits, craft supplies, bows craft supplies, glue guns and other glues craft supplies, handicraft kits and stained glass making supplies.

Exclude: Household and industrial glues and adhesives.

Motor vehicles, recreational vehicles, motor vehicles parts and accessories

New passenger automobiles

Include: New automobiles (except jeeps, vans, light trucks, SUVs, pickup trucks, medium and heavy trucks).

Exclude: Parts and accessories.

New minivans, sport utility vehicles and light trucks

Include: New jeeps, minivans, pickup trucks, sport utility vehicles, light trucks and vans (except converted vans).

New medium and heavy trucks

Include: New buses and class 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 trucks .

Exclude: Parts and accessories.

Used passenger automobiles

Include: Antique cars and used cars.

Exclude: Parts and accessories.

Used minivans, sport utility vehicles and light trucks

Include: Used and antique light truck, used and antique vans (except converted vans), used and antique jeeps, used minivans, used pickup trucks, used sport utility vehicles, used street legal army light trucks and used street legal army jeeps.

Exclude: Parts and accessories.

Used medium and heavy trucks

Include: Used buses and used class 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 trucks.

Exclude: Parts and accessories.

New motorcycles and scooters

Include: Motorcycle clothing, motorcycles (except all-terrain vehicles), motorcycle parts and accessories, scooters, scooter parts and accessories, motorized scooters, motorized scooter parts and accessories, motorcycle trailers, non-automotive motorcycles parts and accessories, non-automotive scooter parts and accessories and non-automotive moped parts and accessories.

New motor homes, travel trailers and truck campers

Include: Truck camper appliances, motor home appliances, travel trailer appliances, truck mounted campers, recreational converted vans, motor homes, motor home parts and accessories, non-automotive motor home parts, non-automotive travel trailer parts, non-automotive truck camper parts, non-automotive converted van parts, tent trailers, tent trailer parts and accessories, travel trailers, travel trailer parts and accessories, truck camper parts and accessories, truck campers and folding camping trailers.

New snowmobiles and other personal off-road vehicles

Include: All-terrain vehicles, all-terrain vehicle parts and accessories, non-automotive all-terrain vehicle parts and accessories, snowmobiles, snowmobile parts and accessories, personal watercraft trailers, snowmobile trailers and non-automotive snowmobile parts and accessories.

New recreational boats and other recreational vehicles, not elsewhere classified

Include: Yacht appliances, cruise appliances, boat parts and accessories, houseboats, boats, boating radar equipment, fishing boats and motors, speeding boats and motors, cabin cruisers, yachts, sails, non-automotive boat parts and accessories, canoes, kayaks and utility trailers, new motorized golf carts.

Used motorcycles and scooters

Include: Used scooters, motorcycles (except all-terrain vehicles) and mopeds, scooters, motorcycles and mopeds used parts and accessories, non-automotive motorbike and mopeds used parts and accessories.

Used motor homes, travel trailers and truck campers

Include: Used motor homes, tent trailers, travel trailers, truck campers and converted recreational vans, used motor home, travel trailers, truck camper and converted van parts and accessories, used camper and travel trailer appliances, used non-automotive motor home, travel trailers, truck camper and converted van parts.

Used snowmobiles and other personal off-road vehicles

Include: Used snowmobiles and all-terrain vehicles, snowmobile and all-terrain vehicles used parts and accessories, non-automotive snowmobile and all-terrain vehicles used parts and accessories, used snowmobile trailers.

Used recreational boats and other recreational vehicles, not elsewhere classified

Include: Used personal aircraft, parts and accessories, used boats, parts and accessories, used canoes, houseboats, motorized golf carts, yachts, kayaks, boat oars, fishing boats and motors, speeding boats and motors, cabin cruisers, boat paddles, canoe paddles, kayak paddles, sails and used non-automotive boat parts and accessories.

New motor vehicle tires

Include: New, used and retreaded tires for buses, medium trucks or class 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 trucks, cars, minivans or vans, farm equipment, recreational vehicles, utility trailers and heavy trucks

Motor vehicle parts and accessories, new and used (except tires)

Include: Automotive air conditioners, automotive new and used parts and accessories (except tires, tubes and baby car seats), trailer hitches, hubcaps, new and used bus parts (except tires and tubes), new and used medium truck parts (except tires and tubes), new and used class 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 truck parts (except tires and tubes), new and used heavy truck parts (except tires and tubes), used car parts (except tires, tubes and baby car seats), new pickup truck parts (except tires and tubes), used pickup truck parts (except tires and tubes), new and used van or minivan parts (except tires, tubes and baby car seats), new and used jeep and other sport utility vehicle parts (except tires, tubes and baby car seats), automotive new or used parts for farm equipment (except tires and tubes), automotive new or used parts for recreational vehicles (except tires and tubes), car radios and remote car starters.

Motor vehicle chemicals

Include: Antifreeze, automotive oils, carburettor cleaners, fuel injector cleaners, automotive engine oils, gas line cleaners, automotive lubricating greases, windshield washer fluids.

Exclude: Automotive fuels.

Rental and non-financial leasing services of motor homes, travel trailers and campers

Include: Rental and non-financial leasing services without operator of motor homes, campers, tent trailers and road recreational vehicles containing sleeping space.

Motor vehicle maintenance and repair services

Include: Maintenance and repair services for automobiles and light trucks, motor homes, travel trailers and campers, heavy trucks and buses.

Rental and non-financial leasing services of automobiles and light trucks

Include: Rental and non-financial leasing services of automobiles and light trucks and vans, without operator.

Rental and non-financial leasing services of heavy trucks, truck trailers and buses, without operator

Include: Rental and non-financial leasing services of heavy trucks, truck trailers and buses, without operator.

Automotive and household fuels

Automotive fuels

Include: Diesel fuel, ethanol fuel blends, gasoline, automotive natural gas and automotive propane fuel.

Household fuels

Include: Coal fuel, electrical supply, electric power supply, firewood, home heating fuels, natural gas for home appliance and heating, propane for household use, wood pellets fuel, heating oils, kerosene and wood for stoves and fireplaces.

Health, personal and household products

Prescription pharmaceuticals

Include: Drugs purchased with a prescription.

Exclude: Over-the-counter drugs and drugs purchased without a prescription.

Non-prescription pharmaceuticals

Include: Over-the-counter drugs (except vitamin, mineral, and other health supplements), non-prescription drugs (except vitamin, mineral, and other health supplements) and non prescription sleeping aids.

Exclude: Drugs purchased with a prescription and other toiletries/personal care products.

Vitamin, mineral and other health supplements

Include: Herbal health supplement remedies, mineral health supplements, nutritional power bars, vitamins or multivitamins and body enhancing supplements.

Prescription eyewear

Include: Prescription glasses (eyeglasses) or spectacles, contact lenses (with prescription) and prescription sunglasses.

Exclude: Eyewear bought without a prescription (including sunglasses), frames bought separately, eyeglass cases and other accessories and contact lens solutions and cleaners.

Non-prescription eyewear

Include: Non-prescription sunglasses, non-prescription glasses or eyeglasses, eyewear accessories, eyeglass cases, eyeglass frames bought separately and non-prescription contact lenses.

Exclude: Prescription eyewear, including prescription sunglasses and contact lenses and contact lens solutions and cleaners.

