Table 17.6
Results from generalized estimating equation modeling of long-term condition, Canada, 1994 to 1997

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Explanatory variable Parameter estimate Empirical standard error 95% Confidence limits Z Pr>|Z|
Lower Upper
Analysis of the number of jobless spells
Jobless spells1 0.2094 0.0253 0.1597 0.2591 8.2608 0.0001
Baseline 3.1184 0.1068 2.9090 3.3278 29.1880 0.0001
Age 0.0113 0.0087 -0.0057 0.0283 1.3073 0.1911
Sex -0.3406 0.0975 -0.5318 -0.1495 -3.4920 0.0005
Marital 0.0572 0.1107 -0.1598 0.2742 0.5167 0.6054
Education -0.0812 0.0375 -0.1546 -0.0077 -2.1650 0.0304
Income -0.1271 0.0680 -0.2605 0.0062 -1.8690 0.0616
Analysis of the number of weeks not in the labor force
Not in the labor force 0.0053 0.0006 0.0041 0.0065 8.5749 0.0001
Baseline 3.0296 0.1079 2.8181 3.2411 28.0720 0.0001
Age -0.0042 0.0095 -0.0228 0.0144 -0.4445 0.6567
Sex -0.4555 0.1042 -0.6597 -0.2514 -4.3740 0.0000
Marital 0.1019 0.1099 -0.1135 0.3173 0.9270 0.3539
Education -0.0782 0.0374 -0.1515 -0.0049 -2.0910 0.0365
Income -0.1272 0.0687 -0.2618 0.0073 -1.8530 0.0639
Analysis of the number of weeks unemployed
Unemployed 0.0042 0.0016 0.0012 0.0073 2.7377 0.0062
Baseline 3.2707 0.1090 3.0571 3.4844 30.0080 0.0001
Age 0.0350 0.0085 0.0183 0.0516 4.1222 0.0001
Sex -0.1799 0.0977 -0.3713 0.0115 -1.8420 0.0655
Marital 0.0345 0.1110 -0.1831 0.2520 0.3108 0.7560
Education -0.1214 0.0373 -0.1945 -0.0484 -3.2600 0.0011
Income -0.1947 0.0659 -0.3239 0.0656 -2.9550 0.0031
1. This generalized estimating equation model showed there were significant relationship between long-term condition and number of jobless spells, even after controlling baseline long-term condition, age, sex marital status, education and income. The adjusted odds of having a long-term condition were EXP(0.2094) = 1.233 times higher for each increase of jobless spell (p=0.0001).
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, longitudinal file.
Table source: Statistics Canada, 2008, New Frontiers of Research on Retirement, catalogue number 75-511-XWE.