The material on current and historical countries and areas of interest is presented here to help users who compile longitudinal data on countries and areas of interest to assign those data to the right current or formerly used country names and codes. A start and end date are provided to define the period of validity of country names and codes; there is no end date when the country names or codes are current. This list, which compiles changes to country names and codes since 1970, is based on information gathered from the following sources:

• current and previous editions of the standard ISO 3166-1, Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 1: Country codes;
• ISO 3166-3 Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 3: Code for formerly used names of countries;
• Newsletters related to ISO 3166-1 and ISO 3166-3; and
• current and previous editions of the United Nations Standard Country or Area Codes for Statistical Use.

Current and Historical Countries and Areas of Interest - CSV Version (CSV, 22.66 KB)

The Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI) 2019 was developed to increase coherence of the list of countries used within Statistics Canada and to be more consistent with Government of Canada norms. This list of countries and areas includes those for which statistical data are compiled. To satisfy the broadest possible range of applications, all entities in the list are mutually exclusive. For instance, China, Hong Kong and Macao are considered as separate entities for the purpose of this classification. This list of countries and areas of interest forms the base level of the classification and applies to both economic and social statistics.

There are 251 countries or areas in the SCCAI 2019, including the 249 countries or areas found in the international standard ISO 3166-1:2013^{Footnote 1}. The two additional entries in the SCCAI that are not in the ISO list are Kosovo, which was recognized as a country by Canada in 2008, and Sark, which was recognized as an area by the United Nations in 2011. The names of countries or areas refer to their short form used and not necessarily to their full names. They are based on the short names used in the ISO standard and were modified both to reflect Canadian norms as well as to follow specific naming rules adopted for the Canadian list. The modifications to reflect Canadian norms were done based on consulting the Global Affairs Canada website as well as examining responses to the 2016 Census of Population question for the place of birth variable. The specific naming rules adopted for the Canadian list are:

1. Use of short form of country names wherever practicable and/or to avoid confusion;
2. Use of commas for sorting in alphabetical order; and
3. Use of long form of country names to avoid confusion.

These changes to the names have resulted in differences between SCCAI 2019 and ISO 3166-1:2013.

The SCCAI provides a list of the names of countries or areas of interest in order of their corresponding five-digit SCCAI code. The first two digits in the SCCAI code correspond to the hierarchical structure in the Countries and Areas of Interest for Social Statistics - SCCAI 2019, while the last three digits represent the United Nations numeric codes (NUM-3) for countries or areas. Also included are internationally used three-digit numerical codes, two-character alpha codes and three-character alpha codes.

In addition, historical revisions of countries and areas of interest are available to users who compile longitudinal data on countries and areas of interest.

The material on current and historical countries and areas of interest is presented here to help users who compile longitudinal data on countries and areas of interest to assign those data to the right current or formerly used country names and codes. A start and end date are provided to define the period of validity of country names and codes; there is no end date when the country names or codes are current. This list, which compiles changes to country names and codes since 1970, is based on information gathered from the following sources:

• current and previous editions of the standard ISO 3166-1, Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 1: Country codes;
• ISO 3166-3 Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 3: Code for formerly used names of countries;
• newsletters related to ISO 3166-1 and ISO 3166-3; and
• current and previous editions of the United Nations Standard Country or Area Codes for Statistical Use.

Code description

Code: Five-digit numerical code defined in the variant for social statistics, Countries and Areas of Interest for Social Statistics (SCCAI).

Num-3: Three-digit numerical code defined by the United Nations.

Alpha-2: Two-character alpha code defined by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

Alpha-3: Three-character alpha code defined by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

Relation to previous version

This is a revision of the previous Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI) 2018. This standard includes a classification variant, Countries and Areas of Interest for Social Statistics - SCCAI 2019, that provides standard groupings of countries and associated codes for publication purposes. Usage notes are included with the standard.

