Integrated Business Statistics Program (IBSP)

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Table of contents

• A - Reporting instructions
• B - Definitions
• C - Question 1 and 2

A - Reporting instructions

• When precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimates.

B - Definitions

Legal Name

The legal name is one recognized by law, thus it is the name liable for pursuit or for debts incurred by the business or organization. In the case of a corporation, it is the legal name as fixed by its charter or the statute by which the corporation was created.

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

To indicate a legal name of another legal entity you should instead indicate it in question 3 by selecting 'Not currently operational' and then choosing the applicable reason and providing the legal name of this other entity along with any other requested information.

Operating Name

The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

Current main activity of the business or organization

The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. Created against the background of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is designed to provide common definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three economies. NAICS is based on supply-side or production-oriented principles, to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS, are suitable for the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.

The target entity for which NAICS is designed are businesses and other organizations engaged in the production of goods and services. They include farms, incorporated and unincorporated businesses and government business enterprises. They also include government institutions and agencies engaged in the production of marketed and non-marketed services, as well as organizations such as professional associations and unions and charitable or non-profit organizations and the employees of households.

The associated NAICS should reflect those activities conducted by the business or organizational unit(s) targeted by this questionnaire only, and which can be identified by the specified legal and operating name. The main activity is the activity which most defines the targeted business or organization's main purpose or reason for existence. For a business or organization that is for-profit, it is normally the activity that generates the majority of the revenue for the entity.

The NAICS classification contains a limited number of activity classifications; the associated classification might be applicable for this business or organization even if it is not exactly how you would describe this business or organization's main activity.

Please note that any modifications to the main activity through your response to this question might not necessarily be reflected prior to the transmitting of subsequent questionnaires and as a result they may not contain this updated information.

C - Question 1 and 2

Are you growing any potatoes for sale this year? 

What is the total area of potatoes planted in this crop year?

Please report for the entire operation. Report the area of potatoes planted on land owned or rented by all partners in the operation.

Please report all planting intentions, if you have not completed your planting activities when completing this survey.

Crop Year

The period of time between one year's harvest to the next.

For most provinces, the crop year is from August to the following July.

However, in British Columbia, they could harvest potatoes as early as June so their crop year could run from June to the following May.

Thank you for your participation.

By Pierre Zwiller-Panicz, Margarita Novikova, Kirsten Gaudreau, Matthew Paslawski

Summary

This study develops and implements a machine learning model to forecast expenditures in HICC Grants and Contributions programs, focusing on reimbursement-based claims. A comparative analysis of algorithms identified Random Forest as the most effective, achieving an R-squared of 39%. Integrated into a Power BI dashboard, the model enables real-time expenditure analysis, trend visualization, and actual vs. forecast comparisons. Its implementation reduced forecasting time from three months to one, improving financial planning and stakeholder engagement.

The model has had a significant business impact, streamlining discussions between financial managers (FMAs) and program stakeholders while providing real-time insights for better decision-making. Although its applicability is limited to programs with established projects and it performs less accurately for allocation-based programs, it has proven highly effective for reimbursement-based claims with 30 or more active projects.

With its demonstrated success, the model represents a valuable step forward in financial forecasting. Its implementation has set the stage for further advancements, paving the way for broader adoption and continued improvements in predictive accuracy and program applicability.

1. Introduction

Housing, Infrastructure, and Communities Canada plays a crucial role in funding and supporting infrastructure projects that contribute to sustainable, inclusive, and climate-resilient communities. The department’s G&C programs require detailed, multi-year financial forecasts to ensure efficient allocation of government funding. However, the unpredictable nature of infrastructure projects often leads to overstated cashflow estimates, resulting in unspent funds and budget inefficiencies. As HICC's G&C programming continues to expand, the need for a scalable, data-driven forecasting solution has become increasingly clear.

To address these challenges, HICC implemented a ML forecasting model in May 2024. This innovative tool leverages advanced analytics to improve expenditure forecasting, enhance financial planning accuracy, and optimize budget allocation. By integrating this model into HICC’s existing suite of forecasting tools, the department aims to reduce inefficiencies, support data-driven decision-making, and strengthen its ability to fund critical infrastructure initiatives.

This article explores the development and implementation of the ML G&C forecasting model. It begins with an overview of the project’s background and objectives, followed by the model’s technical development and integration into HICC’s financial forecasting processes. The results and their impact on financial planning are then analyzed. The article concludes with recommendations for future enhancements and potential applications of the model.

2. ML Forecasting Model Background

2.1. Background and Evolution of Initiatives

In fiscal year 2016-2017 and 2017-2018, HICC lapsed approximately 64% of its anticipated Grants and Contributions authorities which led to a demand by central agencies for predictability in forecasting the fiscal profile of infrastructure programming. In response, HICC took several steps toward addressing these challenges:

• 2019–2020: HICC established a departmental Tiger Team to examine all aspects of the management of contribution funding to better align appropriations with actual expenditures.
• 2020–2022: HICC established a Grants and Contributions Centre of Expertise with a finance-focused skill set to address these issues.

2.2. Challenges in Current G&C Forecasting

Since its inception, the GCCOE has developed a suite of forecasting methods and processes that has helped reduce the departmental lapse in Grants Contribution funding. However, these methods and processes have created extensive workload on Financial Management Advisors (FMAs) to generate accurate forecasts which lacked standardization between different programs.

2.3. Purpose and Objective of the Model

To address these gaps, the GCCOE partners with the OCDO to explore a data-driven approach which could complement and build upon HICC’s existing suite of forecasting methods by providing a more accurate basis for FMA forecasts while simultaneously reducing workload.

The ML model's key objective is to improve forecasting of G&Cs at HICC by developing an automated forecasting tool informed by historical G&C data that is adaptable to current and new programming, thereby improving efficiency of HICC’s G&C multi-year forecasting process.

3. ML Forecasting Model Development & Implementation

This section will explore the development of the ML forecasting model, from its data sources to the final interactive tool. It will detail how the model was designed, integrated, and deployed to provide FMAs with real-time insights.

3.1. Data Sources

The first step in developing the ML Forecasting Model involved sourcing data from HICC’s Program Information Management System (PIMS), as illustrated in Figure 1 – Data Pipeline. PIMS provided detailed information on program funding and expenditures across three layers: Programs, Contribution Agreements, and Projects. Key variables included:

Variable	Definition	Sample Data
Project ID	A unique identifier for each project	13176
Contribution Agreement ID	A unique identifier linking the project to a specific funding agreement.	2
Fiscal Year	The fiscal year associated with the project’s expenditures and cashflows.	2007-2008
Project Cashflow	The projected or actual cash inflow and outflow for the project.	500 000
Project Expenditure	The amount spent on the project within a given period.	500 000
Total Amount per Contribution Agreement	The full allocated budget under a specific agreement.	2 000 000
Total Amount per Program Contribution	The overall funding contribution assigned to the program, encompassing multiple agreements.	2 000 000
Project Status	Indicates the current state of the project (e.g., active, completed, pending).	Closed

3.2. Data Preprocessing

3.2.1. Cleansing and Transformation

The data cleaning process began by identifying and removing blank entries that were irrelevant to the financial forecasting model. The final dataset included only projects with statuses—"closed," "completed," and "in implementation"—ensuring a comprehensive evaluation across all stages of the project lifecycle, which enhanced the model's robustness and adaptability.

Next, data manipulation was performed to generate key variables such as average expenditure, prior expenditures, remaining amounts, and contribution agreement values. Finally, a disaggregation process standardized the data to a consistent level of granularity. Initially structured at multiple levels—project, contribution agreement, and program—the dataset was ultimately consolidated at the project level to align with the forecasting model’s analytical framework.

To enhance the model's ability to capture financial constraints and monitor spending limits, several engineered features were derived from existing variables. These features include the total project amount, cumulative project amount, cumulative previous expenditures, recent expenditures, project lifecycle, average preceding expenditures, remaining funds, and remaining funds at the start of each fiscal year. By integrating these variables, the dataset was enriched with additional financial insights, ensuring a more accurate representation of project spending dynamics.

New Variables	Definition
Total Project Amount	The total budget allocated for a project over its entire duration. This is the sum of all planned expenditures for the project.
Cumulative Project Amount	The total amount spent on the project from its start up to the current fiscal year. This helps track how much of the budget has been utilized.
Cumulative Previous Expenditures	The sum of expenditures from all previous years before the current fiscal year. This excludes spending in the current year but provides historical financial context.
Recent Expenditures	The expenditures from the most recent fiscal year, reflecting the latest spending trends.
Project Lifecycle	The total number of years the project is expected to run, from its start year to its planned completion.
Average Preceding Expenditures	The average amount spent per year in past years. This is calculated as Cumulative Previous Expenditures / (Current Year - Start Year).
Remaining Funds	The total project budget minus cumulative expenditures. This represents the funds still available for future spending.
Remaining Funds at the Start of Each Fiscal Year	The amount of money left unspent at the beginning of a new fiscal year, before any new expenditures are incurred.
Amount	A derived variable used to improve forecast accuracy. Since future expenditures are initially 0, the model tends to predict unrealistically low values. Instead, the Amount variable replaces missing future expenditures with Cashflow (expected future disbursements), while keeping past expenditures unchanged.

3.2.2. Segmentation

With the cleaned and transformed dataset in place, the next step involved analyzing the distribution of project expenditure to better inform the modeling approach. As illustrated in Figure 2 – Project Amount Distribution, the dataset exhibited significant heterogeneity, with 95% of projects accounting for only 5% of the department’s total dollar contribution, while the remaining 5% represented 95% of the expenditures.

Given the significant disparities in project expenditures our finance colleagues initially recommended a segmentation approach. Their manual classification was based on project amounts to account for this imbalance. To refine this approach, we explored an advanced segmentation methodology. Instead of segmenting by project amount, our analysis suggested that project duration provided a better differentiation because, when comparing results, project duration offered better homogeneity within clusters, leading to more consistent groupings and improved predictive performance. During the development phase, shifting the segmentation criterion from total project cost to project duration reduced the MAE for the Random Forest model by at least 300,000. This initial categorization of projects into high materiality (>5 years) and low materiality (<5 years) led to a measurable improvement in model performance.

