Chart 2
Higher education research and development intensity comparisons across G7 countries, 2019 to 2021

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Canada United Kingdom Germany G7 average France Japan United States Italy 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 Research and development intensity 20192019 20202020 20212021
Note(s):
The Group of Seven (G7) is an intergovernmental forum of the world's largest economies consisting of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States.
Source(s):
Tables 27-10-0025-01 and 36-10-0222-01, and the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development Science, Technology and Innovation Scoreboard.

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This is a bar clustered chart.

Higher education research and development intensity comparisons across G7 countries, 2019 to 2021, Research and development intensity
  2019 2020 2021
Canada 0.68 0.72 0.66
United Kingdom 0.63 0.66 0.66
Germany 0.55 0.59 0.57
G7 average 0.48 0.51 0.49
France 0.44 0.47 0.45
Japan 0.38 0.38 0.39
United States 0.37 0.38 0.36
Italy 0.33 0.35 0.35
Note(s):
The Group of Seven (G7) is an intergovernmental forum of the world's largest economies consisting of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States.
Source(s):
Tables 27-10-0025-01 and 36-10-0222-01, and the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development Science, Technology and Innovation Scoreboard.
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