Conformity to relevant internationally recognized standards

This standard is compatible with the list of countries or areas included in the International Standard for country codes ISO 3166-1, except for the recognition of Kosovo and Sark. The coding structure follows the ISO coding structure, with countries having three-digit numeric codes, two-character alpha codes, and three-character alpha codes. New codes were assigned to Kosovo and Sark based on an ISO clause which places codes at the disposal of users who need to add further names of countries or areas of interest to their list.

The 249 countries and areas in the ISO 3166-1:2013^{Footnote 1} standard includes 240 of the 241 countries or areas for which statistical data are compiled by the Statistics Division of the United Nations Secretariat^{Footnote 2}. The entity Channel Islands, which regroups Guernsey, Jersey and Sark, is an intermediate level not retained in ISO or SCCAI.

The variant Countries and Areas of Interest for Social Statistics – SCCAI 2019 was developed to create groupings of countries to enable the production of integrated statistics when publishing social statistics data. These groupings are based on those used historically for Statistics Canada's Census of Population place of birth variable.

The variant Countries and Areas of Interest for Social Statistics – SCCAI 2019 has three levels: 6 geographical macro-regions, 19 geographical sub-regions and 251 countries or areas of interest. This variant is defined in terms of countries or areas of interest in the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI) 2019. The hierarchical structure of the classification shows the relationship between the three levels of the classification variant.

• Level 1: Geographical macro-regions
• Level 2: Geographical sub-regions
• Level 3: Countries and areas of interest

This variant has a coding structure built on the United Nations numeric code (NUM-3) for countries or areas. This three-digit code is preceded by two numeric digits, where the first digit represents the macro-region and the second digit identifies the sub-region within the macro-region. Together, this five-digit code forms the SCCAI code.

Relation to previous version

This is a revision of the previous Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI) 2018. This standard includes a classification variant, Countries and Areas of Interest for Social Statistics – SCCAI 2019, that provides standard groupings of countries and associated codes for publication purposes. Usage notes are included with the standard.

Conformity to relevant internationally recognized standards

This standard is compatible with the composition of geographical macro-regions and geographical sub-regions of the United Nations Statistics Division;^{Footnote 1} however, some differences remain. The main differences are:

• in this standard, Bermuda is included within the sub-region Caribbean and Bermuda, whereas it is part of Northern America in the United Nations groupings
• the macro-region Oceania is not further divided into sub-regions in SCCAI
• West Central Asia and the Middle East is one sub-region in SCCAI, while most of the countries found here are in two sub-regions, Central Asia and Western Asia, in the United Nations groupings
• Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania are included within the sub-region of Eastern Europe in SCCAI, whereas they are part of Northern Europe in the United Nations groupings
• some French sub-region names used by the United Nations have been modified in SCCAI to make them simpler and more consistent with Canadian convention.

Status

This standard was approved as a departmental standard on September 15, 2020.

2019 version of SCCAI

The Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI) 2019 is based on the international standard for country codes ISO 3166-1:2013^{Footnote 1}. All changes made as of December 31, 2019 are included in this 2019 version of the SCCAI. The list was also updated for consistency with Government of Canada norms.

In addition to the list of countries and areas of interest, a classification variant for social statistics data is included. The hierarchical structure of the classification shows the relationship between these geographic areas.

HTML format

• Introduction
• SCCAI 2019 - Classification structure

CSV format

• SCCAI 2019 - Classification structure (CSV, 8.9 KB)

PDF format

• SCCAI 2019 (PDF, 285 KB) (catalogue no. 12-608-X)

Concordances and documentation on changes

• SCCAI 2018 - SCCAI 2019
• Differences between SCCAI 2019 and ISO 3166-1:2013
• Current and Historical Countries and Areas of Interest

Variants of SCCAI

• Countries and Areas of Interest for Social Statistics - SCCAI 2019
  ( CSV Version - Countries and Areas of Interest for Social Statistics - SCCAI 2019 (CSV, 16.94 KB) )
  The classification variant for social statistics includes customized groupings (geographical macro-regions and geographical sub-regions) of the SCCAI countries for the publication of social statistics data.
• Variant of the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest 2019 for Travel Statistics
  ( CSV Version - Variant of SCCAI 2019 for Travel Statistics (CSV, 16.93 KB) )
  The classification variant for travel statistics includes customized groupings (geographical macro-regions and geographical sub-regions) of the SCCAI countries for the publication of travel statistics data. This variant has been developed for the analysis of travel statistics. It is available to other program areas at Statistics Canada should it meet their needs, but there is no requirement for it to be used outside of the Canadian Centre for Tourism and Transportation Statistics.

