Canadian Health Measures Survey - Bibliography - 2022

Background documentation

Health Reports articles

Bryan, Shirley, Marc St-Denis and Dana Wojtas. 2007. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Clinic operations and logistics." Health Reports. Supplement to Vol. 18. December. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-SPE. pp. 53 to 70.

Day, Brent, Renée Langlois, Mark Tremblay and Bartha-Maria Knoppers. 2007. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Ethical, legal and social issues." Health Reports. Supplement to Vol. 18. December. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-SPE. pp. 37 to 51.

Garriguet, Didier. 2008. "Impact of identifying plausible respondents on the under-reporting of energy intake in the Canadian Community Health Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 19, no. 4. October. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 47 to 55.

Giroux, Suzelle. 2007. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Sampling strategy overview." Health Reports. Supplement to Vol. 18. December. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-SPE. pp. 31 to 36.

Shields, Margot, Sarah Conner Gorber and Mark S. Tremblay. 2008. "Estimates of obesity based on self-report versus direct measures." Health Reports. Vol. 19, no. 2. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 61 to 76.

Tremblay, Mark S., Michael Wolfson and Sarah Connor Gorber. 2007. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Rationale, background and overview." Health Reports. Supplement to Vol. 18. December. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-SPE. pp. 7 to 20.

Tremblay, Mark, Renée Langlois, Shirley Bryan, Dale Esliger and Julienne Patterson. 2007. "Canadian Health Measures Survey Pre-test: Design, methods, results." Health Reports. Supplement to Vol. 18. December. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003- SPE. pp. 21 to 30.

External articles and publications

Canadian Institute for Health Information. 2004. "The Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health of the Nation. Vol. 1. Winter. p. 7.

Castle, David and Nola M. Ries. 2007. "Ethical, legal and social issues in nutrigenomics: the challenges of regulating service delivery and building health professional capacity." Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis. Vol. 622, no. 1-2. September. pp. 138 to 143.

Connor Gorber, Sarah, Mark Tremblay, D. Moher and B. Gorber. 2007. "A comparison of direct vs. self-report measures for assessing height, weight and body mass index: a systemic review." Obesity Reviews. Vol. 8, no. 4. pp. 307 to 326.

Dietitians of Canada. 2006. "New Statistics Canada survey to take direct physical measures of nutritional health." Members in Action. November. pp. 4 to 5.

Dewailly, Éric, Pierre Ayotte, Daria Pereg, Serge Déry, Renée Dallaire, Julie Fontaine, Suzanne Côté et Louis Rochette. 2008. "Exposition aux Métaux d'origine environnementale au Nunavik" Institut national de santé publique du Québec. Vol. 19, no. 2. Mars-Juin.

Équipe de l'Enquête canadienne sur les mesures de la santé. 2008. "Biosurveillance des substances chimiques de l'environnement." Bulletin d'information en santé environnementale. Vol. 19, no. 2. Mars-Juin. pp. 7 to 8.

Esliger, Dale W., Adam Probert, Sarah Connor Gorber, Shirley Bryan, Manon Laviolette and Mark S. Tremblay. 2007. "Validity of the Actical accelerometer step-count function." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. Vol. 39, no. 7. pp. 1200 to 1204.

Journal of the Canadian Dental Association. 2007. "Canadian Health Measures Survey Gets Underway." Journal of the Canadian Dental Association. Vol. 73, no. 2. March. p. 116.

---. 2009. "The JCDA Interview: Dr. Peter Cooney: Canada's Chief Dental Officer." Journal of the Canadian Dental Association. Vol. 75, no. 1. February. pp. 29 to 31.

Lavigne, Salme E, and Paul J Allison, (2022), "A Canadian national oral health survey—coming soon!", Can J Dent Hyg., 56(1):3-6, 01 February 2022.

Office of the Chief Dental Officer. 2007. "Statistics Canada's Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS)." Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene. Vol. 41, no. 3. May-June. pp. 151 to 153.

Probert, Adam W., Mark S. Tremblay and Sarah Conner Gorber. 2008. "Desk Potatoes - "The Importance of Occupational Physical Activity on Health." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 99, no. 4. July-August. pp. 311 to 318.

Science and Technology for Canadians, (2019), "The Canadian Health Measures Survey: How Our National Biomonitoring Survey Helps Us Stay Healthy", The Science of Health Blog, 19 March 2019.

Sommerfeld, J. and A. M. Oduola. 2007. "Health-related biotechnologies for infectious disease control in Africa: Ethical, Legal and Social Implications (ELSI) of transfer and development." African Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences. Vol. 36, no. 1-5.

Spence, John C. 2004. "The Canadian Health Measures Survey: Introduction: Why Should We Give a Hoot about this Survey?" WellSpring. Vol. 15, no. 3. October. p. 1.

Tremblay, Mark. 2004a. "The Canadian Health Measures Survey: Background to the Canadian Health Measures Survey" WellSpring. Vol. 15, no. 3. October. pp. 2 to 4.

---. 2004b. "The Need for Directly Measured Health in Canada." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 95, no. 3. May-June. pp. 165 to 166.

Tremblay, Mark S. and Sarah Connor Gorber. 2007. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Brief overview." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 98, no. 6. November- December. pp. 453 to 456.

Preliminary releases, cycle 1

Health Reports articles

Wong, Suzy and Ellen J.D. Lye. 2008. "Lead, mercury and cadmium levels in Canadians." Health Reports. Vol. 19, no. 4. December. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 31 to 36.

The Daily releases

Statistics Canada. 2008. "Study: Lead, mercury and cadmium levels in Canadians." The Daily. November 19. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2009. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Vitamin D blood plasma concentrations in the population." The Daily. July 2. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

Undetermined Cycles

External articles and publications

Cheta, Nicholas, 2021, Associations of Urinary Concentrations of Organophosphates and Pyrethroids with Obesity and Diabetes in Canadian Adults, uO Research, University of Ottawa, 13 September 2021.

Colpitts, Benjamin H., Colpitts, Andrea Mayo, Mathieu Bélanger, Danielle R. Bouchard, Jonathan Boudreau, Brittany V. Rioux, and Martin Sénéchal, 2021, Exploring the Association of a Total Physical Activity Energy Expenditure and Diabetes Mellitus in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey, Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, Vol. 19, No. 10, 3 Dec 2021.