3.2.3. Principal Component Analysis (PCA)

To address multicollinearity among key variables, we incorporated Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Variance Inflation Factor analysis revealed severe collinearity, as illustrated in Figure 3, particularly among financial variables such as Project Total Amount, Cumulative Project Amount, and Remaining. This redundancy posed a risk of distorting predictions, especially for large-scale programs like Investing in Canada Infrastructure Program (ICIP)^{Footnote 1}.

By applying PCA, we transformed the original features into orthogonal components, capturing the maximum variance in a reduced-dimensional space. The explained variance analysis showed that five components retained about 90% of the total variance, preserving most of the dataset's information while reducing dimensionality. This trade-off mitigates multicollinearity while maintaining the predictive power of key features.

The PCA was used to reduce multicollinearity among the financial variables while preserving the most informative features. Figure 5: PCA results illustrates this method loadings, which represent how strongly each original variable contributes to a given principal component.

To improve interpretability, the principal components were renamed based on their dominant loadings:

1. Principal Component 1: Project Funding & Scale – This component is influenced by TOTAL_PROGRAM_CONTRIBUTION_AMT (0.41), project_total_amount (0.41), and cumulative_project_amount (0.37). It represents the overall financial scale of a project, emphasizing the total funding available.
2. Principal Component 2: Remaining Resources – This component captures the availability of unspent funds, primarily driven by Remaining (0.46) and Remaining_start_year (0.41). It indicates the funding is still accessible for ongoing projects.
3. Principal Component 3: Initial Resources – This component is moderately influenced by TOTAL_PROGRAM_CONTRIBUTION_AMT (0.21), project_total_amount (0.10), and cumulative_project_amount (0.04), suggesting it relates to the initial allocation of financial resources at the start of a project.
4. Principal Component 4: Project Duration – This component strongly correlates with project_lifetime (0.70), indicating that it captures project longevity and its relationship to past spending trends.
5. Principal Component 5: Lifecycle Contributions – This component captures the financial balance across a project’s timeline, with strong contributions from project_lifetime (0.61) and previous_spend (0.26).

By integrating PCA into our modeling pipeline, we effectively addressed the collinearity issues present in the original dataset and improved the stability and interpretability of the model.

The review also highlighted an important consideration: if most of the variance is not captured within a few components, it may indicate a complex data structure or non-linear relationships. In such cases, techniques like Kernel PCA, t-SNE, or UMAP might be more suitable. However, since PCA with five components retains 90% of the variance, it remains a valid choice for dimensionality reduction in this context. Future work could further explore non-linear embeddings to determine if an alternative approach provides additional performance gains.

4. G&Cs Machine Learning Forecasting Model Development

With the pre-processing complete, the next phase focused on building a robust forecasting model. This involved selecting an appropriate algorithm, fine-tuning hyperparameters, and evaluating performance to ensure accuracy across diverse project scales. Given the complexity of financial data, our approach prioritized interpretability, stability, and alignment with business needs.

4.1. Final Dataset

Variable	Definition	Sample Data
Project ID	A unique identifier for each project	13176
Contribution Agreement ID	A unique identifier linking the project to a specific funding agreement.	2
Fiscal Year	The fiscal year associated with the project’s expenditures and cashflows.	2007-2008
Project Cashflow	The projected or actual cash inflow and outflow for the project.	500 000
Project Expenditure	The amount spent on the project within a given period.	500 000
Total Amount per Contribution Agreement	The full allocated budget under a specific agreement.	2 000 000
Project Status	Indicates the current state of the project (e.g., active, completed, pending).	Closed
Amount	A derived variable used to improve forecast accuracy. Target variable.	500 000
PC1	Project funding & scale: It represents the overall financial scale of a project, emphasizing the total funding available.	-0.68
PC2	Remaining resources: It indicates the funding is still accessible for ongoing projects.	0.97
PC3	Initial resources: it relates to the initial allocation of financial resources at the start of a project.	-1.34
PC4	Project Duration: it captures project longevity and its relationship to past spending trends.	-0.19
PC5	Lifetime Contribution: captures the financial balance across a project’s timeline, with strong contributions from project_lifetime and previous_spend	-0.08

Note: As segmentation was part of the test scenarios, we initially maintained two separate datasets—df_high and df_low—grouping projects based on their materiality level.

4.2. Model Training

The dataset was structured as a time series, covering fiscal years from 2003-2004 up to 2023-2024. It was split into a training set (75%) and a test set (25%), ensuring that past data was used to forecast future expenditures. Once trained, the model was applied to predict expenditures for the current fiscal year (2024-2025) and projected three years into the future. The training process was iterative, refining the models to optimize performance while maintaining stability.

4.3. Model Comparison

Several models were evaluated, including Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and XGBoost, based on their predictive accuracy and ability to capture patterns in financial data. Since expenditures follow a sequential pattern over time, the models needed to account for temporal dependencies and underlying trends.
Each model had distinct characteristics:

• Random Forest, an ensemble method, effectively captured complex interactions, making it a strong candidate for financial forecasting.
• Gradient Boosting refined predictions through iterative learning, improving accuracy.
• XGBoost, an optimized gradient boosting algorithm, enhanced accuracy further and addressed overfitting concerns.

Model performance was evaluated using two key metrics:

• R² (Coefficient of Determination): Measures how well the model explains variance in expenditures.
• MAE (Mean Absolute Error): Quantifies the average prediction error, providing a clear financial accuracy measure.

4.4. Model Performance Assessment

This section presents the assessment metrics used to compare different models. The objective was to balance predictive accuracy, stability, and interpretability while capturing the complexities of financial data.

Scenarios	Characteristics	Best Model Performance (metrics)
Scenario 1	No segmentatio PCA	Random Forest (MAE: 137,570; R²: 93%) Overfit
Scenario 2	No segmentation PCA cap outliers	Random Forest (MAE: 852,243; R²: 36%)
Scenario 3	No segmentatio PCA cap outliers n_estimators=100 max_depth=10 min_samples_leaf=5 random_state=4	Random Forest (MAE: 888,558; R²: 37%)
Scenario 4	No segmentation PCA cap outliers weights for closer years n_estimators=100 max_depth=10 min_samples_leaf=5 random_state=42	Random Forest (MAE: 888,526; R²: 81%)
Scenario 5	No segmentation PCA cap outliers automated hyperparameter tuning	Random Forest (MAE: 758,012; R²: 40%)

4.5. Model Performance Assessment Consideration

To optimize model performance, various test splits were evaluated, including both 25%-30% and automated splits. Each scenario was tested to assess how different training and testing data partitions impacted the model's accuracy and generalizability. The automated split approach was also considered, ensuring the model’s performance remained robust across different data partitioning strategies. This comprehensive testing allowed for the identification of the most effective split configuration to enhance the model's predictive capabilities.

After optimizing the test split, we evaluated the impact of segmentation and PCA on model performance. While segmentation was initially expected to improve accuracy, testing showed that removing it while retaining PCA resulted in more stable and precise forecasts. Initially, segmentation led to the creation of two separate datasets, grouping projects based on predefined criteria. However, further analysis revealed that a unified dataset provided greater consistency, simplified model implementation, and improved scalability. This finding underscored the effectiveness of dimensionality reduction in capturing key patterns while minimizing noise. Consequently, PCA was prioritized as the primary technique for managing data complexity, ensuring a more robust and generalizable forecasting model.

Finally, we conducted hyperparameter tuning using both manual adjustments and automated optimization. However, tuning did not always yield significant improvements. For instance, a tuned Random Forest model achieved a slightly lower MAE (811,547) and a higher R² (39%), but this marginal gain did not justify the increased complexity. In some cases, hyperparameter tuning introduced overfitting, reinforcing the reliability of the simpler, default configuration.

4.6. Best Model Results

Our analysis revealed that Random Forest consistently outperformed other models in balancing predictive accuracy and alignment with financial forecasts. Among the tested configurations, the best-performing model was Random Forest (MAE: 852,243, R²: 36%), which provided expenditure projections of 4.8B for 2024-2025 and 5.2B for 2025-2026, making it the closest to GCCOE predictions. The formula for accuracy is:

4.7. ML Forecast Model Limitations

Despite the promising results, there are several limitations to the ML forecasting model that need to be addressed. Programs without project records in the system cannot be modeled because the model needs to know a project exists to generate a forecast for it. In addition, the model was created to forecast reimbursement-based claims for direct delivery programs. As such, it is less accurate when it comes to forecasting for other types of payments such as grants, advances, and milestone-based claims. The model is also less accurate for allocation-based or flow through G&C programs. Lastly, the model’s accuracy diminishes at the individual project level, which can exhibit atypical spending patterns.

These limitations mean the model currently performs best for direct delivery programs with 30 or more active projects in the system and for which the majority of claims are reimbursement based.

5. Business Results

5.1. How to get ML in the hands of the business:

To enhance the interpretation of the model's results, forecasted expenditures were integrated into an existing dashboard used by FMAs (Figure 7). This dashboard visually represents expenditure trends, allowing comparisons between actual expenditures, the FMAs' current manual method, and the ML model's forecasts.

The interactive dashboard also features personalized report capabilities, allowing users to customize their views by selecting specific criteria, such as province, program, and fiscal year. This flexibility ensures that users can tailor the data exploration to meet their specific analytical needs. Furthermore, the interactive nature of the visualization allows users to hover over any point on the curves to view exact values for each fiscal year, offering a more intuitive and granular exploration of the data. This combination of dynamic reporting and interactive visualizations supports in-depth analysis and facilitates decision-making based on the ML model's output.

5.2. Business Impact

The ML model was implemented in May 2024 to forecast G&C spending for fiscal years 2024-25 through 2027-28. It generated multi-year forecasts for nine of the department’s G&C programs, which account for approximately 80% of the department’s Grants and Contributions funding. The model's accuracy will be evaluated in April 2025 and April 2026, at the close of fiscal years 2024-25 and 2025-26, respectively.

The model’s implementation streamlined the forecasting process, reducing the time required from three months to one month. This was achieved by providing FMAs with a baseline forecast – generated by the ML model – which facilitated discussions with their respective programs and aligned expectations ahead of the recipient cash flow collection process.

Additionally, the integrated dashboard supports ongoing discussions with stakeholders, using up-to-date data in preparation for regular departmental reporting.

