Labour Market and Socio-economic Indicators - July-September 2025

From July – September 2025, the following questions measuring the Labour Market and Socio-economic Indicators were added to the Labour Force Survey as a supplement.

The purpose of this survey is to identify changing dynamics within the Canadian labour market, and measure important socio-economic indicators by gathering data on topics such as type of employment, quality of employment, support payments and unmet health care needs.

Questionnaire flow within the collection application is controlled dynamically based on responses provided throughout the survey. Therefore, some respondents will not receive all questions, and there is a small chance that some households will not receive any questions at all. This is based on their answers to certain LFS questions.

Labour Market and Socio-economic Indicators

ENTRY_Q01 / EQ 1 - From the following list, please select the household member that will be completing this questionnaire on behalf of the entire household.

LMI_Q01 / EQ 2 What forms of payment do you receive in your main job or business?
Select all that apply.

  1. A wage or salary
    e.g., hourly, weekly, annual
  2. Piece rate
  3. Commissions
    e.g., percentage of a sale
  4. Tips
  5. Bonus or performance pay
  6. Charges or fees for services
    e.g., taxi fares, fees charged for legal or professional services
  7. Based on profit
    Any other situation where earnings are based on revenue or the financial performance of a business
    Include profit based on revenue, as well as dividends, profit sharing, stock options
  8. Other
  9. Unpaid work

LMI_Q02 / EQ 3 - What is the main form of payment in your main job or business?
Would you say:

  1. A wage or salary
    e.g., hourly, weekly, annual
  2. Piece rate
  3. Commissions
    e.g., percentage of a sale
  4. Tips
  5. Bonus or performance pay
  6. Charges or fees for services
    e.g., taxi fares, fees charged for legal or professional services
  7. Based on profit
    Any other situation where earnings are based on revenue or the financial performance of a business
    Include profit based on revenue, as well as dividends, profit sharing, stock options
  8. Other
  9. Unpaid work

LMI_Q03 / EQ 4 - You previously mentioned that you are self-employed in your main job.
Over the last 12 months, was at least 50% of your main business activity reliant on:

  Yes No
A single client
A client is the user of the good or service sold by the business		    
A website or app that matches you with clients or potential clients
e.g., Amazon, Uber, UpWork, AirBnB, SkiptheDishes		    
Another company or person subcontracting tasks, projects or clients    
A single supplier
i.e., of raw materials, supplies or goods for resale		    
An agency, broker or other type of intermediary    

LMI_Q04 / EQ 5 - Which of these relationships is most important for your main business?

  1. A single client
    A client is the user of the good or service sold by the business
  2. A website or app that matches you with clients or potential clients
    e.g., Amazon, Uber, UpWork, AirBnB, SkiptheDishes
  3. Another company or person subcontracting tasks, projects or clients
  4. A single supplier
    i.e., of raw materials, supplies or goods for resale
  5. An agency, broker or other type of intermediary

LMI_Q05 / EQ 6 - Does this [main client/website or app/company or person/supplier/agency, broker or other type of intermediary]:

  To a large extent To some extent Not at all Does not apply
Directly determine your schedule        
Directly control how you organize or conduct your work        
Directly set the price of the product or service        
Provide the tools or software required to run the business
e.g., a vehicle, an app to connect with clients, power tools		        
Provide the materials required to run the business
e.g., raw materials, supplies, goods for resale		        

LMI_Q08 / EQ 7 - As part of your main business, could you hire paid help if you wanted to delegate some tasks?

  • Yes
  • No, not allowed to delegate tasks as part of the arrangement with the [main client/website or app/company or person/supplier/agency, broker or other type of intermediary]
  • No, does not currently have the financial resources
  • No, for some other reason

LMI_Q11 / EQ 8 - In your main job, do you have a written agreement or an oral agreement with your employer?

  1. Written contract or agreement
    e.g., letter of offer, contract, written agreement, other documentation
  2. Oral contract or agreement

LMI_Q12 / EQ 9 - In your main job, does your employer contribute to Employment Insurance (EI) on your behalf?

  1. Yes
  2. No
  3. Don't know

IMM_Q01 / EQ 10 - Are you a Canadian citizen?