Garcia-Barrios, Joshua, Mallory Drysdale, Mylène Ratelle, Éric Gaudreau, Alain Leblanc, Mary Gamberg, Brian D. Laird.2021. "Biomarkers of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in Sub-Arctic and Arctic communities in Canada." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health Vol. 235, June 2021

Cycle 1 (2007 to 2009)

Health Reports articles

Bryan, Shirley, Mathieu Saint-Pierre Larose, Norm Campbell, Janine Clarke and Mark S. Tremblay. 2010. "Resting blood pressure and heart rate measurement in the Canadian Health Measures Survey, cycle 1." Health Reports. Vol. 21, no. 1. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 71 to 78.

Bushnik, Tracey, Douglas A. Haines, Patrick Levallois, Johanne Levesque, Jay Van Oostdam and Claude Viau. 2010. "Lead and bisphenol A concentrations in the Canadian population." Health Reports. Vol. 21, no. 3. September. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 7 to 18.

Colapinto, Cynthia K., Deborah L. O'Connor, Lise Dubois and Mark S. Tremblay. 2012. "Prevalence and correlates of folic acid supplement use in Canada." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 2. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 39 to 44.

Colley, Rachel C., Didier Garriguet, Ian Janssen, Cora L. Craig, Janine Clarke and Mark S. Tremblay. 2011a. "Physical activity of Canadian adults: Accelerometer results from the 2007 to 2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 22, no. 1. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 7 to 14.

---. 2011b. "Physical activity of Canadian children and youth: Accelerometer results from the 2007 to 2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 22, no. 1. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 15 to 23.

Colley, Rachel C., Sarah Connor Gorber and Mark S. Tremblay. 2010. "Quality control and data reduction procedures for accelerometry-derived measures of physical activity." Health Reports. Vol. 21, no. 1. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 63 to 69.

Colley, Rachel C., Suzy L. Wong, Didier Garriguet, Ian Janssen, Sarah Connor Gorber and Mark S. Tremblay. 2012. "Physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep in Canadian children: Parent-report versus direct measures and relative associations with health risk." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 2. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 45 to 52.

Evans, Jessica, Yue Chen, Pat G. Camp, Dennis M. Bowie and Louise McRae. 2014. "Estimating the prevalence of COPD in Canada: Reported diagnosis versus measured airflow obstruction." Health Reports. Vol. 25, no. 3. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 3 to 11.

Garriguet, Didier and Rachel C. Colley. 2012. "Daily patterns of physical activity among Canadians." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 2. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 27 to 32.

Langlois, Kellie, Linda Greene-Finestone, Julian Little, Nick Hidiroglou and Susan Whiting. 2010. "Vitamin D status of Canadians as measured in the 2007 to 2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 21, no. 1. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 47 to 54.

Paradis, Gilles, Mark S. Tremblay, Ian Janssen, Arnaud Chiolero and Tracey Bushnik. 2010. "Blood pressure in Canadian children and adolescents." Health Reports. Vol. 21, no. 2. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 15 to 22.

Shields, Margot, Mark S. Tremblay, Manon Laviolette, Cora L. Craig, Ian Janssen and

Sarah Connor Gorber. 2010. "Fitness of Canadian adults: Results from the 2007-2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 21, no. 1. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 21 to 35.

Shields, Margot, Sarah Connor Gorber, Ian Janssen and Mark S. Tremblay. 2011a. "Bias in self-reported estimates of obesity in Canadian health surveys: An update on correction equations for adults." Health Reports. Vol. 22, no. 3. September. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 35 to 45.

---. 2011b. "Obesity estimates for children based on parent-reported versus direct measures." Health Reports. Vol. 22, no. 3. September. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 47 to 58.

---. 2012a. "Abdominal obesity and cardiovascular disease risk factors within body mass index categories." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 2. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 7 to 15.

---. 2012b. "Measures of abdominal obesity within body mass index categories, 1981 and 2007 to 2009." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 2. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 33 to 38.

Tremblay, Mark S., Margot Shields, Manon Laviolette, Cora L. Craig, Ian Janssen andSarah Connor Gorber. 2010. "Fitness of Canadian children and youth: Results from the 2007-2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 21, no. 1. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 7 to 20.

Wilkins, Kathryn, Marianne Gee and Norm Campbell. 2012. "The difference in hypertension control between older men and women." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 4. December. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 33 to 40.

Wilkins, Kathryn, Norman Campbell, Michel R. Joffres, Finlay A. McAlister, Marianne Nichol, Susan Quach, Helen L. Johansen and Mark S. Tremblay. 2010. "Blood pressure in Canadian adults." Health Reports. Vol. 21, no. 1. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 37 to 46.

Wong, Suzy L., Margot Shields, Scott Leatherdale, Eric Malaison and David Hammond. 2012. "Assessment of validity of self-reported smoking status." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 1. February. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 37 to 46.

The Daily releases

Statistics Canada. 2010a. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Body composition and fitness, 2007 to 2009." The Daily. January 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001- X.

---. 2010b. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Blood pressure in adults, 2007 to 2009." The Daily. February 17. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2010c. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Cholesterol and vitamin D levels, 2007 to 2009." The Daily. March 23. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2010d. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Blood pressure in children and adolescents, 2007 to 2009." The Daily. May 19. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2010e. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Lead, bisphenol A and mercury, 2007 to 2009." The Daily. August 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2010f. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: data on physical activity, 2007 to 2009." The Daily. November 23. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2011a. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Physical activity of youth and adults, 2007 to 2009." The Daily. January 19. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2011b. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Adult obesity prevalence in Canada and the United States, 2007 to 2009." The Daily. March 2. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

Health fact sheets

---. 2010g. "Aerobic fitness in Canada 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. January 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2010h. "Body composition of Canadian adults 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. January 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2010i. "Body mass index (BMI) for children and youth 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. January 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2010j. "Lung function results 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. January 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2010k. "Muskuloskeletal fitness in Canada 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. January 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2010l. "Oral health: Edentulous people in Canada 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. January 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2010m. "Heart health and cholesterol levels of Canadians 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. March 23. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2010n. "Vitamin D status of Canadians 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. March 23. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2010o. "Bisphenol A concentrations in the Canadian population, 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. August 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2010p. "Lead concentrations in the Canadian population, 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. August 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2010q. "Mercury concentrations in the Canadian population, 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. August 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2011c. "Adult obesity prevalence in Canada and the United States." Health Fact Sheets. March 2. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2011d. "Physical activity levels of Canadian adults, 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. September 28. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2011e. "Physical activity levels of Canadian children and youth, 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. September 28. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

Data tables

---. 2010r. Canadian Health Measures Survey: Cycle 1 Data Tables, 2007 to 2009 (table). Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-623-X.Ottawa, Ontario. 70 p.