6. Conclusion and Next Steps

In conclusion, this study highlights the significant potential of the implementation of a ML forecasting model in the context of expenditure prediction for HICC G&C programs. The model demonstrates a high level of accuracy when compared against historic expenditures and is being tested against actual expenditures over the next two years in hopes of optimizing Grants and Contributions funding, reducing public account lapses, and streamlining financial processes. Despite the challenges and limitations mentioned, the overall results have shown promise in enhancing financial decision-making and operational efficiency.

The success of this initiative was formally recognized in December 2024 when the project received the 2024 Controller General Innovation Award, recognizing its significant impact in financial management. Since then, the model has garnered attention across various government departments, prompting consultations to explore its broader application. The ongoing efforts to promote its adoption reflect a growing recognition of the potential for ML-driven solutions to improve financial forecasting and resource allocation across the public sector.

Additionally, the project was longlisted for the 2025-2026 edition of the Public Service Data Challenge. This recognition highlights the increasing interest and enthusiasm from multiple departments to adopt the ML-driven forecasting tool. Ongoing efforts to promote its adoption further underscore the growing recognition of the potential for machine learning solutions to enhance financial forecasting and optimize resource allocation across the public sector.

If you have any questions about my article or would like to discuss this further, I invite you to Meet the Data Scientist, an event where authors meet the readers, present their topic, and discuss their findings.

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The purpose of this survey is to collect information for producing national and provincial level estimates of potato production. These estimates will be used to assess the economic health of the industry. Agricultural producers and industry analysts will work with this information to make production and marketing decisions, and government analysts will use it to develop agricultural policies in Canada.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Your participation in this survey is required under the authority of the Statistics Act.

Other important information

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To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the reporting burden, Statistics Canada may combine the acquired data with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

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Business or organization and contact information

1. Verify or provide the business or organization's legal and operating name and correct where needed.

Note: Legal name modifications should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

Legal Name

The legal name is one recognized by law, thus it is the name liable for pursuit or for debts incurred by the business or organization. In the case of a corporation, it is the legal name as fixed by its charter or the statute by which the corporation was created.

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

To indicate a legal name of another legal entity you should instead indicate it in question 3 by selecting 'Not currently operational' and then choosing the applicable reason and providing the legal name of this other entity along with any other requested information.

Operating Name

The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

• Legal name:
• Operating name (if applicable):

2. Verify or provide the contact information of the designated business or organization contact person for this questionnaire and correct where needed.

Note: The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire.

• First name:
• Last name:
• Title:
• Preferred language of communication:
  • English
  • French 
• Mailing address (number and street):
• City:
• Province, territory or state:
• Postal code or ZIP code:
• Country:
  • Canada
  • United States
• Email address:
• Telephone number (including area code):
• Extension number (if applicable):
  The maximum number of characters is 10.
• Fax number (including area code):

3. Verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

• Operational
• Not currently operational
  Why is this business or organization not currently operational?
  • Seasonal operations
    • When did this business or organization close for the season?
      • Date
    • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
      • Date
  • Ceased operations
    • When did this business or organization cease operations?
      • Date
    • Why did this business or organization cease operations?
      • Bankruptcy
      • Liquidation
      • Dissolution
      • Other - Specify the other reasons for ceased operations
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    • When was this business or organization sold?
      • Date
    • What is the legal name of the buyer?
  • Amalgamated with other businesses or organizations
    • When did this business or organization amalgamate?
      • Date
    • What is the legal name of the resulting or continuing business or organization?
    • What are the legal names of the other amalgamated businesses or organizations?
  • Temporarily inactive but will re-open
    • When did this business or organization become temporarily inactive?
      • Date
    • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
      • Date
    • Why is this business or organization temporarily inactive?
  • No longer operating due to other reasons
    • When did this business or organization cease operations?
      • Date
    • Why did this business or organization cease operations?

4. Verify or provide the current main activity of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

Note: The described activity was assigned using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

This question verifies the business or organization's current main activity as classified by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. Created against the background of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is designed to provide common definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three economies. NAICS is based on supply-side or production-oriented principles, to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS, are suitable for the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.

The target entity for which NAICS is designed are businesses and other organizations engaged in the production of goods and services. They include farms, incorporated and unincorporated businesses and government business enterprises. They also include government institutions and agencies engaged in the production of marketed and non-marketed services, as well as organizations such as professional associations and unions and charitable or non-profit organizations and the employees of households.

The associated NAICS should reflect those activities conducted by the business or organizational units targeted by this questionnaire only, as identified in the 'Answering this questionnaire' section and which can be identified by the specified legal and operating name. The main activity is the activity which most defines the targeted business or organization's main purpose or reason for existence. For a business or organization that is for-profit, it is normally the activity that generates the majority of the revenue for the entity.

The NAICS classification contains a limited number of activity classifications; the associated classification might be applicable for this business or organization even if it is not exactly how you would describe this business or organization's main activity.

Please note that any modifications to the main activity through your response to this question might not necessarily be reflected prior to the transmitting of subsequent questionnaires and as a result they may not contain this updated information.

The following is the detailed description including any applicable examples or exclusions for the classification currently associated with this business or organization.

Description and examples

• This is the current main activity
• This is not the current main activity
  Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's main activity:
  • e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development

Main activity

5. You indicated that is not the current main activity.

Was this business or organization's main activity ever classified as: ?

• Yes
  When did the main activity change?
  Date:
• No

6. Search and select the industry classification code that best corresponds to this business or organization's main activity.

Select this business or organization's activity sector (optional)

• Farming or logging operation
• Construction company or general contractor
• Manufacturer
• Wholesaler
• Retailer
• Provider of passenger or freight transportation
• Provider of investment, savings or insurance products
• Real estate agency, real estate brokerage or leasing company
• Provider of professional, scientific or technical services
• Provider of health care or social services
• Restaurant, bar, hotel, motel or other lodging establishment
• Other sector

7. You have indicated that the current main activity of this business or organization is: Main activity. Are there any other activities that contribute significantly (at least 10%) to this business or organization's revenue?

• Yes, there are other activities
  Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's secondary activity:
  e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development
• No, that is the only significant activity

8. Approximately what percentage of this business or organization's revenue is generated by each of the following activities?

When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimates.

Approximately what percentage of this business or organization's revenue is generated by each of the following activities?

	Percentage of revenue
Main activity
Secondary activity
All other activities
Total percentage

Potatoes grown for sale this year

1. Are you growing any potatoes for sale this year?

Please report all planting intentions, if you have not completed your planting activities when completing this survey.

• Yes
• No

Area planted 

2. What is the total area of potatoes planted in this crop year?

Please report for the entire operation. Report the area of potatoes planted on land owned or rented by all partners in the operation.

Please report all planting intentions, if you have not completed your planting activities when completing this survey.

Total area:

Unit of measure:

• Acres
• Hectares

Agricultural production

3. Which of the following agricultural products are currently being produced on this operation?

Select all that apply.

• Field crops
• Hay
• Summerfallow
• Potatoes
• Fruit, berries and nuts
• Vegetables
• Sod
• Nursery products
• Greenhouse products
• Cattle and calves
  Include beef or dairy.
• Pigs
• Sheep and lambs
• Mink
• Fox
• Hens and chickens
• Turkeys
• Maple taps
• Honey bees
• Mushrooms
• Other
  Specify agricultural products:
• Not producing agricultural products

Area in crops

4. What area of this operation is used for the following crops?

Report the areas only once, even if used for more than one crop type.

Exclude land used by others.

What area of this operation is used for the following crops?

	Area	Unit of measure
Field crops
Hay
Summerfallow
Potatoes
Fruit, berries and nuts
Vegetables
Sod
Nursery products
List of unit measures Acres Hectares Arpents

Greenhouse area

5. What is the total area under glass, plastic or other protection used for growing plants?

Total area:

Unit of measure:

• square feet
• square metres

Livestock (excluding birds)

6. How many of the following animals are on this operation?

Report all animals on this operation, regardless of ownership, including those that are boarded, custom-fed or fed under contract.

Include all animals kept by this operation, regardless of ownership, that are pastured on a community pasture, grazing co-op or public land.

Exclude animals owned but kept on a farm, ranch or feedlot operated by someone else.

How many of the following animals are on this operation?

	Number
Cattle and calves
Pigs
Sheep and lambs
Mink
Fox

Birds

7. How many of the following birds are on this operation?

Report all poultry on this operation, regardless of ownership, including those grown under contract.

Include poultry for sale and poultry for personal use.

Exclude poultry owned but kept on an operation operated by someone else.

Report all poultry on this operation, regardless of ownership, including those grown under contract

	Number
Hens and chickens
Turkeys

Maple taps

8. What was the total number of taps made on maple trees last spring?

Total number of taps:

Honey bees

9. How many live colonies of honey bees (used for honey production or pollination) are owned by this operation?

Include bees owned, regardless of location.

Number of colonies:

Mushrooms

10. What is the total mushroom growing area (standing footage) on this operation?

Include mushrooms grown using beds, trays, tunnels or logs.

Total area:

Unit of measure:

• square feet
• square metres

Changes or events

1. Indicate any changes or events that affected the reported values for this business or organization, compared with the last reporting period.

Select all that apply.

• Strike or lock-out
• Exchange rate impact
• Price changes in goods or services sold
• Contracting out
• Organizational change
• Price changes in labour or raw materials
• Natural disaster
• Recession
• Change in product line
• Sold business or business units
• Expansion
• New or lost contract
• Plant closures
• Acquisition of business or business units
• Other
  Specify the other changes or events:
• No changes or events

Contact person

1. Statistics Canada may need to contact the person who completed this questionnaire for further information. Is [Provided Given Names], [Provided Family Name] the best person to contact?

• Yes
• No

Who is the best person to contact about this questionnaire?

• First name:
• Last name:
• Title:
• Email address:
• Telephone number (including area code):
• Extension number (if applicable):
  The maximum number of characters is 5.
• Fax number (including area code):

Feedback

1. How long did it take to complete this questionnaire?

Include the time spent gathering the necessary information.

• Hours:
• Minutes:

2. Do you have any comments about this questionnaire?

Integrated Business Statistics Program (IBSP)

This guide is designed to assist you as you complete the 2025 Biannual Livestock Survey. If you need more information, please call the Statistics Canada Help Line at the number below.

Your answers are confidential.

Statistics Canada is prohibited by law from releasing any information it collects which could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent or as permitted by the Statistics Act.

