Status

This standard was approved as a departmental standard on May 16, 2016.

2016 version of NOC Version 1.0

The National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 updates the National Occupational Classification 2011. The NOC has been developed and maintained as part of a collaborative partnership between Employment and Social Development Canada and Statistics Canada. This update of the classification reflects ongoing occupational research and consultation to incorporate information on new occupations.

HTML format

• Introduction
• NOC 2016 Version 1.0 - Classification structure

CSV format

• NOC 2016 Version 1.0 - Classification structure (CSV, 346.24 KB)
• NOC 2016 Version 1.0 - Elements (CSV, 4.67 MB)

Variants of the NOC Version 1.0

• Highly aggregated data
• Analysis by skill level

Resources

• Toronto-based Hudbay Minerals Inc. and Arizona Sonoran Copper Company Inc. (ASCU) of Arizona announced they had entered into a definitive agreement pursuant to which Hudbay agreed to acquire all the issued and outstanding common shares of ASCU for an equity value of USD $1.48 billion. The companies said the transaction is expected to be completed in the second quarter of 2026, subject to shareholder approval and the satisfaction of certain other closing conditions customary in transactions of this nature.
• The Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) announced its decision to issue a licence to Vancouver-based NexGen Energy Ltd. to prepare a site for and construct its Rook I Project, a uranium mine and mill located in northern Saskatchewan. The CNSC said the licence is valid until March 31, 2036, and authorizes site preparation and construction activities under the Nuclear Safety and Control Act but does not authorize the operation of the facility to be constructed.
• UK-based Rio Tinto announced on March 26th its final day of production at its Diavik diamond mine in the Northwest Territories. The company said closure activities will extend to 2029, followed by a period of post-closure monitoring.

Provincial and Territorial budgets

• On March 17th, the Government of New Brunswick tabled its 2026-27 budget, which included investments in health care, affordability, education, and economic development. The Government projects a $1.39 billion deficit in 2026-27 and real GDP growth of 1.0% in 2026 and 1.1% in 2027.
• On March 18th, the Government of Quebec presented its 2026-27 budget, which included investments to strengthen public services, stimulate the economy, protect the purchasing power of Quebecers and ensure the well-being of the most vulnerable. The Government forecasts an $8.6 billion deficit in 2026 and real GDP growth of 1.1% in 2026 and 1.4% in 2027.
• On March 18th, the Government if Saskatchewan presented its 2026-27 budget, which included a plan to lower provincial  income taxes and investments in skills and training, infrastructure, health care, education, and enhancing law enforcement. The Government forecasts an $819 million deficit for 2026-27 and real GDP growth of 1.6% in 2026 and 2.0% in 2027.
• On March 19th, the Government of the Yukon tabled Budget 2026, which included investments in health care, education, housing, public safety, and improving the affordability and reliability of the Yukon's energy grid. The Government forecasts an $81.8 million deficit in 2026-27 and real GDP growth of 1.2% in 2026 and 2.6% in 2027.
• On March 24th, the Government of Manitoba presented Budget 2026, which included investments to strengthen health care, lower costs, and create jobs. The government forecasts a $498 million deficit for 2026-27 and real GDP growth of 1.3% in 2026 and 1.7% in 2027.
• On March 26th, the Government of Ontario tabled Budget 2026, which included investments in infrastructure, health care, education, affordability, competitiveness, and job creation. The Government forecasts a $13.8 billion deficit for 2026-27 and real GDP growth of 1.0% in 2026 and 1.7% in 2027.

Other news

• The Government of Canada announced that effective March 1, 2026,
  • China had suspended anti-discrimination tariffs on canola meal, peas, lobster, and crab until the end of 2026; and
  • reduced tariffs on Canadian canola seed to a combined applied tariff rate of 14.9%, representing a decrease from the previous combined tariff level of almost 85%.
• The Government also said that as of March 1st, it had
  • implemented an initial country-specific annual quota of 49,000 Chinese electric vehicles (EVs) at the most-favoured-nation tariff rate of 6.1%, lifting the previous 100% surtax; and
  • extended the remission of surtaxes for certain Chinese steel and aluminum products that are in short supply and expanded coverage to additional steel, aluminum, and steel derivative products.
• The Governments of Ontario and Nova Scotia announced they had signed an agreement to allow consumers to purchase alcohol directly from the other province's local producers, including breweries, wineries and distilleries.
• Montreal-based Bell Canada and the Government of Saskatchewan announced the construction of a new 300 MW data centre outside of Regina, with a portion of the facility's power to be dedicated to sovereign AI compute. Bell said the construction of the facility will require approximately $1.7 billion of incremental capital expenditures, with approximately $1.3 billion expected to be incurred in 2026. Bell also said that construction is scheduled to begin this spring, with the first stage of the facility expected to come online in the first half of 2027.
• Winnipeg-based NFI Group Inc. announced the official ribbon-cutting of its new Customer Acceptance and Delivery (CAD) facility in Winnipeg. NFI said the facility enables it to complete full domestic production of heavy-duty transit vehicles, including zero-emission buses, in Winnipeg for the first time in 15 years.
• Kingsey Falls, Quebec-based Boralex Inc., Brookfield of New York, and La Caisse of Quebec City announced they had entered into a definitive arrangement agreement whereby Brookfield and La Caisse would acquire all of Boralex Inc.'s issued and outstanding Class A common shares for a total enterprise value of approximately $9.0 billion.  Boralex said the transaction is expected to close by the fourth quarter of 2026, subject to shareholder and regulatory approvals as well as the satisfaction of other customary closing conditions.

United States and other international news

• The White House announced that President Donald J. Trump authorized Operation Epic Fury — a military campaign to eliminate the nuclear threat posed by the Iranian regime.
• The U.S. Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) maintained the target range for the federal funds rate at 3.50% to 3.75%. The last change in the target range was a 25 basis points cut in December 2025.
• The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) raised the cash rate target by 25 basis points to 4.10%. The last change in the cash rate target was a 25 basis points increase in February 2026.
• The European Central Bank (ECB) left its three key interest rates unchanged at 2.00% (deposit facility), 2.15% (main refinancing operations), and 2.40% (marginal lending facility). The last change in these rates was a 25 basis points reduction in June 2025.
• The Bank of Japan (BoJ) announced it will encourage the uncollateralized overnight call rate to remain at around 0.75%. The last change in the uncollateralized overnight call rate was a 25 basis points increase in December 2025.
• The Bank of England's Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) voted to maintain the Bank Rate at 3.75%. The last change in the Bank Rate was a 25 basis points cut in December 2025.
• The Executive Board of Sweden's Riksbank left the repo rate unchanged at 1.75%. The last change in the repo rate was a 25 basis points reduction in September 2025.
• The Monetary Policy and Financial Stability Committee of Norway's Norges Bank left the policy rate unchanged at 4.00%. The last change in the policy rate was a 25 basis points decrease in September 2025.
• The eight OPEC+ countries Saudi Arabia, Russia, Iraq, UAE, Kuwait, Kazakhstan, Algeria, and Oman announced they had decided to resume the unwinding of the 1.65 million barrels per day of additional voluntary adjustments announced in April 2023 and agreed on a production adjustment of 206,000 barrels per day. The group said the adjustment would be implemented in April 2026.
• UK-based BP announced on March 17th it had provided lockout notice to the United Steelworkers Union at its Whiting refinery in Indianna, with the lockout becoming effective on March 19th.
• Maryland-based McCormick & Company, Incorporated and Unilever PLC of the UK announced they had entered into an agreement to combine McCormick with Unilever's Foods business for an enterprise value for Unilever Foods of approximately USD $44.8 billion. The companies said the transaction is expected to close by mid 2027, subject to shareholder and regulatory approvals and the satisfaction of other customary closing conditions.
• Texas-based Sysco and Jetro Restaurant Depot of New York announced they had entered into a definitive agreement under which Sysco will acquire Jetro Restaurant Depot in a transformative transaction for a total enterprise value of approximately USD $29.1 billion. The companies said the transaction is expected to close by the third quarter of Sysco's fiscal year 2027, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions, including receipt of regulatory approvals.

Financial market news

• West Texas Intermediate crude oil closed at USD $101.38 per barrel on March 31st, up from a closing value of USD $67.02 at the end of February. Western Canadian Select crude oil traded in the USD $55.00 to $ 95.00 per barrel range throughout March. The Canadian dollar closed at 71.74 cents U.S. on March 31st, down from 73.30 cents U.S. at the end of February. The S&P/TSX composite index closed at 32,768.04 on March 31st, down from 34,339.99 at the end of February.

Integrated Business Statistics Program (IBSP)

This guide is designed to assist you as you complete the Quarterly Civil Aviation Survey. If you need more information, please call the Statistics Canada Help Line at the number below.

Help Line: 1-877-949-9492

Your answers are confidential.

Statistics Canada is prohibited by law from releasing any information it collects which could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent or as permitted by the Statistics Act.

Statistics Canada will use information from this survey for statistical purposes.

Table of contents

• Business or organization and contact information
• Statement of Revenues and Expenses, Quarterly - Statement 21 (I, II)
• Scheduled Services, Revenue Operating Statistics, Quarterly - Statement 10 (I, II)
• Charter Services, Revenue Operating Statistics, Quarterly - Statement 12 (I, II)

Business or organization and contact information

This section verifies or requests basic identifying information of the business or organization such as legal name, operating name (if applicable), contact information of the designated contact person, current operational status, and main activity(ies).

