Chart 3
In-house energy-related research and development expenditures by fossil fuels and clean technologies, 2009 to 2021

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millions of dollars 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Fossil fuelsFossil fuels Clean technologiesClean technologies
Source(s):
Tables 27-10-0347-01 (2014 to 2021) and 27-10-0103-01 (2009 to 2013).

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In-house energy-related research and development expenditures by fossil fuels and clean technologies, 2009 to 2021, millions of dollars
  Fossil fuels Clean technologies
2009 928 386
2010 995 467
2011 1,194 517
2012 1,488 535
2013 1,449 593
2014 1,340 789
2015 948 642
2016 699 925
2017 690 859
2018 665 1,003
2019 622 1,067
2020 558 1,179
2021 698 1,655
Source(s):
Tables 27-10-0347-01 (2014 to 2021) and 27-10-0103-01 (2009 to 2013).
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