Home health products, not elsewhere classified

Include: Home health care equipment and supplies, parts and accessories of home health care equipment and supplies, sick room equipment and supplies, artificial limbs, bedpans, braces, walking canes, crutches, first-aid kits, hearing aids, orthotic devices, health care thermometers, walkers health care equipment, walkers medical equipment and wheelchairs.

Exclude: Eyewear, orthopedic shoes, exercise and fitness equipment and drugs/medications.

Disposable diapers

Include: Disposable baby diapers and disposable adult diapers.

Infants' and children's car seats

Include: Infants' or children's car seats.

Strollers and infant care products, not elsewhere classified

Include: Baby carriers, baby strollers, baby carriages, baby monitors and baby walkers.

Cosmetics and fragrances

Include: Cosmetics and fragrances (except personal care goods), concealer makeup, face powder makeup, rouge (blush or blusher) makeup, contour powder or cream makeup, highlight (cream, liquid or powder) makeup, bronzer makeup, mascara, nail colour polishes, makeup removers, face creams and lotions, hand lotions or cream and facial masks or peels.

Toiletries

Include: Personal toiletries, hair shampoos and conditioners, aftershave (cream, liquid or gel), shaving creams or gels, toothpastes, skin lotions, personal liquid soap, personal soaps, bath and shower gels, bath and shower oils, bath and shower salts, personal deodorants, personal anti-persperants, body or skin toners, mouthwashes, denture cleaners, non-electric toothbrushes, non-electric razors, non-electric depilatories, razor blades, hand mirrors, pumice stones, rubbing alcohol, haircare preparations, foot care sprays, foot care powders and astringents.

Feminine hygiene products

Include: Sanitary napkins, sanitary towels, pantyliners and menstrual cups.

Personal care supplies and equipment, not elsewhere classified

Include: Wigs, toupees, hair pieces, baby care products, bandages, personal hair bleaches, condoms, contact lens solutions and cleaners, non-prescription contraceptives, cosmetic bags, cotton balls and batting, emery boards, nail files or clippers, health and beauty aids, hot water bottles, nail polishers and removers, artificial finger nails, non-electric personal care products (except toiletries), pregnancy test kits, prophylactics, optical saline solutions, sunscreens and petroleum jelly.

Exclude: Electric personal care appliances (shavers, razors, toothbrushes, hair dryers, curling irons, heating pads, etc.), drugs, cosmetics and fragrances, eyewear, hair accessories and home health care equipment and supplies (crutches, canes, wheelchairs, etc.).

Hardware, tools, renovation and lawn and garden products

Hardware

Include: Builders' hardware, home hardware, farm hardware, cabinet hardware, furniture hardware, kitchen hardware. (Including locksets, key blanks, fasteners, nuts, bolts, nails, screws, washers, hinges, knobs and pulls, etc.)

Hand tools

Include: Files and rasps, non-powered glue guns and glue, hammers, hatchets, non-automotive jacks, ladders, measuring tapes, propane torch kits, non-power mechanics' tools, non-powered hand tools (except garden tools), non-powered staple guns, snow shovels (except electric), hand tool belts and toolboxes for non-powered hand tools.

Exclude: Garden tools, hoes, rakes, garden shovels, spades, etc. Garden tools, hoes, rakes, garden shovels, spades, etc.

Power tools

Include: Power saws (except chain saws), rechargeable batteries for power tools, power tool batteries, power tools belts, power carpenters' tools, power mechanics' tools, electric snow shovels, electric snow scoops, soldering irons, toolboxes for power tools, power tools (except garden tools) and electric picks.

Exclude: Chainsaws.

Major household air conditioning, heating and water heating equipment

Include: Central air conditioners, household air exchangers, household air cleaners, baseboard heaters, furnace belts, household air or heating ducts, air or heating vents, water heating equipment and cooling equipment and supplies.

Plumbing and electrical supplies (including fixtures)

Include: Bathtubs, cables (electrical), home circuit breakers, electrical equipment and supplies, exhaust fans, faucets, fireplace inserts, home heating furnaces, fuse boxes, heating equipment and supplies, humidifiers attached to furnace, indoor Jacuzzis, light plugs, home plumbing pipes or valves, stove pipes, electrical plates or covers, plumbing equipment and supplies, home power generators, shower heads, sinks, solar panel heating kits, home electrical switches, home electrical plugs, household thermostat, household toilets, indoor whirlpools and woodstoves.

Paint, painting supplies and wallpaper

Include: Household paint brushes or rollers, paint strippers or thinners, household paint, wood stains, varnishes and household wallpaper.

Exclude: Craft and artists' paints and thinners, automotive paints and glass.

Flooring, floor coverings and floor and wall tiles

Include: Carpets or rugs, household floor mats (except bath and for fitness equipment), floor tiles, ceramic, porcelain, clay, vinyl or cork countertops, fireplace tiles, hardwood or parquet flooring and linoleum flooring.

Exclude: Ceiling tiles.

Lumber and other renovation materials and supplies

Include: Baseboard trim, bathroom cabinets (except medicine), fibreglass insulation batting, structural beams, lumber boards, building or paving bricks, caulking compounds, ceiling tiles, corrugated steel roofing, countertops, doors, drywall, eavestroughing, fencing, door or window frames, garage door, kitchen cabinets, building lumber, medium density fibreboard sheets, moulding, plywood, posts or poles, prefabricated stairs and other structural pieces, shingles, outdoor shutters, siding, non-automotive weather-stripping, windows and pressure-treated wood.

Exclude: Hardwood flooring, tiles, marble and granite.

Hardware and renovation related products, not elsewhere classified

Include: Ceiling fans, household interior or exterior lighting fixtures, decorative mirrors, convex or concave mirrors for security, household alarm systems, asphalt sealing compounds, industrial cleaning compounds, concrete sealing compounds, driveway sealing compounds (oil base or acrylic), duct tape, electrical tape, flagpoles, garage door openers, industrial glues or adhesives, general purpose lubricating greases, house numbers or letters, mailboxes hardware, masking tape, medicine cabinets, lubricating oils (except cooking and automotive), water pressure cleaners, propane torch cylinders, sandpaper, shelving or brackets, vacuum cleaners or shop vacs, non-electrical wire and safety equipment (except safety clothing and footwear for women, men, children and infants).

Lawnmowers, snowblowers and gardening tools

Include: Chain saws, new garden tractors, lawnmowers, snowblowers, tillers, leaf loaders, trimmers, concrete curbing machines, gardening tools, top soil mixtures lawn dressings, lawn sprinklers, plant and tree pruners, garden shovels, garden spades, garden tools, wheelbarrows, outdoor urns and outdoor planters.

Live plants, seeds and other home and garden supplies (except agricultural fertilizers and pesticides)

Include: Outdoor hot tubs, outdoor spas, outdoor whirlpools, above ground pools, plant bulbs, bushes and shrubs, cut real Christmas trees, lawn and garden flowers, peat moss, lawn and garden plants, nursery stock seedlings, seeds, sod, outdoor soil, nursery stock trees, live plants, picnic tables, barbecues and accessories, composters, lawn ornaments, outdoor specialty lighting, pool chemicals and propane tanks for barbecues.

Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment rental and leasing services (except office equipment)

Include: Rental and non-financial leasing services of air, rail, and water transportation equipment (without operator) or other commercial or industrial machinery (without operator).

Exclude: Rental and leasing services of office equipment.

Miscellaneous retail products

Pets

Include: Domestic and exotic household pets.

Exclude: Pet food, accessories and supplies (see pet foods, supplies and accessories).

Pet food, supplies and accessories

Include: Pet foods, snacks and treats, wild bird feed, pet toys, leashes, shampoo, clippers, aquariums, cages, beds, etc.

Exclude: Pets (see pets), tack and saddlery (see sporting equipment not elsewhere classified).

Tobacco products and accessories

Include: Tobacco, cigarettes, cigars, pipes, lighters, rolling machines, cigarette holders, snuff, etc.

Exclude: Matches (see miscellaneous household supplies not elsewhere classified).

Home office equipment, not elsewhere classified

Home office supplies, not elsewhere classified

Include: Home office computer inkjet cartridges, desk accessories, home office supplies (pens, pencils, markers, scotch tape, etc.), stationery (notepads, notebooks, envelopes, file folders, etc.), gift wraps and party supplies.

Farm equipment

Include: New and used tractors, hay balers, harrows, combines, horse and cattle trailers and other specialized farm equipment (include parts).

Farm supplies

Include: Animal feed, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides, herbicides and livestock.

Supplies for beer and wine making

Include: Concentrates, malts, beer and wine making chemicals, corks and beer caps, beer and wine making labels and bottles.

Exclude: Fees for beer and/or wine making.

Cut flowers, indoor potted plants and floral supplies

Include: Cut flowers, indoor potted plants, potting soil and floral supplies.

Exclude: Fertilizers, pesticides, insecticides, herbicides and outdoor nursery stock and supplies.

Monuments and tombstones

Include: Coffins, caskets, tombstones and urns.

Manufactured mobile homes

Include: New and used mobile homes.

Professional and scientific instruments

Include: Microscopes, surveyor's equipment, laboratory equipment, telescopes, etc.

Equipment and supplies for nonfarm activities, not elsewhere classified

Include: Audio and video mixers, new personal aircraft and new aircraft parts and accessories.

Miscellaneous retail products not elsewhere classified

Include: Novelties, pins and crests, souvenirs, gift certificates, etc.

Artwork

Include: Sculptures, paintings, original drawings and artwork carvings.

Collectors' items

Include: Stamps, coins, cards, autographed items, related albums, etc.

Antiques, and used or second-hand merchandise (except motor vehicles and mobile homes)

Include: Used, second-hand or antique goods such as sporting goods, clothing, footwear, furniture, appliances, computers, electronics, books, musical instruments, musical recordings, CDs, DVDs and jewellery.

Exclude: Used automobiles, used automotive parts and accessories and used mobile homes.

Other retail

Retail trade commissions (except commissions from the provision of a service)

Include: Commissions earned from retail trade and commissions from catalogue sales.

Miscellaneous services

Office machinery and equipment rental and leasing services (except computer equipment)

Include: Rental and non-financial leasing services of office furniture and equipment.

Exclude: Rental and leasing services of computer equipment.

Rental and leasing services of other goods (except movies and games on DVD's, tapes and cassettes)

Include: Rental and leasing services of audiovisual equipment and appliances, of formal wear, costumes and accessories, of home health care equipment, of equipment for parties and other social events, of recreational goods and equipment, rental and non-financial leasing services of household furniture and furnishings.

Exclude: Rental and leasing services of movies and games on DVD's, tapes and cassettes.

Repair and maintenance services (except for buildings and motor vehicles)

Include: Maintenance and repair services for commercial and industrial machinery and equipment, electronic and precision equipment and personal and household goods, computer hardware, boats, tent trailers, motorcycles, snowmobiles, sporting equipment, etc.

Exclude: Repair and maintenance services for buildings and motor vehicles.

Other goods and services

2021 Census of Agriculture Content Consultation

Consultation objectives

Before each census, Statistics Canada initiates an extensive consultation program that allows data users and interested parties across Canada to share their views on how they use census data and the type of information they believe should be available from the Census.

Data from the Census of Agriculture is important because it provides a comprehensive and integrated profile of the physical, economic, social and environmental aspects of Canada’s agriculture industry.

Methodology

In preparation for the 2021 Census of Agriculture, Statistics Canada collected feedback from data users from September 2017 to October 2017. There were two ways for data users to provide feedback throughout the 2021 Census of Agriculture consultation process: (1) by attending a 2021 Census of Agriculture consultation workshop (in person or online) and (2) by submitting a 2021 Census of Agriculture submission form.

Feedback from the consultations were used to modify content which was then tested by conducting one-on-one interviews with farmers.

The final stage of testing for the 2021 Census of Agriculture was the 2019 Census of Agriculture Test, which began on May 6, 2019, and ended on June 28, 2019. A sample of 10,000 agricultural operations was selected from across Canada. The sample was targeted to include specific language profiles and farm characteristics.

How to get involved

This consultation is now closed.

In the fall of 2017, Statistics Canada conducted Consultation workshops across Canada. The information provided from data users helped Statistics Canada determine the content for the 2021 Census of Agriculture.

Statistics Canada thanks all consultation participants.

Results

The main goal of the 2021 Content Consultation Report is to describe to Canadians the research, methodology, and testing processes involved in developing relevant questionnaire content for the 2021 Census of Agriculture.

The "2021 Census of Agriculture Content Consultation Report" presents findings on data needs, gaps and relevance for the Census of Agriculture.

The first section of the report details who was consulted and how their data needs and gaps were assessed. The second section highlights the testing and analysis of new content based on user submissions. The last section of the report summarizes the sampling and validation strategies for the 2019 Census of Agriculture Test.

Date modified:

Concepts, definitions and data quality

The Monthly Survey of Manufacturing (MSM) publishes statistical series for manufacturers – sales of goods manufactured, inventories, unfilled orders and new orders. The values of these characteristics represent current monthly estimates of the more complete Annual Survey of Manufactures and Logging (ASML) data.

The MSM is a sample survey of approximately 10,500 Canadian manufacturing establishments, which are categorized into over 220 industries. Industries are classified according to the 2012 North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS). Seasonally adjusted series are available for the main aggregates.

An establishment comprises the smallest manufacturing unit capable of reporting the variables of interest. Data collected by the MSM provides a current ‘snapshot’ of sales of goods manufactured values by the Canadian manufacturing sector, enabling analysis of the state of the Canadian economy, as well as the health of specific industries in the short- to medium-term. The information is used by both private and public sectors including Statistics Canada, federal and provincial governments, business and trade entities, international and domestic non-governmental organizations, consultants, the business press and private citizens. The data are used for analyzing market share, trends, corporate benchmarking, policy analysis, program development, tax policy and trade policy.

1. Sales of goods manufactured

Sales of goods manufactured (formerly shipments of goods manufactured) are defined as the value of goods manufactured by establishments that have been shipped to a customer. Sales of goods manufactured exclude any wholesaling activity, and any revenues from the rental of equipment or the sale of electricity. Note that in practice, some respondents report financial transactions rather than payments for work done. Sales of goods manufactured are available by 3-digit NAICS, for Canada and broken down by province.