Legal Name

The legal name is one recognized by law, thus it is the name liable for pursuit or for debts incurred by the business or organization. In the case of a corporation, it is the legal name as fixed by its charter or the statute by which the corporation was created.

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

To indicate a legal name of another legal entity you should instead indicate it in question 3 by selecting 'Not currently operational' and then choosing the applicable reason and providing the legal name of this other entity along with any other requested information.

Operating Name

The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

Designated contact person

Verify or provide the requested contact information of the designated business or organization contact person. The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire. If different than the designated contact person, the contact information of the person completing the questionnaire can be indicated later in the questionnaire.

Current operational status

Verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name in question 1. If indicating the operational status of the business or organization is 'Not currently operational' then indicate an applicable reason and provide the requested information.

Main activity

This question verifies the business or organization's current main activity as classified by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. Created against the background of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is designed to provide common definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three economies. NAICS is based on supply-side or production-oriented principles, to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS, are suitable for the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.

The target entity for which NAICS is designed are businesses and other organizations engaged in the production of goods and services. They include farms, incorporated and unincorporated businesses and government business enterprises. They also include government institutions and agencies engaged in the production of marketed and non-marketed services, as well as organizations such as professional associations and unions and charitable or non-profit organizations and the employees of households.

The associated NAICS should reflect those activities conducted by the business or organizational units targeted by this questionnaire only, as identified in the 'Answering this questionnaire' section and which can be identified by the specified legal and operating name. The main activity is the activity which most defines the targeted business or organization's main purpose or reason for existence. For a business or organization that is for-profit, it is normally the activity that generates the majority of the revenue for the entity.

The NAICS classification contains a limited number of activity classes; the associated classification might be applicable for this business or organization even if it is not exactly how you would describe this business or organization's main activity.

Please note that any modifications to the main activity through your response to this question might not necessarily be reflected prior to the transmitting of subsequent questionnaires and as a result they may not contain this updated information.

If the current NAICS associated with this business or organizations is not correct, please provide a brief description of the main activity and provide any additional information as requested.

Statement of Revenues and Expenses, Quarterly - Statement 21 (I, II)

1. Revenue, Expenses and Income

Operating revenue

Scheduled services

Transportation of passengers or goods, or both, by an aircraft provided by an air carrier that operates the air service and that, directly or indirectly, sells some or all of its seats or part or all of its cargo space to the public on a price per seat, price per unit of mass or price per volume of cargo basis.

Charter services

Transportation of passengers or goods, or both, by aircraft pursuant to a contract under which a person, other than the air carrier that operates the air service, or its agent, reserves a block of seats or part of the cargo space of an aircraft for the person's use or for resale to the public.

Include air ambulance service and the movement of people and goods to logging or heli-logging sites.

Exclude firefighting and heli-logging activities and the movement of people and goods to a firefighting site. (The former Transport Canada TP 8880 document "Starting a Commercial Air Service" outlining a list of activities which are specialty has been replaced with a new document TP 4711 "Air Operator Certification Manual" as of December 2020. A PDF version of volumes of this manual can be requested at: Air Operator Certification Manual – TP4711)

Passenger revenue

Refers to the revenue earned from the transportation of passengers on scheduled and charter services. Include revenue from all surcharges (baggage, fuel, seat selection, and so on) that are retained by the air carrier. Exclude amounts such as taxes, navigation fees, security fees, and so on that are collected but passed on to other entities.

Goods revenue

Refers to the revenue earned from the transportation of goods on scheduled and charter services. Exclude taxes such as the Goods and Services Tax (GST), Harmonized Sales Tax (HST) or Provincial Sales Tax (PST).

All other operating revenue

Refers to the revenue earned from all other sources. Include air transport activities not included in passenger revenue or goods revenue, revenue from other flying services (such as flying training, recreational flying and other specialty flying), subsidies and net incidental air transport related revenue, that is revenue less expenses from non-flying services incidental to air transport including aircraft fuel and oil sales; maintenance and aircraft ramp handling service and so on for other carriers; commissions (or sales revenue minus payments to the carrier that does the flying) received for the sale of transportation which takes place on other carriers; and revenue received for the provision of aircraft to other carriers from operations under their control.

Total operating revenue

The sum of passenger revenue, goods revenue and all other operating revenue.

Operating expenses

Turbo fuel expenses

Include fuel used in both turboprop and jet aircraft.

Include the expenses for turbo fuel consumed for all scheduled and/or charter operations, regardless of where purchased. Include throughput charges, non-refundable duties and taxes. If the fuel was supplied by a customer, an approximate value may be provided based on prevailing market rates. Expenses should be reported in Canadian dollars, regardless of where purchased.

Employee wages, salaries and benefits

Include the wages, salaries and benefits (employer contributions to pensions, medical benefits, insurance, and so on and layover expenses such as hotels and meals, for flight and cabin crews) for all employees.

All other operating expenses

Include all operating expenses not reported in the two expense categories above.

Total operating expenses

The sum of the previous three expense items.

Income

Net operating income (a loss should be a negative number)

Total operating revenue less total operating expenses from above.

Net non-operating income (enter a negative number for a loss)

Include provision for income taxes.

Include:

• interest and discount income from all sources, including cash discounts on the purchase of materials and supplies;
• interest on unpaid taxes and all classes of debt, including premiums, discounts and expenses on short-term obligations, as well as amortization of premiums, discounts and expenses on short-term and long-term obligations;
• capital gains (or losses) from retiring operating property and equipment, aircraft equipment, expendable parts, miscellaneous materials and supplies and other assets, when they are sold or otherwise retired from service as part of a general program and not as incidental sales performed as a service to others;
• gains or losses made on investments in securities;
• net miscellaneous non-operating income or loss, which refers to revenue and expenses attributable to financing or other activities that are not an integral part of the air transportation activities undertaken by the carrier, or its incidental services. These could include dividend income, the balance of all income or losses from affiliated companies reimbursed to the carrier, foreign exchange adjustments and special items, such as restructuring expenses, which do not occur on a regular basis;
• provisions for taxes payable on net income for the accounting period and adjustments of income taxes relating to previous years, including the provisions for deferred income taxes resulting from differences between accounting income and taxable income that arise when the time of including items of revenue and expense in the computation of accounting income and taxable income do not coincide.

Exclude staff reduction expenses which should be included under all other operating expenses.

Net income (a loss should be a negative number)

Net operating income plus net non-operating income from above.

2. Average number of employees

Refers to the average number of people employed during the quarter. Include all employees (all categories), temporary or permanent, on the payroll of the air carrier during the quarter being reported. Part-time employees should be included in the total, prorated to the amount of time worked when compared with the time worked by full-time employees (for example two part-time employees working half-time are equivalent to one full-time employee).

Scheduled Services, Revenue Operating Statistics, Quarterly - Statement 10 (I, II)

1. Scheduled services - operating statistics

Include fixed wing and helicopter services.

Sector of operation

Refers to the regions where carriers provide transportation services. There are three breakdowns – domestic, transborder (Canada-US) and other international.

Domestic includes operations between points in Canada.

Transborder (Canada-US) includes operations between points in Canada and points in the United States (including Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico).

Other international includes all other operations, (including between points outside of Canada).

Data reported must include both fixed wing and helicopter services, where:

Fixed wing

Means a power-driven, heavier-than-air aircraft, deriving its lift in flight chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surfaces which remain fixed. An aircraft having wings fixed to the airplane fuselage and outspread in flight – that is non-rotating wings.

Helicopter

Means a rotary wing, heavier-than-air aircraft, supported in flight chiefly by the reactions of the air on one or more power-driven rotors on substantially vertical axes. A helicopter does not have conventional fixed wings, nor is it provided with a conventional propeller for forward thrust.

Scheduled services

Transportation of passengers or goods, or both, by an aircraft provided by an air carrier that operates the air service and that, directly or indirectly, sells some or all of its seats or part or all of its cargo space to the public on a price per seat, price per unit of mass or price per volume of cargo basis.

Enplaned passengers

Refers to revenue passengers^{Footnote 1} who board aircraft and surrender one or more flight coupons or other documents good for transportation over the itinerary specified in these coupons or documents.

Passenger-kilometres

Represents the carriage of one revenue passenger on each flight stage multiplied by the number of kilometres flown on that stage. Passenger-kilometres are obtained by totalling the number of kilometres flown by all passengers.

Let's take an example with two flight stages, where:

Flight stage A to B
Number of passengers = 5
Distance between points (km) = 161
Passenger-kilometres = 805

Flight stage B to C
Number of passengers = 4
Distance between points (km) = 322
Passenger-kilometres = 1,288

The total number of passenger-kilometres for the flights covering A to B and B to C is 2,093.

Conversion factor

To convert nautical miles (6,080 feet) into kilometres (km), multiply by 1.852.

To convert statute miles (5,280 feet) into kilometres (km), multiply by 1.609344.

Available seat-kilometres

Represents the aircraft kilometres flown on each flight stage multiplied by the number of seats available for use on that stage. This represents the total passenger carrying capacity offered. Seats not actually available for the carriage of passengers should be excluded.