External articles and publications

Adamo, Kristi B., Kellie A. Langlois, Kendra E. Brett and Rachel C. Colley. 2012. "Young children and parental physical activity levels: Findings from the Canadian Health Measures Survey." American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Vol. 43, no. 2. August. pp. 168 to 175.

Allison, P. J., T. Bailey, L. Beattie, S. Birch, L. Dempster and N. Edwards. 2014. "Improving access to oral health care for vulnerable people living in Canada." Ottawa, ON: Canadian Academy of Health Sciences.

Angerer, Jurgen, Lesa L. Aylward, Sean M. Hays, Birger Heinzow and Michael Wilhelm. 2011. "Human biomonitoring assessment values: Apporaches and data requirements." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. Vol. 214, no. 5. September. pp. 348 to 360.

Arbuckle, TE., Davis, K., Boylan, K., Fisher, M., Fu, J. 2016 "Bisphenol A, phthalates and lead and learning and behavioral problems in Canadian children 6 - 11 years of age: CHMS 2007 - 2009" Elsevier, NeuroToxicology, Vol. 54, May 2016, pp. 89-98

Arbuckle, TE., Davis, K., Boylan, K., Fisher, M., Fu, J. "Proceed data for CHMS 2007-2009: Bisphenol A, phthalates and lead and learning and behavioral problems in Canadian children 6 - 19 years of age" Elsevier, NeuroToxicology, Vol. 8, September 2016, pp. 784-802

Arora, Paul, Priya Vasa, Darren Brenner, Karl Iglar, Phil McFarlane, Howard Morrison and Alaa Badawi. 2013. "Prevalence estimates of chronic kidney disease in Canada: Results of a nationally representative survey." Canadian Medical Association Journal. Vol. 185, no. 9. June. pp. E417 to E423.

Atwood, Kristin M., Cynthia J. Robitaille, Kim Reimer, Sulan Dai, Helen L. Johansen and Mark J. Smith. 2013. "Comparison of diagnosed, self-reported, and physically-measured hypertension in Canada." Canadian Journal of Cardiology. Vol. 29, no. 5. May. pp. 606 to 612.

Aylward, Lesa L., Evan Green, Miquel Porta, Leisa-Maree Toms, Elly Den Hond, Christine Schulz, Magda Gasull, Jose Pumarega, André Conrad, Marike Kolossa- Gehring, Greet Schoeters and Jochen F. Mueller. 2014. "Population variation in biomonitoring data for persistent organic pollutants (POPs): an examination of multiple population-based datasets for application to Australian pooled biomonitoring data." Environment International. Vol. 68. July. pp. 127 to 138.

Badawi, A, S Sayegh, E Sadoun, M Al-Thani, P Arora and PS Haddad. 2014 "Relationship between insulin resistance and plasma vitamin D in adults." Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy. July Vol. 7 pp 297-303.

Bonnet, Colin, Rasheda Rabbani, Michael E. K. Moffatt, Anastasia Kelekis-Cholakis and Robert Schroth. 2019. "The relation between periodontal disease and vitamin D." Journal of the Canadian Dental Association. Vol. 85. pp. 1 to 9.

Brenner, Darren R., Paul Arora, Bibiana García-Bailo, Howard Morrison, Ahmed El- Sohemy, Mohamed Karmali and Alaa Badawi. 2011. "The relationship between inflammation, metabolic syndrome and markers of cardiometabolic disease among Canadian adults." Journal of Diabetes & Metabolism. Vol. 2, no. 9. December.

Brenner, Darren R., Paul Arora, Bibiana García-Bailo, Thomas M.S. Wolever, Howard Morrison, Ahmed El-Sohemy, Mohamed Karmali and Alaa Badawi. 2011. "Plasma vitamin D levels and risk of metabolic syndrome in Canadians." Clinical and Investigative Medicine. Vol. 34, no. 6. December. pp. E377 to E384.

Cakmak, Sabit, Robert E. Dales, Blanco, C.V. (2016). "Does emotional health influence susceptibility to the physiologic effects of air pollution on adults?", International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 537-545, 31 August 2016.

Cakmak, Sabit, Robert E. Dales, C. Hebbern and Gurusankar Saravanabhavan. 2014. "The association between urinary phthalates and lung function." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Vol. 56, no. 4. April. pp. 376 to 381.

Cakmak, Sabit, Robert Dales, Judith Leech and Ling Liu. 2011. "The influence of air pollution on cardiovascular and pulmonary function and exercise capacity: Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS)." Environmental Research. Vol. 111, no. 8. November. pp. 1309 to 1312.

Chari, Malini, Vahid Ravaghi, Wael Sabbah, Noha Gomaa, Sonica Singhal, Carlos Quiñonez, (2022), "Oral health inequality in Canada, the United States and United Kingdom", PLOSE ONE, 04 May 2022.

Colapinto, Cynthia K, Deborah L. O'Connor, Lise Dubois, Mark S. Tremblay. 2015. "Prevalence and correlates of high red blood cell folate concentrations in the Canadian population using 3 proposed cut-offs.". Applied. Physiology. Nutrition and . Metabolism. October.

Chu, Anna, Deirdre Hennessy, Sharon Johnston, Jacob Udell, Dennis Ko, Anam Khan, Jing Jia and Jack Tu. 2018 "Linking big data for cardiovascular health surveillance - opportunities and challenges using the CANHEART cohort." International Journal of Population Data Science Vol. 3, no. 4. September.

Clarke, Janine and Ian Janssen. 2014. "Sporadic and bouted physical activity and the metabolic syndrome in adults." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. Vol. 46, no. 1. January. pp. 76 to 83.

Colapinto, Cynthia K., Deborah L. O'Connor and Mark S. Tremblay. 2011. "Folate status of the population in the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Canadian Medical Association Journal. Vol. 183, no. 2. February. pp. E100 to E106.

Colapinto, Cynthia K., Deborah L. O'Connor, L. Dubois and Mark S. Tremblay. 2012. "Folic acid supplement use is the most significant predictor of folate concentrations in Canadian women of childbearing age". Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism. Vol. 37, no. 2. pp. 284 to 292.

Colapinto, Cynthia K., Mark S. Tremblay, Susanne Aufreiter, Tracey Bushnik, Christine M. Pfeiffer and Deborah L. O'Connor. 2014. "The direction of the difference between Canadian and American erythrocyte folate concentrations is dependent on the assay method employed: a comparison of the Canadian Health Measures Survey and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey". British Journal of Nutrition. August. pp. 1 to 9.

Colley, Rachel C., Didier Garriguet, Ian Janssen, Suzy L. Wong, Travis J. Saunders, Valerie Carson and Mark S. Tremblay. 2013. "The association between accelerometer- measured patterns of sedentary time and health risk in children and youth: results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey." BMC Public Health. Vol. 13, no. 200. March.