For the aerospace product and parts, and shipbuilding industries, the value of production is used instead of sales of goods manufactured. This value is calculated by adjusting monthly sales of goods manufactured by the monthly change in inventories of goods / work in process and finished goods manufactured. Inventories of raw materials and components are not included in the calculation since production tries to measure "work done" during the month. This is done in order to reduce distortions caused by the sales of goods manufactured of high value items as completed sales.

2. Inventories

Measurement of component values of inventory is important for economic studies as well as for derivation of production values. Respondents are asked to report their book values (at cost) of raw materials and components, any goods / work in process, and finished goods manufactured inventories separately. In some cases, respondents estimate a total inventory figure, which is allocated on the basis of proportions reported on the ASML. Inventory levels are calculated on a Canada‑wide basis, not by province.

3. Orders

a) Unfilled Orders

Unfilled orders represent a backlog or stock of orders that will generate future sales of goods manufactured assuming that they are not cancelled. As with inventories, unfilled orders and new orders levels are calculated on a Canada‑wide basis, not by province.

The MSM produces estimates for unfilled orders for all industries except for those industries where orders are customarily filled from stocks on hand and order books are not generally maintained. In the case of the aircraft companies, options to purchase are not treated as orders until they are entered into the accounting system.

b) New Orders

New orders represent current demand for manufactured products. Estimates of new orders are derived from sales of goods manufactured and unfilled orders data. All sales of goods manufactured within a month result from either an order received during the month or at some earlier time. New orders can be calculated as the sum of sales of goods manufactured adjusted for the monthly change in unfilled orders.

4. Non-Durable / Durable goods

a) Non-durable goods industries include:

Food (NAICS 311),
Beverage and Tobacco Products (312),
Textile Mills (313),
Textile Product Mills (314),
Clothing (315),
Leather and Allied Products (316),
Paper (322),
Printing and Related Support Activities (323),
Petroleum and Coal Products (324),
Chemicals (325) and
Plastic and Rubber Products (326).

b) Durable goods industries include:

Wood Products (NAICS 321),
Non-Metallic Mineral Products (327),
Primary Metals (331),
Fabricated Metal Products (332),
Machinery (333),
Computer and Electronic Products (334),
Electrical Equipment, Appliance and Components (335),
Transportation Equipment (336),
Furniture and Related Products (337) and
Miscellaneous Manufacturing (339).

Survey design and methodology

Concept Review

In 2007, the MSM terminology was updated to be Charter of Accounts (COA) compliant. With the August 2007 reference month release the MSM has harmonized its concepts to the ASML. The variable formerly called “Shipments” is now called “Sales of goods manufactured”. As well, minor modifications were made to the inventory component names. The definitions have not been modified nor has the information collected from the survey.

Methodology

The latest sample design incorporates the 2012 North American Industrial Classification Standard (NAICS). Stratification is done by province with equal quality requirements for each province. Large size units are selected with certainty and small units are selected with a probability based on the desired quality of the estimate within a cell.

The estimation system generates estimates using the NAICS. The estimates will also continue to be reconciled to the ASML. Provincial estimates for all variables will be produced. A measure of quality (CV) will also be produced.

Components of the Survey Design

Target Population and Sampling Frame

Statistics Canada’s business register provides the sampling frame for the MSM. The target population for the MSM consists of all statistical establishments on the business register that are classified to the manufacturing sector (by NAICS). The sampling frame for the MSM is determined from the target population after subtracting establishments that represent the bottom 5% of the total manufacturing sales of goods manufactured estimate for each province. These establishments were excluded from the frame so that the sample size could be reduced without significantly affecting quality.

The Sample

The MSM sample is a probability sample comprised of approximately 10,500 establishments. A new sample was chosen in the autumn of 2012, followed by a six-month parallel run (from reference month September 2012 to reference month February 2013). The refreshed sample officially became the new sample of the MSM effective in December 2012.

This marks the first process of refreshing the MSM sample since 2007. The objective of the process is to keep the sample frame as fresh and up-to date as possible. All establishments in the sample are refreshed to take into account changes in their value of sales of goods manufactured, the removal of dead units from the sample and some small units are rotated out of the GST-based portion of the sample, while others are rotated into the sample.

Prior to selection, the sampling frame is subdivided into industry-province cells. For the most part, NAICS codes were used. Depending upon the number of establishments within each cell, further subdivisions were made to group similar sized establishments’ together (called stratum). An establishment’s size was based on its most recently available annual sales of goods manufactured or sales value.

Each industry by province cell has a ‘take-all’ stratum composed of establishments sampled each month with certainty. This ‘take-all’ stratum is composed of establishments that are the largest statistical enterprises, and have the largest impact on estimates within a particular industry by province cell. These large statistical enterprises comprise 45% of the national manufacturing sales of goods manufactured estimates.

Each industry by province cell can have at most three ‘take-some’ strata. Not all establishments within these stratums need to be sampled with certainty. A random sample is drawn from the remaining strata. The responses from these sampled establishments are weighted according to the inverse of their probability of selection. In cells with take-some portion, a minimum sample of 10 was imposed to increase stability.

The take-none portion of the sample is now estimated from administrative data and as a result, 100% of the sample universe is covered. Estimation of the take-none portion also improved efficiency as a larger take-none portion was delineated and the sample could be used more efficiently on the smaller sampled portion of the frame.

Data Collection

Only a subset of the sample establishments is sent out for data collection. For the remaining units, information from administrative data files is used as a source for deriving sales of goods manufactured data. For those establishments that are surveyed, data collection, data capture, preliminary edit and follow-up of non-respondents are all performed in Statistics Canada regional offices. Sampled establishments are contacted by mail or telephone according to the preference of the respondent. Data capture and preliminary editing are performed simultaneously to ensure the validity of the data.

In some cases, combined reports are received from enterprises or companies with more than one establishment in the sample where respondents prefer not to provide individual establishment reports. Businesses, which do not report or whose reports contain errors, are followed up immediately.

Use of Administrative Data

Managing response burden is an ongoing challenge for Statistics Canada. In an attempt to alleviate response burden, especially for small businesses, Statistics Canada has been investigating various alternatives to survey taking. Administrative data files are a rich source of information for business data and Statistics Canada is working at mining this rich data source to its full potential. As such, effective the August 2004 reference month, the MSM reduced the number of simple establishments in the sample that are surveyed directly and instead, derives sales of goods manufactured data for these establishments from Goods and Services Tax (GST) files using a statistical model. The model accounts for the difference between sales of goods manufactured (reported to MSM) and sales (reported for GST purposes) as well as the time lag between the reference period of the survey and the reference period of the GST file.

Effective from the January 2013 reference month, the MSM derives sales of goods manufactured data for non-incorporated establishments (e.g. the self employed) from T1 files. A statistical model is used to transform T1 data into sales of goods manufactured data.

In conjunction with the most recent sample, effective December 2012, approximately 2,800 simple establishments were selected to represent the GST portion of the sample.

Inventories and unfilled orders estimates for establishments where sales of goods manufactured are GST-based are derived using the MSM’s imputation system. The imputation system applies to the previous month values, the month-to-month and year-to-year changes in similar firms which are surveyed. With the most recent sample, the eligibility rules for GST-based establishments were refined to have more GST-based establishments in industries that typically carry fewer inventories. This way the impact of the GST-based establishments which require the estimation of inventories, will be kept to a minimum.

