Table 3.4.4
Binary logistic regressions predicting the odds of earning more than half the median earnings by education and skill level, controlling for experience, gender, community size, nativity and parents' education, problem solving skills, Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey (ALL) 2003 and 2008
Standardized coefficients | |||
---|---|---|---|
β | standard error | odds ratio | |
Bermuda | |||
(Constant) | -0.83Note ** | (0.38) | 0.44 |
ExperienceNote 1 | 0.06Note *** | (0.01) | 1.06 |
Female | -0.69Note *** | (0.17) | 0.50 |
Urban residentNote 2 | … | … | … |
Native-born | 0.17 | (0.18) | 1.19 |
Parents' education | |||
Upper secondary | 0.06 | (0.27) | 1.06 |
Higher than upper secondary | -0.31 | (0.31) | 0.73 |
Education | |||
Upper secondary | 0.95Note ** | (0.35) | 2.57 |
Higher than upper secondary | 1.62Note *** | (0.34) | 5.06 |
Skill | |||
Levels 2, 3 and 4 | 0.76Note *** | (0.24) | 2.13 |
Canada | |||
(Constant) | -1.37Note *** | (0.20) | 0.25 |
ExperienceNote 1 | 0.07Note *** | (0.01) | 1.08 |
Female | -0.88Note *** | (0.08) | 0.42 |
Urban resident | 0.21Note ** | (0.09) | 1.23 |
Native-born | 0.09 | (0.13) | 1.10 |
Parents' education | |||
Upper secondary | 0.17 | (0.10) | 1.18 |
Higher than upper secondary | -0.13 | (0.09) | 0.88 |
Education | |||
Upper secondary | 0.89Note *** | (0.14) | 2.44 |
Higher than upper secondary | 2.01Note *** | (0.14) | 7.47 |
Skill | |||
Levels 2, 3 and 4 | 0.35Note ** | (0.13) | 1.41 |
Hungary | |||
(Constant) | -0.01 | (1.15) | 0.99 |
ExperienceNote 1 | 0.04Note *** | (0.01) | 1.04 |
Female | -0.35Note ** | (0.16) | 0.71 |
Urban resident | 0.42Note ** | (0.16) | 1.52 |
Native-born | 0.12 | (1.08) | 1.13 |
Parents' education | |||
Upper secondary | 0.30Note * | (0.17) | 1.35 |
Higher than upper secondary | 0.58Note * | (0.29) | 1.79 |
Education | |||
Upper secondary | 0.81Note *** | (0.22) | 2.26 |
Higher than upper secondary | 1.39Note *** | (0.30) | 4.01 |
Skill | |||
Levels 2, 3 and 4 | 0.52Note *** | (0.18) | 1.67 |
Italy | |||
(Constant) | 1.46Note *** | (0.70) | 4.30 |
ExperienceNote 1 | 0.04Note *** | (0.01) | 1.05 |
Female | -1.32Note *** | (0.21) | 0.27 |
Urban resident | 0.21 | (0.18) | 1.24 |
Native-born | -0.31 | (0.58) | 0.73 |
Parents' education | |||
Upper secondary | 0.11 | (0.21) | 1.11 |
Higher than upper secondary | -0.11 | (0.56) | 0.89 |
Education | |||
Upper secondary | 1.04Note *** | (0.22) | 2.83 |
Higher than upper secondary | 1.48Note *** | (0.27) | 4.41 |
Skill | |||
Levels 2, 3 and 4 | 0.13 | (0.22) | 1.14 |
Norway | |||
(Constant) | -1.15Note *** | (0.34) | 0.32 |
ExperienceNote 1 | 0.06Note *** | (0.01) | 1.06 |
Female | -0.55Note *** | (0.13) | 0.57 |
Urban resident | 0.46Note *** | (0.16) | 1.59 |
Native-born | 0.24 | (0.21) | 1.27 |
Parents' education | |||
Upper secondary | -0.14 | (0.14) | 0.87 |
Higher than upper secondary | -0.55Note *** | (0.11) | 0.58 |
Education | |||
Upper secondary | 0.59Note *** | (0.14) | 1.80 |
Higher than upper secondary | 1.28Note *** | (0.15) | 3.60 |
Skill | |||
Levels 2, 3 and 4 | 0.41Note * | (0.22) | 1.50 |
New Zealand | |||
(Constant) | -0.25 | (0.19) | 0.78 |
ExperienceNote 1 | 0.04Note *** | 0.00 | 1.05 |
Female | -1.10Note *** | (0.09) | 0.33 |
Urban resident | 0.08 | (0.12) | 1.08 |
Native-born | 0.19Note * | (0.10) | 1.21 |
Parents' education | |||
Upper secondary | 0.15 | (0.10) | 1.17 |
Higher than upper secondary | 0.00 | (0.13) | 1.00 |
Education | |||
Upper secondary | 0.33Note ** | (0.14) | 1.40 |
Higher than upper secondary | 1.08Note *** | (0.11) | 2.93 |
Skill | |||
Levels 2, 3 and 4 | 0.37Note ** | (0.14) | 1.45 |
Netherlands | |||
(Constant) | -0.39 | (0.39) | 0.68 |
ExperienceNote 1 | 0.05Note *** | (0.01) | 1.05 |
Female | -1.18Note *** | (0.15) | 0.31 |
Urban resident | 0.04 | (0.13) | 1.04 |
Native-born | 0.23 | (0.41) | 1.26 |
Parents' education | |||
Upper secondary | -0.07 | (0.17) | 0.93 |
Higher than upper secondary | -0.49 | (0.17) | 0.61 |
Education | |||
Upper secondary | 0.89Note *** | (0.16) | 2.43 |
Higher than upper secondary | 2.05Note *** | (0.20) | 7.74 |
Skill | |||
Levels 2, 3 and 4 | 0.35 | (0.21) | 1.42 |
SwitzerlandNote 3 | |||
(Constant) | -0.47 | (0.32) | 0.63 |
ExperienceNote 1 | 0.05 | (0.01) | 1.05 |
Female | -1.71Note *** | (0.14) | 0.18 |
Urban resident | 0.39Note * | (0.21) | 1.48 |
Native-born | -0.29 | (0.19) | 0.74 |
Parents' education | |||
Upper secondary | -0.15 | (0.18) | 0.86 |
Higher than upper secondary | -0.72Note *** | (0.17) | 0.48 |
Education | |||
Upper secondary | 1.74Note *** | (0.19) | 5.68 |
Higher than upper secondary | 3.11Note *** | (0.30) | 22.53 |
Skill | |||
Levels 2, 3 and 4 | 0.15 | (0.23) | 1.16 |
… not applicable * p<0.10, statistically significant at the 10 per cent level ** p<0.05, statistically significant at the 5 per cent level *** p<0.01, statistically significant at the 1 per cent level 1. Experience was calculated as age minus years of education minus six. 2. Bermuda's entire population resides in urban areas, and therefore this variable was omitted from these models. 3. These models for Switzerland apply to the German and French speaking communities only, since they did not field the problem solving skills domain in the Italian speaking community. Notes: The response variable dichotomizes the population into those who reported earnings equivalent to half of their country's median earnings or less (0) and those who earned greater than half the median earnings (1). The regressions were restricted to respondents in the labour force who reported positive, non-zero earnings. Source: Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey, 2003 and 2008. |
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