Analysis
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Energy supply and demand, 2014
Primary energy production in Canada rose 4.2% in 2014 to 18,748 petajoules. This followed a 3.8% increase in 2013.
One petajoule roughly equals the amount of energy required to operate the Montréal subway system for one year.
Crude oil accounted for the largest proportion of primary energy production in Canada in 2014 at 44.9%. This was followed by natural gas (34.1%), primary electricity (9.4%), coal (8.0%) and gas plant natural gas liquids (3.6%).
It was the fifth consecutive year in which crude oil accounted for the largest share of primary energy production, replacing natural gas.
Exports increase and imports decrease
Exports of Canadian energy and energy products increased 1.4% in 2014 to 11,850 petajoules.
In 2014, 57.7% of primary energy produced in Canada was destined for export markets, primarily the United States.
Canada exported 77.5% of its crude oil production in 2014, and 47.5% of its marketable natural gas.
Imports of energy decreased 6.5% in 2014 to 3,313 petajoules. Crude oil accounted for 47.9% of imports, followed by natural gas (25.8%), as these two commodities combined to form close to three-quarters of energy-related imports.
Energy consumption increases
Canada's energy consumption increased 2.3% in 2014 to 8,556 petajoules, following a 3.2% increase in 2013.
Energy use, final demand increased in all six sectors: commercial and other institutional (+4.7%), residential (+4.5%), industrial (+2.8%), public administration (+1.7%), transportation (+1.2%) and agriculture (+0.1%).
Within the industrial sector, energy consumption increased in mining oil and gas extraction (+4.3%) and manufacturing (+2.1%). It declined in construction (-1.0%) and forestry and logging and support activities (-0.1%).
The share of transportation in 2014 continued to be dominated by energy consumption in retail pump sales (61.6%), followed by road transport and urban transit (16.3%). Pipelines accounted for 6.3% of energy consumption for transportation, while railways made up 3.5%.
Refined petroleum products (37.5%) were the main source of energy consumed in Canada in 2014, followed by natural gas (34.7%) and electricity (20.7%).
Energy consumption shifting across the country
Ontario, Alberta and Quebec continued to account for most of the energy consumed in Canada. In 2014, their combined share of total energy consumption was 75.5%.
In 2014, three provinces recorded lower energy consumption compared with 2013. Nova Scotia (-5.7%) led the declines, followed by Prince Edward Island (-0.4%) and British Columbia (-0.3%).
In turn, energy consumption increased in seven provinces in 2014: Newfoundland and Labrador (+9.1%), Saskatchewan (+3.7%), Alberta (+2.8%), Quebec (+2.8%), Manitoba (+2.8%), Ontario (+2.1%) and New Brunswick (+1.5%).
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