Table 3
Adjusted odds ratios and risk ratios relating socio-economic factors to determinants of overweight , by sex, household population aged 18 or older, Canada excluding territories, 2004

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  Low fruit/vegetable intake (less than 5 times per day) Total daily energy intake Eating out (at least one meal prepared outside the home) Low physical activity (less than 1.5 kilocalories/ kilogram/day) Smoking cessation
Odds ratio 95% confidence interval Risk ratio 95% confidence interval Odds ratio 95% confidence interval Odds ratio 95% confidence interval Odds ratio 95% confidence interval
from to from to from to from to from to
Women
Household education
Low 1.74* 1.26 2.40 0.81* 0.73 0.90 0.99 0.75 1.30 1.71* 1.27 2.32 0.33* 0.20 0.54
Middle 1.29* 1.00 1.68 0.90* 0.82 0.99 1.08 0.83 1.39 1.34* 1.04 1.72 0.53* 0.34 0.81
High† 1.00 ... ... 1.00 ... ... 1.00 ... ... 1.00 ... ... 1.00 ... ...
Household income
Lowest 1.60* 1.01 2.53 0.97 0.87 1.07 0.52* 0.36 0.75 1.26 0.85 1.86 0.48* 0.29 0.78
Lower-middle 1.56* 1.07 2.26 0.99 0.89 1.10 0.64* 0.47 0.87 1.51* 1.10 2.08 0.60* 0.37 0.98
Upper-middle 1.14 0.84 1.53 1.02 0.93 1.13 0.75* 0.58 0.97 1.04 0.80 1.35 0.79 0.51 1.24
Highest† 1.00 ... ... 1.00 ... ... 1.00 ... ... 1.00 ... ... 1.00 ... ...
Men
Household education
Low 1.45 0.98 2.15 1.14 0.95 1.38 0.83 0.60 1.15 1.21 0.87 1.67 0.47* 0.29 0.78
Middle 1.21 0.89 1.65 1.23* 1.08 1.42 0.89 0.67 1.18 1.01 0.77 1.33 0.69 0.45 1.07
High† 1.00 ... ... 1.00 ... ... 1.00 ... ... 1.00 ... ... 1.00 ... ...
Household income
Lowest 1.84* 1.05 3.22 0.87 0.67 1.12 0.49* 0.31 0.78 2.31* 1.43 3.71 0.55 0.27 1.11
Lower-middle 1.16 0.76 1.79 0.84* 0.70 0.99 0.52* 0.37 0.73 1.94* 1.37 2.74 0.58* 0.36 0.94
Upper-middle 1.43* 1.04 1.96 0.95 0.83 1.10 0.69* 0.51 0.92 1.64* 1.25 2.48 0.89 0.62 1.27
Highest† 1.00 ... ... 1.00 ... ... 1.00 ... ... 1.00 ... ... 1.00 ... ...
† reference category
* significantly different from estimate for reference category (p < 0.05)
Note: Models are adjusted for household education, household income, age and age squared. Results for Total daily energy intake represent the risk of a 1,000-calorie higher energy intake, compared with reference category.
Source: 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey: Nutrition.
Table source: Statistics Canada, 2008, " Why does the social gradient in health not apply to overweight?", Health Reports, Vol. 19, No. 4, catalogue number 82-003-X.