Hours flown

Represents the block hours, in other words, the number of hours which elapsed between the time the aircraft started to move to commence a flight and the time the aircraft came to its final stop after the conclusion of a flight. Report the total number of block hours flown to the nearest hour.

Enplaned goods

Refers to all types of non-passenger traffic. It includes priority freight, freight, mail and excess baggage for which revenue is obtained. Enplaned goods should be reported to the nearest kilogram.

Conversion factor

To convert pounds (lbs.) into kilograms (kg), multiply by 0.453592.

Goods tonne-kilometres

Represents the carriage of one tonne of goods on each flight stage multiplied by the number of kilometres flown on that stage. Goods tonne-kilometres are obtained by totalling the number of kilometres flown with all tonnes of goods.

Let's take an example with two flight stages, where:

Flight stage A to B
Tonnes of goods = 5
Distance between points (km) = 161
Goods tonne-kilometres = 805

Flight stage B to C
Tonnes of goods = 4
Distance between points (km) = 322
Goods tonne-kilometres = 1,288

The total number of goods tonne-kilometres for the flights covering A to B and B to C is 2,093.

Conversion factor

To convert nautical miles (6,080 feet) into kilometres (km), multiply by 1.852.

To convert statute miles (5,280 feet) into kilometres (km), multiply by 1.609344.

Available tonne-kilometres

Represents the aircraft kilometres flown on each flight stage multiplied by the usable weight capacity of the aircraft. This represents the load carrying capacity offered for passengers and/or goods.

2. Scheduled services - revenue

Include fixed wing and helicopter services.

Passenger revenue

Refers to the revenue earned from the transportation of passengers on scheduled services. Include revenue from all surcharges (baggage, fuel, seat selection, and so on) that are retained by the air carrier. Exclude amounts such as taxes, navigation fees, security fees, and so on that are collected but passed on to other entities. Total passenger revenue should equal the passenger revenue from scheduled services from the first screen.

Goods revenue

Refers to the revenue earned from the transportation of goods on scheduled services. Exclude taxes such as the Goods and Services Tax (GST), Harmonized Sales Tax (HST) or Provincial Sales Tax (PST). Total goods revenue should equal the goods revenue from scheduled services from the first screen.

Charter Services, Revenue Operating Statistics, Quarterly - Statement 12 (I, II)

1. Charter services - operating statistics

Include fixed wing and helicopter services.

Sector of operation

Refers to the regions where carriers provide transportation services. There are three breakdowns – domestic, transborder (Canada-US) and other international.

Domestic includes operations between points in Canada.

Transborder (Canada-US) includes operations between points in Canada and points in the United States (including Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico).

Other international includes all other operations (including between points outside of Canada).

Data reported must include both fixed wing and helicopter services, where:

Fixed wing

Means a power-driven, heavier-than-air aircraft, deriving its lift in flight chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surfaces which remain fixed. An aircraft having wings fixed to the airplane fuselage and outspread in flight – that is non-rotating wings.

Helicopter

Means a rotary wing, heavier-than-air aircraft, supported in flight chiefly by the reactions of the air on one or more power-driven rotors on substantially vertical axes. A helicopter does not have conventional fixed wings, nor is it provided with a conventional propeller for forward thrust.

Charter services

Transportation of passengers or goods, or both, by aircraft pursuant to a contract under which a person, other than the air carrier that operates the air service, or its agent, reserves a block of seats or part of the cargo space of an aircraft for the person's use or for resale to the public.

Include air ambulance service and the movement of people and goods to logging or heli-logging sites.

Exclude firefighting and heli-logging activities and the movement of people and goods to a firefighting site. (The former Transport Canada TP 8880 document "Starting a Commercial Air Service" outlining a list of activities which are specialty has been replaced with a new document TP 4711 "Air Operator Certification Manual" as of December 2020. A PDF version of volumes of this manual can be requested at: Air Operator Certification Manual – TP4711)

Enplaned passengers

Refers to revenue passengers^{Footnote 1} who board aircraft and surrender one or more flight coupons or other documents good for transportation over the itinerary specified in these coupons or documents.

Passenger-kilometres

Represents the carriage of one revenue passenger on each flight stage multiplied by the number of kilometres flown on that stage. Passenger-kilometres are obtained by totalling the number of kilometres flown by all passengers.

Let's take an example with two flight stages, where:

Flight stage A to B
Number of passengers = 5
Distance between points (km) = 161
Passenger-kilometres = 805

Flight stage B to C
Number of passengers = 4
Distance between points (km) = 322
Passenger-kilometres = 1,288

The total number of passenger-kilometres for the flights covering A to B and B to C is 2,093.

Conversion factor

To convert nautical miles (6 080 feet) into kilometres (km), multiply by 1.852.

To convert statute miles (5 280 feet) into kilometres (km), multiply by 1.609344.

Hours flown

Represents the block hours, in other words, the number of hours which elapsed between the time the aircraft started to move to commence a flight and the time the aircraft came to its final stop after the conclusion of a flight. Report the total number of block hours flown to the nearest hour.

Enplaned goods

Refers to all types of non-passenger traffic. It includes priority freight, freight, mail and excess baggage for which revenue is obtained. Enplaned goods should be reported to the nearest kilogram.

Conversion factor

To convert pounds (lbs.) into kilograms (kg), multiply by 0.453592.

Goods tonne-kilometres

Represents the carriage of one tonne of goods on each flight stage multiplied by the number of kilometres flown on that stage. Goods tonne-kilometres are obtained by totalling the number of kilometres flown with all tonnes of goods.

Let's take an example with two flight stages, where:

Flight stage A to B
Tonnes of goods = 5
Distance between points (km) = 161
Goods tonne-kilometres = 805

Flight stage B to C
Tonnes of goods = 4
Distance between points (km) = 322
Goods tonne-kilometres = 1,288

The total number of goods tonne-kilometres for the flights covering A to B and B to C is 2,093.

Conversion factor

To convert nautical miles (6 080 feet) into kilometres (km), multiply by 1.852.

To convert statute miles (5 280 feet) into kilometres (km), multiply by 1.609344.

2. Charter services - revenue

Include fixed wing and helicopter services.

Passenger revenue

Refers to the revenue earned from the transportation of passengers on charter services. Include revenue from all surcharges (baggage, fuel, seat selection, and so on) that are retained by the air carrier. Exclude amounts such as taxes, navigation fees, security fees, and so on that are collected but passed on to other entities. Total passenger revenue should equal the passenger revenue from charter services from the first screen.

Goods revenue

Refers to the revenue earned from the transportation of goods on charter services. Exclude taxes such as the Goods and Services Tax (GST), Harmonized Sales Tax (HST) or Provincial Sales Tax (PST). Total goods revenue should equal the goods revenue from charter services from the first screen.

Date: October 2023

Program manager: Director, Canadian Centre for Education Statistics
Director General, Labour Market, Education and Socio-Economic Well-Being Branch

Original Supplement to the Generic Privacy Impact Assessment:
Supplement to Statistics Canada's Generic Privacy Impact Assessment related to the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform

Reference to Personal Information Bank (PIB)

In accordance with the Privacy Act, Statistics Canada is submitting a new institutional personal information bank (PIB) to describe any personal information obtained from the amendment to the Educational and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform, for the purposes of the Statistics Act. The following PIB is proposed for review and registration.

Elementary and Secondary Student Information Systems

Description: This bank describes information obtained from the administrative files of elementary schools and secondary schools. It includes demographic data and information relating to the individual's activities as a student, such as attendance, grades, and successful completion of the program. Personal information in this databank may also include student identifier number, Social Insurance Number (SIN), name, contact information, and socio-demographic information such as date of birth, citizenship, and gender.

Note: In addition to the requirements specified on the Personal Information Request form, individuals requesting information described by this bank must provide the name of the institution, the number assigned to the individual by the institution and the year(s) the individual studied at the institution. Requests for personal information will be forwarded to the institution that originally provided the information.

Class of Individuals: Individuals who attend or attended an elementary and/or secondary (kindergarten – grade 12) education institution located in Canada in a given school year.
Purpose: The personal information is used to produce statistical information on students by province, type of institution, grade, and sex. Personal information, including the Social Insurance Number, is collected pursuant to the Statistics Act (Sections 3, 7, 8, 13) for statistical purposes only.

Consistent Uses: To reduce respondent burden and enhance survey data, Statistics Canada may combine information from education-related administrative data files with other administrative data records, and with survey responses, including but not limited to the Postsecondary Student Information System (StatCan PPU 090), the Registered Apprenticeship Information System (StatCan PPU 083), the T1 Family File (StatCan PPU 111) and the Longitudinal Immigration Database (StatCan PPU 135) for statistical purposes only.