Detailed information on the methodology used for modelling sales of goods manufactured from administrative data sources can be found in the ‘Monthly Survey of Manufacturing: Use of Administrative Data’ (Catalogue no. 31-533-XIE) document.

Data quality

Statistical Edit and Imputation

Data are analyzed within each industry-province cell. Extreme values are listed for inspection by the magnitude of the deviation from average behavior. Respondents are contacted to verify extreme values. Records that fail statistical edits are considered outliers and are not used for imputation.

Values are imputed for the non-responses, for establishments that do not report or only partially complete the survey form. A number of imputation methods are used depending on the variable requiring treatment. Methods include using industry-province cell trends, historical responses, or reference to the ASML. Following imputation, the MSM staff performs a final verification of the responses that have been imputed.

Revisions

In conjunction with preliminary estimates for the current month, estimates for the previous three months are revised to account for any late returns. Data are revised when late responses are received or if an incorrect response was recorded earlier.

Estimation

Estimates are produced based on returns from a sample of manufacturing establishments in combination with administrative data for a portion of the smallest establishments. The survey sample includes 100% coverage of the large manufacturing establishments in each industry by province, plus partial coverage of the medium and small-sized firms. Combined reports from multi-unit companies are pro-rated among their establishments and adjustments for progress billings reflect revenues received for work done on large item contracts. Approximately 2,800 of the sampled medium and small-sized establishments are not sent questionnaires, but instead their sales of goods manufactured are derived by using revenue from the GST files. The portion not represented through sampling – the take-none portion - consist of establishments below specified thresholds in each province and industry. Sub-totals for this portion are also derived based on their revenues.

Industry values of sales of goods manufactured, inventories and unfilled orders are estimated by first weighting the survey responses, the values derived from the GST files and the imputations by the number of establishments each represents. The weighted estimates are then summed with the take-none portion. While sales of goods manufactured estimates are produced by province, no geographical detail is compiled for inventories and orders since many firms cannot report book values of these items monthly.

Benchmarking

Up to and including 2003, the MSM was benchmarked to the Annual Survey of Manufactures and Logging (ASML). Benchmarking was the regular review of the MSM estimates in the context of the annual data provided by the ASML. Benchmarking re-aligned the annualized level of the MSM based on the latest verified annual data provided by the ASML.

Significant research by Statistics Canada in 2006-2007 was completed on whether the benchmark process should be maintained. The conclusion was that benchmarking of the MSM estimates to the ASML should be discontinued. With the refreshing of the MSM sample in 2007, it was determined that benchmarking would no longer be required (retroactive to 2004) because the MSM now accurately represented 100% of the sample universe. Data confrontation will continue between MSM and ASML to resolve potential discrepancies.

As of the December 2012 reference month, a new sample was introduced. It is standard practice that every few years the sample is refreshed to ensure that the survey frame is up to date with births, deaths and other changes in the population. The refreshed sample is linked at the detailed level to prevent data breaks and to ensure the continuity of time series. It is designed to be more representative of the manufacturing industry at both the national and provincial levels.

Data confrontation and reconciliation

Each year, during the period when the Annual Survey of Manufactures and Logging section set their annual estimates, the MSM section works with the ASML section to confront and reconcile significant differences in values between the fiscal ASML and the annual MSM at the strata and industry level.

The purpose of this exercise of data reconciliation is to highlight and resolve significant differences between the two surveys and to assist in minimizing the differences in the micro-data between the MSM and the ASML.

Sampling and Non-sampling Errors

The statistics in this publication are estimates derived from a sample survey and, as such, can be subject to errors. The following material is provided to assist the reader in the interpretation of the estimates published.

Estimates derived from a sample survey are subject to a number of different kinds of errors. These errors can be broken down into two major types: sampling and non-sampling.

1. Sampling Errors

Sampling errors are an inherent risk of sample surveys. They result from the difference between the value of a variable if it is randomly sampled and its value if a census is taken (or the average of all possible random values). These errors are present because observations are made only on a sample and not on the entire population.

The sampling error depends on factors such as the size of the sample, variability in the population, sampling design and method of estimation. For example, for a given sample size, the sampling error will depend on the stratification procedure employed, allocation of the sample, choice of the sampling units and method of selection. (Further, even for the same sampling design, we can make different calculations to arrive at the most efficient estimation procedure.) The most important feature of probability sampling is that the sampling error can be measured from the sample itself.

2. Non-sampling Errors

Non-sampling errors result from a systematic flaw in the structure of the data-collection procedure or design of any or all variables examined. They create a difference between the value of a variable obtained by sampling or census methods and the variable’s true value. These errors are present whether a sample or a complete census of the population is taken. Non-sampling errors can be attributed to one or more of the following sources:

a) Coverage error: This error can result from incomplete listing and inadequate coverage of the population of interest.

b) Data response error: This error may be due to questionnaire design, the characteristics of a question, inability or unwillingness of the respondent to provide correct information, misinterpretation of the questions or definitional problems.

c) Non-response error: Some respondents may refuse to answer questions, some may be unable to respond, and others may be too late in responding. Data for the non-responding units can be imputed using the data from responding units or some earlier data on the non-responding units if available.

The extent of error due to imputation is usually unknown and is very much dependent on any characteristic differences between the respondent group and the non-respondent group in the survey. This error generally decreases with increases in the response rate and attempts are therefore made to obtain as high a response rate as possible.

d) Processing error: These errors may occur at various stages of processing such as coding, data entry, verification, editing, weighting, and tabulation, etc. Non-sampling errors are difficult to measure. More important, non-sampling errors require control at the level at which their presence does not impair the use and interpretation of the results.

Measures have been undertaken to minimize the non-sampling errors. For example, units have been defined in a most precise manner and the most up-to-date listings have been used. Questionnaires have been carefully designed to minimize different interpretations. As well, detailed acceptance testing has been carried out for the different stages of editing and processing and every possible effort has been made to reduce the non-response rate as well as the response burden.

Measures of Sampling and Non-sampling Errors

1. Sampling Error Measures

The sample used in this survey is one of a large number of all possible samples of the same size that could have been selected using the same sample design under the same general conditions. If it was possible that each one of these samples could be surveyed under essentially the same conditions, with an estimate calculated from each sample, it would be expected that the sample estimates would differ from each other.

The average estimate derived from all these possible sample estimates is termed the expected value. The expected value can also be expressed as the value that would be obtained if a census enumeration were taken under identical conditions of collection and processing. An estimate calculated from a sample survey is said to be precise if it is near the expected value.

Sample estimates may differ from this expected value of the estimates. However, since the estimate is based on a probability sample, the variability of the sample estimate with respect to its expected value can be measured. The variance of an estimate is a measure of the precision of the sample estimate and is defined as the average, over all possible samples, of the squared difference of the estimate from its expected value.

The standard error is a measure of precision in absolute terms. The coefficient of variation (CV), defined as the standard error divided by the sample estimate, is a measure of precision in relative terms. For comparison purposes, one may more readily compare the sampling error of one estimate to the sampling error of another estimate by using the coefficient of variation.

In this publication, the coefficient of variation is used to measure the sampling error of the estimates. However, since the coefficient of variation published for this survey is calculated from the responses of individual units, it also measures some non-sampling error.