Statistics Canada will use information from this survey for statistical purposes.

Help Line: 1-800-565-1685

Table of contents

Skip to text

Reporting instructions
Definitions
Livestock: inclusions and exclusions
Cattle and calves
Pigs
Pigs - Farrowings
Sheep and lambs

Text begins

Reporting instructions

When answering the questions, please include as of the reference day:

• All livestock (cattle or calves, pigs, and/or sheep or lambs) on your operation regardless of ownership, including livestock custom fed, fed under contract for others, and livestock pastured.
• All livestock owned by the operator and held on Crown land, community pastures, and grazing projects.
• Please do not report livestock (cattle or calves, pigs, and/or sheep or lambs) which are owned by you but kept on a farm, ranch or feedlot operated by someone else.

Definitions

Legal Name
The legal name is one recognized by law, thus it is the name liable for pursuit or for debts incurred by the business or organization. In the case of a corporation, it is the legal name as fixed by its charter or the statute by which the corporation was created.

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

To indicate a legal name of another legal entity you should instead indicate it in question 3 by selecting 'Not currently operational' and then choosing the applicable reason and providing the legal name of this other entity along with any other requested information.

Operating Name
The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

Current main activity of the business or organization
The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. Created against the background of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is designed to provide common definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three economies. NAICS is based on supply-side or production-oriented principles, to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS, are suitable for the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.

The target entity for which NAICS is designed are businesses and other organizations engaged in the production of goods and services. They include farms, incorporated and unincorporated businesses and government business enterprises. They also include government institutions and agencies engaged in the production of marketed and non-marketed services, as well as organizations such as professional associations and unions and charitable or non-profit organizations and the employees of households.

The associated NAICS should reflect those activities conducted by the business or organizational unit(s) targeted by this questionnaire only, and which can be identified by the specified legal and operating name. The main activity is the activity which most defines the targeted business or organization's main purpose or reason for existence. For a business or organization that is for-profit, it is normally the activity that generates the majority of the revenue for the entity.

The NAICS classification contains a limited number of activity classifications; the associated classification might be applicable for this business or organization even if it is not exactly how you would describe this business or organization's main activity.

Please note that any modifications to the main activity through your response to this question might not necessarily be reflected prior to the transmitting of subsequent questionnaires and as a result they may not contain this updated information.

Livestock: inclusions and exclusions

Include all livestock on your operation as of the reference day, regardless of ownership, including livestock pastured, custom fed or fed under contract for others.

Include all livestock owned by the operator and held on Crown land, community pastures and grazing projects.

Exclude livestock which are owned by you but kept on a farm, ranch, or feedlot operated by someone else.

Community pastures, grazing associations, Crown land: a community pasture or grazing reserve can be a federal, provincial or municipal land operated by a manager and rented to livestock producers for pasturing animals at a fixed fee per head. A co-operative grazing association is a group of people who usually incorporate and rent or lease land for a common grazing area.

Note: forest reserves fall under the category of grazing reserve. Crown land is land owned by the government (municipal, provincial or federal) and generally managed by the government. Crown land does not necessarily have to be used for the purpose of grazing livestock, although grazing does take place on Crown land, particularly in British Columbia.

Fed under contract / custom feeding: livestock are fed under a pre-arranged agreement with a company (for example, feed mill) or another producer to feed the cattle or hogs to market weight. Usually the "feed" operator owns the buildings and supplies the labour but does not own the livestock.

Feedlot (cattle): feedlots are operations where livestock are fattened for market. A feedlot operation may own the animals, or may feed them for other operators for a fee, or both.
Note: feedlots are more applicable to cattle.

Feeding and finishing operations (pigs): feeding and finishing operations are applicable to pigs. Hog feeding and finishing operations are operations in which hogs are fed to market weight. Usually there are no breeding sows or boars in these operations other than those culled from a breeding herd, being fattened for slaughter.

Slaughtered for own consumption: if there are any livestock (cattle, hogs, or sheep) which will be slaughtered for personal consumption, include that livestock in inventory counts. For example, if a dairy operator has one pig which will be slaughtered for personal consumption, include this pig in inventory counts.

Cattle and calves

Bulls: male cattle which have not been castrated, 1 year and over, which are or will be kept for breeding purposes or for slaughter.

Steers: castrated male cattle, 1 year and over, being fed for slaughter.

Heifers: female cattle over 1 year old which have never calved, used (or to be used) for breeding or fed for slaughter.

Cow: female cattle which have calved at least once, being used for the production of dairy or for the reproduction of beef calves. Include "first calf heifers".

Calves: cattle of either sex, under 1 year old.

Calving: a term used when referring to cattle, meaning to give birth.

Pigs

Boars: non-castrated male pigs, 6 months and older, used or to be used (or sold) for breeding purposes.

Bred gilts: female pigs which have never farrowed but which have been bred; they are intended for breeding purposes.

Farrowing: term used when referring to pigs, meaning "to give birth".

Feeders: market pigs that are 50 to 119 lb (23 to 53 kg) or 120 to 179 lb (54 to 81 kg).
Note: sometimes referred to as grower pigs.

Finishers: market pigs over 179 lb (81 kg) which are being fed for slaughter.

Gilts: female pigs which have never farrowed and are intended for breeding. Gilts intended for breeding may or may not be bred.
Note: gilts are younger than bred gilts.

Hog: a general term used to describe any type of pig.

Market pigs: consists of 'feeders (growers)' and 'finishers' which are over 50 lb (23 kg). The general term 'market pigs' is to differentiate from pigs for breeding.

Piglet: a general term used to describe a new born pig.

Slaughter hogs: pigs which are approximately 220 to 240 lb (100 to 110 kg) and are ready to be sold or slaughtered.

Sows: female pigs which have farrowed at least once.

Stillborn: born dead.

Suckling pigs: young pigs under 15 lb (7 kg), which have not been weaned.

Weaners, Weanling, Nursery or Starter: pigs of either sex, 15 to 49 lb (7 to 22 kg), which have recently been weaned.

Weaning: switching a young animal from mother's milk to another source of food.

Pigs - Farrowings

Total number of farrowings: this question is asking to report the total number of farrowings in the last 6 months. If a sow farrowed two times in the last 6 months this would be reported as two farrowings.

Average number of piglets born per litter: this question is asking to report the average number of piglets born per litter during the last 6 months. Some respondents interpret this to mean how many total piglets were born during the last six months. The data we are looking for is the average number of piglets born per sow. For example: If a respondent has 100 sows and each sow has 10 piglets born per litter. The correct response would be on average 10 piglets born per litter. Include piglets born alive and stillborn.

Total piglets born: this question is asking to report the total number of piglets born in the last 6 months. Total number of farrowings in the last 6 months multiplied by average number of piglets born per litter equals the total piglets born in the last 6 months. If the respondent is not able to report the total number of farrowings or average number of piglets born, the respondent should report the total number of piglets born in the last 6 months. Include piglets born alive and stillborn.

Sheep and lambs

Rams: non-castrated male sheep kept for breeding.

Ewes: female sheep kept for breeding.

Replacement lambs: replacement lambs are lambs that are being kept for breeding purposes. Include lambs born on the operation and lambs purchased from other sources. Also include lambs born and still located on the operation that will eventually be sold to other farms for breeding purposes.

Market lambs: market lambs are male or female lambs that are raised with the intent for slaughter.

Thank you for your participation.

Why are we conducting this survey?

This survey collects information on scientific activities of Canadian private non-profit organizations. The research and development expenditures and personnel information is used by federal, provincial and territorial governments and agencies, academics and international organizations for statistical analyses and policy purposes. These data also contribute to national totals of research and development activities. The payments and receipts information is used by these agencies to monitor knowledge flows across international borders and between Canadian organizations.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Your participation in this survey is required under the authority of the Statistics Act.

Other important information

Authorization to collect this information

Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

Confidentiality

By law, Statistics Canada is prohibited from releasing any information it collects that could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent, or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes only.

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the reporting burden, Statistics Canada may combine the acquired data with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Data-sharing agreements

To reduce respondent burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data-sharing agreements with provincial and territorial statistical agencies and other government organizations, which have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes. Statistics Canada will only share data from this survey with those organizations that have demonstrated a requirement to use the data.

Section 11 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with provincial and territorial statistical agencies that meet certain conditions. These agencies must have the legislative authority to collect the same information, on a mandatory basis, and the legislation must provide substantially the same provisions for confidentiality and penalties for disclosure of confidential information as the Statistics Act. Because these agencies have the legal authority to compel businesses to provide the same information, consent is not requested and businesses may not object to the sharing of the data.

For this survey, there are Section 11 agreements with the provincial and territorial statistical agencies of Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia and the Yukon. The shared data will be limited to information on in-house research and development expenditures (Question 18) and in-house research and development personnel (Question 26) pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Section 12 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with federal, provincial or territorial government organizations.

Under Section 12, you may refuse to share your information with any of these organizations by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician, specifying the organizations with which you do not want Statistics Canada to share your data and mailing it to the following address:

Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of Director, Enterprise Statistics Division
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0T6

You may also contact us by email at statcan.esd-helpdesk-dse-bureaudedepannage.statcan@statcan.gc.ca or by fax at 613-951-6583.

For this survey, there are Section 12 agreements with the statistical agencies of Prince Edward Island, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut. The shared data will be limited to information on in-house research and development expenditures (Question 18) and in-house research and development personnel (Question 26) pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Business or organization and contact information

1. Verify or provide the business or organization's legal and operating name and correct if needed.

Note: Legal name modifications should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

Legal Name

The legal name is one recognized by law, thus it is the name liable for pursuit or for debts incurred by the business or organization. In the case of a corporation, it is the legal name as fixed by its charter or the statute by which the corporation was created.

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

To indicate a legal name of another legal entity you should instead indicate it in question 3 by selecting 'Not currently operational' and then choosing the applicable reason and providing the legal name of this other entity along with any other requested information.

Operating Name

The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

• The operating name, which is different from the legal name, is a name the business or organization is commonly known as for day-to-day activities, and which is used to advertise and promote itself. The operating name is synonymous with trade name. Legal name:
• Operating name (if applicable):

2. Verify or provide the contact information of the designated business or organization contact person for this questionnaire and correct if needed.

Note: The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire.