RDA Number: 2018/007
Related Record Number: StatCan ECT 170
TBS Registration: To be assigned by TBS
Bank Number: StatCan PPU 089

Description of changes to the statistical activity

Under the authority of the Statistics Act^{Footnote 1}, Statistics Canada's Canadian Centre for Education Statistics (CCES) is updating the existing Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform (ELMLP) to add datasets that pertain to elementary through to secondary school populations. This data that will be obtained from the administrative files of elementary schools and secondary schools aims to expand the scope of the platform which is currently limited to cohorts of college and university students and registered apprentices. The addition of these datasets will show how early education can affect trajectories of students all the way through to the workforce, and beyond, and remains aligned with the original purpose of the ELMLP SPIA.^{Footnote 2}

The Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform (ELMLP) is a platform of securely integrable and anonymized postsecondary education and apprenticeship datasets. It is a collaboration between Statistics Canada, Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC) and participating provincial/territorial Ministries of Education or District School Boards. Data from the ELMLP helps address a wide range of policy questions pertaining to postsecondary student and apprenticeship persistence, completion, mobility, and pathways, and their labour market outcomes over time. The addition of the (supplementary) datasets allows researchers to address a myriad of questions related to, for example, the impact of financial aid and education savings programs on postsecondary participation and outcomes, the experiences of immigrants and international students in the Canadian postsecondary system, and student sociodemographic and family background.

Since its inception, the primary focus of the ELMLP has been on transitions and outcomes of students/apprentices during and after their postsecondary studies, largely because information on elementary and secondary education was available only at the aggregate level. This assessment addresses the submission of elementary through to secondary student-level data to Statistics Canada, and integration with the postsecondary/apprenticeship data. With the inclusion of these data, policymakers have the ability to understand students' entire educational trajectory including the complex ways in which early educational experiences (including socio-demographic factors) can impact later transitions and access to postsecondary education, transitions to the labour market, and long-term social and financial outcomes. The new data provides previously unavailable insight on factors that may affect Canadians' educational trajectory.

This information is of particular importance in helping the education sector isolate factors that contribute to negative educational outcomes for specific groups of students, particularly groups that may face societal barriers, and to develop and monitor programs to support students during their studies, leading to better outcomes for Canadian students and the economy.

The core datasets in the ELMLP^{Footnote 3} are the Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS), the Registered Apprenticeship Information System (RAIS) and the T1 Family File (T1FF) (from income-tax data, for all the records that linked to PSIS or RAIS records).

The purpose of the ELMLP is to develop key pan-Canadian longitudinal indicators related to educational pathways; however, the lack of elementary and secondary school data (Kindergarten to Grade 12) represents a data gap. This addendum addresses the addition of elementary and secondary school data from children's and youths' education records as supplementary files to the ELMLP to allow for longitudinal analyses that were not supported by the post-secondary scope of the administrative data collected previously. The new data is collected in the form of administrative records directly from the respective participating provincial and territorial ministries of education or school boards. The data is integrated using the Social Data Linkage Environment (SDLE)^{Footnote 4} to provide a unique, anonymous identifier number for each record. No personal identifier variables are included in the resulting analytical datasets. Inclusion of this elementary and secondary school data into the ELMLP will allow this longstanding data gap to be addressed.

The analytical datasets will be created for two key purposes: ELMLP as a service and ELMLP data integration:

• ELMLP as a service takes place in a secure Statistics Canada environment, available only to authorized researchers from the participating organizations for analytical purposes and involves data linkage^{Footnote 5} to existing Statistics Canada datasets. In this case, there will be a pre-defined period of exclusive access to the platform for analysis of the submitted datasets for the respective data providing participant organizations. Currently, data from the Ontario Ministry of Education, the Toronto District School Board, and the Council of Atlantic Ministers of Education and Training fall into the ELMLP as a service use case. Over time there may be additional participants at this level.
• ELMLP data integration occurs after the exclusivity period. The data will be integrated into the platform, at the discretion of the data provider, and made available to all Statistics Canada researchers, and to approved researchers^{Footnote 6} (as 'deemed employees') through the Statistics Canada Research Data Centers (RDC)s.^{Footnote 7} Data from the British Columbia Ministry of Education currently falls into this use case. Over time, there may be additional participants at this level as well.

Given the nature of this initiative, the participating organizations, and the nature of their participation (i.e.: moving from ELMLP as a service to ELMLP data integration) may change over time.

Reason for supplement

While the Generic Privacy Impact Assessment and the Supplement to the Generic Privacy Impact Assessment for the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform address most of the privacy and security risks related to statistical activities conducted by Statistics Canada, this addendum addresses any additional privacy concerns originating from addition of personal information about children and youth from elementary and secondary school data.

Necessity and Proportionality

The use of personal information for the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform can be justified against Statistics Canada's Necessity and Proportionality Framework:

1. Necessity: Including elementary and secondary school data in the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform is a joint initiative between Statistics Canada and participating provincial/territorial Ministries of Education or District School Boards to expand the analytical potential and impact of existing administrative datasets. The personal information being collected as part of this data is required for a greater understanding of the complete educational pathway from elementary to secondary to postsecondary or apprenticeship training, and eventually, transitions into the labour market.

Integrating these data with other existing datasets addresses a wide range of priority policy questions about student and apprenticeship enrolment, persistence, completion, mobility, educational pathways, and labour market outcomes over time that are not possible to address with the provincial or schoolboard administrative datasets alone. From a policy perspective, many jurisdictions want to know to what extent K-12 education systems are leading students into postsecondary education, principally to gauge skilled workforce development. These questions are currently data gaps that are of the utmost importance to the participating organizations and speak to the mandate of the CCES.^{Footnote 8} Integrating this data into the ELMLP will address the data gaps as the ELMLP facilitates the production and publication of analysis, indicators, and data tables on these topics. The integration of these data is further essential for analyzing elementary and secondary school student transfers between provinces and jurisdictions, where a data gap has also previously existed.

2. Effectiveness – Working assumptions: The addition of elementary and secondary school data to ELMLP enhances the analytical possibilities by integrating them with existing data sources that contain contextual and outcome information for postsecondary students and apprentices. These existing data gaps are best filled using administrative records, given their accuracy and the low response burden for the included populations. For example, predictors of postsecondary enrolment via indicators such as prior grades, standardized testing scores, and exceptionalities (e.g., special needs) can be most efficiently determined using administrative data, rather than survey data as it ensures completeness and reduces the burden on Canadians.

While individual schools and many jurisdictions have their own comprehensive student information systems, integration into a national system will expand the scope of coverage and allow the examination of student pathways across jurisdictions. Rates of high school completion can now be determined using several years of existing administrative data rather than waiting for the completion of one or more cycles of a new survey. Overall, the inclusion of the K-12 personal information will allow for a complete view of educational and labour market trajectories and make it possible to derive insights about how specific influences from early education affect them.

The anonymized analytical datasets, available to approved researchers and policy makers in Statistics Canada's RDCs, provide expanded research opportunities to use this rich information to help positively influence the educational trajectory of Canadians through the system, and all the way to the labour market, further enabling new projects with stakeholders and other academic researchers.

3. Proportionality: Participation in this project, and at what level, is decided by the participating school boards or provincial/territorial ministry of education, who are entrusted with the personal information and have the legal authority to disclose it to Statistics Canada.^{Footnote 9} Use of the ELMLP as a service to exclusively conduct analysis on their own datasets does not necessarily mean the data will be integrated into the ELMLP for research and analysis by Statistics Canada and by deemed employees in the RDCs. This decision rests with the originating organization. Data sharing for the ELMLP is covered in relevant data sharing agreements developed pursuant to the Statistics Act and agreed to with each institution which provides appropriate restrictions to the use and disclosure of the data being shared to both support the data sharing and reduce any residual risk to the privacy of affected individuals.

The personal information being added or used in the ELMLP allows Statistics Canada to fill data gaps related to early educational experiences and their impact on long-term outcomes of students. This, in turn, allows policymakers to make data-driven decisions related to educational programming by assessing programming against the long-term outcomes. This type of research has the potential to significantly impact those outcomes positively, improve access to postsecondary education, and generally better outcomes once an individual reaches the labour market. This is an important goal, which speaks directly to Statistics Canada's mandate^{Footnote 10} as well as that of the participating organizations providing the data.

4. Alternatives: There is currently no alternative option for longitudinal performance indicators, such as completion rates, amongst others in the education field that covers the kindergarten to grade 12 population. Integrating administrative data of elementary and secondary students to postsecondary students and registered apprentices is the only current way to perform a greater, in-depth analysis of educational pathway indicators. Currently, no other data sources allow the analysis of the relationships between students' pathways and their outcomes on the labour market on a longitudinal basis.

Surveys are restricted by cost, sample size and the need for more granularity in the data, response rates and less frequent collection. Statistics Canada has observed that response rates to longitudinal surveys decline considerably over time, potentially introducing bias and reducing quality and accuracy.

Mitigation factors

The overall risk of harm to the affected individuals has been deemed manageable with existing Statistics Canada safeguards that are described in Statistics Canada's Generic Privacy Impact Assessment, with particular emphasis on the following measures:

• The data providers will, in the ELMLP as a service, use the data resulting from the SDLE linkage to analyze only their own student population(s).
• These and future microdata linkages will continue to undergo the standard mandatory prescribed review and approval process, which involves the submission of well documented proposals. When such linkages include personal information, a summary of the approved microdata linkage is posted on Statistics Canada's website.
• All researchers who will have access to the data must be deemed employees of Statistics Canada with an approved research project and valid security clearance that have sworn the Oath or Affirmation of Office and Secrecy pursuant to Section 6 the Statistics Act.
• Data access is approved for a specific purpose and period and must occur in a secure setting such as Statistics Canada offices or the Research Data Centres.
• Statistics Canada vets all output for privacy before being removed from the secure environment or released to the public, ensuring that no individual may be directly or indirectly identified.