The formula used to calculate the published coefficients of variation (CV) in Table 1 is:

CV(X) = S(X)/X

where X denotes the estimate and S(X) denotes the standard error of X.

In this publication, the coefficient of variation is expressed as a percentage.

Confidence intervals can be constructed around the estimate using the estimate and the coefficient of variation. Thus, for our sample, it is possible to state with a given level of confidence that the expected value will fall within the confidence interval constructed around the estimate. For example, if an estimate of $12,000,000 has a coefficient of variation of 10%, the standard error will be $1,200,000 or the estimate multiplied by the coefficient of variation. It can then be stated with 68% confidence that the expected value will fall within the interval whose length equals the standard deviation about the estimate, i.e., between $10,800,000 and $13,200,000. Alternatively, it can be stated with 95% confidence that the expected value will fall within the interval whose length equals two standard deviations about the estimate, i.e., between $9,600,000 and $14,400,000.

Text table 1 contains the national level CVs, expressed as a percentage, for all manufacturing for the MSM characteristics. For CVs at other aggregate levels, contact the Dissemination and Frame Services Section at (613) 951-9497, toll free: 1-866-873-8789 or by e-mail at manufact@statcan.gc.ca.

Text table 1: National Level CVs by Characteristic
Table summary
This table displays the results of Text table 1: National Level CVs by Characteristic. The information is grouped by MONTH (appearing as row headers), Sales of goods manufactured, Raw materials and components inventories, Goods / work in process inventories, Finished goods manufactured inventories and Unfilled Orders, calculated using % units of measure (appearing as column headers).
MONTH Sales of goods manufactured Raw materials and components inventories Goods / work in process inventories Finished goods manufactured inventories Unfilled Orders
%
January 2016 0.57 1.11 0.87 1.17 0.65
February 2016 0.59 1.12 0.88 1.17 0.65
March 2016 0.61 1.20 0.91 1.18 0.64
April 2016 0.61 1.14 0.89 1.19 0.62
May 2016 0.60 1.11 0.88 1.20 0.61
June 2016 0.63 1.10 0.87 1.19 0.60
July 2016 0.64 1.10 0.89 1.16 0.61
August 2016 0.64 1.10 0.83 1.17 0.60
September 2016 0.64 1.11 0.93 1.18 0.61
October 2016 0.64 1.11 0.81 1.14 0.62
November 2016 0.61 1.15 0.81 1.11 0.59
December 2016 0.58 1.17 0.85 1.13 0.60
January 2017 0.62 1.20 0.91 1.13 0.65
February 2017 0.60 1.18 0.86 1.13 0.67
March 2017 0.61 1.22 0.83 1.16 0.68

2. Non-sampling Error Measures

The exact population value is aimed at or desired by both a sample survey as well as a census. We say the estimate is accurate if it is near this value. Although this value is desired, we cannot assume that the exact value of every unit in the population or sample can be obtained and processed without error. Any difference between the expected value and the exact population value is termed the bias. Systematic biases in the data cannot be measured by the probability measures of sampling error as previously described. The accuracy of a survey estimate is determined by the joint effect of sampling and non-sampling errors.

Sources of non-sampling error in the MSM include non-response error, imputation error and the error due to editing. To assist users in evaluating these errors, weighted rates are given in Text table 2. The following is an example of what is meant by a weighted rate. A cell with a sample of 20 units in which five respond for a particular month would have a response rate of 25%. If these five reporting units represented $8 million out of a total estimate of $10 million, the weighted response rate would be 80%.

The definitions for the weighted rates noted in Text table 2 follow. The weighted response and edited rate is the proportion of a characteristic’s total estimate that is based upon reported data and includes data that has been edited. The weighted imputation rate is the proportion of a characteristic’s total estimate that is based upon imputed data. The weighted GST data rate is the proportion of the characteristic’s total estimate that is derived from Goods and Services Tax files (GST files). The weighted take-none fraction rate is the proportion of the characteristic’s total estimate modeled from administrative data.

Text table 2 contains the weighted rates for each of the characteristics at the national level for all of manufacturing. In the table, the rates are expressed as percentages.

Text Table 2: National Weighted Rates by Source and Characteristic
Table summary
This table displays the results of Text Table 2: National Weighted Rates by Source and Characteristic. The information is grouped by Characteristics (appearing as row headers), Data source, Response or edited, Imputed, GST data and Take-none fraction, calculated using % units of measure (appearing as column headers).
Characteristics Data source
Response or edited Imputed GST data Take-none fraction
%
Sales of goods manufactured 84.0 4.0 7.3 4.7
Raw materials and components 75.4 18.8 0.0 5.8
Goods / work in process 81.4 14.1 0.0 4.5
Finished goods manufactured 77.3 17.2 0.0 5.5
Unfilled Orders 90.2 6.1 0.0 3.7

Joint Interpretation of Measures of Error

The measure of non-response error as well as the coefficient of variation must be considered jointly to have an overview of the quality of the estimates. The lower the coefficient of variation and the higher the weighted response rate, the better will be the published estimate.

Seasonal Adjustment

Economic time series contain the elements essential to the description, explanation and forecasting of the behavior of an economic phenomenon. They are statistical records of the evolution of economic processes through time. In using time series to observe economic activity, economists and statisticians have identified four characteristic behavioral components: the long-term movement or trend, the cycle, the seasonal variations and the irregular fluctuations. These movements are caused by various economic, climatic or institutional factors. The seasonal variations occur periodically on a more or less regular basis over the course of a year. These variations occur as a result of seasonal changes in weather, statutory holidays and other events that occur at fairly regular intervals and thus have a significant impact on the rate of economic activity.

In the interest of accurately interpreting the fundamental evolution of an economic phenomenon and producing forecasts of superior quality, Statistics Canada uses the X12-ARIMA seasonal adjustment method to seasonally adjust its time series. This method minimizes the impact of seasonal variations on the series and essentially consists of adding one year of estimated raw data to the end of the original series before it is seasonally adjusted per se. The estimated data are derived from forecasts using ARIMA (Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average) models of the Box-Jenkins type.

The X-12 program uses primarily a ratio-to-moving average method. It is used to smooth the modified series and obtain a preliminary estimate of the trend-cycle. It also calculates the ratios of the original series (fitted) to the estimates of the trend-cycle and estimates the seasonal factors from these ratios. The final seasonal factors are produced only after these operations have been repeated several times. The technique that is used essentially consists of first correcting the initial series for all sorts of undesirable effects, such as the trading-day and the Easter holiday effects, by a module called regARIMA. These effects are then estimated using regression models with ARIMA errors. The series can also be extrapolated for at least one year by using the model. Subsequently, the raw series, pre-adjusted and extrapolated if applicable, is seasonally adjusted by the X-12 method.

The procedures to determine the seasonal factors necessary to calculate the final seasonally adjusted data are executed every month. This approach ensures that the estimated seasonal factors are derived from an unadjusted series that includes all the available information about the series, i.e. the current month's unadjusted data as well as the previous month's revised unadjusted data.

While seasonal adjustment permits a better understanding of the underlying trend-cycle of a series, the seasonally adjusted series still contains an irregular component. Slight month-to-month variations in the seasonally adjusted series may be simple irregular movements. To get a better idea of the underlying trend, users should examine several months of the seasonally adjusted series.