• First name:
• Last name:
• Title:
• Preferred language of communication:
  • English
  • French
• Mailing address (number and street):
• City:
• Province, territory or state:
• Postal code or ZIP code:
• Country:
  • Canada
  • United States
• Email address:
• Telephone number (including area code):
• Extension number (if applicable):
• The maximum number of characters is 10.
• Fax number (including area code):

3. Verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

• Operational
• Not currently operational
  • Why is this business or organization not currently operational?
    • Seasonal operations
      • When did this business or organization close for the season? Date
      • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations? Date
    • Ceased operations
      • When did this business or organization cease operations? Date
      • Why did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Bankruptcy
        • Liquidation
        • Dissolution
        • Other
      • Specify the other reasons for ceased operations
    • Sold operations
      • When was this business or organization sold? Date
      • What is the legal name of the buyer?
    • Amalgamated with other businesses or organizations
      • When did this business or organization amalgamate? Date
      • What is the legal name of the resulting or continuing business or organization?
      • What are the legal names of the other amalgamated businesses or organizations?
    • Temporarily inactive but will re-open
      • When did this business or organization become temporarily inactive? Date
      • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations? Date
      • Why is this business or organization temporarily inactive?
    • No longer operating due to other reasons
      • When did this business or organization cease operations? Date
      • Why did this business or organization cease operations?

4. Verify or provide the current main activity of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

Note: The described activity was assigned using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

This question verifies the business or organization's current main activity as classified by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. Created against the background of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is designed to provide common definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three economies. NAICS is based on supply-side or production-oriented principles, to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS, are suitable for the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.

The target entity for which NAICS is designed are businesses and other organizations engaged in the production of goods and services. They include farms, incorporated and unincorporated businesses and government business enterprises. They also include government institutions and agencies engaged in the production of marketed and non-marketed services, as well as organizations such as professional associations and unions and charitable or non-profit organizations and the employees of households.

The associated NAICS should reflect those activities conducted by the business or organizational units targeted by this questionnaire only, as identified in the 'Answering this questionnaire' section and which can be identified by the specified legal and operating name. The main activity is the activity which most defines the targeted business or organization's main purpose or reason for existence. For a business or organization that is for-profit, it is normally the activity that generates the majority of the revenue for the entity.

The NAICS classification contains a limited number of activity classifications; the associated classification might be applicable for this business or organization even if it is not exactly how you would describe this business or organization's main activity.

Please note that any modifications to the main activity through your response to this question might not necessarily be reflected prior to the transmitting of subsequent questionnaires and as a result they may not contain this updated information.

The following is the detailed description including any applicable examples or exclusions for the classification currently associated with this business or organization.

Description and examples

• This is the current main activity
• This is not the current main activity
• Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's main activity:
  • e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development

Main activity

5. You indicated that is not the current main activity.

Was this business or organization's main activity ever classified as: ?

• Yes
• When did the main activity change?
  • Date:
• No

6. Search and select the industry classification code that best corresponds to this business or organization's main activity.

Select this business or organization's activity sector (optional)

• Farming or logging operation
• Construction company or general contractor
• Manufacturer
• Wholesaler
• Retailer
• Provider of passenger or freight transportation
• Provider of investment, savings or insurance products
• Real estate agency, real estate brokerage or leasing company
• Provider of professional, scientific or technical services
• Provider of health care or social services
• Restaurant, bar, hotel, motel or other lodging establishment
• Other sector

Reporting period

1. What is the end date of this organization's fiscal year?

Note: For this survey, this organization's fiscal year end date should fall on or before March 31, 2025.

Here are some examples of fiscal periods that fall within the targeted dates:

• May 1, 2023 to April 30, 2024
• July 1, 2023 to June 30, 2024
• October 1, 2023 to September 30, 2024
• January 1, 2024 to December 31, 2024
• February 1, 2024 to January 31, 2025
• April 1, 2024 to March 31, 2025

This fiscal year will be referred to as 2024 throughout the questionnaire.

Fiscal Year-End date:

Organization status

2. What is this organization's business number (e.g., GST number or charitable registration number)?

Business number (9-digit number):

3. Is this organization affiliated with a hospital, a university or a government agency or department?

• Yes
• No

4. In 2024, what were this organization's total expenditures within Canada?

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

If precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimate.

Total expenditures represent the total budget for all operations of this organization in the fiscal period. If 'total expenditures' cannot be calculated, total funds (from members, government programs and all other sources of funds) or total revenues can be provided.

CAN$ '000:

5. In 2024, what were this organization's total wages and salaries within Canada?

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

If precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimate.

CAN$ '000:

6. In 2024, what was the average number of employees in full-time equivalents (FTE) within Canada for this organization?

If precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimate in full-time equivalents (FTE).

Number of employees

The organization's personnel is composed of full-time and part-time employees.

Full-time equivalent (FTE) = Number of persons who work full-time for the organization + part-time workers.

Example calculation: If out of four employees, one works full-time for the organization and the remaining three devote only one quarter of their working time to the organization, then: FTE = 1 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 = 1.75 employees.

In-house research and development ( R&D ) expenditures

Before you begin

For this survey

"In-house R&D" refers to:

Expenditures within Canada for R&D performed within this organization by:

• employees (permanent, temporary or casual)
• self-employed individuals or contractors who are working on-site on this organization's R&D projects.

"Payments for R&D performed by other organizations" refers to:

Payments made within or outside Canada to other organizations, individuals or companies to fund R&D performance:

• grants
• fellowships
• contracts.

In-house research and development ( R&D ) expenditures

7. In 2024, did this organization have expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada?

Exclude payments for R&D performed by others (e.g., funding, grants or contracted out R&D expenditures), which should be reported in question 13.

In-house refers to R&D which is performed on-site or within the organization's establishment. Exclude R&D expenses performed by other companies or organizations. A later question will collect these data.

Research and experimental development ( R&D ) comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge - including knowledge of humankind, culture and society - and to devise new applications of available knowledge.

R&D is performed in the natural sciences, engineering, social sciences and humanities. There are three types of R&D activities: basic research, applied research and experimental development.

Research work in the social sciences

Include if projects are employing new or significantly different modelling techniques or developing new formulae, analyzing data not previously available or applying new research techniques, development of community strategies for disease prevention or health education.

Exclude:

• routine analytical projects using standard techniques and existing data
• routine market research
• routine statistical analysis intended for on-going monitoring of an activity.

• Yes
• No

8. In 2024, what were this organization's expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada?

Exclude payments for R&D performed by others (e.g., funding, grants or contracted out R&D expenditures), which should be reported in question 13.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

In-house R&D expenditures are composed of current in-house R&D expenditures and capital in-house R&D expenditures.

Current in-house R&D expenditures

Include:

• wages, salaries, benefits and fringe benefits, materials and supplies
• services to support R&D, including on-site R&D consultants and contractors
• necessary background literature
• minor scientific equipment
• associated administrative overhead costs.

a. Wages, salaries of permanent, temporary and casual R&D employees

Include benefits and fringe benefits of employees engaged in R&D activities. Benefits and fringe benefits include bonus payments, holiday or vacation pay, pension fund contributions, other social security payments, payroll taxes, etc.

b. Services to support R&D

Include:

• payments to on-site R&D consultants and contractors working under the direct control of your organization
• other services including indirect services purchased to support in-house R&D such as security, storage, repair, maintenance and use of buildings and equipment
• computer services, software licensing fees and dissemination of R&D findings.

c. R&D materials

Include:

• water, fuel, gas and electricity
• materials for creation of prototypes
• reference materials (books, journals, etc.)
• subscriptions to libraries and data bases, memberships to scientific societies, etc.
• cost of outsourced (contracted out or granted) small R&D prototypes or R&D models
• materials for laboratories (chemicals, animal, etc.)
• all other R&D-related materials.

d. All other current R&D costs including overhead

Include administrative and overhead costs (e.g., office, post and telecommunications, internet, insurance), prorated if necessary to allow for non- R&D activities within the business.

Exclude:

• interest charges
• value-added taxes (goods and services tax (GST) or harmonized sales tax (HST)).

Capital in-house expenditures are the annual gross amount paid for the acquisition of fixed assets that are used repeatedly, or continuously in the performance of R&D for more than one year. Report capital in-house expenditures in full for the period when they occurred.

Include costs for software, land, buildings and structures, equipment, machinery and other capital costs.

Exclude capital depreciation.

e. Software

Include applications and systems software (original, customized and off-the-shelf software), supporting documentation and other software-related acquisitions.

f. Land acquired for R&D including testing grounds, sites for laboratories and pilot plants.

g. Buildings and structures that are constructed or purchased for R&D activities or that have undergone major improvements, modifications, renovations and repairs for R&D activities.

h. Equipment, machinery and all other capital

Include major equipment, machinery and instruments, including embedded software, acquired for R&D activities.

In 2024, what were this organization's expenditures for R&D performed in-house
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
2024 - Current in-house R&D expenditures within Canada
a. Wages, salaries of permanent, temporary and casual R&D employees Include fringe benefits.
b. Services to support R&D Include services of self-employed individuals or contractors who are working on-site on this business's R&D projects. Exclude contracted out or granted expenditures to other organizations to perform R&D (report in question 9).
c. R&D materials
d. All other current R&D costs Include overhead costs.
2024 - Total current in-house R&D expenditures within Canada
2024 - Capital in-house R&D expenditures within Canada
e. Software Exclude capital depreciation.
f. Land Exclude capital depreciation.
g. Buildings and structures Exclude capital depreciation.
h. Equipment, machinery and all other capital Exclude capital depreciation.
2024 - Total capital in-house R&D expenditures within Canada
2024 - Total in-house R&D expenditures within Canada

9. In 2025 and 2026, does this organization plan to make expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada?

Exclude payments for R&D performed by others (e.g., funding, grants or contracted out R&D expenditures), which should be reported in question 15.

Select all that apply.

Help text:

In-house R&D expenditures are composed of current in-house R&D expenditures and capital in-house R&D expenditures.

Research and experimental development (R&D) comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge - including knowledge of humankind, culture and society - and to devise new applications of available knowledge.

Inclusions

Prototypes

Include design, construction and operation of prototypes, provided that the primary objective is to make further improvements or to undertake technical testing.

Exclude if the prototype is for commercial purposes.