Conclusion

This assessment concludes that, with the existing Statistics Canada safeguards, any remaining risks are such that Statistics Canada is prepared to accept and manage the risk.

Business or organization information

1. Which of the following categories best describes this business or organization?

• Government agency
• Private sector business
• Non-profit organization
  • Who does this organization primarily serve?
    • Households or individuals
      e.g., child and youth services, community food services, food bank, women’s shelter, community housing services, emergency relief services, religious organization, grant and giving services, social advocacy group, arts and recreation group
    • Businesses
      e.g., business association, chamber of commerce, condominium association, environmental support or protection services, group benefit carriers (pensions, health, medical)
• Don’t know

2. In what year was this business or organization first established?

Please provide the year this business or organization first began operations.

Year business or organization was first established:
OR
Don’t know

• Approximately how long ago was this business or organization first established?
  • 2 years ago or less
    Established in 2026, 2025, or 2024.
  • 3 to 10 years ago
    Established in 2016 to 2023.
  • 11 to 20 years ago
    Established in 2006 to 2015.
  • More than 20 years ago
    Established in 2005 or earlier.
  • Don’t know

3. Over the last 12 months, which of the following international activities did this business or organization conduct?

Select all that apply.

• Export or sell goods outside of Canada
  Include both intermediate and final goods.
• Export or sell services outside of Canada
  Include services delivered virtually and in person.
  e.g., software, cloud services, legal services, environmental services, architectural services, digital advertising
• Make investments outside of Canada
• Sell goods to businesses or organizations in Canada who then resold them outside of Canada
• Import or buy goods from outside of Canada
  Include both intermediate and final goods.
• Import or buy services from outside of Canada
  Include services received virtually and in person.
  e.g., software, cloud services, legal services, environmental services, architectural services, digital advertising
• Relocate any business or organizational activities or employees from another country into Canada
  Exclude temporary foreign workers.
• Relocate any business or organizational activities or employees from Canada to another country
• Engage in other international business or organizational activities
  OR
• None of the above

4. Over the next three months, how are each of the following expected to change for this business or organization?

Exclude seasonal factors or conditions.

• Number of employees
  • Increase
  • Stay about the same
  • Decrease
  • Not applicable
  • Don’t know
• Vacant positions
  • Increase
  • Stay about the same
  • Decrease
  • Not applicable
  • Don’t know
• Sales of goods or services offered by this business or organization
  • Increase
  • Stay about the same
  • Decrease
  • Not applicable
  • Don’t know
• Selling price of goods or services offered by this business or organization
  • Increase
  • Stay about the same
  • Decrease
  • Not applicable
  • Don’t know
• Demand for goods or services offered by this business or organization
  • Increase
  • Stay about the same
  • Decrease
  • Not applicable
  • Don’t know
• Imports of goods or services
  • Increase
  • Stay about the same
  • Decrease
  • Not applicable
  • Don’t know
• Exports of goods or services
  • Increase
  • Stay about the same
  • Decrease
  • Not applicable
  • Don’t know
• Operating income
  • Increase
  • Stay about the same
  • Decrease
  • Not applicable
  • Don’t know
• Operating expenses
  • Increase
  • Stay about the same
  • Decrease
  • Not applicable
  • Don’t know
• Profitability
  • Increase
  • Stay about the same
  • Decrease
  • Not applicable
  • Don’t know
• Cash reserves
  • Increase
  • Stay about the same
  • Decrease
  • Not applicable
  • Don’t know
• Capital expenditures
  e.g., machinery, equipment
  • Increase
  • Stay about the same
  • Decrease
  • Not applicable
  • Don’t know
• Training expenditures
  • Increase
  • Stay about the same
  • Decrease
  • Not applicable
  • Don’t know
• Marketing and advertising budget
  • Increase
  • Stay about the same
  • Decrease
  • Not applicable
  • Don’t know
• Expenditures in research and development
  • Increase
  • Stay about the same
  • Decrease
  • Not applicable
  • Don’t know
• Online sales 
  • Increase
  • Stay about the same
  • Decrease
  • Not applicable
  • Don’t know

Business or organization obstacles

5. Over the next three months, which of the following are expected to be obstacles for this business or organization?

Select all that apply.

• Shortage of labour force
• Recruiting skilled employees
• Retaining skilled employees
• Shortage of space or equipment
• Cost of inputs
  An input is an economic resource used in a firm’s production process.
  e.g., labour, capital, energy and raw materials
• Costs in real estate, leasing or property taxes
• Inflation
• Interest rates and debt costs
  e.g., borrowing fees, interest payments
• Difficulty acquiring inputs, products or supplies from within Canada
• Difficulty acquiring inputs, products or supplies from abroad
• Maintaining inventory levels
• Insufficient demand for goods or services offered
• Fluctuations in consumer demand
• Attracting new or returning customers
• Lack of financial resources
• Technological limitations
• Regulatory constraints
• Cost of insurance
• Transportation costs
• Obtaining financing
• Increasing competition 
• Challenges related to exporting or selling goods and services to customers in other provinces or territories
• Challenges related to exporting or selling goods and services outside of Canada
• Maintaining sufficient cash flow or managing debt
• Attract local investment
• Attract foreign direct investment
• Other obstacle
  • Specify other obstacle:
  OR
• None of the above

Flow condition: If at least two obstacles are selected in Q5, go to Q6. Otherwise, go to Q7.
Display condition: Display in Q6 the obstacles selected in Q5.

6. Of the obstacles selected in the previous question, which obstacle is expected to be the most challenging over the next three months?

• Shortage of labour force
• Recruiting skilled employees
• Retaining skilled employees
• Shortage of space or equipment
• Cost of inputs 
  An input is an economic resource used in a firm’s production process.
  e.g., labour, capital, energy and raw materials
• Costs in real estate, leasing or property taxes
• Inflation
• Interest rates and debt costs
  e.g., borrowing fees, interest payments
• Difficulty acquiring inputs, products or supplies from within Canada
• Difficulty acquiring inputs, products or supplies from abroad
• Maintaining inventory levels
• Insufficient demand for goods or services offered
• Fluctuations in consumer demand
• Attracting new or returning customers
• Lack of financial resources
• Technological limitations
• Regulatory constraints
• Cost of insurance
• Transportation costs
• Obtaining financing
• Increasing competition 
• Challenges related to exporting or selling goods and services to customers in other provinces or territories
• Challenges related to exporting or selling goods and services outside of Canada
• Maintaining sufficient cash flow or managing debt
• Attract local investment
• Attract foreign direct investment
• Other obstacle

Flow condition: If “Cost of inputs” is selected in Q5, go to Q7. Otherwise, go to Q8.

7. Over the next three months, which of the following costs of inputs are expected to be obstacles for this business or organization?

Select all that apply.

• Cost of labour
• Cost of capital
• Cost of energy
• Cost of raw materials
  OR
• Don’t know

Flow condition: If “Difficulty acquiring inputs, products or supplies from within Canada”, “Difficulty acquiring inputs, products or supplies from abroad”, or “Maintaining inventory levels” is selected in Q5, go to Q8. Otherwise, go to Q11.

Display condition: If “Difficulty acquiring inputs, products or supplies from within Canada”, “Difficulty acquiring inputs, products or supplies from abroad”, or “Maintaining inventory levels” is selected in Q5, display in Q8.

Supply chain challenges

8. How long does this business or organization expect the following to continue to be an obstacle?

• Difficulty acquiring inputs, products or supplies from within Canada
  • Less than 3 months
  • 3 months to less than 6 months
  • 6 months to less than 12 months
  • 12 months or more
  • Don’t know
• Difficulty acquiring inputs, products or supplies from abroad
  • Less than 3 months
  • 3 months to less than 6 months
  • 6 months to less than 12 months
  • 12 months or more
  • Don’t know
• Maintaining inventory levels
  • Less than 3 months
  • 3 months to less than 6 months
  • 6 months to less than 12 months
  • 12 months or more
  • Don’t know

9. Over the last three months, how have supply chain challenges experienced by this business or organization changed?

Supply chain challenges include difficulty acquiring inputs, products or supplies from within Canada or abroad and difficulty maintaining inventory levels.

Exclude seasonal factors or conditions.

• Supply chain challenges have worsened
  • Which of the following factors have contributed to these challenges?
    Select all that apply.
    • Increased prices of inputs, products or supplies
    • Increased delays in deliveries of inputs, products or supplies
    • Supply shortages resulted in fewer inputs, products or supplies being available
    • Supply shortages resulted in no inputs, products or supplies available
    • Other factor
      • Specify other factor:
      OR
    • Don’t know
• Supply chain challenges have remained about the same
• Supply chain challenges have improved

10. Over the next three months, how does this business or organization expect supply chain challenges to change?

Supply chain challenges include difficulty acquiring inputs, products or supplies from within Canada or abroad and difficulty maintaining inventory levels.
Exclude seasonal factors or conditions.

• Supply chain challenges are expected to worsen
• Supply chain challenges are expected to remain about the same
• Supply chain challenges are expected to improve

Flow condition: If “Government agency” was selected in Q1, go to Q12. Otherwise, go to Q11.
Display condition: If “Non-profit organization” is selected in Q1, do not display “Transfer the business” or “Sell the business” in Q11.