The aggregated Canada level series are now seasonally adjusted directly, meaning that the seasonally adjusted totals are obtained via X12-ARIMA. Afterwards, these totals are used to reconcile the provincial total series which have been seasonally adjusted individually.

For other aggregated series, indirect seasonal adjustments are used. In other words, their seasonally adjusted totals are derived indirectly by the summation of the individually seasonally adjusted kinds of business.

Trend

A seasonally adjusted series may contain the effects of irregular influences and special circumstances and these can mask the trend. The short term trend shows the underlying direction in seasonally adjusted series by averaging across months, thus smoothing out the effects of irregular influences. The result is a more stable series. The trend for the last month may be subject to significant revision as values in future months are included in the averaging process.

Real manufacturing sales of goods manufactured, inventories, and orders

Changes in the values of the data reported by the Monthly Survey of Manufacturing (MSM) may be attributable to changes in their prices or to the quantities measured, or both. To study the activity of the manufacturing sector, it is often desirable to separate out the variations due to price changes from those of the quantities produced. This adjustment is known as deflation.

Deflation consists in dividing the values at current prices obtained from the survey by suitable price indexes in order to obtain estimates evaluated at the prices of a previous period, currently the year 2007. The resulting deflated values are said to be “at 2007 prices”. Note that the expression “at current prices” refer to the time the activity took place, not to the present time, nor to the time of compilation.

The deflated MSM estimates reflect the prices that prevailed in 2007. This is called the base year. The year 2007 was chosen as base year since it corresponds to that of the price indexes used in the deflation of the MSM estimates. Using the prices of a base year to measure current activity provides a representative measurement of the current volume of activity with respect to that base year. Current movements in the volume are appropriately reflected in the constant price measures only if the current relative importance of the industries is not very different from that in the base year.

The deflation of the MSM estimates is performed at a very fine industry detail, equivalent to the 6-digit industry classes of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). For each industry at this level of detail, the price indexes used are composite indexes which describe the price movements for the various groups of goods produced by that industry.

With very few exceptions the price indexes are weighted averages of the Industrial Product Price Indexes (IPPI). The weights are derived from the annual Canadian Input-Output tables and change from year to year. Since the Input-Output tables only become available with a delay of about two and a half years, the weights used for the most current years are based on the last available Input-Output tables.

The same price index is used to deflate sales of goods manufactured, new orders and unfilled orders of an industry. The weights used in the compilation of this price index are derived from the output tables, evaluated at producer’s prices. Producer prices reflect the prices of the goods at the gate of the manufacturing establishment and exclude such items as transportation charges, taxes on products, etc. The resulting price index for each industry thus reflects the output of the establishments in that industry.

The price indexes used for deflating the goods / work in process and the finished goods manufactured inventories of an industry are moving averages of the price index used for sales of goods manufactured. For goods / work in process inventories, the number of terms in the moving average corresponds to the duration of the production process. The duration is calculated as the average over the previous 48 months of the ratio of end of month goods / work in process inventories to the output of the industry, which is equal to sales of goods manufactured plus the changes in both goods / work in process and finished goods manufactured inventories.

For finished goods manufactured inventories, the number of terms in the moving average reflects the length of time a finished product remains in stock. This number, known as the inventory turnover period, is calculated as the average over the previous 48 months of the ratio of end-of-month finished goods manufactured inventory to sales of goods manufactured.

To deflate raw materials and components inventories, price indexes for raw materials consumption are obtained as weighted averages of the IPPIs. The weights used are derived from the input tables evaluated at purchaser’s prices, i.e. these prices include such elements as wholesaling margins, transportation charges, and taxes on products, etc. The resulting price index thus reflects the cost structure in raw materials and components for each industry.

The raw materials and components inventories are then deflated using a moving average of the price index for raw materials consumption. The number of terms in the moving average corresponds to the rate of consumption of raw materials. This rate is calculated as the average over the previous four years of the ratio of end-of-year raw materials and components inventories to the intermediate inputs of the industry.

Monthly Wholesale Trade Survey: Use of Administrative Data

The Monthly Wholesale Trade Survey (MWTS) is one of several business surveys conducted by Statistics Canada (StatCan) which generates estimates that measure the economic activity of Canada. This information is vital for governments and the private sector in their decision-making process. Respondent burden is an important issue faced by StatCan when conducting surveys. To mitigate some of this burden, StatCan has made great efforts in recent years to rationalize the data collected and orient surveys, where possible, towards the use of administrative data as a substitute for survey data.

About the Goods and Services Tax and the Monthly Wholesale Trade Survey

Goods and Services Tax

The GST, introduced in 1991, is a federal tax levied on the consumption of goods and services in Canada. The tax is collected by the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) for all provinces with the exception of Québec. All provinces, with the exception of Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland & Labrador, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, calculate the tax as a 5% charge on the value of the sale. In Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland & Labrador, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, the tax is a harmonized sales tax (HST) of 15%, which includes the GST and each province’s sales tax. In Ontario, the HST is 13%.

All businesses, with the exception of those with revenues under $30,000, are required to file GST remittances. Businesses with annual sales revenue greater than $6 million per year must file monthly returns. Businesses with revenues between $1.5 million and $6 million per year must remit quarterly. Businesses with revenues between $30,000 and $1.5 million submit annual remittances. Monthly and quarterly reporters must remit within 30 days of the period end date, while annual reporters must remit within 3 months of their period end date.

The GST file is sent by CRA to the Administrative Data Division (ADD) at StatCan. ADD subsequently carries out further processing which is solely for statistical purposes at StatCan. This processing ensures a clean and complete database to be accessed by the various business survey programs at StatCan. The ADD processing includes the correction of erroneous data, outlier detection and replacement of missing data through calendarization and extrapolation. The ADD processing is not intended to administer or monitor the GST program and no modifications are ever sent back to CRA.

Monthly Wholesale Trade Survey

The MWTS is a sample survey which provides monthly information on sales and inventories representing wholesalers in Canada.

In order to lessen response burden and to lower collection costs, the smallest units of the survey population (approximately the bottom 10% based on the dollar value of sales for each industry trade group by province) are excluded from being surveyed. This means that out of approximately 100,000 establishments in the wholesale sector in Canada in-scope for the survey, only about 20,000 have a possibility of being selected for the MWTS.

The MWTS sample is stratified based on industry, province or territory, and size (based on the annual dollar value of sales). Approximately 12,000 establishments are sampled from the 20,000 establishments in the sampling frame. The units remain the same from month to month, except for new units (births), which are sampled with the same probability as units in the original sampling frame.

The MWTS has been making extensive use of the GST data for more than ten years now. The main reason behind the introduction of tax data was to reduce the response burden, especially for the mid-size businesses. Given that the MWTS contact their respondents on a monthly basis and that units remain in the sample for approximately five years, one can see that being selected in this survey is quite demanding.

In the early 2000’s the MWTS was starting to see a decline in its response rates, especially in their mid-size businesses. The situation was becoming so pressing that something had to be done before those surveys were due for a restratification. It’s important to mention that the MWTS goes through a restratification approximately every five years. In a nutshell, this process involves recalculating the strata boundaries and selecting a new sample. Of course, large units in the population are so important to the economy that they will always be part of the sample, even after a restratification. But the mid-size units are removed from the old sample and replaced in the new sample with randomly selected units from the population. Therefore, given that it was not time to restratify this survey, something else had to be done to relieve the mid-size businesses from their burden. The idea was put forward to use tax data to model their survey data.