Colley, Rachel C., Didier Garriguet, Kristi B. Adamo, Valerie Carson, Ian Janssen, Brian W. Timmons and Mark S. Tremblay. 2013. "Physical activity and sedentary behavior during the early years in Canada: a cross-sectional study." International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. Vol. 10, no. 54.

Colley, Rachel C., Ian Janssen and Mark S. Tremblay. 2012. "Daily step target to measure adherence to physical activity guidelines in children." Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercise. Vol. 44, no. 5. May. pp. 977 to 982.

Colley, Rachel C. and Mark S. Tremblay. 2011. "Moderate and vigorous physical activity intensity cut-points for the Actical accelerometer." Journal of Sports Sciences. Vol. 29, no. 8. May. pp. 783 to 789.

Collins, Kelsey H., Behnam Sharif, Claudia Sanmartin, Raylene A. Reimer, Walter Herzog, Rick Chin and Deborah A. Marshall. 2016. "Association of body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat among BMI-defined non-obese middle-aged individuals: Insights from a population-based Canadian sample." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 107, no. 6. November. pp. e520 to e525.

Cooney, P., 2010. "Preface to the Canadian Health Measures Survey results Oral health statistics, 2007-2009" Chronic Diseases in Canada. Vol. 30, no. 4 September. pp. 115 to 116

Craig, Cora L., Margot Shields, Allana G. Leblanc and Mark S. Tremblay. 2012. "Trends in aerobic fitness among Canadians, 1981 to 2007 - 2009." Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism. Vol. 37, no. 3. pp. 511 to 519.

Crane, Connie Jeske. 2014. "Getting girls to stay in the game." Herizons. Vol. 27, no. 3. Winter. pp. 7 to 9.

Curren, Meredith. 2017. "Special analysis of metals in adults from Cycle 1 of the CHMS and which excludes children (18-79)". NCP CACAR IV Report. May.

Cushman, Reid, A. Michael Froomkinb, Anita Cavac, Patricia Abrilc and Kenneth W. Goodman. 2010. "Ethical, legal and social issues for personal health records and applications." Journal of Biomedical Informatics. Vol. 43, no. 5. October. pp. S51 to S55.

Czoli, Christine D. and David Hammond. 2014. "TSNA exposure: Levels of NNAL among Canadian tobacco users." Nicotine and Tobacco Research. Vol. 17, no. 7. July. pp. 825 to 830.

Da Costa, Laura A., Paul Arora, Bibiana García-Bailo, Mohamed Karmali, Ahmed El- Sohemy and Alaa Badewi. 2012. "The association between obesity, cardiometabolic disease biomarkers, and innate immunity-related inflammation in Canadian adults." Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy. Vol. 2012, no. 5. October. pp. 347 to 355.

Dales, Robert E., Sabit Cakmak, Judith Leech and Ling Liu. 2013. "The association between personal care products and lung function." Annals of Epidemiology. Vol. 23, no. 2. February. pp. 49 to 53.

Duncan, L. and Ashley Bonner. 2014. "Effects of income and dental insurance coverage on need for dental care in Canada." Journal of Canadian Dental Association. Vol. 80, no. 6. pp. 1 to 9.

Elani, Hawazin W., Sam Harper, P.J. Allison, C. Bedos and J.S. Kaufman. 2012."Socio- economic inequalities and oral health in Canada and the United States." Journal of Dental Research. Vol. 9, no. 91. September. pp. 865 to 870.

Elani, Hawazin W., Sam Harper, William Murray Thomson, Iris L. Espinoza, Gloria C. Mejia, Xiangqun Ju, Lisa M. Jamieson, Ichiro Kawachi and Jay S. Kaufman. 2017. "Social inequalities in tooth loss: A multinational comparison." Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. Vol. 45, no. 3. February. pp. 266 to 274.

Farmer, Julie. 2015. "Measuring the magnitude of oral health inequalities within and between Canada the United States from 1970 to 2009. Graduate Department of Dentistry." Toronto, ON: University of Toronto.

Fernandez, Lois, Penny Jee, Mari-Jill Klein, Peter Fischer, Sherry L. Perkins and Stephen P.J. Brooks. 2013. "A comparison of glucose concentration in paired specimens collected in serum separator and fluoride/potassium oxalate blood collection tubes under survey 'field' conditions." Clinical Biochemistry. Vol. 46, no. 4 to 5. March. pp. 285 to 288.

Finlay, A. MD McAlister, MSc, Cynthia Robitaille MSc, Cathleen Gillespie PhD, Keming Yuan MS, Deepa P Rao. MS, Steven Grover MD, MPA, Sulan Dai Md, PhD, Helen Johansen PhD, Michel Joffres MD, PhD, Fleetwood Loustalot PhD, FNP and Norm Campbell MD. 2013 "The Impact of Cardiovascular Risk-Factor Profiles on Blood Pressure Control Rates in Adults from Canada and the United States." Canadian Journal of Cardiology. Vol 29, no. 5 p. 598-605

Fisher, Mandy, Tye E. Arbuckle, Mike Wade and Douglas A. Haines. 2013. "Do perfluoroalkyl substances affect metabolic function and plasma lipids? - Analysis of the 2007 - 2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) Cycle 1." Environmental Research. Vol. 121. February. pp. 95 to 103.

Galloway, Tracey, Kue. Young and Grace M. Egeland. 2010. "Emerging obesity among preschool-aged Canadian Inuit children: results from the Nunavut Inuit Child Health Survey." International journal of circumpolar health. Vol. 69, no. 2. March. pp. 151 to 157.

García-Bailo, Bibiana, Laura Da Costa, Paul Arora, Mohamed Karmali, Ahmed El- Sohemy and Alaa Badewi. 2013. "Plasma vitamin D and biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease risk in adult Canadians, 2007-2009." Preventing Chronic Disease. Vol. 10.

Gee, Marianne E., Asako Bienek, Finlay A. McAlister, Cynthia Robitaille, Michel Joffres, Mark S. Tremblay, Helen Johansen and Norman R.C. Campbell. 2012. "Factors associated with lack of awareness and uncontrolled high blood pressure among Canadian adults with hypertension." Canadian Journal of Cardiology. Vol. 28, no. 3. May. pp. 375 to 382.

Gee, Marianne E., Ian Janssen, William Pickett, Finlay A. McAlister, Christina M. Bancej, Michel Joffres, Helen Johansen and Norman R.C. Campbell. 2012. "Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension Among Canadian Adults With Diabetes, 2007 to 2009." Canadian Journal of Cardiology. Vol. 28, no. 3. May. pp. 367 to 374.