Expectations for the next year

11. Over the next 12 months, does this business or organization plan to do any of the following?

Select all that apply.

• Expand current location of this business or organization
• Expand operations of this business or organization internationally
• Expand operations of this business or organization into a new province or territory within Canada
• Move operations of this business or organization to another location within the province or territory
• Move operations of this business or organization to another province or territory within Canada entirely
• Expand this business or organization to other locations within the same province or territory
• Expand this business or organization without increasing physical space
  i.e., hiring more staff who will work remotely, or expanding online sales capacity
• Restructure this business or organization
  Restructuring involves changing the financial, operational, legal or other structures of the business or organization to make it more efficient or more profitable.
• Acquire other businesses, organizations or franchises
• Invest in other businesses or organizations
• Merge with other businesses or organizations
• Reduce the physical space of this business or organization
• Scale down operations of this business or organization to within a single province or territory within Canada
• Transfer the business
• Sell the business
  OR
• Close the business or organization
  OR
• Don’t know
  OR
• None of the above

Flow condition: If “Export or sell goods outside of Canada” or “Export or sell services outside of Canada” was selected in Q3, go to Q12. Otherwise, go to Q13.

Trade

12. Over the last 12 months, what percentage of this business’ or organization’s sales were made directly to clients or customers in the United States?

Provide your best estimate rounded to the nearest percentage.

Percentage of sales made directly to clients or customers in the United States:
OR
Don’t know

Flow condition: If “Import or buy goods from outside of Canada” or “Import or buy services from outside of Canada” was selected in Q3, go to Q13. Otherwise, go to Q14.

13. Over the last 12 months, what percentage of this business’ or organization’s purchases were made directly from suppliers in the United States?

Provide your best estimate rounded to the nearest percentage.

Percentage of purchases made directly from suppliers in the United States:
OR
Don’t know

14. Over the next 12 months, what is the expected impact for each of the following on this business or organization?

If tariffs are not relevant to this business or organization, please select “No impact”.

• U.S. tariffs on goods sold by businesses in Canada
  • Major negative impact
  • Minor negative impact
  • No impact
  • Minor positive impact
  • Major positive impact
  • Don’t know
• Canadian tariffs on goods purchased from businesses in the U.S.
  • Major negative impact
  • Minor negative impact
  • No impact
  • Minor positive impact
  • Major positive impact
  • Don’t know
• The elimination of trade barriers between provinces or territories
  • Major negative impact
  • Minor negative impact
  • No impact
  • Minor positive impact
  • Major positive impact
  • Don’t know

15. Over the next 12 months, does this business or organization plan to take any of the following actions as a result of any tariffs applied by the United States on goods sold from Canada?

Select all that apply.

• Seek alternative customers outside the United States 
• Seek alternative suppliers outside the United States 
• Increase domestic sourcing
• Increase efforts to sell to customers in Canada
• Delay major investments or expenditures
• Delay Canadian investment or expansion plans
• Acquire or partner with United States-based businesses as a beachhead strategy
• Explore trade-related financial tools
  e.g., currency hedging, insurance
• Establish operations in the United States
• Increase inventory or stockpiled goods
• Invest in technology improvements 
  e.g., technology adoption, automation
• Lay off employees
• Hire employees
• Raise prices of goods or services
• Lower prices of goods or services
• Other action
  • Specify other action:
  OR
• None of the above
  OR
• Don’t know

Flow condition: If the percentage of sales made directly to clients or customers in the United States reported in Q12 was greater than 0, go to Q16. Otherwise, go to Q17.

16. Over the last 12 months, has this business or organization sold any goods to the United States that were subject to any tariffs?

• Yes
• No
• Don’t know

Flow condition: If the percentage of purchases made directly from suppliers in the United States reported in Q13 was greater than 0, go to Q17. Otherwise, go to Q18.

17. Over the last 12 months, has this business or organization purchased any goods from the United States that were subject to any tariffs?

• Yes
• No
• Don’t know

18. Over the last 12 months, has this business or organization passed on any increases in its costs due to tariffs to its customers?

Include both indirect cost increases and direct cost increases due to tariffs.

• Yes
• No
• This business or organization has not experienced any cost increases due to tariffs
• Don’t know

19. Over the next 12 months, how likely is this business or organization to pass on cost increases due to tariffs to its customers?

Include both indirect cost increases and direct cost increases due to tariffs.

• Very likely
• Somewhat likely
• Somewhat unlikely
• Very unlikely
• This business or organization does not expect any cost increases due to tariffs
• Don't know

Canadian goods and services

20. Over the last 12 months, has this business or organization changed its marketing practices to promote Canadian goods and services?

e.g., labeling products that are either “Canadian”, “Made in Canada” or are a “Product of Canada”

• Yes
• No
• Don’t know

21. Over the last 12 months, has this business or organization experienced an increase in sales of Canadian goods and services?

e.g., products that are either “Canadian”, “Made in Canada” or are a “Product of Canada”

• Yes
• No
• Don’t know

Natural disasters and extreme weather events

22. Is this business or organization concerned about the impact of natural disasters and extreme weather events or of climate change on the future of its activities?

Natural disasters and extreme weather events include flooding, sea level rise, windstorms, tornadoes, wildfires, winter storms, blizzards, hurricanes, extreme heat events, extreme smoke, prolonged poor air quality, earthquakes, and similar types of events.

• Yes
• No
• Don’t know

23.  Which of the following is this business or organization currently insured for?

Select all that apply.

• Insurance for natural disaster-related flooding damage
  e.g., overland flooding, storm surge, torrential rainwater accumulation
• Insurance for wildfire damage
  OR
• None of the above
  OR
• Don't know 

24. Over the last 12 months, has this business or organization made an insurance claim related to natural disasters or weather-related events?

Natural disasters and extreme weather events include flooding, sea level rise, windstorms, tornadoes, wildfires, winter storms, blizzards, hurricanes, extreme heat events, extreme smoke, prolonged poor air quality, earthquakes, and similar types of events.

• Yes
• No
• Don’t know

Carbon markets and carbon dioxide removal credits

25. Over the next 12 months, to what extent is this business or organization likely to trade credits on carbon markets?

A carbon market allows individuals and companies to buy and sell carbon credits to offset greenhouse gas emissions. These markets operate either as compliance systems (such as government-run large-emitter trading systems) or as voluntary platforms.
Exclude fuel charges or provincial carbon reduction initiatives.

• Carbon markets are not relevant to this business or organization
• Very likely
• Somewhat likely
• Somewhat unlikely
• Very unlikely
• Don’t know

Flow condition: If “Very likely” or “Somewhat likely” was selected in Q25, go to Q26. Otherwise, go to Q28.

26. Is this business or organization considering purchasing technology-enabled carbon dioxide removal (CDR) credits before the end of 2030? 

CDR credits represent a specific amount of carbon dioxide that has been removed from the atmosphere. Technology-enabled CDR includes direct air capture, biomass carbon removal with storage, and enhanced mineralization. Technology-enabled CDR is distinct from nature-based CDR (e.g., afforestation, wetland restoration).

• Yes
• No
• Don’t know

Flow condition: If “Yes” was selected in Q26, go to Q27. Otherwise, go to Q28.

27.  Are any of the following barriers for this business or organization in purchasing technology-enabled carbon dioxide removal (CDR) credits before the end of 2030?

Select all that apply.

• Price
• Availability of high-quality credits
• Uncertainty about the role of CDR in addressing emissions
• Uncertainty around credit quality
• Challenges in comparing credits across different standards
• Lack of information about how to purchase technology-enabled CDR credits
• Uncertain policy outlook
• Other barrier
  • Specify other barrier:
  OR
• None of the above
  OR
• Don’t know

Defence and cybersecurity

Flow condition: If the business or organization is in the Manufacturing sector (NAICS 31-33), Wholesale trade sector (NAICS 41), Transportation sector (NAICS 48), or Professional, scientific and technical services sector (NAICS 54), go to Q28. Otherwise, go to Q29.

28. Over the last 12 months, did this business or organization manufacture any defence goods or provide any defence services? 

Defence goods or services may include ammunition and firearms; maintenance, repair or overhaul of military aircrafts, naval ships, combat vehicles and their related components; military systems deployed in space and space launch vehicles; communications and navigation systems; simulation systems for military aircraft, naval ships and combat vehicles; and troop support and training.

• Yes
• No
• Don’t know

Flow condition: If the business or organization is in the Wholesale trade sector (NAICS 41), Information and cultural industries sector (NAICS 51), or Professional, scientific and technical services sector (NAICS 54), go to Q29. Otherwise, go to Q31.

29. Over the last 12 months, did this business or organization manufacture any cybersecurity goods or provide any cybersecurity services? 

Cybersecurity goods or services may include cybersecurity solutions based on a single package of services; compliance audits; program development; risk management; industrial control system; data acquisition; encryption; cybersecurity infrastructure services; penetration testing and threat assessments; cyberspace threat monitoring; forensics and the investigation of cyber attacks; and cybersecurity training.

• Yes
• No
• Don’t know

Flow condition: If “Yes” was selected in Q28 or “Yes” was selected in Q29, go to Q30. Otherwise, go to Q31.

30. Over the next 12 months, does this business or organization plan to expand its defence and cybersecurity goods or services?  

