Table 3.4.1
Binary logistic regressions predicting the odds of earning more than half the median earnings by education and skill level, controlling for experience, gender, community size, nativity and parents' education, prose skills, Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey (ALL) 2003 and 2008

Table 3.4.1 Binary logistic regressions predicting the odds of earning more than half the median earnings by education and skill level, controlling for experience, gender, community size, nativity and parents' education, prose skills, ALL 2003 and 2008
Table summary
 This table displays the results of binary logistic regressions predicting the odds of earning more than half the median earnings by education and skill level, controlling for experience, gender, community size, nativity and parents' education, adult literacy and life skills survey. This information is grouped by country (appearing as row headers) and by standardized coefficients (appearing as column headers), calculated using β, standard error and odds ratio as a unit of measure.
  Standardized coefficients
β standard error odds ratio
Bermuda  
(Constant) -0.73 (0.38) 0.48
ExperienceNote 1 0.06Note *** (0.01) 1.06
Female -0.67Note *** (0.17) 0.51
Urban residentNote 2 … … …
Native-born 0.14 (0.18) 1.15
Parents' education  
Upper secondary 0.08 (0.26) 1.08
Higher than upper secondary -0.32 (0.31) 0.73
Education  
Upper secondary 1.02Note *** (0.34) 2.78
Higher than upper secondary 1.7Note *** (0.35) 5.45
Skill  
Levels 3, 4 and 5 0.57Note *** (0.19) 1.76
Canada  
(Constant) -1.31Note *** (0.20) 0.27
ExperienceNote 1 0.07Note *** (0.00) 1.08
Female -0.89Note *** (0.08) 0.41
Urban resident 0.22Note ** (0.09) 1.24
Native-born 0.10 (0.14) 1.11
Parents' education  
Upper secondary 0.18Note * (0.10) 1.19
Higher than upper secondary -0.13 (0.09) 0.88
Education  
Upper secondary 0.89Note *** (0.13) 2.44
Higher than upper secondary 1.99Note *** (0.14) 7.28
Skill  
Levels 3, 4 and 5 0.34Note *** (0.12) 1.40
Hungary  
(Constant) 0.08 (1.15) 1.08
ExperienceNote 1 0.04Note *** (0.01) 1.04
Female -0.37Note ** (0.16) 0.69
Urban resident 0.43Note ** (0.17) 1.54
Native-born 0.09 (1.09) 1.09
Parents' education  
Upper secondary 0.32Note * (0.17) 1.38
Higher than upper secondary 0.58Note * (0.29) 1.79
Education  
Upper secondary 0.79Note *** (0.22) 2.21
Higher than upper secondary 1.36Note *** (0.30) 3.88
Skill  
Levels 3, 4 and 5 0.55Note ** (0.24) 1.74
Italy  
(Constant) 1.5Note *** (0.71) 4.49
ExperienceNote 1 0.04Note *** (0.01) 1.05
Female -1.32Note *** (0.20) 0.27
Urban resident 0.22 (0.18) 1.25
Native-born -0.32 (0.58) 0.72
Parents' education  
Upper secondary 0.12 (0.21) 1.13
Higher than upper secondary -0.09 (0.58) 0.91
Education  
Upper secondary 1.08Note *** (0.23) 2.94
Higher than upper secondary 1.53Note *** (0.28) 4.64
Skill  
Levels 3, 4 and 5 -0.05 (0.28) 0.95
Norway  
(Constant) -1.07Note *** (0.30) 0.34
ExperienceNote 1 0.06Note *** (0.01) 1.06
Female -0.56Note *** (0.13) 0.57
Urban resident 0.46Note *** (0.16) 1.58
Native-born 0.24 (0.22) 1.27
Parents' education  
Upper secondary -0.13 (0.14) 0.88
Higher than upper secondary -0.54Note *** (0.11) 0.58
Education  
Upper secondary 0.61Note *** (0.14) 1.84
Higher than upper secondary 1.29Note *** (0.14) 3.63
Skill  
Levels 3, 4 and 5 0.34Note ** (0.16) 1.40
New Zealand  
(Constant) -0.15 (0.19) 0.86
ExperienceNote 1 0.04Note *** 0.00 1.05
Female -1.09Note *** (0.09) 0.33
Urban resident 0.07 (0.12) 1.08
Native-born 0.21Note ** (0.10) 1.24
Parents' education  
Upper secondary 0.17Note * (0.10) 1.19
Higher than upper secondary 0.02 (0.13) 1.02
Education  
Upper secondary 0.35Note *** (0.14) 1.42
Higher than upper secondary 1.08Note *** (0.11) 2.95
Skill  
Levels 3, 4 and 5 0.25Note ** (0.12) 1.28
Netherlands  
(Constant) -0.30 (0.39) 0.74
ExperienceNote 1 0.05Note *** (0.01) 1.05
Female -1.20Note *** (0.15) 0.30
Urban resident 0.04 (0.13) 1.04
Native-born 0.26 (0.42) 1.30
Parents' education  
Upper secondary -0.06 (0.16) 0.94
Higher than upper secondary -0.52Note *** (0.17) 0.60
Education  
Upper secondary 0.87Note *** (0.16) 2.39
Higher than upper secondary 2.01Note *** (0.22) 7.44
Skill  
Levels 3, 4 and 5 0.33Note * (0.17) 1.39
SwitzerlandNote 3  
(Constant) -0.39 (0.27) 0.68
ExperienceNote 1 0.05Note *** (0.01) 1.05
Female -1.71Note *** (0.13) 0.18
Urban resident 0.39Note * (0.20) 1.48
Native-born -0.28 (0.19) 0.76
Parents' education  
Upper secondary -0.15 (0.18) 0.86
Higher than upper secondary -0.73Note *** (0.17) 0.48
Education  
Upper secondary 1.70Note *** (0.18) 5.49
Higher than upper secondary 3.09Note *** (0.29) 21.91
Skill  
Levels 3, 4 and 5 0.10 (0.23) 1.11
United States  
(Constant) -0.85Note ** (0.31) 0.43
ExperienceNote 1 0.06Note *** (0.00) 1.06
Female -1.08Note *** (0.10) 0.34
Urban resident 0.31Note * (0.18) 1.36
Native-born -0.02 (0.23) 0.98
Parents' education  
Upper secondary 0.27 (0.18) 1.30
Higher than upper secondary 0.10 (0.17) 1.10
Education  
Upper secondary 1.12Note *** (0.18) 3.05
Higher than upper secondary 2.18Note *** (0.19) 8.84
Skill  
Levels 3, 4 and 5 0.03 (0.13) 1.04
… not applicable
* p<0.10, statistically significant at the 10 per cent level
** p<0.05, statistically significant at the 5 per cent level
*** p<0.01, statistically significant at the 1 per cent level
1. Experience was calculated as age minus years of education minus six.
2. Bermuda's entire population resides in urban areas, and therefore this variable was omitted from these models.
Notes: The response variable dichotomizes the population into those who reported earnings equivalent to half of their country's median earnings or less (0) and those who earned greater than half the median earnings (1).
The regressions were restricted to respondents in the labour force who reported positive, non-zero earnings.
Source: Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey, 2003 and 2008.

 

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