Integrated Business Statistics Program (IBSP)

Reporting guide

This guide is designed to assist you as you complete the 2019 Annual Electric Power Generating Stations Survey. If you need more information, please call the Statistics Canada Help Line at the number below.

Your answers are confidential.

Statistics Canada is prohibited by law from releasing any information it collects which could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent or as permitted by the Statistics Act.

Statistics Canada will use information from this survey for statistical purposes.

Help Line: 1-877-604-7828

Definitions

Legal Name
The legal name is one recognized by law, thus it is the name liable for pursuit or for debts incurred by the business or organization. In the case of a corporation, it is the legal name as fixed by its charter or the statute by which the corporation was created.

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

To indicate a legal name of another legal entity you should instead indicate it in question 3 by selecting 'Not currently operational' and then choosing the applicable reason and providing the legal name of this other entity along with any other requested information.

Operating Name
The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

Current main activity of the business or organization

The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. Created against the background of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is designed to provide common definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three economies. NAICS is based on supply-side or production-oriented principles, to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS, are suitable for the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.

The target entity for which NAICS is designed are businesses and other organizations engaged in the production of goods and services. They include farms, incorporated and unincorporated businesses and government business enterprises. They also include government institutions and agencies engaged in the production of marketed and non-marketed services, as well as organizations such as professional associations and unions and charitable or non-profit organizations and the employees of households.

The associated NAICS should reflect those activities conducted by the business or organizational unit(s) targeted by this questionnaire only, and which can be identified by the specified legal and operating name. The main activity is the activity which most defines the targeted business or organization's main purpose or reason for existence. For a business or organization that is for-profit, it is normally the activity that generates the majority of the revenue for the entity.

The NAICS classification contains a limited number of activity classifications; the associated classification might be applicable for this business or organization even if it is not exactly how you would describe this business or organization's main activity.

Please note that any modifications to the main activity through your response to this question might not necessarily be reflected prior to the transmitting of subsequent questionnaires and as a result they may not contain this updated information.

Commission year
Indicates the first year the turbine became active.

Electricity generation capacity
Indicates the maximum potential generation capacity of the turbine and not the actual generation value.

Principal fuel
Indicate the "primary" fuel used at this station. If this is a co-generation facility and the steam turbine is operated using recaptured waste heat, please indicate "Other fuels (waste heat)" as the fuel source.

Station
A station refers to a facility which generates electricity. Many stations contain multiple turbines.

Station detail
Indicate the station unit ID name and or unit number, the commission year of the unit, the unit's capacity and total capacity of the station (report capacity in kilowatts).

Station latitude and longitude
If known please indicate as applicable.

Station name
Each station should be reported separately, as applicable. Indicate the name of the station. Also indicate the provincial location of each station.

Status
If this station is a standby facility (a unit whose operation is not part of the planned load), please indicate accordingly.

Turbine
A machine used for converting mechanical power to electrical power, typically through a rotor. In the case of solar electricity generating stations, a turbine refers to a solar array, comprised of photovoltaic cells.

Turbine ID
Indicates the identifier associated with an individual turbine.

Turbine type
Indicate which type of station is present - Combustion Turbine, Hydraulic (Hydro) Turbine, Internal Combustion Turbine, Solar, Nuclear Steam Turbine, Conventional Steam Turbine, Tidal Power Turbine or Wind Power Turbine.

Water source
In the case of hydro stations, name the river or lake utilized.

Thank you for your participation.