Pilot plants

Include construction and operation of pilot plants, provided that the primary objective is to make further improvements or to undertake technical testing.

Exclude if the pilot plant is intended to be operated for commercial purposes.

New computer software or significant improvements/modifications to existing computer software

Includes technological or scientific advances in theoretical computer sciences; operating systems e.g., improvement in interface management, developing new operating system of converting an existing operating system to a significantly different hardware environment; programming languages; and applications if a significant technological change occurs.

Contracts

Include all contracts which require R&D. For contracts which include other work, report only the R&D costs.

Research work in the social sciences

Include if projects are employing new or significantly different modelling techniques or developing new formulae, analyzing data not previously available or applying new research techniques.

Exclusions

Routine analysis in the social sciences including policy-related studies, management studies and efficiency studies

Exclude analytical projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies, principles and models of the related social sciences to bear on a particular problem (e.g., commentary on the probable economic effects of a change in the tax structure, using existing economic data; use of standard techniques in applied psychology to select and classify industrial and military personnel, students, etc., and to test children with reading or other disabilities).

Consumer surveys, advertising, market research

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for commercialization of the results of R&D.

Routine quality control and testing

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies not intended to create new knowledge, even if carried out by personnel normally engaged in R&D.

Pre-production activities such as demonstration of commercial viability, tooling up, trial production, trouble shooting

Although R&D may be required as a result of these steps, these activities are excluded.

Prospecting, exploratory drilling, development of mines, oil or gas wells

Include only if for R&D projects concerned with new equipment or techniques in these activities, such as in-situ and tertiary recovery research.

Engineering

Exclude engineering unless it is in direct support of R&D.

Design and drawing

Exclude design and drawing unless it is in direct support of R&D.

Patent and licence work

Exclude all administrative and legal work connected with patents and licences.

Cosmetic modifications or style changes to existing products

Exclude if no significant technical improvement or modification to the existing products has occurred.

General purpose or routine data collection

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for on-going monitoring of an activity.

Routine computer programming, systems maintenance or software application

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended to support on-going operations.

Routine mathematical or statistical analysis or operations analysis

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for on-going monitoring of an activity.

Activities associated with standards compliance

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended to support standards compliance.

Specialized routine medical care such as routine pathology services

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for on-going monitoring of an activity.

Response text:

• In 2025
• In 2026
• No planned in-house R&D expenditures

10. In 2025, what are this organization's planned expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada?

Exclude payments for R&D performed by others (e.g., funding, grants or contracted out R&D expenditures), which should be reported in question 15.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

If precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimate.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

In 2025, what are this organization's planned expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.>

	CAN$ '000
a. 2025 - Total current in-house R&D expenditures within Canada
b. 2025 - Total capital in-house R&D expenditures within Canada

11. In 2026, what are this organization's planned expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada?

Exclude payments for R&D performed by others (e.g., funding, grants or contracted out R&D expenditures), which should be reported in question 15.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

If precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimate.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

In 2026, what are this organization's planned expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
a. 2026 - Total current in-house R&D expenditures within Canada
b. 2026 - Total capital in-house R&D expenditures within Canada

Payments for R&D performed by other organizations

12. In 2024, did this organization make payments to other organizations to perform R&D within Canada or outside Canada?

Include:

• funding or grants provided to other organizations to perform R&D
• contracted out expenditures for R&D.

Exclude services of self-employed individuals or contractors who are working on-site on this organization's R&D projects, which should be reported in question 8.

Select all that apply.

• Within Canada
• Outside Canada
• No payment made to others to perform R&D

13. In 2024, what were this organization's R&D payments to other organizations within Canada or outside Canada?

Include:

• funding or grants provided to other organizations to perform R&D
• contracted out expenditures for R&D.

Exclude services of self-employed individuals or contractors who are working on-site on this organization's R&D projects, which should be reported in question 8.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Include payments made through contracts, grants, donations and fellowships to another company, organization or individual to purchase or fund R&D activities.

Exclude expenditures for on-site R&D contractors.

Companies include all incorporated for-profit businesses and government business enterprises providing products in the market at market rates.

Private non-profit organizations include voluntary health organizations, private philanthropic foundations, associations and societies and research institutes. They are not-for-profit organizations that serve the public interest by supporting activities related to public welfare (such as health, education, the environment).

Industrial research institutes or associations include all non-profit organizations that serve the business sector, with industrial associations frequently consisting of their membership.

Federal government includes all federal government departments and agencies. It excludes federal government business enterprises providing products in the market.

Provincial or territorial governments include all provincial or territorial government ministries, departments and agencies. It excludes provincial or territorial government business enterprises providing products in the market.

Provincial or territorial research organizations are organizations created under provincial or territorial law which conduct or facilitate research on behalf of the province or territory.

Other organizations - individuals, non-university educational institutions, foreign governments including ministries, departments and agencies of foreign governments.

In 2024, what were this organization's outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures within Canada or outside Canada?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	Within Canada CAN$ '000	Outside Canada CAN$ '000
a. Companies
b. Private non-profit organizations
c. Industrial research institutes or associations
d. Hospitals
e. Universities
f. Federal government departments and agencies
g. Provincial or territorial government departments, ministries and agencies
h. Provincial or territorial research organizations
i. Other organizations e.g., individuals, non-university educational institutions, foreign governments
2024 - Total outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures

14. In 2025 and 2026, does this organization plan to make payments to other organizations to perform R&D?

Include:

• funding or grants provided to other organizations to perform R&D
• contracted out expenditures for R&D.

Exclude services of self-employed individuals or contractors who are working on-site on this organization's R&D projects, which should be reported in questions 10 and 11.

Select all that apply.

• In 2025
• In 2026
• No planned payments to others to perform R&D

15. In 2025 and 2026, what are this organization's planned payments to other organizations to perform R&D within Canada or outside Canada?

Include:

• funding or grants provided to other organizations to perform R&D
• contracted out expenditures for R&D.

Exclude services of self-employed individuals or contractors who are working on-site on this organization's R&D projects, which should be reported in questions 10 and 11.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Include payments made through contracts, grants, donations and fellowships to another company, organization or individual to purchase or fund R&D activities.

Exclude services of self-employed individuals or contractors who are working on-site on this organisation's R&D projects, which should have been reported earlier in the section "In-house research and development (R&D) expenditures".

In 2025 and 2026, what are this organization's planned outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures within Canada or outside Canada?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	Within Canada CAN$ '000	Outside Canada CAN$ '000
a. 2025
b. 2026

Summary of R&D expenditures from 2024 to 2026

16. In-house and Outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures from 2024 to 2026

16. Summary of total R&D expenditures from 2024 to 2025
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	2024 CAN$ '000	2025 CAN$ '000	2026 CAN$ '000
Total current in-house R&D expenditures within Canada
Total capital in-house R&D expenditures within Canada
Total in-house R&D expenditures within Canada
Total outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures
Total R&D expenditures

Geographic distribution of in-house R&D expenditures within Canada in 2024

17. In 2024, in which provinces or territories did this organization have expenditures for R&D performed in-house?

Exclude:

• payments for R&D performed by others (e.g., funding, grants or contracted out R&D expenditures), which should be reported in question 13
• capital depreciation.

Select all that apply.

• Newfoundland and Labrador
• Prince Edward Island
• Nova Scotia
• New Brunswick
• Quebec
• Ontario
• Manitoba
• Saskatchewan
• Alberta
• British Columbia
• Yukon
• Northwest Territories
• Nunavut

18. In 2024, how were this organization's total expenditures for R&D performed in-house distributed by province or territory?

Exclude:

• payments for R&D performed by others (e.g., funding, grants or contracted out R&D expenditures), which should be reported in question 13
• capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

For in-house R&D activities on federal lands, please include in the closest province or territory.

In 2024, how were this organization's total expenditures for R&D performed in-house distributed by province or territory?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	Current in-house R&D expenditures CAN$ '000	Capital in-house R&D expenditures CAN$ '000
a. Newfoundland and Labrador
b. Prince Edward Island
c. Nova Scotia
d. New Brunswick
e. Quebec
f. Ontario
g. Manitoba
h. Saskatchewan
i. Alberta
j. British Columbia
k. Yukon
l. Northwest Territories
m. Nunavut
2024 - Total current and capital in-house R&D expenditures
2024 - Total current and capital in-house R&D expenditures previously reported from question 4

Sources of funds for in-house R&D expenditures in 2024

19. In 2024, what were the sources of funds for this organization's total expenditures for R&D performed in-house?

Include Canadian and foreign sources.

Exclude:

• payments for R&D performed by others (e.g., funding, grants or contracted out R&D expenditures), which should be reported in question 13
• capital depreciation.

Select all that apply.

Help text:

Funds from this organization

Amount contributed by this organization to R&D performed within Canada (include interest payments and other income).

Federal government grants or funding

Funds from the federal government in support of R&D activities not connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

Federal government contracts

Funds from the federal government in support of R&D activities connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

Provincial or territorial government grants or funding

Funds from the provincial or territorial government in support of R&D activities not connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

Provincial or territorial government contracts

Funds from the provincial or territorial government in support of R&D activities connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

R&D contract work for private non-profit organizations

Funds received from non-profit organizations to perform R&D on their behalf.

Other sources

Funds received from all other sources not previously classified.

Response text:

Funds from this organization

Include interest payments, fundraising and other income.

Companies

Federal government grants or funding

Include R&D grants or funding or R&D portion only of other grants or funding.

Federal government contracts

Include R&D contracts or R&D portion only of other contracts.

Provincial or territorial government grants or funding

From which province or territory did this organization receive provincial or territorial government R&D grants or funding?

Select all that apply.

• Newfoundland and Labrador
• Prince Edward Island
• Nova Scotia
• New Brunswick
• Quebec
• Ontario
• Manitoba
• Saskatchewan
• Alberta
• British Columbia
• Yukon
• Northwest Territories
• Nunavut

Provincial or territorial government contracts

From which province or territory did this organization receive provincial or territorial government R&D contracts?

Select all that apply.

• Newfoundland and Labrador
• Prince Edward Island
• Nova Scotia
• New Brunswick
• Quebec
• Ontario
• Manitoba
• Saskatchewan
• Alberta
• British Columbia
• Yukon
• Northwest Territories
• Nunavut

Private non-profit organizations

Other sources

e.g., universities, foreign governments, individuals

20. In 2024, what were the sources of funds for this organization's total expenditures of [amount] for R&D performed in-house?

