Table B.14
Adjusted odds ratios for low earnings among the postsecondary-educated working population by demographic, education and work characteristics, Canada, 2006

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Effect Demographic Geography Education Field of study Work schedule Industry /
occupation		 All All without self-employed
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 5 Column 6 Column 7 Column 8
ratio
R - squared 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.12 0.11 0.22 0.17
Sex
Female1 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Male 0.58*** 0.58*** 0.58*** 0.57*** 0.72** 0.56*** 0.54*** 0.68**
Age
25 to 29 1.19 1.20 1.23 1.19 0.92 1.03 1.21 0.79
30 to 34 1.05 1.06 1.09 1.03 0.97 1.06 1.21 1.00
35 to 39 1.01 1.01 1.05 1.01 0.85 0.96 0.96 0.81
40 to 44 1.22 1.22 1.24 1.23 1.15 1.19 1.23 1.10
45 to 491 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
50 to 54 0.90 0.90 0.92 0.92 0.95 0.99 1.00 1.01
55 to 59 1.73** 1.73** 1.81** 1.80** 1.66* 1.74** 1.39 1.66*
60 to 64 2.79*** 2.77*** 3.02*** 3.16*** 3.01*** 2.88*** 2.18** 2.81***
Family situation
Single 1.01 1.01 1.04 0.98 1.04 0.86 1.11 0.90
Married without kids 0.79 0.79 0.79 0.76 0.77 0.75 0.77 0.74
Married with kids1 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Lone parent family 1.42 1.41 1.36 1.35 1.41 1.27 1.46 1.34
Other 1.16 1.15 1.15 1.13 1.15 1.03 1.13 1.03
Years in Canada
Not an immigrant1 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Less than 10 years 1.31 1.32 1.56 1.73* 1.46 1.41 1.52 1.25
10 to 29 years 1.58** 1.59** 1.68*** 1.72*** 1.60** 1.66** 1.33 1.54*
More than 30 years 0.94 0.95 0.94 0.92 0.80 0.96 0.77 0.83
Province
Newfoundland ... 1.47* 1.42* 1.51* 1.35 1.54* 1.61* 1.36
Prince Edward Island ... 1.11 1.03 1.05 1.05 1.12 1.15 1.13
Nova Scotia ... 1.34* 1.36* 1.40* 1.38* 1.40* 1.56** 1.40*
New Brunswick ... 1.11 1.08 1.12 1.10 1.15 1.44* 1.13
Quebec ... 0.93 0.94 1.00 0.90 1.17 1.01 1.04
Ontario1 ... 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Manitoba ... 1.06 1.03 1.05 1.03 1.01 1.16 0.98
Saskatchwan ... 1.19 1.17 1.21 1.09 1.13 1.06 1.00
Alberta ... 1.02 0.99 1.02 0.88 0.99 0.92 0.85
British Columbia ... 1.11 1.10 1.09 0.96 0.95 0.81 0.86
Educational attainment
College1 ... ... 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
University ... ... 0.57*** 0.59*** 0.63*** 0.75* 0.66** 0.77*
Field of study
Business, management or public administration1 ... ... ... 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Personal and leisure ... ... ... 1.82** 1.53 1.44 1.12 1.22
Education ... ... ... 0.74 0.60* 0.75 0.73 0.68
Arts communications and technology ... ... ... 3.40*** 2.93*** 2.43*** 1.57 2.10*
Humanities ... ... ... 1.58 1.36 1.39 1.46 1.28
Social science ... ... ... 1.18 1.07 1.01 0.84 0.91
Science ... ... ... 0.74 0.68 0.89 0.83 0.81
Math ... ... ... 0.59 0.56 0.44 0.49 0.43
Architecture and engineering ... ... ... 0.90 0.90 0.97 1.02 1.01
Agriculture ... ... ... 2.04** 2.22*** 1.24 1.21 1.31
Health ... ... ... 0.94 0.90 1.19 1.07 1.03
Leisure ... ... ... 3.03** 2.95** 2.61* 1.83 2.58*
Other ... ... ... 3.04 1.51 2.32 1.73 1.09
Work schedule
Full-time full-year1 ... ... ... ... 1.00 ... 1.00 1.00
Not full-time full-year ... ... ... ... 6.30*** ... 7.89*** 6.13***
Occupation
Management ... ... ... ... ... 0.34*** 0.30*** 0.46***
Business administration ... ... ... ... ... 0.45*** 0.63* 0.51***
Science ... ... ... ... ... 0.21*** 0.31** 0.24***
Sales1 ... ... ... ... ... 1.00 1.00 1.00
Health ... ... ... ... ... 0.18*** 0.17*** 0.20***
Social science ... ... ... ... ... 0.50*** 0.57* 0.63*
Arts and recreation ... ... ... ... ... 1.14 0.75 1.43
Trades ... ... ... ... ... 0.62* 0.65 0.70
Primary ... ... ... ... ... 1.36 1.13 2.03
Process ... ... ... ... ... 1.09 1.20 1.30
Industry
Agriculture ... ... ... ... ... 2.31 1.10 2.21
Primary industries ... ... ... ... ... 0.34* 0.27 0.31*
Utilities ... ... ... ... ... <0.001*** <0.001*** <0.001***
Construction ... ... ... ... ... 1.76 0.97 1.71
Health1 ... ... ... ... ... 1.00 1.00 1.00
Manufacturing ... ... ... ... ... 0.52* 0.75 0.60
Trade ... ... ... ... ... 1.14 1.35 1.32
Transport ... ... ... ... ... 0.94 1.07 1.08
Finance ... ... ... ... ... 0.59* 0.47* 0.69
Professional, science and technical services ... ... ... ... ... 1.10 0.57* 1.24
Business, building and other support services ... ... ... ... ... 1.57 1.05 1.61
Education ... ... ... ... ... 0.64 0.72 0.56*
Culture ... ... ... ... ... 1.05 1.14 1.09
Food industry ... ... ... ... ... 2.55** 3.10*** 3.17***
Other ... ... ... ... ... 1.53*** 1.43 1.71*
Public administration ... ... ... ... ... 0.15 0.34* 0.20***
Self-employment status
Not self-employed ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.00 ...
Self-employed ... ... ... ... ... ... 11.25*** ...
... not applicable
* p ≤ 0.05
** p ≤ 0.01
*** p ≤ 0.001
1. Reference category.
Note: Based on 11,106 respondents.
Source: Statistics Canada, Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, 2006.
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