Date: September 2020

Program managers: Director, Centre for Social Data Integration and Development
Director General, Census Subject Matter, Social Insights, Integration and Innovation

Reference to Personal Information Bank (PIB)

Not applicable as there are no direct personal identifiers being collected and retained.

Description of statistical activity

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the significant disruption in households across Canada, Statistics Canada is conducting the Survey on COVID-19 and Mental Health, under the authority of the Statistics Act, on behalf of the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC). The purpose of the survey is to gather information that will help governments assess the impacts of the pandemic on Canadians' mental health and well-being, and develop strategies to address these impacts. These could include programs and services for Canadians, namely vulnerable Canadians and their families. In addition, the data will provide insights on how the restrictions and provincial lockdowns have led to or exacerbated symptoms related to mental health. They can also be used to analyze the longer-term impacts of COVID-19 on mental health.

This voluntary household survey collects information from individuals aged 18 years and older who live in Canadian provinces and the territorial capitals. Topics include mental health behaviours and symptoms associated with depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), suicide risk, parenting style, substance use, household violence and general mental health. In addition, information such as age, gender, postal code, email address, indigenous identity, visible minority status, immigration and citizenship, education and income will be collected. Reponses will be aggregated and processed to ensure that no individual can be identified.

Reason for supplement

While the Generic Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) addresses most of the privacy and security risks related to statistical activities conducted by Statistics Canada, this supplement describes additional measures being implemented due to the sensitivity of the information being collected. The Survey on COVID-19 and Mental Health will be collecting information on mental health and well-being, which is contextually rendered even more sensitive while collected alongside personal information such as gender identity. This SPIA also describes how Statistics Canada has accounted for the unique impact to vulnerable populations when designing and deploying this survey, and integrates relevant principles of the Office of the Privacy Commissioner's Framework for the Government of Canada to Assess Privacy-Impactful Initiatives in Response to COVID-19.

Necessity and Proportionality

The collection and use of aggregated responses and personal information for the Survey on COVID-19 and Mental Health can be justified against the following four-part test from Statistics Canada's Necessity and Proportionality Framework:

1. Necessity: Given the unprecedented nature of the COVID-19 pandemic and the measures put in place to contain it, the extent of the impacts on mental health and other aspects of life within households are currently in great part unknown. A quick and timely assessment of the mental health and well-being of Canadians will help inform government decision-making in order to support vulnerable Canadians and their families during this pandemic. In addition, the information will help governments assess how the COVID-19 restrictions and provincial lockdowns have led to or exacerbated symptoms of depression and PTSD, suicide risk, substance use, parenting style and household violence, and help inform future decisions.

   The survey data file, without direct identifiers, will be retained as long as required for statistical purposes, in order to conduct analysis of long-term impacts.

2. Effectiveness (Working assumptions): Due to the urgent need for the information, a short questionnaire was developed that follows Statistics Canada's processes and methodology in an accelerated manner to produce timely results. The survey will be administered using a self-reported electronic questionnaire. A random sample of households from Statistics Canada's survey frame will receive an invitation letter to complete the survey and be provided with a secure access code to access the survey on Statistics Canada's secure survey infrastructure. Interviewers will follow up after three weeks with households that have not responded, to reiterate the invitation and follow a protocol to randomly select someone in the household (age order selection) ages 18 and older, to respond to the survey. The collection period will be approximately two months. All Statistics Canada directives and policies for the development, collection, and dissemination of the survey will be followed, and survey responses will not be attached to respondents' addresses or phone numbers. The data will be representative of population and may be disaggregated by province, ethnicity, gender, age groupings, etc.

3. Proportionality: Data on mental health, substance use and household violence are highly sensitive, and may be amplified due to the recent COVID-19 pandemic isolation procedures. As such, experts at Statistics Canada and PHAC have been consulted on the scope and methodology of the survey. Wherever possible, questions about mental health and well-being from existing surveys have been used. These questions were taken from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), the Mental Health Survey (MHS), and the General Social Survey – Victimization (GSS). These questions have previously undergone qualitative testing, and the results of this survey could be compared to these other surveys, allowing for improved interpretation of the results.