Geier, D. A., and M. R. Geier, (2022), "Dental amalgam fillings and mercury vapor safety limits in American adults", Human & Experimental Toxicology, 41 (2022): 09603271221106341, 04 June 2022.

Gibson, Lindsay Ellen. 2014. "Beverage consumption patterns and oral health outcomes: Do milk and water confer protective benefits against sugary- or acidic- beverage consumption?" Health Studies and Gerontology. Waterloo, ON: Waterloo University.

Gibson, Lindsay Ellen. 2014. "Beverage consumption patterns and oral health outcomes: Do milk and water confer protective benefits against sugary- or acidic- beverage consumption?" Health Studies and Gerontology. Waterloo, ON: Waterloo University.

Gravel, Sabrina, Jérôme Lavoué and France Labrèche. 2017. "Workers' exposure to brominated flame retardants: A glance at American and Canadian population databases." Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Vol. 74, no. 1. pp. A128 to A129.

Gravel, Sabrina, Jérôme Lavoué and France Labrèche. 2018. "Exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in American and Canadian workers: Biomonitoring data from two national surveys." Science of the Total Environment. Vol. 631 to 632. August. pp. 1465 to 1471.

Greene-Finestone, Linda S., Kellie A. Langlois and Susan J. Whiting. 2013. "Characteristics of users of supplements containing vitamin D in Canada and associations between dose and 25-hydroxvitamin D." Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism. Vol. 38, no. 7, July. pp. 707 to 715.

Greenfield, Jamie, Philip S. Park, Ellie Farahani, Suneil Malik, Reinhold Vieth, Norman A McFarlane, Theodore G. Shepherd and Julia A Knight. 2012. "Solar ultraviolet-B radiation and vitamin D: a cross-sectional population-based study using data from the 2007 to 2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey." BMC Public Health. Vol. 12, no. 1. pp. 660 to 669.

Grenon, Gordon Lee. 2013. "Persistent organic pollutants and type II diabetes mellitus." Faculty of Health Sciences. Burnaby, BC: Simon Fraser University.

Gurusankar, Saravanabhavan, Mireille Guay, Éric Langlois, Suzelle Giroux, Janine Murray and Douglas Haines. 2013. "Biomonitoring of phthalate metabolites in the Canadian population through the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007-2009)." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. Vol. 216, no. 6. November. pp. 652 to 661.

Gurusankar, Saravanabhavan, Mireille Guay, Mike Walker, Lesa Aylward. 2014. "Urinary excretion and daily intake rates of diethyl phthalate in the general Canadian population." Science of the Total Environment. Vol. 500-501, December. pp. 191 to 198.

Haines, Douglas A. and Janine Murray. 2012. "Human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals - "Early results of the 2007-2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey for males and females." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. Vol. 215, no. 2. February. pp. 133 to 137.

Haines, Douglas A., Tye E. Arbuckle, Ellen Lye, Melissa Legrand, Mandy Fisher, Renée Langlois and William Fraser. 2011. "Reporting results of human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals to study participants: a comparison of approaches followed in two Canadian studies." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. Vol. 65, no. 3. March. pp. 191 to 198.

Haines, Douglas A., Melissa Legrand, Tye E. Arbuckle, Jay Van Oosldam, Robert W. Dabeka, Constantine Tikhonov et William Fraser. 2012. "Examples of Ongoing International Surveys: Canada". Biomarkers and Human Biomonitoring. Vol. 1. pp. 79- 106.

Hajna, Samantha, Kaberi Dasgupta and Nancy A. Ross. 2018. "Laboratory-assessed markers of cardiometabolic health and associations with GIS-based measures of active- living environments." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. Vol. 15, no. 10. July. pp. 1 to 11.

Hajna, Samantha, Nancy A. Ross, Lawrence Joseph, Sam Haper and Kaberi Dasgupta. 2015. "Neighbourhood walkability, daily steps and utilitarian walking in Canadian adults." BMJ Open. vol. 5, no. 11. November. pp. 1 to 10.

Hayes, Alyssa, Amir Azarpazhooh, Laura Dempster, Vahid Ravaghi and Carlos Quiñonez. 2013. "Time loss due to dental problems and treatment in the Canadian population: analysis of a nationwide cross-sectional survey." BMC Oral Health. Vol.13, April.

Health Canada. 2010a. Overview of the Report on Human Biomonitoring of Environmental Chemicals in Canada. Ottawa, Ontario. Minister of Health. 7 p.

---. 2010b. Report on Human Biomonitoring of Environmental Chemicals in Canada Results of the Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycle 1 (2007 - 2009). Ottawa, Ontario. Minister of Health. 283 p.

---. 2010c. Report on the Findings of the Oral Health Component of the Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007 - 2009. Ottawa, Ontario. Minister of Health. 111 p.

---. 2010d. Summary Report on the Findings of the Oral Health Component of the Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007 - 2009. Ottawa, Ontario. Minister of Health. 19 p.

---. 2010e. Report on Human Biomonitoring of Environmental Chemicals in Canada. Ottawa, Ontario. Minister of Health. August 283p.

---. 2013a. Final Human Health State of the Science Report on Lead. Ottawa, Ontario. Minister of Health. 101 p.

---. 2013b. Risk Management Strategy for Lead. Ottawa, Ontario. Minister of Health. 63 p.

Héroux, M., V. Onywera, Mark. S. Tremblay, K. B. Adamo, J. L. Taylor, E. J. Ulloa and I Janssen. 2013. "The relation between aerobic fitness, muscular fitness and obesity in children from three countries at different stages of the physical activity transition." ISRN Obesity. Vol. 2013. 10 p.

Higgins, Benjamin Roscoe. 2013. "Exploring relationships between socio-economic status and the health correlates of excess weight among Canadians." Department of Sociology. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary.

Jamieson, L. M., H.W. Elani, G. C. Mejia, X. Ju, I. Kawachi, S. Harper, W. M. Thomson and J. S. Kaufman. 2016. "Inequalities in Indigenous oral health: Findings from Australia, New Zealand, and Canada." Journal of Dental Research. Vol. 95, no. 12. November. pp. 1375 to 1380.

Janssen, Ian. 2012. "Health care costs of physical inactivity in Canadian adults." Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism. Vol. 37, no. 4. pp. 803 to 806.

Janssen, Ian, Margot Shields, Cora L. Craig and Mark S. Tremblay. 2011. "Prevalence and secular changes in abdominal obesity in Canadian adolescents and adults, 1981 to 2007-2009." Obesity Reviews. Vol. 12, no. 6. June. pp. 397 to 405.