  1. Yes
  2. No

IMM_Q02 / EQ 11 - When did you first come to Canada to live?
Was it:

  1. Less than 1 year ago
  2. 1 year ago to less than 5 years ago
  3. 5 years ago to less than 10 years ago
  4. 10 years ago to less than 15 years ago
  5. 15 years ago or longer

IMM_Q03 / EQ 12 - How old were you when you first came to Canada to live?
Is it:

  1. 0 to 14 years of age
  2. 15 to 29 years of age
  3. 30 to 49 years of age
  4. 50 years of age or older

IML_Q01 / EQ 13 - What type of permit do you currently hold?
Is it:

  1. Work permit only
  2. Study permit only
  3. Work and study permit
  4. Other

IML_Q02 / EQ 14 - Do you plan to apply for permanent residence in Canada?

  1. Yes
  2. No
  3. Undecided
  4. Don't know

IML_Q03 / EQ 15 - Since you first came to Canada to live, how many paid jobs or businesses have you had?
Is it:

  1. None
  2. 1
  3. 2
  4. 3 to 5
  5. 6 or more

IML_Q04 / EQ 16 - What is the highest certificate, diploma, or degree that you have completed outside Canada prior to your arrival?

  1. High school diploma or less
  2. Trades certificate or diploma
  3. College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma (other than trades certificates or diplomas)
  4. University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level
  5. Bachelor's degree
    e.g., B.A., B.A. (Hons), B.Sc., B.Ed., LL.B.
  6. University certificate, diploma or degree above the bachelor's level

IML_Q05 / EQ 17 - What was the major field of study of the highest certificate, diploma or degree that you completed outside Canada prior to your arrival?

Major field of study of [trades certificate or diploma/college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma/university certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level/bachelor's degree/university certificate, diploma or degree above the bachelor's level]:

IML_Q06 / EQ 18 - In what country did you obtain this certificate, diploma, or degree?
Please select the country from the dropdown menu below. Type the first few letters to narrow down the choices.

IML_Q07 / EQ 19 - Did an assessment agency or a government department grant you an equivalency assessment of credentials obtained outside Canada for your highest certificate, diploma, or degree?

  1. Yes
  2. No, never applied
  3. No, your application was rejected
  4. In the process of finding out

IML_Q08 / EQ 20 - Before coming to Canada, how many years of work experience related to the highest diploma, certificate or degree you obtained outside Canada did you accumulate?
Is it:

  1. None
  2. Less than a year
  3. 1 to less than 5 years
  4. 5 to less than 10 years
  5. 10 years or more

IML_Q09 / EQ 21 - Since your arrival in Canada, did you ever get a paid job that was related to the highest diploma or degree you obtained outside Canada?

  1. Yes, a job entirely related to your highest diploma or degree
  2. Yes, a job partially related to your highest diploma or degree
  3. No, applied but never got it
  4. No, never applied
  5. Don't know

IML_Q10 / EQ 22 - Thinking of the very first job related to your highest diploma or degree, were your years of experience obtained outside Canada recognized by the employer?

  1. Yes
    To what extent was the professional experience you obtained outside Canada considered to determine the characteristics of the position?
    Was it:
    1. Most of your professional experience obtained outside Canada was considered
    2. Only a part of your professional experience obtained outside Canada was considered
    3. None of your professional experience obtained outside Canada was considered
  2. No

IML_Q11 / EQ 23 - For which of the following reasons have you never applied to a paid job related to the highest diploma or degree you obtained outside Canada?
Select all that apply.

  1. No jobs available in the area
  2. Education was not recognized
  3. Did not know how to proceed
  4. Believed that very few immigrants get their experience accepted
  5. Did not think it was worth it
  6. Financial pressures
  7. Wanted to work in a different field or do something different
  8. Other
    Specify

IML_Q12 / EQ 24 - Have you ever attempted to obtain a license or a technical credential to practice a regulated occupation from a professional association or a regulatory body in Canada?

  1. Yes, based on foreign credentials, experience or education
  2. Yes, but only based on Canadian credentials, experience or education
  3. No

IML_Q13 / EQ 25 - Did the professional association or regulatory body accept your foreign credentials or experience to practice a regulated occupation in Canada?

