Table 3.2.4
Regressions of the log of annual earnings on education and problem solving skills, controlling for experience, gender, community size, nativity and parents' education, Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey (ALL) 2003 and 2008
Unstandardized coefficients | ||
---|---|---|
β | standard error | |
Bermuda | ||
(Constant) | 10.77Note *** | (0.10) |
ExperienceNote 1 | 0.02Note *** | (0.00) |
Experience squaredNote 2 | -0.13Note *** | (0.02) |
Female | -0.25Note *** | (0.05) |
Urban residentNote 3 | … | … |
Employed part-timeNote 4 | -0.69Note *** | (0.09) |
Native-born | -0.15Note *** | (0.05) |
Parents' education | ||
Upper secondary | 0.02 | (0.05) |
Higher than upper secondary | (0.02) | (0.08) |
Education | ||
Upper secondary | 0.00 | (0.08) |
Higher than upper secondary | 0.28Note *** | (0.09) |
Skill | ||
Levels 2, 3 and 4 | 0.23Note *** | (0.05) |
R square | 0.34 | |
Canada | ||
(Constant) | 9.71Note *** | (0.05) |
ExperienceNote 1 | 0.02Note *** | (0.00) |
Experience squaredNote 2 | -0.11Note *** | (0.01) |
Female | -0.29Note *** | (0.03) |
Urban resident | 0.12Note *** | (0.03) |
Employed part-time | -0.98Note *** | (0.05) |
Native-born | 0.06 | (0.04) |
Parents' education | ||
Upper secondary | 0.09Note *** | (0.02) |
Higher than upper secondary | 0.08Note ** | (0.03) |
Education | ||
Upper secondary | 0.25Note *** | (0.04) |
Higher than upper secondary | 0.60Note *** | (0.03) |
Skill | ||
Levels 2, 3 and 4 | 0.19Note *** | (0.03) |
R square | 0.47 | |
Hungary | ||
(Constant) | 8.97Note *** | (0.20) |
ExperienceNote 1 | 0.01Note *** | (0.00) |
Experience squaredNote 2 | -0.07Note *** | (0.02) |
Female | -0.19Note *** | (0.04) |
Urban resident | 0.09Note * | (0.05) |
Employed part-time | -0.68Note *** | (0.11) |
Native-born | -0.22 | (0.20) |
Parents' education | ||
Upper secondary | 0.18Note *** | (0.06) |
Higher than upper secondary | 0.37Note *** | (0.08) |
Education | ||
Upper secondary | 0.27Note *** | (0.06) |
Higher than upper secondary | 0.62Note *** | (0.08) |
Skill | ||
Levels 2, 3 and 4 | 0.10Note * | (0.05) |
R square | 0.24 | |
Italy | ||
(Constant) | 9.81Note *** | (0.15) |
ExperienceNote 1 | 0.01Note *** | (0.00) |
Experience squaredNote 2 | -0.02 | (0.01) |
Female | -0.17Note *** | (0.03) |
Urban resident | 0.07Note * | (0.04) |
Employed part-time | -0.46Note *** | (0.06) |
Native-born | -0.10 | (0.13) |
Parents' education | ||
Upper secondary | 0.07Note * | (0.04) |
Higher than upper secondary | 0.09 | (0.11) |
Education | ||
Upper secondary | 0.16Note *** | (0.04) |
Higher than upper secondary | 0.32Note *** | (0.05) |
Skill | ||
Levels 2, 3 and 4 | 0.05 | (0.04) |
R square | 0.17 | |
Netherlands | ||
(Constant) | 10.02Note *** | (0.09) |
ExperienceNote 1 | 0.02Note *** | (0.00) |
Experience squaredNote 2 | -0.13Note *** | (0.01) |
Female | -0.12Note *** | (0.05) |
Urban resident | 0.05 | (0.03) |
Employed part-time | -0.90Note *** | (0.05) |
Native-born | 0.23Note * | (0.12) |
Parents' education | ||
Upper secondary | 0.05 | (0.05) |
Higher than upper secondary | -0.02 | (0.05) |
Education | ||
Upper secondary | 0.24Note *** | (0.06) |
Higher than upper secondary | 0.66Note *** | (0.05) |
Skill | ||
Levels 2, 3 and 4 | 0.08 | (0.07) |
R square | 0.50 | |
New Zealand | ||
(Constant) | 9.89Note *** | (0.06) |
ExperienceNote 1 | 0.02Note *** | (0.00) |
Experience squaredNote 2 | -0.10Note *** | (0.01) |
Female | -0.25Note *** | (0.03) |
Urban resident | 0.10Note *** | (0.03) |
Employed part-time | -1.22Note *** | (0.03) |
Native-born | 0.04 | (0.04) |
Parents' education | ||
Upper secondary | 0.02 | (0.04) |
Higher than upper secondary | 0.02 | (0.04) |
Education | ||
Upper secondary | 0.13Note *** | (0.04) |
Higher than upper secondary | 0.39Note *** | (0.04) |
Skill | ||
Levels 2, 3 and 4 | 0.27Note *** | (0.05) |
R square | 0.50 | |
Norway | ||
(Constant) | 9.50Note *** | (0.14) |
ExperienceNote 1 | 0.03Note *** | (0.00) |
Experience squaredNote 2 | -0.15Note *** | (0.01) |
Female | -0.21Note *** | (0.04) |
Urban resident | 0.22Note *** | (0.05) |
Employed part-time | -0.69Note *** | (0.05) |
Native-born | 0.18 | (0.11) |
Parents' education | ||
Upper secondary | -0.03 | (0.05) |
Higher than upper secondary | -0.07 | (0.06) |
Education | ||
Upper secondary | 0.23Note *** | (0.07) |
Higher than upper secondary | 0.48Note *** | (0.07) |
Skill | ||
Levels 2, 3 and 4 | 0.15Note * | (0.08) |
R square | 0.39 | |
SwitzerlandNote 5 | ||
(Constant) | 9.67Note *** | (0.11) |
ExperienceNote 1 | 0.02Note *** | (0.00) |
Experience squaredNote 2 | -0.13Note *** | (0.01) |
Female | -0.24Note *** | (0.06) |
Upper secondary | 0.13Note *** | (0.04) |
Higher than upper secondary | -0.90Note *** | (0.07) |
Native-born | -0.03 | (0.03) |
Parents' education | ||
Upper secondary | 0.04 | (0.04) |
Higher than upper secondary | 0.04 | (0.06) |
Education | ||
Upper secondary | 0.70Note *** | (0.10) |
Higher than upper secondary | 1.14Note *** | (0.11) |
Skill | ||
Levels 2, 3 and 4 | 0.06 | (0.06) |
R square | 0.57 | |
… not applicable * p<0.10, statistically significant at the 10 per cent level ** p<0.05, statistically significant at the 5 per cent level *** p<0.01, statistically significant at the 1 per cent level 1. Experience was calculated as age minus years of education minus six. 2. Experience squared was divided by 100. 3. Bermuda's entire population resides in urban areas, and therefore this variable was omitted from these models. 4. Individuals who reported working part-time at some point during the previous year. 5. These models for Switzerland apply to the German and French speaking communities only, since they did not field the problem solving skills domain in the Italian speaking community. Notes: The response variable is the natural log of annual earnings for respondents who reported positive, non-zero earnings. The experience variables were centred at their means to make the terms orthogonal. Experience*2 was divided by 100. The regressions were restricted to respondents in the labour force at the time of the survey. Source: Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey, 2003 and 2008. |
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