Appendix Table A3
Population growth model: all communities, rural and urban, 1981 to 2006

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Dependent: Logarithm of ratio of 2006 population divided by 1981 population All communities Rural Urban
β t-stat β t-stat β t-stat
Intercept -1.468 -3.030 -2.3191 -4.340 -0.983 -0.890
Industry restructuring factors
Presence of agriculture (dummy) -0.016 -0.730 0.021 0.880 -0.056 -0.910
Community agriculture (ln) -0.0191 -2.710 -0.0371 -4.33 0.022 1.550
Regional agriculture (ln) -0.0421 -2.870 -0.0561 -3.47 -0.029 -1.100
Presence of other primary sectors (dummy) 0.010 0.710 0.0451 3.050 -0.046 -1.400
Community other primary sectors (ln) -0.0431 -5.710 -0.0561 -6.530 -0.0311 -1.860
Regional other primary sector (ln) 0.000 -0.050 0.004 0.380 -0.014 -0.510
Presence of distributive services (dummy) -0.2571 -3.270 -0.1991 -2.560 ... ...
Community distributive services (ln) 0.0851 4.560 0.0541 2.790 0.1831 2.950
Regional distributive services (ln) -0.005 -0.100 -0.002 -0.030 -0.092 -0.760
Presence of producer services (dummy) -0.0781 -2.840 -0.0741 -2.530 -0.035 -0.340
Community producer services (ln) 0.0411 2.860 0.0311 2.000 0.027 0.710
Regional producer services (ln) 0.013 0.520 -0.009 -0.350 0.066 0.940
Agglomeration factors
Local population density (ln) -0.0361 -5.810 -0.0391 -4.930 -0.014 -1.150
Regional population density (ln) 0.022 1.530 0.012 0.660 0.005 0.310
Size of nearest agglomeration (ln) 0.0151 2.800 0.008 1.370 0.018 1.480
Distance to larger agglomeration (ln) -0.1001 -8.850 -0.1031 -7.400 -0.0821 -4.430
Distance to smaller agglomeration (ln) -0.0191 -3.340 -0.0381 -3.220 -0.006 -0.800
Socio-economic factors
Community economic specialization (ln) -0.2181 -7.910 -0.1981 -7.180 -0.1771 -1.730
Regional economic specialization (ln) -0.1801 -3.580 -0.2111 -3.180 -0.072 -0.710
Community educational attainment (ln) 0.0501 2.870 0.0391 2.240 -0.007 -0.110
Regional educational attainment (ln) 0.1651 3.260 0.1021 1.920 0.3641 2.790
Community labour force participation rate (ln) 0.099 1.420 0.078 1.060 0.248 1.330
Regional labour force participation rate (ln) 0.011 0.070 0.3611 2.210 -0.5421 -1.800
Other demographics
Population less than 15 years of age (ln) 0.068 1.610 0.005 0.130 0.3281 2.590
Population 55 to 74 years of age (ln) -0.008 -0.280 0.0771 2.660 -0.089 -1.290
Presence of young in-comers (dummy) -0.070 -1.60 -0.057 -1.310 -0.307 -1.620
Young who recently moved in (ln) 0.0251 2.180 0.0261 2.180 0.047 1.180
Presence of senior in-comers (dummy) -0.1811 -7.140 -0.1381 -5.470 -0.3601 -3.660
Seniors who recently moved in (ln) 0.1021 11.330 0.0801 8.670 0.1411 5.540
Presence of Aboriginal population (dummy) 0.007 0.640 0.008 0.750 -0.005 -0.160
Aboriginal population (ln) 0.010 1.300 0.0281 2.810 -0.0231 -1.800
R2 0.570 ... 0.540 ... 0.510 ...
Number of observations (CCSs) 2,382 ... 1,875 ... 507 ...
1. Figures in bold indicate statistical significance at the 10% significance level or higher; White robust standard errors
are used to account for the possible failure of the assumption of normality and homogeneity of the variance of the residuals (Stock and Watson, 2007).
Note: The definition of rural and urban is presented in Box 2. Variable definitions are presented in Appendix Table A1.
CCSs: Census Consolidated Subdivisions
Source: Author's estimation based on Census of Population data for 1981 and 2006.