Include increases in the volume of sales and the range of products or services offered.

• Yes
• No
• Don’t know

Flow condition: If “No” was selected in Q28 or “No” was selected in Q29, go to Q31. Otherwise, go to Q32.

31. Over the next 12 months, does this business or organization plan to sell or provide defence or cybersecurity goods or services? 

• Yes
• No
• Don’t know

Flow condition: If “Yes” was selected in Q28 or “Yes” was selected in Q29 or “Yes” was selected in Q31, go to Q32. Otherwise, go to Q33.

32. Over the next 12 months, does this business or organization plan to take any of the following actions related to government procurement in defence or cybersecurity? 

Select all that apply.

• Fulfill a previously awarded government contract
• Submit a proposal or bid on a government contract
• Supply defence or cybersecurity goods or services to other businesses which have government contracts for defence or cybersecurity goods 
  OR
• None of the above
  OR
• Don't know 

Artificial intelligence

33. Over the last 12 months, did this business or organization use artificial intelligence (AI) in producing goods or delivering services?

e.g., machine learning, virtual agents, voice recognition

• Yes
  • What type of AI applications did this business or organization use in producing goods or delivering services?
    Select all that apply.
    • Machine learning
    • Natural language processing
    • Virtual agents or chat bots
    • Speech or voice recognition using AI
    • Recommendation systems based on AI
    • Large language models
    • Text analytics using AI
    • Data analytics using AI
    • Neural networks
    • Augmented reality
    • Decision making systems based on AI
    • Deep learning
    • Image or pattern recognition
    • Machine or computer vision
    • Robotics process automation
    • Biometrics
    • Marketing automation using AI
    • Other type
      • Specify other type:    
      OR
    • Don’t know
• No
• Don’t know

Flow condition: If “Yes” was selected in Q33, go to Q34. Otherwise, go to Q35.

34. Has the use of AI led this business or organization to make any of the following changes?

Select all that apply.

• Train existing employees
• Train existing executives
• Hire employees with AI-related skills
• Use external consultants or vendors
  OR
• None of the above
  OR
• Don't know 

35. Are any of the following a barrier that limits this business’ or organization’s use of AI?

Select all that apply.

• Cost
• Lack of skilled workers
• Data limitations
• Cybersecurity or privacy concerns
• Uncertainty about benefits
• Regulatory concerns
  OR
• Not relevant to this business or organization
  OR
• None of the above
  OR
• Don’t know

Liquidity

36. Does this business or organization have the cash or liquid assets required to operate for the next three months? 

• Yes
• No
  • Will this business or organization be able to acquire the cash or liquid assets required?
    • Yes
    • No 
    • Don’t know 
• Don’t know

Debt

37. Over the next three months, does this business or organization plan to apply to a financial institution for a new line of credit, a new term loan, a new non-residential mortgage or refinancing of an existing non-residential mortgage?

Include commercial mortgages.
Exclude residential mortgages.

• Yes
  • What are the intended uses of this funding?
    Select all that apply.
    • Refinancing of existing debt
    • Non-residential investments 
      e.g., machinery, equipment, R&D
    • Current expenditure
    • Business expansion
    • Financing the acquisition of another business
    • Other use
      • Specify other use:    
      OR
    • Don’t know
• No
  • Does this business or organization have the ability to take on more debt?
    Answer based on this business’ or organization’s ability, even if there are no plans to take on more debt.
    • Yes
    • No
      • For which of the following reasons is this business or organization unable to take on more debt?
        Select all that apply.
        • Cash flow
        • Lack of confidence or uncertainty in future sales
        • Request would be turned down
        • Too difficult or time consuming to apply
        • Interest rates are unfavourable
        • Payment terms are unfavourable
        • Credit rating
        • Other reason
          • Specify other reason: 
          OR
        • Not applicable
          OR
        • Don’t know
    • Don’t know
• Don’t know

Future outlook

38. Over the next 12 months, what is the future outlook for this business or organization? 

• Very optimistic
• Somewhat optimistic
• Somewhat pessimistic
• Very pessimistic
• Don’t know

Flow condition: If “Private sector business” was selected in Q1, go to Q39. Otherwise, go to “Contact Person”.

Ownership

(i) The groups identified within the following questions are included in order to gain a better understanding of businesses owned by members of various communities across Canada.

39.  What percentage of this business or organization is owned by each of the following groups?

Provide your best estimate rounded to the nearest percentage.
If the business or organization is not owned by anyone that falls under that group, please enter “0”.

a. What percentage of this business or organization is owned by women?
Percentage owned by women:
OR
Prefer not to say
OR
Don’t know

b. What percentage of this business or organization is owned by First Nations, Métis or Inuit peoples?
Percentage owned by First Nations, Métis or Inuit peoples:
OR
Prefer not to say
OR
Don’t know

c. What percentage of this business or organization is owned by immigrants to Canada?
Percentage owned by immigrants to Canada:
OR
Prefer not to say
OR
Don’t know

d. What percentage of this business or organization is owned by persons with a disability?
Include visible and non-visible disabilities.
Percentage owned by persons with a disability:
OR
Prefer not to say
OR
Don’t know

e. What percentage of this business or organization is owned by Two-Spirited, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer (2SLGBTQ+) people?
Percentage owned by 2SLGBTQ+ people:
OR
Prefer not to say
OR
Don’t know

f. What percentage of this business or organization is owned by members of visible minorities?
A member of a visible minority in Canada may be defined as someone (other than an Indigenous person) who is non-white in colour or race, regardless of place of birth.
Percentage owned by members of visible minorities:
OR
Prefer not to say
OR
Don’t know

Flow condition: If more than 50% of this business or organization is owned by members of visible minorities, go to Q40. Otherwise, go to “Contact person”.

40. It was indicated that at least 51 % of this business or organization is owned by members of visible minorities. Please select the categories that describe the owner or owners.

Select all that apply.

• South Asian
  e.g., East Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan
• Chinese
• Black
• Filipino
• Latin American
• Arab
• Southeast Asian
  e.g., Vietnamese, Cambodian, Laotian, Thai
• West Asian
  e.g., Afghan, Iranian
• Korean
• Japanese
• Other group
  • Specify other group:
  OR
• Prefer not to say

Canada’s story is evolving—and Greater Montréal plays a pivotal role in shaping Quebec’s economic, demographic, and innovative future. As the province’s largest metropolitan region, Montréal sits at the intersection of population change, economic transformation, and global connectivity. Data help tell a richer story about how the region is evolving—and how it continues to influence Quebec’s place in Canada and beyond.

Join Statistics Canada, in partnership with HEC Montréal and the Association des économistes québécois(ASDEQ), for an in-person Data Stories event in Montréal. This session will explore how data illuminate Greater Montréal’s role as a key driver of provincial growth, while situating the region within broader Quebec, Canadian, and North American trends.

Led by the Chief Statistician of Canada, the presentation will highlight how Statistics Canada’s insights support informed discussions, sectoral decision making, and policy development. Using recent data, the session will explore themes such as population change, labour markets, key economic sectors, innovation—including artificial intelligence—and trade, with a particular focus on how Greater Montréal’s strengths and challenges shape outcomes across Quebec.

The presentation will be followed by a moderated panel discussion and a question and answer period, offering participants the opportunity to engage directly with experts.

We hope you'll join us for this timely and data driven discussion.

Event details

Participation format: In person only

When: Thursday, June 4, 2026, 1:00 p.m. to 3:30 p.m. (Eastern Time)

Where: HEC Montréal, Room A.335 – Rachelle et Alain-Paris Amphitheatre, Level 3, Hélène Desmarais Building - 501 De La Gauchetière Street West, Montréal, QC H2Z 1Z5 (In person only)

Contact: statcan.statcanevents-evenementsstatcan.statcan@statcan.gc.ca

Registration

Fees

• Free

Register here

Cancellation policy

If you are registered and your plans have changed and you can no longer attend, please cancel your registration.

Event program

Presenter and Panellist

André Loranger, Chief Statistician of Canada, Statistics Canada

Host

To be announced

Moderator

To be announced

The list of panellists will be posted in the coming weeks. Bookmark this page and check back frequently!

Information for participants

Interpretation

Simultaneous interpretation (English, French) will be available during the event.

Introduction

The Modernizing Housing Data Initiative—a collaboration between Housing, Infrastructure and Communities Canada; Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation; and Statistics Canada—aims to generate timely and granular data that will inform housing policy and program development. Statistics Canada is expanding the Canadian Housing Statistics Program (CHSP) to produce annual data on dwellings at the municipal level. These data provide new information on housing stock, improving the understanding of Canada’s housing market.

Methodology

The derivation aims to produce a complete and accurate estimate of the number of private dwellings in Canada. It is the product of several reconciled administrative data sources: provincial and territorial property data from land registries and assessment rolls, and residential building data available in Statistics Canada’s Statistical Building Register (SBgR). The number of dwellings is estimated for each residential property covered by the CHSP.

The initial process involved data standardization and harmonization to consolidate any differences in concepts and data between the datasets in preparation for linkage. Multiple linkage methods were used, including deterministic geospatial location-based and probabilistic address-based linkages. Subsequently, a post-match resolution process was implemented to ensure that only high-quality property and building unit links were retained.

A final estimate was produced by reconciling inputs from the various sources and represents the total number of private residential dwellings at the property level.