   All the data to be collected are required for the purpose of the survey as described above. Careful consideration was made for each question and response category to ensure that it would measure the research questions and help inform future decisions related to mental health and the COVID-19 pandemic.

   The sample size of 18,000, which will represent people living in each province and in the three territorial capitals, has been assessed as the minimum required to meet quality estimates of the collected data. Increasing the sample size would not necessarily mitigate data findings for vulnerable populations.

   Statistics Canada directives and policies with respect to data collection and publication will be followed to ensure the confidentiality of the data. Individual responses will be grouped with those of others when reporting results. Individual responses and results for very small groups will not be published or shared with government departments or agencies. This will also reduce any potential impact on vulnerable populations or subsets of populations, as the grouping of results will make it impossible to identify individual responses. As permitted by the Statistics Act, with consent of individual respondents, survey responses may be shared with PHAC strictly for statistical and research purposes, for example, to aid in future policy decisions for the pandemic, and in accordance Statistics Canada's security and confidentiality requirements.

   The benefits of the findings, which are expected to support decision making at all levels of government aimed at improving mental health and well-being are believed to be proportional to the potential risks to privacy.

4. Alternatives: Currently, there are no other surveys that gather information on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and well-being of Canadians that describe these conditions by provinces and territorial capitals. The possibility of using crowdsourcing or web-panel survey methodologies was explored. However, based on discussions between mental health and methodology experts within Statistics Canada and PHAC, it was determined that a survey with at least 18,000 units was necessary to produce reliable and accurate results by provinces and territorial capitals. Releasing data at these aggregated levels will reduce the potential to identify impacts on vulnerable populations, subsets of populations, and groups.

Mitigation factors

Some questions contained in the Survey on COVID-19 and Mental Health can be considered sensitive as they relate to an individual's mental health and well-being, but the overall risk of harm to the survey respondents has been deemed manageable with existing Statistics Canada safeguards as well as with the following measures:

Mental Health Resources

Transparency

Prior to the survey, respondents will be informed of the survey purpose and topics, allowing them to assess whether they wish to participate. Topics listed will include: behaviours and symptoms associated with depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), suicide risk, pressure on parents, substance use, household violence, as well as general mental health. This information will be provided via invitation and reminder letters, and will be reiterated at the beginning of the questionnaire. Respondents will also be informed, in both invitation and reminder letters as well as in the questionnaire itself, that their participation is voluntary before being asked any questions. Information about the survey, as well as the survey questionnaire, will also be available on Statistics Canada's website.

Confidentiality

Individual responses will be grouped with those of others when reporting results. Individual responses and results for very small groups will never be published or shared with government departments or agencies. Careful analysis of the data and consideration will be given prior to the release of aggregate data to ensure that marginalized and vulnerable communities are not disproportionally impacted. As permitted by the Statistics Act, survey responses may be shared with PHAC strictly for statistical and research purposes, in accordance Statistics Canada's security and confidentiality requirements, and only with the consent of the respondent. The postal code will be used to derive the province or territory of the respondent and could also be used to identify regions that have been more impacted by the pandemic. It will not be used to identify respondents as only aggregated data will be released. The email address may be used to send out survey invitations for participation in a follow-up survey or other mental health surveys. It will be removed and separated from the final data file and it will not be used to identify respondents.

Conclusion

This assessment concludes that, with the existing Statistics Canada safeguards and additional mitigation factors listed above, any remaining risks are such that Statistics Canada is prepared to accept and manage the risk.

Formal approval

This Supplementary Privacy Impact Assessment has been reviewed and recommended for approval by Statistics Canada's Chief Privacy Officer, Director General for Modern Statistical Methods and Data Science, and Assistant Chief Statistician for Social, Health and Labour Statistics.

The Chief Statistician of Canada has the authority for section 10 of the Privacy Act for Statistics Canada, and is responsible for the Agency's operations, including the program area mentioned in this Supplementary Privacy Impact Assessment.

This Privacy Impact Assessment has been approved by the Chief Statistician of Canada.