---. 2012. "Changes in the obesity phenotype within Canadian children and adults, 1981 to 2007-2009." Obesity. Vol. 20, no. 4. April. pp. 916 to 919.

Janssen, Ian, Suzy L. Wong, Rachel Colley and Mark S. Tremblay. 2013. "The fractionalization of physical activity throughout the week is associated with the cardiometabolic health of children and youth." BMC Public Health. Vol. 13. June.

Joffres, Michel, Margot Shields, Mark S. Tremblay and Sarah Connor Gorber. 2013. "Dyslipidemia prevalence, treatment, control, and awareness in the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 104, no. 3. May-June. pp. E252 to E257.

Kaur, Inderpreet, (2019), "An analysis of the association of diet, oral health and obesity in Canadian adults", [Master's thesis], Applied Health Services Research. Fredericton, NB: University of New Brunswick, August 2019.

Keboya, Solange Feseke. 2014. "L'association entre les niveaux d'arsenic urinaire et la prévalence du diabète de type 2 au Canada." Épidémiologie. Québec, QC: Université Laval.

Khan, Sara. 2013. "Adiposity and Pulmonary Function: Analysis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey" Ottawa University Theses.

Khan, Sara, Julian Little and Yue Chen. 2014. "Relationship between adiposity and pulmonary function in school-aged Canadian children." Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology. Vol. 27, no. 3. September. pp. 126 to 132.

Khan, Sarah, Xiao-Mei Mai and Yue Chen. 2013. "Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D associated with pulmonary function in Canadian adults with excess adiposity." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Vol. 98, no. 1. pp. 174 to 179.

---. 2014. "The link between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and lung function in general and asthmatic children." Pediatric allergy, immunology and pulmonology. Vol. 27, no. 2. June. pp. 87 to 91.

Kuhle, Stefan, Christina Fung and Paul J. Veugelers. 2013. "Medication use in normal weight and overweight children in a nationally representative sample of Canadian children." Archives of Diseases in Childhood. Vol. 97, no. 9. September. pp. 842 to 847.

L'Abbe, Mary R., Ying Qi, Marcia Cooper and Wendy Lou. 2011. "Iron bioavailability of the diets of Canadians." The FASEB Journal. Vol. 25, no. 1.

LaKind, Judy S., Johanne Levesque, Pierre Dumas, Shirley Bryan, Janine Clarke and Daniel Q. Naiman. 2012. "Comparing United States and Canadian population exposures from national biomonitoring surveys: Bisphenol A intake as a case study." Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. Vol. 22, no. 3. May. pp. 219 to 226.

Landry, Denise. 2013. "Interrelationships between vitamin D and body mass index and waist circumference in Canada." Epidemiology & Community Medicine. Ottawa, ON: University of Ottawa. 120 p.

Larouche, Richard, G. E. J. Faulkner, M. Fortier and Mark S. Tremblay. 2014. "Active transportation and adolescents' health: The Canadian Health Measures Survey." American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Vol. 46, no. 5. pp. 507 to 515.

Larouche, Richard, Louis Laurencelle, Roy J. Shephard and François Trudeau. 2012. "Life transitions in the waning of physical activity from childhood to adult life in the Trois-Rivières study." Journal of Physical Activity and Health. Vol. 9, no. 4. May. pp. 516 to 524.

Larouche, Richard, Meghann Lloyd, Emily Knight and Mark S. Tremblay. 2011. "Relationship between active school transport and body mass index in grades 4 to 6 children." Pediatric Exercise Science. Vol. 23, no. 3. August. pp. 322 to 330.

Lye, Ellen, Melissa Legrand, Janine Clarke and Adam Probert. 2013. "Blood total mercury concentrations in the Canadian population: Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1, 2007-2009." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 104, no. 3. May-June. pp. E246 to E251.

MacFarlane, Amanda J., Linda S. Greene-Finestone and Yipu Shi. 2011. "Vitamin B-12 and homocysteine status in a folate-replete population: results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Vol. 94, no. 4. October. pp. 1079 to 1087.

Maximova, Katerina, Stefan Kuhle, Zachary Davidson, Christina Fung and Paul J. Veugelers. 2013. "Cardiovascular risk factor profiles of normal and overweight children and adolescents: insights from the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Canadian Journal of Cardiology. Vol. 29, no. 8. August. pp. 976 to 982.

McAlister, Finlay A., Cynthia Robitaille, Cathleen Gillespie, Keming Yuan, Deepa P. Rao, Steven Grover, Sulan Dai, Helen Johansen, Michel Joffres, Fleetwood Loustalot and Norm Campbell. 2013. "The impact of cardiovascular risk-factor profiles on blood pressure control rates in adults from Canada and the United States." Canadian Journal of Cardiology. Vol. 29, no. 5. May. pp. 598 to 605.

McAlister, Finlay A., Kathryn Wilkins, Michel Joffres, Frans H.H. Leenen, George Fodor, Marianne Gee, Mark S. Tremblay, Robin Walker, Helen Johansen and Norm Campbell. 2011. "Changes in the rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Canada over the past two decades." Canadian Medical Association Journal. Vol. 183, no. 9. June. pp. 1007-1013.

Nicolae, Alexandra, Harry Ames and Carlos Quiñonez. 2013. "Dental amalgam and urinary mercury concentrations: a descriptive study ." BMC Oral Health. Vol. 13, no. 44. September.

Niruban, Selvanayagam John. 2014. "Association between asthma and vitamin D in children, adolescents and adults." Department of Public Health Sciences. Edmonton, AB: University of Alberta.

Niruban, Selvanayagam John, K. Alagiakrishnan, J. Beach and A. Senthilselvan. 2014. "Association of vitamin D with respiratory outcomes in Canadian children."European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Vol. 68, no. 12. July.

Niruban, SJ, K Alagiakrishnan, J Beach and A Senthilselvan. 2015. "Association between vitamin D and respiratory outcomes in Canadian adolescents and adults." Journal of Asthma. June. Vol. 52, no. 7 pp 653-61.

Onywera, V. O., M. Héroux, E. J. Ulloa, K. B. Adamo, J. L. Taylor, I. Janssen and Mark S. Tremblay. 2013. "Adiposity and physical activity among children in countries at different stages of the physical activity transition: Canada, Mexico and Kenya." African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance. Vol. 19, no. 1. pp. 134 to 144.

Ornek, Mustafa. 2016. "The BMI: Measurement, physician costs and distributional decomposition. Health Policy PhD Program." Hamilton, ON: McMaster University.