  1. Yes, fully
    e.g., no further courses were required
  2. Yes, partly
    e.g., further courses or training were needed
  3. No
  4. Results of application are still pending
  5. Don't know

IML_Q14 / EQ 26 - Did you have any problems or difficulties finding your current main job or starting your current main business?

  1. Yes
  2. No

IML_Q15 / EQ 27 - What languages are required to perform the main tasks or duties of your current main job or business?
Select all that apply.
Is it:

  1. English
  2. French
  3. Other language
    OR
  4. No language requirements

IML_Q16 / EQ 28 - How do the required language skills in English at your current main job or business compare to your current language skills?
Is it:

  1. Your job requires higher language skills
  2. Your job matches your current language skills
  3. Your job requires lower language skills

IML_Q17 / EQ 29 - How do the required language skills in French at your current main job or business compare to your current language skills?
Is it:

  1. Your job requires higher language skills
  2. Your job matches your current language skills
  3. Your job requires lower language skills

IML_Q18 / EQ 30 - After you arrived in Canada, how long did it take for you to find your first paid job or start your first business?
Is it:

  1. Job found before migration
    OR
  2. Less than 3 months
  3. 3 to less than 6 months
  4. 6 to less than 12 months
  5. 12 months to less than 2 years
  6. 2 years to less than 4 years
  7. 4 years or more

IML_Q21 / EQ 31 - In the last two years, what challenges have you had in finding a job related to the highest diploma, certificate or degree you obtained outside Canada?

Is it:

  1. Language-related difficulties
  2. Did not know the steps needed to apply for a job or start a business
    e.g., filling job applications, preparing for interviews, obtaining permits etc.
  3. Qualifications from outside Canada were not accepted
  4. Job experience from outside Canada was not accepted
  5. Not enough job experience or references in Canada
  6. Few jobs in what you were trained in
  7. No connections in the job market
  8. Discrimination
  9. Other
    • Specify
    OR
  10. You did not look for a job related to the highest diploma, certificate or degree you obtained outside Canada
  11. You did not have any difficulties

SCC1_Q05 / EQ 32 - In the last 12 months, did you receive support payments from a former spouse or partner?

  1. Yes
  2. No

SCC1_Q10 / EQ 33 - What is your best estimate of the amount of support payments you received in the last 12 months?

SCC2_Q05 / EQ 34 - In the last 12 months, did you make support payments to a former spouse or partner?

  1. Yes
  2. No

SCC2_Q10 / EQ 35 - What is your best estimate of the total amount you paid in support payments in the last 12 months?

SCC3_Q05 / EQ 36 - In the last 12 months, did you pay for child care, so that you could work at a paid job?

  1. Yes
  2. No

SCC3_Q10 / EQ 37 - What is your best estimate, of the total amount you paid for child care in the last 12 months?

DSQ_Q01 / EQ 38 - Do you have any difficulty seeing?

  1. No
  2. Sometimes
  3. Often
  4. Always
  5. Don't know

DSQ_Q02 / EQ 39 - Do you wear glasses or contact lenses to improve your vision?

  1. Yes
  2. No
  3. Don't know

DSQ_Q03 / EQ 40 - With your glasses or contact lenses, which of the following best describes your ability to see?

  1. No difficulty seeing
  2. Some difficulty seeing
  3. A lot of difficulty seeing
  4. You are legally blind
  5. You are blind
  6. Don't know

DSQ_Q04 / EQ 41 - How often does this difficulty seeing limit your daily activities?

  1. Never
  2. Rarely
  3. Sometimes
  4. Often
  5. Always
  6. Don't know

DSQ_Q05 / EQ 42 - Do you have any difficulty hearing?

  1. No
  2. Sometimes
  3. Often
  4. Always
  5. Don't know

DSQ_Q06 / EQ 43 - Do you use a hearing aid or cochlear implant?

  1. Yes
  2. No
  3. Don't know

DSQ_Q07 / EQ 44 - With your hearing aid or cochlear implant, which of the following best describes your ability to hear?

  1. No difficulty hearing
  2. Some difficulty hearing
  3. A lot of difficulty hearing
  4. You cannot hear at all
  5. You are Deaf
  6. Don't know

DSQ_Q08 / EQ 45 - How often does this difficulty hearing limit your daily activities?