Exclude:

• payments for R&D performed by others (e.g., funding grants or contracted out R&D expenditures), which should be reported in question 13
• capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Funds from this organization

Amount contributed by this unit to R&D performed within Canada (include interest payments and other income).

Federal government grants or funding

Funds from the federal government in support of R&D activities not connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

Federal government contracts

Funds from the federal government in support of R&D activities connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

Provincial or territorial government grants or funding

Funds from the provincial or territorial government in support of R&D activities not connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

Provincial or territorial government contracts

Funds from the provincial or territorial government in support of R&D activities connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

R&D contract work for private non-profit organizations

Funds received from non-profit organizations to perform R&D on their behalf.

Other sources

Funds received from all other sources not previously classified.

In 2024, what were the sources of funds for this organization's total expenditures of [amount] for R&D performed in-house?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	From within Canada CAN$ '000	From outside Canada CAN$ '000
a. Funds from this organization Include interest payments, fundraising and other income.
b. Companies
c. Federal government grants or funding Include R&D grants or funding or R&D portion only of other grants or funding.
d. Federal government contracts Include R&D contracts or R&D portion only of other contracts.
Provincial or territorial government grants or funding
e. Newfoundland and Labrador
f. Prince Edward Island
g. Nova Scotia
h. New Brunswick
i. Quebec
j. Ontario
k. Manitoba
l. Saskatchewan
m. Alberta
n. British Columbia
o. Yukon
p. Northwest Territories
q. Nunavut
Provincial or territorial government contracts
r. Newfoundland and Labrador
s. Prince Edward Island
t. Nova Scotia
u. New Brunswick
v. Quebec
w. Ontario
x. Manitoba
y. Saskatchewan
z. Alberta
aa. British Columbia
ab. Yukon
ac. Northwest Territories
ad. Nunavut
Private non-profit organizations
ae. Organization 1 GST number (9-digit business number (BN) or charitable registration number): Organization name:
af. Organization 2 GST number (9-digit business number (BN) or charitable registration number): Organization name:
ag. Organization 3 GST number (9-digit business number (BN) or charitable registration number): Organization name:
ah. Other sources e.g., universities, foreign governments, individuals
2024 - Total in-house R&D expenditures by sources of funds by origin
2024 - Total in-house R&D expenditures (Canadian and foreign sources)
Total in-house R&D expenditures previously reported from question 8

Fields of research and development for in-house R&D expenditures within Canada in 2024

21. In 2024, how were this organization's total expenditures of [amount] for R&D performed in-house within Canada distributed by fields of research and development?

Exclude:

• payments for R&D performed by others (e.g., funding, grants or contracted out R&D expenditures), which should be reported in question 13
• capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Fields of research and development

Medical and health sciences

Basic medicine

Anatomy and morphology (plant science under Biological science), human genetics, immunology, neurosciences, pharmacology and pharmacy and medicinal chemistry, toxicology, physiology and cytology, pathology.

Clinical medicine

Andrology, obstetrics and gynaecology, paediatrics, cardiac and cardiovascular systems, haematology, anaesthesiology, orthopaedics, radiology and nuclear medicine, dentistry, oral surgery and medicine, dermatology, venereal diseases and allergy, rheumatology, endocrinology and metabolism and gastroenterology, urology and nephrology and oncology.

Health sciences

Health care sciences and nursing, nutrition and dietetics, infectious diseases and epidemiology, parasitology and occupational health.

Medical biotechnology

Health-related biotechnology, technologies involving the manipulation of cells, tissues, organs or the whole organism, technologies involving identifying the functioning of DNA, proteins and enzymes, pharmacogenomics, gene-based therapeutics, biomaterials (related to medical implants, devices, sensors).

Other medical sciences

Forensic science and other medical sciences.

Natural and formal sciences

mathematics

• physical sciences
• chemical sciences
• earth and related environmental sciences
• biological sciences
• other natural sciences.

Engineering and technology

• civil engineering
• electrical engineering, electronic engineering and communications technology
• mechanical engineering
• chemical engineering
• materials engineering
• medical engineering
• environmental engineering
• environmental biotechnology
• industrial biotechnology
• nanotechnology
• other engineering and technologies.

Software-related sciences and technologies

• software engineering and technology
• computer sciences
• information technology and bioinformatics.

Agricultural sciences

• agriculture, forestry and fisheries sciences
• animal and dairy sciences
• veterinary sciences
• agricultural biotechnology
• other agricultural sciences.

Social sciences and humanities

• psychology
• educational sciences
• economics and business
• other social sciences
• humanities.

In 2024, how were this organization's total expenditures of [amount] for R&D performed in-house within Canada distributed by fields of research and development?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Medical and health sciences
a. Basic medicine
b. Clinical medicine
c. Health sciences
d. Medical biotechnology
e. Other medical sciences
Total medical and health sciences
Other fields of research and development
f. Natural and formal sciences
g. Engineering and technology
h. Software-related sciences and technologies
i. Agricultural sciences
j. Social sciences and humanities
2024 - Total in-house R&D expenditures within Canada by field of research and development
Total in-house R&D expenditures previously reported from question 8

Nature of R&D for in-house R&D expenditures within Canada in 2024

22. In 2024, how were this organization's total expenditures of [amount] for R&D performed in-house within Canada distributed by nature of R&D?

Basic research is experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundation of phenomena and observable facts, without any particular application or use in view.

Applied research is original investigation undertaken in order to acquire new knowledge. It is, however, directed primarily towards a specific, practical aim or objective.

Experimental development is systematic work, drawing on existing knowledge gained from research and practical experience and producing additional knowledge, which is directed to producing new products or processes or to improving existing products or processes.

(OECD. Frascati Manual: Proposed Standard for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development, 2015)

In 2024, how were this organization's total expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada of $ [Amount] distributed by nature of R&D?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	Percentage of total in-house R&D expenditures
a. Basic research
b. Applied research
c. Experimental development
Total percentage Total should equal 100%

Results of R&D expenditures from 2022 to 2024

23. During the three (3) years 2022, 2023 and 2024, did this organization's total expenditures for R&D performed in-house and payments for R&D made within Canada or outside Canada lead to new or significant improvements to the following?

Goods

Goods developed through new knowledge from research discoveries include determination of effectiveness of existing treatment protocols, establishment of new treatment protocols (including diagnostic procedures, tests and protocols), and creation of new service delivery models and reference tools (including electronic applications).

During the three (3) years 2022, 2023 and 2024, did this organization's total expenditures for R&D performed in-house and outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada or outside Canada lead to new or significant improvements to the following?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	Yes	No
a. Goods Include goods developed through new knowledge from research discoveries
b. Services Include on-going knowledge transfer to physicians, first responders, patients and the general public.
c. Methods of manufacturing or producing goods and services
d. Logistics, delivery or distribution methods for this organization's inputs, goods or services
e. Supporting activities for this organization's processes, such as maintenance systems or operations for purchasing, accounting or computing

In-house R&D personnel in 2024

24. In 2024, how many in-house R&D personnel within Canada did this organization have in the following R&D occupations?

If this organization is unable to provide a gender breakdown of FTEs, please leave the associated fields empty and report only the totals.

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

R&D may be carried out by persons who work solely on R&D projects or by persons who devote only part of their time to R&D, and the balance to other activities such as testing, quality control and production engineering. To arrive at the total effort devoted to R&D in terms of personnel, it is necessary to estimate the full-time equivalent of these persons working only part-time in R&D.

Full-time equivalent (FTE) = Number of persons who work solely on R&D projects + the time of persons working only part of their time on R&D.

Example calculation: If out of four scientists engaged in R&D work, one works solely on R&D projects and the remaining three devote only one quarter of their working time to R&D, then: FTE = 1 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 = 1.75 scientists.

R&D personnel

Include:

• permanent, temporary and casual R&D employees
• independent on-site R&D consultants and contractors working in your organization's offices, laboratories, or other facilities
• employees engaged in R&D -related support activities.

Researchers and research managers are composed of:

• Scientists, social scientists, engineers and researchers are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge. They conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models, techniques instrumentation, software or operational methods. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.
• Senior research managers plan or manage R&D projects and programs. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.
• R&D technical, administrative and support staff are composed of:
• Technicians and technologists and research assistants are persons whose main tasks require technical knowledge and experience in one or more fields of engineering, the physical and life sciences, or the social sciences, humanities and the arts. They participate in R&D by performing scientific and technical tasks involving the application of concepts, operational methods and the use of research equipment, normally under the supervision of researchers. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.
• Other R&D technical, administrative support staff include skilled and unskilled craftsmen, and administrative, secretarial and clerical staff participating in R&D projects or directly associated with such projects.

On-site R&D consultants and contractors are individuals hired 1) to perform project-based work or to provide goods at a fixed or ascertained price or within a certain time or 2) to provide advice or services in a specialized field for a fee and, in both cases, work at the location specified and controlled by the contracting company or organization.

In 2024, how many in-house R&D personnel within Canada did this organization have in the following R&D occupations?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	Male (FTEs)	Female (FTEs)	Another Gender (FTEs)	Total (FTEs)
Researchers and research managers
a. Scientists, social scientists, engineers and researchers Include software developers and programmers.
b. Senior research managers
Total researchers and research managers
R&D technical, administrative and support staff
d. Technicians, technologists and research assistants Include software technicians.
d. Other R&D technical, administrative and support staff
Total R&D technical, administrative and support staff
Other R&D occupations
e. On-site R&D consultants and contractors
Total in-house R&D personnel within Canada

25. Of this organization's total in-house R&D personnel reported above, what percentage performed software-related activities?

Software-related sciences and technologies

• Software engineering and technology: computer software engineering, computer software technology and other related computer software engineering and technologies.
• Computer sciences: computer science, artificial intelligence, cryptography and other related computer sciences.
• Information technology and bioinformatics: information technology, informatics, bioinformatics, biomathematics and other related information technologies.

Percentage of software-related activities:

26. In 2024, how were the [amount] total in-house R&D personnel distributed by province or territory?

Please report in full-time equivalents (FTE).