Oulhote, Youssef, Jonathan Chevrier and Maryse F. Bouchard. 2015. "Exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hypothyroidism in Canadian women." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. Vol. 101, no. 2. pp. 590 to 598.

Oulhote, Youssef and Maryse Bouchard. 2013a. "Pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides and behavioral problems, CHMS." American Journal of Epidemiology. Vol. 177. June.

---. 2013b. "Urinary metabolites of organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides and behavioral problems in Canadian children." Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 121, no. 11-12. November-December. pp. 1378 to 1384.

Padwal, Raj S., Hsui-Ju Chang, Scott Klarenbach, Arya M. Sharma and Sumit R. Majumdar. 2012. "Characteristics of the population eligible for and receiving publicly funded bariatric surgery in Canada." International Journal for Equity in Health. Vol. 11. September.

Ramraj, Chantel. 2012. "Dental treatment needs in the Canadian population." Faculty of Dentistry. Toronto, ON: University of Toronto. pp. 1 to 103.

Ramraj, Chantel, Amir Azarpazhooh, Laura Dempster, Vahid Ravaghi and Carlos Quiñonez. 2012. "Dental treatment needs in the Canadian population: analysis of a nationwide cross-sectional survey." BMC Oral Health. Vol. 12. October.

Ramraj, Chantel, L. Sadeghi, H.P. Lawrence, L. Dempster, and C. Quiñonez. 2013. "Is accessing dental care becoming more difficult? Evidence from Canada's middle-income population." PLOS ONE. Vol. 8, no. 2. February.

Rao, Deepa P, Dai, Sulan, Claudia Lagacé and Daniel Krewski. 2014. "Metabolic Syndrome and Chronic Disease." Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada. Vol. 34, no. 1. February.

Ravaghi, Vahid, Carlos Quiñonez and Paul J. Allison. 2013a. "Comparing inequalities in oral and general health: Findings of the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 104, no. 7. pp. E466 to E471.

---. 2013b. "The magnitude of oral health inequalities in Canada: Findings of the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. Vol. 41, no. 6. pp. 490 to 498.

---. 2013c. "Oral pain and its covariates: findings of a Canadian population-based study." Journal of the Canadian Dental Association. Vol. 79, no. (d3). pp. 1 to 9.

Rawn, Dorothea F.K., J. Jake Ryan, Amy R. Sadler, Wing-Fun Sun, Douglas Haines, Kristin Macey and Jay Van Oostdam. 2012. "PCDD/F and PCB concentrations in sera from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) from 2007 to 2009." Environment International. Vol. 47, no. 15. October. pp. 48 to 55.

Rawn, Dorothea F.K., J. Jake Ryan, Amy R. Sadler, Wing-Fun Sun, Douglas Haines, Kristin Macey and Jay Van Oostdam. 2012. "PCDD/F and PCB concentrations in sera from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) from 2007 to 2009." Environment International. Vol. 47, no. 15. October. pp. 48 to 55.

Rawn, Dorothea F.K., J. Jake Ryan, Amy R. Sadler, Wing-Fun Sun, Dorcas Weber, Patrick Laffey, Douglas Haines, Kristin Macey and Jay Van Oostdam. 2014. "Brominated flame retardant concentrations in sera from the Canadian Health Measures survey (CHMS) from 2007 to 2009." Environment International. Vol. 63. February. pp. 26 to 34

Richardson, G. Mark. 2012. "Evidence that bisphenol-a exposure is not associated with composite resin dental fillings." Pediatrics. Vol. 130, no. 2. pp. 1.

---. 2013. "2013 Canadian exposure factors handbook: Life expectancy, body dimensions, inhalation, time-activity, and soil ingestion." Saskatoon, SK: University of Saskatchewan, Toxicology Centre. 60 p.

---. 2014. "Mercury exposure and risks from dental amalgam in Canada: The Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007-2009." Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal. Vol.20, no. 2. pp. 433 to 447.

Riediger, Natalie D. and Ian Clara. 2011. "Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the Canadian adult population." Canadian Medical Association Journal. Vol. 183, no. 15. October. pp. E1127 to E1134.

Ries, Nola M., Jane LeGrandeur and Tomothy Caulfield. 2010. "Handling ethical, legal and social issues in birth cohort studies involving genetic research: responses from studies in six countries." BMC Med Ethics. Vol. 11, no. 4. March.

Saravanabhavan, Gurusankar and J. Murray. 2012. "Human biological monitoring of diisononyl phthalate and diisodecyl phthalate: a review." Journal of Environmental and Public Health. Vol. 2012. 11 p.

Saravanabhavan, Gurusankar, Mireille Guay, Éric Langlois, Suzelle Giroux, Janine Murray and Douglas Haines. 2013. "Biomonitoring of phthalate metabolites in the Canadian population through the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007-2009)." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. Vol. 216, no. 6. November. pp. 652 to 661.

Schroth, R. J., R. Rabbani, G. Loewen and M. E. Moffatt. 2016. "Vitamin D and dental caries in children." Journal of Dental Research. Vol. 95, no. 2. November. pp. 173 to 179.

Setayeshgar, Solmaz, Susan J. Whiting and Hassanali Vatanparast. 2012. "Metabolic syndrome in Canadian adults and adolescents: Prevalence and associated dietary intake." ISRN Obesity. Vol. 2012. pp. 1 to 8.

---. 2013. "Prevalence of 10-year risk of cardiovascular diseases and associated risks in Canadian adults: The contribution of cardiometabolic risk assessment introduction." International Journal of Hypertension. Vol. 2013. pp. 1 to 8.

Shi, Yipu, Margaret de Groh and Howard Morrison. 2012. "Increasing blood pressure and its associated factors in Canadian children and adolescents from the Canadian Health Measures Survey." BMC Public Health. Vol. 12, no. 388. May.

---. 2013. "Perinatal and early childhood factors for overweight and obesity in young Canadian children." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 104, no. 1. January- February. pp. e69 to e74.

Shields, Margot, Margaret D. Carroll and Cynthia L. Ogden. 2011. "Adult Obesity Prevalence in Canada and the United States." NCHS Data Brief. no. 56. March. 7 p.

Sia, Drissa, Malgorzata Miszkurka, Malek Batal, Hélène Delisle and Maria Victoria Zunzunegui, (2019), "Chronic disease and malnutrition biomarkers among unemployed immigrants and Canadian born adults", Archives of Public Health, Volume 77, Number 41, pages 1-10, 18 September 2019.

Singh, Kavita, Subramanian Karthikeyan, and Annie St-Amand. 2018. "Factors associated with plasma concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) in the Canadian population." International Journal of Environmental Health Research. Vol. 29, no. 3. November. pp. 326-347.

