Production of principal field crops, November 2025

Canadian farmers reported higher production for most crops in 2025, including wheat, canola, barley, oats, dry peas and lentils, but lower production for corn and soybeans. In general, yields were higher than 2024, particularly in Western Canada, where favourable weather conditions later in the growing season helped crop development.

In Western Canada, weather conditions were somewhat variable throughout the 2025 growing season. Despite dry conditions throughout early parts of the summer, timely precipitation later in the growing season considerably improved conditions. The improvement in growing conditions pushed yields and production for several crops grown predominantly in the Prairies to record highs. Harvest conditions were generally good across the Prairies, proceeding roughly in line with historical averages and largely complete by mid-October.

In Eastern Canada, rainfall was generally below average. Combined with summer heat, these conditions resulted in lower yields in many areas. Like Western Canada, harvest conditions were generally good, with harvest proceeding in a timely manner.

Map 1: Departure from average precipitation (in millimetres) from April 1 to October 12, 2025 (during the growing season), compared with annual average, by province

Wheat production hits record high

Total wheat production rose 11.2% year over year to a record 40.0 million tonnes in 2025, surpassing the previous record set in 2013. Spring wheat led the increase in production in 2025, rising 10.3% to 29.3 million tonnes on higher yields (+12.9% to 58.8 bushels per acre), offsetting lower harvested area, which fell 2.1% to 18.3 million acres.

Durum wheat production rose 11.8% to 7.1 million tonnes in 2025, with higher yields and higher harvested area both contributing to the increase. Despite lower yields, higher harvested area helped to push winter wheat production up, rising 17.0% to 3.6 million tonnes.

In Saskatchewan, lower harvested wheat area (-4.3% to 13.5 million acres) compared with the previous year was offset by higher yields (+10.9% to 49.7 bushels per acres), resulting in greater production, up 6.1% to 18.2 million tonnes.

Alberta producers reported higher wheat yields (+18.8% to 57.0 bushels per acre), which combined with higher harvested area (+4.0% to 7.9 million acres) resulted in a 23.6% increase in wheat production to 12.3 million tonnes.

Wheat production in Manitoba climbed 2.2% to 5.9 million tonnes. Yields in the province edged up 0.3% to 65.6 bushels per acre, while harvested area rose 1.9% to 3.3 million acres.

Canola yields reach a record high

Despite producers reporting lower harvested area in 2025, timely precipitation late in the season in Western Canada helped to push canola yields to or near record highs in all three Prairie provinces, resulting in the national yield rising to 44.7 bushels per acre. Canola production at the national level rose 13.3% to 21.8 million tonnes, surpassing the previous production record set in 2017.

Canola yields in Saskatchewan rose 15.9% to 44.4 bushels per acre, while harvested area edged up 0.7% to 12.1 million acres, resulting in a 16.7% production increase to 12.2 million tonnes.

In Alberta, canola production rose 13.4% to 6.3 million tonnes, attributable to higher yields (+16.1% to 45.4 bushels per acre), offsetting lower harvested area, which fell 2.3% to 6.2 million acres.

Farmers in Manitoba reported lower harvested area compared with a year earlier, falling 8.9% to 3.0 million acres. Yield rose 11.4% to 44.8 bushels per acre, pushing production up 1.6% to 3.1 million tonnes.

Lower yields push corn for grain production down

Nationally, total corn for grain production fell 3.1% to 14.9 million tonnes in 2025. Yield fell 3.9% to 162.2 bushels per acre, while harvested area rose 0.7% to 3.6 million acres. Lower yields were the result of dry growing conditions in parts of Eastern Canada, where most corn is grown.

In Ontario, where more than half of the country's corn is grown, production was down 1.4% to 9.5 million tonnes. Harvested area rose 1.0% to 2.1 million acres but was offset by lower yields, which decreased 2.4% to 175.6 bushels per acre.

Corn for grain production in Quebec fell 18.3% from 2024 to 2.9 million tonnes in 2025. Harvested area decreased 6.1% to 822,800 acres, while yields fell below the five-year average, dropping 13.0% to 141.1 bushels per acre.

Manitoba farmers reported growing 22.5% more corn for grain, totalling 2.2 million tonnes in 2025, driven by both higher harvested area (+16.2% to 579,600 acres) and higher yields, which rose 5.5% to 147.0 bushels per acre.

Soybean production decreases

Nationally, soybean production decreased 10.2% to 6.8 million tonnes in 2025. The decrease in production was the result of lower yields, which fell 11.4% to 43.5 bushels per acre, offsetting higher harvested area (+1.4% to 5.7 million acres.). Lower production was led by Ontario and Quebec, where yields fell compared with the previous year, likely because of hot and dry conditions, offsetting production gains reported by Manitoba.

Soybean production in Ontario decreased 18.2% to 3.6 million tonnes. Both lower harvested area (-7.2% to 2.9 million acres) and lower yields (-11.8% to 45.7 bushels per acre) contributed to the decrease.

Respondents in Manitoba reported lower yields compared with the previous year, falling 3.2% to 42.6 bushels per acre in 2025, but still well above the five-year average. Harvested area rose 16.2% to 1.6 million acres, resulting in higher production, which rose 12.3% to 1.9 million tonnes.

Soybean production in Quebec fell 15.6% from one year earlier to 1.2 million tonnes, on lower yields (-19.2% to 40.1 bushels per acre), offsetting higher harvested area (+4.3% to 1.1 million acres).

Barley and oats production rise on higher yields

Barley production rose 19.4% to 9.7 million tonnes in 2025, driven by higher yields, which increased 25.6% to 79.4 bushels per acre, offsetting lower harvested area, which fell 4.9% to 5.6 million acres.

Total oat production increased by 16.7% to 3.9 million tonnes, as both harvested area (+5.6% to 2.6 million acres) and yields (+10.6% to 98.1 bushels per acre) increased in 2025.

Table 1: November estimates of production of principal field crops