Quality evaluation

Consultations were held with each of the data providers to ensure reference points were harmonized, with an emphasis on harmonizing the time period associated with dwelling attributes across the jurisdictions.

The content of the input data, including property characteristics, was then compared across vintages to ensure coherency over time.

Subsequently, steps were taken to consolidate and standardize variables originating from the various data sources to achieve the best match between records. Vintages of the administrative data sources were chosen to best reflect the target vintage date of the dwelling stock.

Linkage results were reviewed to ensure that the methods used were largely correct and appropriate.

The following is a selection of the data evaluations that were performed.

Table 1 Linkage rates of Canadian Housing Statistics Program residential properties to the Statistical Building Register, by province, census metropolitan area (CMA) and census agglomeration (CA), reference years 2023 and 2024

Province	Area	2023	2024
		percentage
Newfoundland and Labrador	Overall	87	87
	CMA/CA	97	97
	Outside CMA/CA	75	76
Nova Scotia	Overall	98	97
	CMA/CA	99	98
	Outside CMA/CA	96	95
New Brunswick	Overall	92	92
	CMA/CA	95	95
	Outside CMA/CA	88	88
Ontario	Overall	98	97
	CMA/CA	99	99
	Outside CMA/CA	88	88
Manitoba	Overall	87	88
	CMA/CA	97	97
	Outside CMA/CA	65	69
British Columbia	Overall	97	96
	CMA/CA	98	98
	Outside CMA/CA	86	85
Note: CMA/CA refers to census metropolitan area or census agglomeration.

Table 1 presents linkage rates between residential properties from the CHSP and building units from the SBgR. The results show that the linkage rates are generally high and mostly stable across the two reference years. Rates are higher in census metropolitan areas (CMAs) and census agglomerations (CAs), compared with outside CMAs and CAs. These differences result from the higher presence of non-civic addresses, incomplete civic addresses and misaligned input data across the data sources in areas outside CMAs and CAs. This is demonstrated when examining the change in the linkage rate in rural Manitoba, where an improvement in the quality of civic addresses was the main contributor to greater linkage success. Additionally, differences in coverage of the input data, especially for newly constructed dwellings, also explain a portion of unlinked records.

For linked records, the alignment between dwelling count information from property assessment authorities and the SBgR is consistent and stable across time, as presented in Table 2. The results show that the alignment rate was slightly higher in 2024 compared with 2023, because of coverage improvements for residential building units among SBgR. Conversely, the alignment rate in British Columbia was slightly lower than that in other provinces, mainly because of challenges capturing secondary suites across urban communities.

For situations where linked records have differing dwelling counts across the two data sources, the higher dwelling count is taken to account primarily for the presence of secondary suites. When there is no link to the SBgR, the dwelling is derived from the property assessment source.

Table 2 Alignment rate of dwelling counts between property assessment authorities and the Statistical Building Register, by province, 2023 and 2024

Province	2023	2024
	percentage
Newfoundland and Labrador	92	92
Nova Scotia	93	94
New Brunswick	94	95
Ontario	94	95
Manitoba	97	98
British Columbia	87	89

Limitations

The CHSP database reflects the current content of the external data provider’s registry of residential properties as of the date of extraction, which varies by province and territory. In Newfoundland and Labrador, coverage is limited to a portion of the province. As a result, the total number of residential dwellings is not available at the provincial level.

Introduction

The Canadian Housing Statistics Program (CHSP) aims to provide detailed insights on residential properties in Canada, their owners, and the number of dwellings associated with these properties. However, certain estimates are subject to limitations or may not be available for some jurisdictions or variable types because of differences in data sources, regional coverage and processing steps.

The purpose of this document is to help the reader interpret and use data from the CHSP. It outlines key data quality considerations and specific limitations affecting the availability and comparability of estimates across some domains.

To consult changes that are specific to a given reference year, please refer to the Summary of changes - Surveys and statistical programs - Canadian Housing Statistics Program (CHSP).

Data processing

• Random rounding is applied to all raw counts to protect the confidentiality of owners in the totals. Totals and subtotals may not equal the sum of components.
• Percentages are calculated from rounded counts.
• Averages and medians are calculated using only non-missing, non-null, and values greater than zero for the variables of interest (for example, assessment value, total living area and total income).
• Assessment value per square foot refers to the assessment value of a property divided by its total living area.
• Some property or owner characteristics are in the "unspecified" category either because the corresponding information was not received from the data provider or because there is no identifiable link connecting the property to the owner information. Therefore, users must take this limitation into account when interpreting the data.
• Previous reference period estimates are subject to revision.
• Each year, geocoding is updated based on the best available location information, which may result in slight variations in the counts of census subdivisions from one year to the next.

Universe of property tables

The tables 46-10-0093, 46-10-0094 and 46-10-0095 are restricted to residential properties in Canada. The geographic location of a property is determined by its physical address. Mixed-use properties (e.g., residential and commercial) are included, but the property characteristics reported in the tables reflect only the residential portion of mixed-use properties. The universe covers residential properties across Canada. However, it does not cover residential properties located on reserves or collective dwellings. It also excludes commercial, industrial, and institutional properties.

Universe of owner tables

The tables 46-10-0030 and 46-10-0069 include all residential property owners at the provincial level. However, table 46-10-0030 also provides data on buyers, who are property owners who acquired a property, either on or off the market, between January 1 and December 31 of the previous reference year.

The tables 46-10-0096, 46-10-0097 and 46-10-0098 are restricted to resident owners who are persons occupying their residential property. An owner's geographic location is determined by the location of the occupied property.

In the case of Nunavut, where information on owner-occupied properties is unavailable, the universe includes all resident owners who are persons without restrictions on owner-occupancy. For owners with multiple properties, the geographic location and property characteristics are based on the residential property with the highest assessment value.

Universe of buyer table

The table 46-10-0099 is restricted to resident buyers who are persons who filed their T1 tax return form in the previous year and purchased a property in a market sale.

Universe of the private dwelling table

Table 46-10-0101 covers all residential properties in the CHSP that contain at least one private dwelling. It also includes all private dwellings associated with these properties. Information on assessment values is reported at the property level.

Data availability and limitations

Newfoundland and Labrador

• Estimates are not available at the provincial level and for the category "outside of census metropolitan areas (CMAs) and census agglomerations (CAs)."
• Estimates by property type are available only for the census subdivision of St. John's.

Prince Edward Island

• Estimates of total living area and assessment value per square foot are not available.

New Brunswick

• Estimates of total living area and assessment value per square foot for condominium apartments are not available.
• The "total, all property types" category excludes condominium apartments; therefore, users should consider this limitation when interpreting estimates of total living area and assessment value per square foot for this group.

Manitoba

• Estimates by property use of residential property are suppressed in many areas due to lower linkage quality.
• The estimate of the number of owner-occupied residential property is underestimated due to the quality of the linkage.

Saskatchewan

• Provincial estimates exclude the census subdivision of Prince Albert.
• Owner-related variables are not available because of missing owners' information.

Alberta

• Estimates by property use and residency status of residential property are suppressed due to low data quality.
• The number of resident owners who are persons occupying a residential property, which represent the universe of the owner tables, is underestimated due to the low linkage quality. Therefore, the number of owners should be interpreted with caution.

Yukon

• Estimates by property use and residency status of residential property are available only for the census subdivision (CSD) of Whitehorse.
• The number of resident owners who are persons occupying a residential property, which represent the universe of the owner tables, is underestimated due to the low linkage quality outside the CSD of Whitehorse. Therefore, the number of owners outside this CSD should be interpreted with caution.

Northwest Territories

• Data are available only for the CA of Yellowknife.
• Estimates by property type and period of construction are not available.
• Estimates of total living area and assessment value per square foot are not available.

Nunavut

• Estimates by property type, period of construction and property use are not available.
• Estimates of total living area and assessment value per square foot are not available.

Variable-specific limitations

Property use of residential property

• The property use indicator is suppressed outside CMAs and CAs due to low linkage quality. It may also be removed in certain regions where its reliability has been deemed insufficient.
• For the most recent period of construction, the property use indicator is less precise. Consequently, these estimates should be used with caution.

Owner-occupancy

• The quality of the linkage is unreliable outside CMAs and CAs, leading to an underestimation of the number of resident owners who are persons occupying a residential property, which represents the universe of the owner tables (except for Nunavut). Therefore, Census Subdivisions (CSDs) located outside CMAs and CAs are not included in the owner tables. Although aggregate estimates for the category "outside of census metropolitan areas (CMAs) and census agglomerations (CAs)" are still provided, the number of owners in this category should be interpreted with caution.

Assessment value

• Because provinces and territories have varying assessment periods and assessment roll durations from one region to another, it is not possible to make precise comparisons between the assessment values of properties located in different provinces or territories. To obtain the reference years for property assessment values, please refer to the document linked on the CHSP web page: Reference years of the property stock and assessment values, by province and territory.

Number of residential properties owned

• The number of properties owned by the property owner is limited to residential properties that are within a given province.

Sale Price

• Estimates of property sale prices are limited to transactions conducted on the market and are available only for residents.

Number of Buyers

• Estimates of the number of buyers are restricted to residents only.

Footnotes

Footnote 1

User guide for data processing, quality and limitations - 2023