References

View the most recent version.

1. Statistics Canada. Ranking, number and percentage of deaths for the 10 leading causes, Canada, 2000 and 2009. Available at: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/120725/t120725b001-eng.htm.

2. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: Cardiovascular Disease. A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, Maryland: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Office on Smoking and Health, 1983.

3. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Benefits of Smoking Cessation. A Report of the Surgeon General, 1990. DHHC Publication No. (CDC) 90-8416. Rockville, Maryland: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 1990.

4. Shields M. Smoking bans: influence on smoking prevalence. Health Reports 2007; 18(3): 9-24.

5. Swain L, Catlin G, Beaudet MP. The National Population Health Survey—its longitudinal nature. Health Reports 1999; 10(4): 69-82.

6. Tambay J-L, Catlin G. Sample design of the National Population Health Survey. Health Reports 1995; 7(1): 29-38.

7. Research Triangle Institute. SUDAAN Language Manual, Release 10.0 . Research Triangle Park, NC: Research Triangle Institute, 2008.

8. Feeny D, Huguet N, McFarland BH, Kaplan MS. The construct validity of the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 in assessing mental health in population health surveys. Quality of Life Research 2009; 18(4): 519-26.

9. Yeo D, Mantel H, Liu TP. Bootstrap Variance Estimation for the National Population Health Survey. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Statistical Association, Survey Research Methods Section, August 1999. Baltimore: American Statistical Association, 1999.

10. Kenfield SA, Wei EK, Rosner BA, et al. Burden of smoking on cause-specific mortality: application to the Nurses’ Health Study. Tobacco Control 2010; 19(3): 248-54.

11. Bjartveit K, Tverdal A. Health consequences of sustained smoking cessation. Tobacco Control 2009; 18(3): 197-205.

12. Doll R, Peto R. Mortality in relation to smoking: 20 years’ observations on male British doctors. British Medical Journal 1976; 2(6051): 1525-36.

13. Friedman G.D, Tekawa I, Sadler M, et al. Smoking and mortality: The Kaiser Permanente experience. In: Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 8: Changes in Cigarette-related Disease Risks and Their Implications for Prevention and Control. Bethesda, Maryland: National Cancer Institute, U.S. National Institutes of Health, 1997.

14. Hammond EC, Garfinkel L. Coronary heart disease, stroke, and aortic aneurysm. Archives of Environmental Health 1969; 19(2): 167-82.

15. Hammond EC, Horn D. Smoking and death rates; report on forty-four months of follow-up of 187,783 men. II. Death rates by cause. Journal of the American Medical Association 1958; 166(11): 1294-308.

16. Iso H, Date C, Yamamoto A, et al. Smoking cessation and mortality from cardiovascular disease among Japanese men and women: the JACC Study. American Journal of Epidemiology 2005; 161(2): 170-9.

17. Jensen MK, Chiuve SE, Rimm EB, et al. Obesity, behavioral lifestyle factors, and risk of acute coronary events. Circulation 2008; 117(24): 3062-9.

18. Kawachi I, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, et al. Smoking cessation and time course of decreased risks of coronary heart disease in middle-aged women. Archives of Internal Medicine 1994; 154(2): 169-75.

19. Kondo T, Osugi S, Shimokata K, et al. Smoking and smoking cessation in relation to all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in 25,464 healthy male Japanese workers. Circulation Journal 2011; 75(12): 2885-92.

20. LaCroix AZ, Omenn GS. Older adults and smoking. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 1992; 8(1): 69-87.

21. Nakamura K, Huxley R, nsary-Moghaddam A, Woodward M. The hazards and benefits associated with smoking and smoking cessation in Asia: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Tobacco Control 2009; 18(5): 345-53.

22. Nilsson PM, Nilsson JA, Berglund G. Population-attributable risk of coronary heart disease risk factors during long-term follow-up: the Malmö Preventive Project. Journal of Internal Medicine 2006; 260(2): 134-41.

23. Njølstad I, Arnesen E, Lund-Larsen PG. Smoking, serum lipids, blood pressure, and sex differences in myocardial infarction. A 12-year follow-up of the Finnmark Study. Circulation 1996; 93(3): 450-6.

