Table 2
Adjusted odds ratios for violent delinquency among youth by demographic, school, victimization, peer and family characteristics, 2006

Warning View the most recent version.

Archived Content

Information identified as archived is provided for reference, research or recordkeeping purposes. It is not subject to the Government of Canada Web Standards and has not been altered or updated since it was archived. Please "contact us" to request a format other than those available.

  Model 1
Demographic model		 Model 2
School-related variables		 Model 3
Victimization variables		 Model 4
Peer and family variables		 Model 5
Full model
odds ratio 95% CI1 odds ratio 95% CI1 odds ratio 95% CI1 odds ratio 95% CI1 odds ratio 95% CI1
Sex (male) 2.53*** (1.95, 3.30) 2.51*** (1.87, 3.37) 2.30*** (1.74, 3.04) 2.81*** (2.13, 3.71) 2.39*** (1.79, 3.26)
Age (in years) 1.23** (1.07, 1.41) 1.02 (0.88, 1.18) 1.22** (1.06, 1.40) 1.00 (0.86, 1.15) 0.90 (0.77, 1.05)
Generational status
Native-born2 1.00 . 1.00 . 1.00 . 1.00 . 1.00 .
Second generation 1.31 (0.94, 1.81) 1.24 (0.86, 1.80) 1.11 (0.79, 1.56) 1.71** (1.22, 2.41) 1.42 (0.96, 2.10)
Immigrated when younger (before age 5) 1.12 (0.64, 1.96) 1.14 (0.61, 2.12) 0.97 (0.55, 1.71) 1.59 (0.89, 2.85) 1.35 (0.70, 2.57)
Immigrated when older (after age 5) 0.67 (0.40, 1.11) 0.80 (0.47, 1.35) 0.54* (0.32, 0.91) 1.07 (0.64, 1.77) 0.98 (0.56, 1.72)
Family composition
Intact family2 1.00 . 1.00 . 1.00 . 1.00 . 1.00 .
Single-parent family 1.34 (0.99, 1.81) 1.01 (0.73, 1.40) 1.35 (1.00, 1.83) 0.80 (0.55, 1.16) 0.77 (0.52, 1.13)
Step/blended family 2.44** (1.35, 4.38) 1.92 (0.99, 3.73) 2.21** (1.22, 4.03) 2.04* (1.15, 3.61) 1.71 (0.88, 3.32)
Other 1.48 (0.69, 3.18) 1.50 (0.69, 3.24) 1.71 (0.81, 3.62) 1.14 (0.55, 2.40) 1.35 (0.58, 3.13
School-related variables
University aspirations . . 0.62** (0.46, 0.83) . . . . 0.64** (0.48, 0.86)
Skipping school . . 1.83*** (1.53, 2.20) . . . . 1.51*** (1.25, 1.81)
Negative attitudes towards school . . 1.07 (1.00, 1.15) . . . . 1.06 (0.98, 1.14)
Perception of school safety . . 1.21*** (1.16, 1.26) . . . . 1.15*** (1.10, 1.20)
Victimization variables
Discriminated against . . . . 1.73*** (1.31, 2.28) . . 1.58** (1.16, 2.14)
Bullied . . . . 0.95 (0.73, 1.24) . . 0.99 (0.74, 1.34)
Hit . . . . 2.38** (1.34, 4.21) . . 1.82 (0.94, 3.52)
Stolen from . . . . 2.03*** (1.53, 2.70) . . 1.49** (1.10, 2.00)
Threatened . . . . 2.62*** (1.64, 4.18) . . 2.18** (1.34, 3.55)
Peer and family variables
Positive mother-youth relationship . . . . . . 0.61* (0.38, 0.99) 0.89 (0.51, 1.53)
Positive father-youth relationship . . . . . . 0.51*** (0.35, 0.75) 0.59* (0.38, 0.91)
Goes out at night . . . . . . 3.02*** (1.91, 4.78) 2.76*** (1.71, 4.48)
Time with family . . . . . .        
Spends majority of time with family2 . . . . . . 1.00 . 1.00 .
Spends majority of time alone . . . . . . 1.10 (0.75, 1.60) 0.93 (0.63, 1.37)
Spends majority of time with friends . . . . . . 1.57** (1.18, 2.09) 1.38* (1.04, 1.84)
Illegal activities acceptable to peer group . . . . . . 4.05*** (3.01, 5.46) 2.93*** (2.13, 4.02)
Model of R-squared 0.03 0.11 0.08 0.11 0.17
* p ≤ 0.05
** p ≤ 0.01
***p ≤ 0.001
1. Confidence interval.
2. Reference category.
Note: Based on 2,778 youth aged 12 to 17.
Source: Statistics Canada, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, International Youth Survey, Toronto, 2006.