  1. Never
  2. Rarely
  3. Sometimes
  4. Often
  5. Always
  6. Don't know

DSQ_Q09 / EQ 46 - Do you have any difficulty walking, using stairs, using your hands or fingers or doing other physical activities?

  1. No
  2. Sometimes
  3. Often
  4. Always
  5. Don't know

DSQ_Q10 / EQ 47 - How much difficulty do you have walking on a flat surface for 15 minutes without resting?

  1. No difficulty
  2. Some difficulty
  3. A lot of difficulty
  4. You cannot do at all
  5. Don't know

DSQ_Q11 / EQ 48 - How much difficulty do you have walking up or down a flight of stairs, about 12 steps without resting?

  1. No difficulty
  2. Some difficulty
  3. A lot of difficulty
  4. You cannot do at all
  5. Don't know

DSQ_Q12 / EQ 49 - How often does this difficulty walking limit your daily activities?

  1. Never
  2. Rarely
  3. Sometimes
  4. Often
  5. Always
  6. Don't know

DSQ_Q13 / EQ 50 - How much difficulty do you have bending down and picking up an object from the floor?

  1. No difficulty
  2. Some difficulty
  3. A lot of difficulty
  4. You cannot do at all
  5. Don't know

DSQ_Q14 / EQ 51 - How much difficulty do you have reaching in any direction, for example, above your head?

  1. No difficulty
  2. Some difficulty
  3. A lot of difficulty
  4. You cannot do at all
  5. Don't know

DSQ_Q15 / EQ 52 - How often does this difficulty bending down and picking up an object limit your daily activities?

  1. Never
  2. Rarely
  3. Sometimes
  4. Often
  5. Always
  6. Don't know

DSQ_Q16 / EQ 53 - How much difficulty do you have using your fingers to grasp small objects like a pencil or scissors?

  1. No difficulty
  2. Some difficulty
  3. A lot of difficulty
  4. You cannot do at all
  5. Don't know

DSQ_Q17 / EQ 54 - How often does this difficulty using your fingers limit your daily activities?

  1. Never
  2. Rarely
  3. Sometimes
  4. Often
  5. Always
  6. Don't know

DSQ_Q18 / EQ 55 - Do you have pain that is always present?

  1. Yes
  2. No
  3. Don't know

DSQ_Q19 / EQ 56 - Do you also have periods of pain that reoccur from time to time?

  1. Yes
  2. No
  3. Don't know

DSQ_Q20 / EQ 57 - How often does this pain limit your daily activities?

  1. Never
  2. Rarely
  3. Sometimes
  4. Often
  5. Always
  6. Don't know

DSQ_Q21 / EQ 58 - When you are experiencing this pain, how much difficulty do you have with your daily activities?

  1. No difficulty
  2. Some difficulty
  3. A lot of difficulty
  4. You cannot do most activities
  5. Don't know

DSQ_Q22 / EQ 59 - Do you have any difficulty learning, remembering or concentrating?

  1. Never
  2. Sometimes
  3. Often
  4. Always
  5. Don't know

DSQ_Q23 / EQ 60 - Do you think you have a condition that makes it difficult in general for you to learn? This may include learning disabilities such as dyslexia, hyperactivity, attention problems, etc.

  1. Yes
  2. No
  3. Don't know

DSQ_Q24 / EQ 61 - Has a teacher, doctor or other health care professional ever said that you had a learning disability?

  1. Yes
  2. No
  3. Don't know

DSQ_Q25 / EQ 62 - How often are your daily activities limited by this condition?

  1. Never
  2. Rarely
  3. Sometimes
  4. Often
  5. Always
  6. Don't know

DSQ_Q26 / EQ 63 - How much difficulty do you have with your daily activities because of this condition?

  1. No difficulty
  2. Some difficulty
  3. A lot of difficulty
  4. You cannot do most activities
  5. Don't know

DSQ_Q27 / EQ 64 - Has a doctor, psychologist or other health care professional ever said that you had a developmental disability or disorder? This may include Down syndrome, autism, Asperger syndrome, mental impairment due to lack of oxygen at birth, etc.

  1. Yes
  2. No
  3. Don't know

DSQ_Q28 / EQ 65 - How often are your daily activities limited by this condition?