24. Prescott E, Hippe M, Schnohr P, et al. Smoking and risk of myocardial infarction in women and men: longitudinal population study. British Medical Journal 1998; 316(7137): 1043-7.

25. Schnohr P, Jensen JS, Scharling H, Nordestgaard BG. Coronary heart disease risk factors ranked by importance for the individual and community. A 21-year follow-up of 12 000 men and women from The Copenhagen City Heart Study. European Heart Journal 2002; 23(8): 620-6.

26. Thun MJ, Day-Lally CA, Calle EE, et al. Excess mortality among cigarette smokers: changes in a 20-year interval. American Journal of Public Health 1995; 85(9): 1223-30

27. Thun MJ, Day-Lally C, Myers DG, et al. Trends in tobacco smoking and mortality from cigarette use in cancer prevention studies I (1959 through 1965) and II (1982 through 1988). In: Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 8: Changes in Cigarette-related Disease Risks and Their Implications for Prevention and Control. Bethesda, Maryland: National Cancer Institute, U.S. National Institutes of Health, 1997.

28. Tverdal A, Thelle D, Stensvold I, et al. Mortality in relation to smoking history: 13 years’ follow-up of 68,000 Norwegian men and women 35-49 years. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 1993; 46(5): 475-87.

29. Woodward M, Lam TH, Barzi F, et al. Smoking, quitting, and the risk of cardiovascular disease among women and men in the Asia-Pacific region. International Journal of Epidemiology 2005; 34(5): 1036-45.

30. Carnethon MR, Lynch EB, Dyer AR, et al. Comparison of risk factors for cardiovascular mortality in black and white adults. Archives of Internal Medicine 2006; 166(11): 1196-202.

31. Honjo K, Iso H, Tsugane S, et al. The effects of smoking and smoking cessation on mortality from cardiovascular disease among Japanese: pooled analysis of three large-scale cohort studies in Japan. Tobacco Control 2010; 19(1): 50-7.

32. Jousilahti P, Vartiainen E, Tuomilehto J, Puska P. Sex, age, cardiovascular risk factors, and coronary heart disease: a prospective follow-up study of 14,786 middle-aged men and women in Finland. Circulation 1999; 99(9): 1165-72.

33. Kenfield SA, Stampfer MJ, Rosner BA, Colditz GA. Smoking and smoking cessation in relation to mortality in women. Journal of the American Medical Association 2008; 299(17): 2037-47.

34. Burns DM, Shanks TG, Choi W, et al. The American Cancer Society Prevention Study I: 12-year followup of 1 million men and women. In: Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 8: Changes in Cigarette-related Disease Risks and Their Implications for Prevention and Control. Bethesda, Maryland: National Cancer Institute, U.S. National Institutes of Health, 1997.

35. Burns DM, Lee L, Shen LZ, et al. Cigarette smoking behavior in the United States. In: Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 8: Changes in Cigarette-related Disease Risks and Their Implications for Prevention and Control. Bethesda, Maryland: National Cancer Institute, U.S. National Institutes of Health, 1997.

36. Dobson AJ, Alexander HM, Heller RF, Lloyd DM. How soon after quitting smoking does risk of heart attack decline? Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 1991; 44(11): 1247-53.

37. Cook DG, Shaper AG, Pocock SJ, Kussick SJ. Giving up smoking and the risk of heart attacks. A report from The British Regional Heart Study. The Lancet 1986; 2(8520): 1376-80.

38. Hrubec Z, McLaughlin JK. Former cigarette smoking and mortality among U.S. veterans: a 26-year followup, 1954 to 1980. In: Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 8: Changes in Cigarette-related Disease Risks and Their Implications for Prevention and Control. Bethesda, Maryland: National Cancer Institute, U.S. National Institutes of Health, 1997.

39. Shields M, Garner RE, Wilkins K. Smoking and health-related quality of life among Canadians. Health Reports 2013; 24(2): 3-11.

40. Wong SL, Shields M, Leatherdale S, et al. Assessment of validity of self-reported smoking status. Health Reports 2012; 23(1): 47-53.