Studies were conducted to see how well tax data was correlated to survey data for the mid-size businesses. Not surprisingly, the correlation between their income on tax data and their total sales reported on survey data was very high. Based on this result, the following strategy was adopted. It was decided that some of the smaller mid-size businesses who had reported stable sales since joining the survey would not receive a questionnaire anymore. These units were commonly referred to as the S2 units. Instead, their survey data would be imputed with a value obtained from a regular linear regression model between tax and survey data fitted to the businesses of similar size who did receive a questionnaire and responded to the survey. This second group of units was referred to as the S1 units. Overall, there were approximately 1,000 units in the S2 group. Although not methodologically perfect, this stop gap measure served its purpose and still provided very good quality data given the very strong relationship observed between tax and survey data. However, it was clear that this solution would have to be replaced eventually with a more sound methodological approach. In recent years, efforts were made to use tax data at the estimation step through the implementation of a ratio estimator.

Using a ratio estimator in monthly surveys is not a new idea. Studies on the topic have been conducted since 2000. At that time, GST data had been available for only a few years for use as auxiliary variables in surveys, and some concepts underlying these data were not completely understood or documented. In addition, the system for processing these data was not as well-developed as the one that is used now.

Over the last 15 years, the methodology for processing GST data has continually improved, in terms of calendarization, imputation and allocation of business data to establishments. Everything is well documented and data quality is now excellent. Therefore, using GST data through a ratio estimator is now a promising avenue.

Ratio estimation consists of replacing the initial sampling weights (defined as the inverse of the probability of selection in the sample) by new weights in a manner that satisfies the constraints of calibration. Calibration ensures that the total of an auxiliary variable estimated using the sample must equal the sum of the auxiliary variable over the entire population, and that the new sampling weights are as close as possible (using a specific distance measure) to the initial sampling weights.

For example, suppose that the known population total of the auxiliary variable is equal to 100 and based on a sample the estimated total is equal to 90, so that we are underestimating by approximately 10%. Since we know the population total of the auxiliary variable, it would be reasonable to increase the weights of the sampled units so that the estimate would be exactly equal to it. Now since the variable of interest is related to the auxiliary variable, it is not unreasonable to believe that the estimate of the sales based on the same sample and weights as the estimate of the auxiliary variable may also be an underestimation by approximately 10%. If this is in fact the case, then the adjusted weights could be used to produce an alternative estimator of the total sales. This alternate estimator is called the ratio estimator.

In essence, the ratio estimator tries to compensate for ‘unlucky’ samples and brings the estimate closer to the true total. The gain in variance will depend on the strength of the relationship between the variable of interest and the auxiliary data.

A nice feature of the ratio estimator is that it can be used to get an estimate for the whole population, including the smallest units excluded from being surveyed. This is done by simply including the take-none portion in the control totals for the sample portion. By doing this, the weights for the sampled portion will be increased in such a way that the estimates will be adjusted to take into account the take-none portion.

Correlations between Monthly Wholesale Trade Survey sales and GST revenue

In order to determine whether the GST revenue data could be used as an auxiliary variable for ratio estimator, a good correlation between wholesale sales and GST revenue was required. The correlations when comparing the GST values of a particular month to the MWTS values of the same month are of good quality and even improve when the $0 values and outliers are removed.

However, due to timing constraints related to the release dates of the MWTS and the retrieval of tax data from CRA, the GST data are not available in time to be utilized by the MWTS for the current reference month. Data from the GST file that is one month prior to the MWTS reference month (e.g. February data for GST, March reference month for MWTS) is received in plenty of time for incorporation into the MWTS process. As illustrated in Table 1, the correlation between the current month’s sales from MWTS and the GST revenue from one month ago is also of good quality.

Table 1 - Correlations between sales (March 2004) and revenue (February 2004) Table 1
Correlations between sales (March 2004) and revenue (February 2004)
Table summary
This table displays the results of Correlations between sales (March 2004) and revenue (February 2004). The information is grouped by Type of units (appearing as row headers), Correlation Coefficient (appearing as column headers).
Type of units Correlation Coefficient
All units 0.802
$0 reporters removed 0.8621
$0 reporters and outliers removed 0.9214

The use of tax data has gradually increased in the MWTS. What started out as very basic methods evolved through the years, culminating in the recent adoption of the ratio estimator.

Contributions to percent change

The real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by industry series estimates by province and territory are based on the chain Fisher formulaNote 1, which is not additive. Non-additivity of the real series comes both from chaining and from the Fisher formula itself. Chaining destroys the additive consistency of accounting equations and the Fisher formula does not have the additivity property. The fact that the real aggregates are not additive makes it more difficult to measure the contribution of an individual aggregate, sector or industry to the total economy, as the sum of the underlying components does not add to the total. This problem of additivity increases the further the distance from the reference year and the more relative prices change.

There are a variety of ways to overcome this additivity issue. For an analysis of industry shares, current values (or current prices) may be a sufficient or even more desirable alternative, because they reflect the economic structure at the prices of the period under study. For growth analysis, however, current values are not always appropriate as they combine both changes in prices and in volumes. A useful complementary measure is provided by the Contributions to Percentage Change (CPC) formula, which presents a strictly additive decomposition of the variations in the aggregate. The formula re-weights the contributions of the detailed series in such a way that they become strictly additive to the total variation of the aggregate.

The CPC formula is a function of GDP at current values, the Paasche and Laspeyres volumes of GDP and the Fisher volume index.

Δ%i,t-1t=100×iCGDPtiiCGDPt-1i×LGDPtiCGDPt-1i+FVtCGDPtiPGDPt-1iiCGDPti+FVtiPGDPt-1i

Where:

CGDPi: GDP at current values for industry i at time t and t-1

LGDPi: Laspeyres GDP volume for industry i at time t

PGDPi: Paasche GDP volume for industry i at time t-1

FV: Fisher volume index at time t

This formula is the basis of the CPC series published by the Provincial and Territorial GDP by Industry program. It allows measuring the contribution of an individual industry or aggregate to the percentage change in total GDP in "real" terms.

The CPC statistic applies only to a single period. It should not be used to conduct a period over period growth rate analysis. Furthermore, the contributions to percentage change should not be interpreted as proportions.

Table 1 provides an example of contributions to percentage change in the context of a Fisher index. As noted above, the sum of the detailed industries does not add up to the total index for columns t and t-1, making it difficult to relate the individual industry growth rates to the aggregate growth rate. The CPC, however, provides a completely additive measure of the contribution of each industry to the aggregate growth rate.

Table 1: Example of contributions to percent change for a Fisher index
Table summary
This table displays the results of Example of contributions to percent change for a Fisher index. The information is grouped by Industry (appearing as row headers), t-1, t, Growth rate and CPC (appearing as column headers).
Industry t-1 t Growth rate CPC
A 108 144 33.33% 1.98
B 224 238 6.25% 1.66
C 525 540 2.86% 1.49
D 150 162 8.00% 1.22
Total (Fisher) 1003.7 1067.4 6.35% 6.35