  1. Never
  2. Rarely
  3. Sometimes
  4. Often
  5. Always
  6. Don't know

DSQ_Q29 / EQ 66 - How much difficulty do you have with your daily activities because of this condition?

  1. No difficulty
  2. Some difficulty
  3. A lot of difficulty
  4. You cannot do most activities
  5. Don't know

DSQ_Q30 / EQ 67 - Do you have any ongoing memory problems or periods of confusion?

  1. Yes
  2. No
  3. Don't know

DSQ_Q31 / EQ 68 - How often are your daily activities limited by this problem?

  1. Never
  2. Rarely
  3. Sometimes
  4. Often
  5. Always
  6. Don't know

DSQ_Q32 / EQ 69 - How much difficulty do you have with your daily activities because of this problem?

  1. No difficulty
  2. Some difficulty
  3. A lot of difficulty
  4. You cannot do most activities
  5. Don't know

DSQ_Q33 / EQ 70 - Do you have any emotional, psychological or mental health conditions?

  1. No
  2. Sometimes
  3. Often
  4. Always
  5. Don't know

DSQ_Q34 / EQ 71 - How often are your daily activities limited by this condition?

  1. Never
  2. Rarely
  3. Sometimes
  4. Often
  5. Always
  6. Don't know

DSQ_Q35 / EQ 72 - When you are experiencing this condition, how much difficulty do you have with your daily activities?

  1. No difficulty
  2. Some difficulty
  3. A lot of difficulty
  4. You cannot do most activities
  5. Don't know

DSQ_Q36 / EQ 73 - Do you have any other health problem or long-term condition that has lasted or is expected to last for six months or more?

  1. Yes
  2. No
  3. Don't know

DSQ_Q37 / EQ 74 - How often does this health problem or long-term condition limit your daily activities?

  1. Never
  2. Rarely
  3. Sometimes
  4. Often
  5. Always
  6. Don't know

DSQ_Q38 / EQ 75 - Do you have pain that is always present?

  1. Yes
  2. No
  3. Don't know

DSQ_Q39 / EQ 76 - Do you also have periods of pain that reoccur from time to time?

  1. Yes
  2. No
  3. Don't know

DSQ_Q40 / EQ 77 - How often does this pain limit your daily activities?

  1. Never
  2. Rarely
  3. Sometimes
  4. Often
  5. Always
  6. Don't know

DSQ_Q41 / EQ 78 - When you are experiencing this pain, how much difficulty do you have with your daily activities?

  1. No difficulty
  2. Some difficulty
  3. A lot of difficulty
  4. You cannot do most activities
  5. Don't know

UCN_Q05 / EQ 79 - During the past 12 months, was there ever a time when you felt that you needed health care, other than homecare services, but you did not receive it?

  1. Yes
  2. No

UCN_Q10 / EQ 80 - Thinking of the most recent time you felt this way, why didn't you get care?

  1. Care not available in the area
  2. Care not available at time required (e.g. doctor busy, away from office or no longer at that practice, inconvenient hours)
  3. Do not have a regular health care provider
  4. Waiting time too long
  5. Appointment was cancelled
  6. Felt would receive inadequate care
  7. Cost
  8. Decided not to seek care
  9. Doctor didn't think it was necessary
  10. Transportation issue
  11. Other

UCN_Q15 / EQ 81 - Again, thinking of the most recent time, what was the type of care that was needed?

  1. Treatment of a chronic physical health condition diagnosed by a health professional
  2. Treatment of a chronic mental health condition diagnosed by a health professional
  3. Treatment of an acute infectious disease (e.g., cold, flu and stomach flu)
  4. Treatment of an acute physical condition (non-infectious)
  5. Treatment of an acute mental health condition (e.g., acute stress reaction)
  6. A regular check-up (including pre-natal care)
  7. Care of an injury
  8. Dental care
  9. Medication / Prescription refill
  10. Other

UCN_Q20 / EQ 82 - Did you actively try to obtain the health care that was needed?

  1. Yes
  2. No

UCN_Q25 / EQ 83 - Where did you try to get the service you were seeking?

  1. A doctor's office
  2. A hospital outpatient clinic
  3. A community health centre [or CLSC]
  4. A walk-in clinic
  5. An emergency department or emergency room
  6. Other
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