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Community and health system characteristicsCommunity CommunityPopulationDefinition: A populations size and age/sex composition impact the health status of a region and its need for health services. Population data also provide the "denominators" used to calculate rates for most health and social indicators. Sources: Population densityDefinition: Sources: Dependency ratio Definition: Canadians aged 65 and over and those under age 15 are more likely to be socially and/or economically dependent on working age Canadians, and they may also put certain additional demands on health services. Sources: Urban populationDefinition: This community characteristic allows users to compare regions with similar proportions of urban/rural population. Source: Aboriginal populationDefinition: Health status characteristics and non-medical determinants of Aboriginal people differ from the non-Aboriginal population, for example, infant mortality, unintentional injury deaths, suicides and smoking rates. Knowing the proportion of Aboriginal people in a geographic area provides context to better interpret health indicators. Sources: Immigrant populationDefinition: Canadian, American and Australian studies have shown that immigrants, particularly non-European immigrants, generally have a longer life expectancy and lower risk of certain chronic conditions than the native-born population. However, the Canadian studies have also shown that as the immigrants' period of residence in Canada increases, so does the prevalence of chronic conditions, smoking and disability. Understanding the proportion of immigrants in a geographic area, along with the period of immigration, provides a context for interpreting health indicators. Source: Internal migrant mobilityDefinition: Source: Strong MIZDefinition: The CMAs and CAs are large urban areas with adjacent urban and rural areas that have a high degree of economic and social integration. These CMAs and CAs are defined around urban areas that have attained certain population thresholds: 100,000 for CMAs and 10,000 for CAs. Sources: Lone-parent familiesDefinition: Source: Visible minorityDefinition: Source: Teen pregnancyDefinition: Pregnancies are composed of live births, induced (therapeutic) abortions and fetal loss, including stillbirths (at least 20 weeks gestation or fetal weight of at least 500 grams) and cases of spontaneous abortion, illegally induced abortion, other and unspecified abortion treated in general and allied hospitals in Canada. Sources: Health systemInflow/outflow ratio Definition: (GABG: CCP code 48.1, ICD-9-CM procedure code 36.1, CCI code 1.IJ.76; Hip replacement: CCP code of 93.51, 93.52, 93.53, or 93.59, ICD-9-CM procedure code of 81.50, 81.51, or 81.53, CCI code of 1.VA.53.LA-PN, 1.VA.53.PN-PN; Knee replacement: CCP code of 93.40 or 93.41, ICD-9-CM procedure code of 81.54 or 81.55, CCI code of 1.VG.53; Hysterectomy: CCP code of 80.3-80.6, ICD-9-CM procedure code of 68.4-68.7, 68.9, CCI code 1.RM.89, 1.RM.91, 5.CA.89.WJ, 5.CA.89.CK, or 5.CA.89.GB) This indicator reflects the balance between the quantity of hospital stays provided to both residents and non-residents by all acute care hospitals in a given region and the extent of acute care utilization by residents of that region, whether they receive care within or out of the region. A ratio less than one indicates that hospital stays utilized by residents of a region exceeded hospital care provided within that region, suggesting an outflow effect. A ratio greater than one indicates hospital stays provided by a region exceeded the quantity of stays utilized by its residents, suggesting an inflow effect. A ratio of one indicates that the volume of hospital discharges in the region is equivalent to that generated by its residents, suggesting that inflow and outflow activity, if it exists at all, is balanced. Source: Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)Definition: (CCP code 48.1, ICD-9-CM procedure code 36.1, CCI code 1.IJ.76 ). As with other types of surgical procedures, variations in CABG surgery rates can be attributed to numerous factors, including differences in population demographics, physician practice patterns, and availability of services. In some cases, coronary angioplasty (an alternative intervention to improve blood flow to the heart muscle) may be used. Variations in the extent of the procedure may result in variations in bypass surgery. Source: Hip replacementDefinition: (CCP code 93.51, 93.52, 93.53 or 93.59,ICD-9-CM procedure code 81.50, 81.51 or 81.53, CCI code1.VA.53.LA-PN or 1.VA.53.PN-PN). Hip replacement surgery has the potential to result in considerable improvement in functional status, pain relief, as well as other gains in health-related quality of life. Over the past two decades, rates of surgery have increased substantially. Wide inter-regional variation in the hip replacement rate may be attributable to numerous factors including the availability of services, provider practice patterns, and patient preferences. Source: Knee replacementDefinition: (CCP code 93.40 or 93.41, ICD-9-CM procedure code 81.54 or 81.55, CCIcode 1.VG.53). Knee replacement surgery has the potential to result in considerable improvement in functional status, pain relief, as well as other gains in health-related quality of life. Over the past two decades, rates of surgery have increased substantially. Wide inter-regional variation in the knee replacement rate may be attributable to numerous factors including the availability of services, provider practice patterns, and patient preferences. Source: HysterectomyDefinition: (CCP code 80.3-80.6, ICD-9-CM procedure code 68. 4-68.7, 68.9 or CCI code 1.RM.89, 1.RM.91, 5.CA.89.WJ, 5.CA.89.CK, or 5.CA.89.GB). Utilization rates may reflect the level of uncertainty about the appropriate use of this surgical procedure. The "right" level of utilization is not known. Source: Contact with alternative health care providersDefinition: Alternative health care providers include: massage therapists, acupuncturists, homeopaths or naturopaths, Feldenkrais or Alexander teachers, relaxation therapists, biofeedback teachers, rolfers, herbalists, reflexologists, spiritual healers, religious healers, etc. Sources: Contact with medical doctorsDefinition: Medical doctor includes family or general practitioners as well as specialists such as surgeons, allergists, orthopaedists, gynaecologists, or psychiatrists. Sources: Contact with health professionals about mental healthDefinition: Mental health professionals include: family doctors or general practitioners, psychiatrists, psychologists, nurses, social workers and counsellors. Sources: Contact with dental professionalsDefinition: Dental professionals include dentists, orthodontists or dental hygienists Sources: ResourcesHealth expenditures Definition: Source: DoctorsDefinition: Physician to population ratios are used to support health human resource planning. While physician density ratios are useful indicators of changes in physician numbers relative to the population, inference from total numbers or ratios as to the adequacy of provider resources should not be made. Various factors influence whether the supply of physicians is appropriate, such as: distribution and location of physicians within a region or province; physician type (i.e., family medicine physicians vs. specialists); level of service provided (full-time vs. part-time); physician age and gender; population's access to hospitals, health care facilities, technology and other types of health care providers; population needs (demographic characteristics and health problems); and society's perceptions and expectations. Source: |
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