R&D personnel

Include:

• permanent, temporary and casual R&D employees
• independent on-site R&D consultants and contractors working in your organization's offices, laboratories, or other facilities
• employees engaged in R&D-related support activities.

Researchers and research managers are composed of:

• Scientists, social scientists, engineers and researchers are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge. They conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models, techniques instrumentation, software or operational methods. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.
• Senior research managers plan or manage R&D projects and programs. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.

R&D technical, administrative and support staff are composed of:

• Technicians and technologists and research assistants are persons whose main tasks require technical knowledge and experience in one or more fields of engineering, the physical and life sciences, or the social sciences, humanities and the arts. They participate in R&D by performing scientific and technical tasks involving the application of concepts, operational methods and the use of research equipment, normally under the supervision of researchers. They may be certified by provincial educational authorities, provincial or national scientific or engineering associations.
• Other R&D technical, administrative support staff include skilled and unskilled craftsmen, and administrative, secretarial and clerical staff participating in R&D projects or directly associated with such projects.

On-site R&D consultants and contractors are individuals hired 1) to perform project-based work or to provide goods at a fixed or ascertained price or within a certain time or 2) to provide advice or services in a specialized field for a fee and, in both cases, work at the location specified and controlled by the contracting company or organization.

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

R&D may be carried out by persons who work solely on R&D projects or by persons who devote only part of their time to R&D, and the balance to other activities such as testing, quality control and production engineering. To arrive at the total effort devoted to R&D in terms of personnel, it is necessary to estimate the full-time equivalent of these persons working only part-time in R&D.

FTE (full-time equivalent) = Number of persons who work solely on R&D projects + the time of persons working only part of their time on R&D.

Example calculation: If out of four scientists engaged in R&D work, one works solely on R&D projects and the remaining three devote only one quarter of their working time to R&D, then: FTE = 1 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 = 1.75 scientists.

In 2024, how were the [Amount] total in-house R&D personnel distributed by province or territory?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	Number of researchers and research managers	Number of R&D technical, administrative and support staff	Number of on-site R&D consultants and contractors
a. Newfoundland and Labrador
b. Prince Edward Island
c. Nova Scotia
d. New Brunswick
e. Quebec
f. Ontario
g. Manitoba
h. Saskatchewan
i. Alberta
j. British Columbia
k. Yukon
l. Northwest Territories
m. Nunavut
Total in-house R&D personnel within Canada
Total R&D personnel previously reported from question 24

Technology and technical assistance payments in 2024

27. In 2024, did this organization make or receive payments inside or outside Canada for the following technology and technical assistance?

Technology and technical assistance payments

Definitions (equivalent to the Canadian Intellectual Property Office - opens in a new browser window)

a. Patent

Government grant giving the right to exclude others from making, using or selling an invention.

b. Copyright

Legal protection for literary, artistic, dramatic or musical works, computer programs, performer's performances, sound recordings, and communication signals.

c. Trademark

A word, symbol or design, or combination of these, used to distinguish goods or services of one person or organization from those of others in the marketplace.

d. Industrial design

Legal protection against imitation of the shape, pattern, or ornamentation of an object.

e. Integrated circuit topography

Three-dimensional configurations of the elements and interconnections embodied in an integrated circuit product.

f. Original software

Computer programs and descriptive materials for both systems and applications. Original software can be created in-house or outsourced and includes packaged software with customization.

g. Packaged or off-the-shelf software

Packaged software purchased for organizational use and excludes software with customization.

h. Databases

Data files organized to permit effective access and use of the data.

In 2024, did this organization make or receive payments inside or outside Canada for the following technology and technical assistance?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	Made Payments	Received Payments	Both made and received payments	Not applicable
a. Patents
b. Copyrights
c. Trademarks
d. Industrial designs
e. Integrated circuit topography
f. Original software
g. Packaged or off-the-shelf software
h. Databases Useful life exceeding one year.
i. Other technology and technical assistance Include technical assistance, industrial processes and know-how.

28. In 2024, how much did this organization pay to other organizations for technology and technical assistance?

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '1' for payments made between $1 and $999.

Technology and technical assistance payments

Definitions (equivalent to the Canadian Intellectual Property Office - opens in a new browser window)

a. Patent

Government grant giving the right to exclude others from making, using or selling an invention.

b. Copyright

Legal protection for literary, artistic, dramatic or musical works, computer programs, performer's performances, sound recordings, and communication signals.

c. Trademark

A word, symbol or design, or combination of these, used to distinguish goods or services of one person or organization from those of others in the marketplace.

d. Industrial design

Legal protection against imitation of the shape, pattern, or ornamentation of an object.

e. Integrated circuit topography

Three-dimensional configurations of the elements and interconnections embodied in an integrated circuit product.

f. Original software

Computer programs and descriptive materials for both systems and applications. Original software can be created in-house or outsourced and includes packaged software with customization.

g. Packaged or off-the-shelf software

Packaged software purchased for organizational use and excludes software with customization.

h. Databases

Data files organized to permit effective access and use of the data.

In 2023, how much did this organization pay to other organizations for technology and technical assistance?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	Payments made within Canada CAN$ '000	Payments made outside Canada CAN$ '000
Payments made to affiliated organizations
a. Patents
b. Copyrights
c. Trademarks
d. Industrial designs
e. Integrated circuit topography
f. Original software
g. Packaged or off-the-shelf software
h. Databases Useful life exceeding one year.
i. Other technology and technical assistance Include technical assistance, industrial processes and know-how.
Total payments made to members, affiliated companies or organizations
Payments made to other organizations, companies or individuals
j. Patents
k. Copyrights
l. Trademarks
m. Industrial designs
n. Integrated circuit topography
o. Original software
p. Packaged or off-the-shelf software
q. Databases Useful life exceeding one year.
r. Other technology and technical assistance Include technical assistance, industrial processes and know-how.
Total payments made to other organizations, companies or individuals
Total payments made to other organizations for technology and technical assistance

29. In 2024, how much did this organization receive from other organizations for technology and technical assistance?

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '1' for payments received between $1 and $999.

Technology and technical assistance payments

Definitions (equivalent to the Canadian Intellectual Property Office - opens in a new browser window)

a. Patent

Government grant giving the right to Exclude others from making, using or selling an invention.

b. Copyright

Legal protection for literary, artistic, dramatic or musical works, computer programs, performer's performances, sound recordings, and communication signals.

c. Trademark

A word, symbol or design, or combination of these, used to distinguish goods or services of one person or organization from those of others in the marketplace.

d. Industrial design

Legal protection against imitation of the shape, pattern, or ornamentation of an object.

e. Integrated circuit topography

Three-dimensional configurations of the elements and interconnections embodied in an integrated circuit product.

f. Original software

Computer programs and descriptive materials for both systems and applications. Original software can be created in-house or outsourced and includes packaged software with customization.

g. Packaged or off-the-shelf software

Packaged software purchased for organizational use and excludes software with customization.

h. Databases

Data files organized to permit effective access and use of the data.

In 2024, how much did this organization pay to other organizations for technology and technical assistance?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	Payments made within Canada CAN$ '000	Payments made outside Canada CAN$ '000
Payments received from affiliated organizations
a. Patents
b. Copyrights
c. Trademarks
d. Industrial designs
e. Integrated circuit topography
f. Original software
g. Packaged or off-the-shelf software
h. Databases Useful life exceeding one year.
i. Other technology and technical assistance Include technical assistance, industrial processes and know-how.
Total payments made to members, affiliated companies or organizations
Payments made to other organizations, companies or individuals
j. Patents
k. Copyrights
l. Trademarks
m. Industrial designs
n. Integrated circuit topography
o. Original software
p. Packaged or off-the-shelf software
q. Databases Useful life exceeding one year.
r. Other technology and technical assistance Include technical assistance, industrial processes and know-how.
Total payments made to other organizations, companies or individuals
Total payments made to other organizations for technology and technical assistance

Notification of intent to extract web data

30. Does this organization have a website?

• Yes
  Specify the organization website address 1:
  • e.g., www.example.gc.ca
  Specify the organization website address 2:
  • e.g., www.example.gc.ca
  Specify the organization website address 3:
  • e.g., www.example.gc.ca
• No

Notification of intent to extract web data

Statistics Canada engages in web-data extraction, also known as web scraping, which is a process by which information is gathered and copied from the Web using automated scripts or robots, for retrieval and analysis. As a result, we may visit the website for this organization to search for and compile additional information. The use of web scraping is part of a broader effort to reduce the response burden on organizations, as well as produce additional statistical indicators to ensure that our data remain accurate and relevant.

We will strive to ensure that the data collection does not interfere with the functionality of the website. Any data collected will be used by Statistics Canada for statistical and research purposes only, in accordance with the agency’s privacy and confidentiality mandate. All information collected by Statistics Canada is strictly protected.

More information regarding Statistics Canada’s web scraping initiative - this link will open in a new window.

Learn more about Statistics Canada’s transparency and accountability - this link will open in a new window.

If you have any questions or concerns, please contact Statistics Canada Client Services, toll-free at 1-877-949-9492 (TTY: 1-800-363-7629) or by email at infostats@statcan.gc.ca - this link will open in a new window. Additional information about this survey can be found by selecting the following link: Information for survey participants (ISP)

Changes or events

31. Indicate any changes or events that affected the reported values for this business or organization, compared with the last reporting period.

Select all that apply.

• Outsourcing of R&D project(s)
• Initiation of new R&D project(s)
• Completion of existing R&D project(s)
• Major change in funding of R&D project(s) (loss of funding)
• Major change in funding of R&D project(s) (increase in funding)
• Organizational change that affected R&D activities (expansion, reduction, restructuring)
• Economic change that affected R&D activities
• Lack of availability of qualified R&D personnel
• Other reason
  • Specify the other changes or events:
• No changes or events

Contact person

32. Statistics Canada may need to contact the person who completed this questionnaire for further information.

Is [Provided Given Names], [Provided Family Name] the best person to contact?

• Yes
• No

Who is the best person to contact about this questionnaire?

• First name:
• Last name:
• Title:
• Email address:
• Telephone number (including area code):
• Extension number (if applicable):
  The maximum number of characters is 5.
• Fax number (including area code):

Feedback

33. How long did it take to complete this questionnaire?

Include the time spent gathering the necessary information.

• Hours:
• Minutes:

34. Do you have any comments about this questionnaire?