Sluggett, Larine. 2012. "Associations between sleep duration and indicators of cardio- metabolic disease in Canadian children and adolescents." School of Health Sciences. Prince George, BC: University of Northern British Columbia.

Sluggett, Larine, Shannon Wagner, Cindy Hardy and R. Luke Harris. 2016. "Associations between sleep duration and indicators of cardiometabolic disease in Canadian children and adolescents: Analyses of the 2007-2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Childhood Obesity. Vol. 12, no. 5. October. pp. 325 to 333.

Stone, M.R., G.E. Faulkner and R.N. Buliung. 2013. "How active are children in Toronto? A comparison with accelerometry data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey". Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada. Vol. 33, no. 2. March. pp. 61 to 68.

Theis, Beth, Roxana Raut, Elisa Candido, Stephanie Young, and Loraine D. Marrett. 2011. "Risk factor and screening report, national and provincial, incorporating sociodemographic variables." Colorectal Cancer Network (CRCNet), Cancer Care Ontario. September. pp. 1 to 122.

Theis, Beth, Roxana Raut, J.P.K. Chan, Elisa Candido, and Loraine D. Marrett. 2011. "Risk factors and screening by age and sex, national and provincial." Colorectal Cancer Network (CRCNet), Cancer Care Ontario. June. pp. 1 to 84.

Thompson, Brandy. 2012. "Cost barriers to dental care in Canada." Department of Dentistry. Toronto, ON: University of Toronto.

Thompson, Brandy, P. Cooney, H. Lawrence, V. Ravaghi and C. Quiñonez. 2014. "Cost as a barrier to accessing dental care: findings from a Canadian population-based study." Journal of Public Health Dentistry. Vol. 74, no. 3. January.

Votova, Kristine M.E, Régis Blais, Margaret J. Penning, and Malcolm K. Maclure. 2013 "Polypharmacy meets polyherbacy: Pharmaceutical, over-the-counter and natural health product use among Canadian adults." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 104, no. 3. May-June. pp. 222 to 228.

Whiting, Susan J., Kellie A. Langlois, Hassanali Vatanparast and Linda S. Greene- Finestone. 2011. "The vitamin D status of Canadians relative to the 2011 Dietary Reference Intakes: an examination in children and adults with and without supplement use." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Vol. 93, no. 7. July. 8 p.

Wong, Suzy Lai, Eric Malaison, David Hammond and Scott T. Leatherdale. 2013. "Secondhand smoke exposure among Canadians: Cotinine and self-report measures from the Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007 - "2009." Nicotine & Tobacco Research. Vol. 15, no. 3. March. pp. 693 to 700.

Wong, Suzy Lai, Rachel Colley, Sarah Connor Gorber and Mark Tremblay. 2011. "Actical accelerometer sedentary activity thresholds for adults." Journal of Physical Activity and Health. Vol. 8, no. 4. May. pp. 587 to 591.

Yao, Chao Shu and Michael I. MacEntee. 2013. "Inequity in Oral Health Care for Elderly Canadians: Part 1. Oral Health Status." Journal of the Canadian Dental Association. Vol. 79. December

Ye, Ming, Jeremy Beach, Jonahtan W. Martin and Ambikaipakan Senthilselvan. 2015a. "Associations between dietary factors and urinary concentrations of organophosphate and pyrethroid metabolites in a Canadian general population." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. Vol. 218, no. 7. October. pp. 616 to 626.

---. 2015b. "Association between Lung Function in Adults and Plasma DDT and DDE Levels Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 123, no. 5. May, pages 422 to 427.

---. 2016. "Urinary dialkyl phosphate concentrations and lung function parameters in adolescents and adults: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 124, no. 4. April. pp. 491 to 497.

---. 2017. "Pesticide exposures and respiratory health in general populations." Journal of Environmental Sciences. Vol. 51. January. pp. 361 to 370.

Zinck, John, Margaret de Groh and Amanda MacFarlane. 2015. "Genetic modifiers of folate, vitamin B-12, and homocysteine status in a cross-sectional study of the Canadian population." The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Vol. 202, no. 6.

Zuk, Aleksandra, Carlos Quiñonez, Michael Lebenbaum and Laura C. Rosella. 2017. "The association between undiagnosed glycaemic abnormalities and cardiometabolic risk factors with periodontitis: results from 2007-2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Journal of Clinical Periodontology. Vol. 44, no. 2. December. pp. 132 to 141.

Cycle 2 (2009 to 2011)

Health at a Glance articles

Janz, Teresa and Caryn Pearson. 2013. "Vitamin D blood levels of Canadians." Health at a Glance. January 10. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-624-X.

Health Reports articles

Cooper, Marcia, Linda Greene-Finestone, Hélène Lowell, Johanne Levesque and Stacey Robinson. 2012. "Iron sufficiency of Canadians." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 4. December. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 41 to 48.

Patry-Parisien, Jennifer, Jiping Zhu and Suzy L. Wong. 2013. "Implementation of the indoor air component of cycle 2 of the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 24, no. 5. May. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 3 to 10.

Patry-Parisien, Jennifer, Margot Shields and Shirley Bryan. 2012. "Comparison of waist circumference using the World Health Organization and National Institutes of Health protocols." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 3. September. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 53 to 60.

Roberts, Karen C., Margot Shields, Margaret de Groh, Alfred Aziz and Jo-Anne Gilbert. 2012. "Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents: Results from the 2009 to 2011 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 3. September. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 37 to 41.

Rotermann, Michelle, Kellie A. Langlois, Alberto Severini and Stephanie Totten. 2013. " Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and herpes simplex virus type 2: Results from the 2009 to 2011 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 24, no. 4. April. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 10 to 15.

Wheeler, Amanda J., Suzy L. Wong, Cheryl Khoury and Jiping Zhu. 2013. "Predictors of indoor BTEX concentrations in Canadian residences." Health Reports. Vol. 24, no. 5. May. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 11 to 17.

The Daily releases

Statistics Canada. 2012a. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Household and physical measures data, 2009 to 2011." The Daily. September 20. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2012b. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Select laboratory, activity monitor and indoor air data, 2009 to 2011." The Daily. November 21. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2012c. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Fact sheets and tables related to select laboratory data, 2009 to 2011." The Daily. November 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2013a. "Study: Vitamin D blood levels of Canadians, 2009-2011." The Daily. January 10. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2013b. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Laboratory environmental data, 2009 to 2011." The Daily. April 17. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

Health fact sheets

---. 2012d. "Aerobic fitness of Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2012e. "Blood pressure of Canadian adults, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2012f. "Blood pressure of Canadian children and youth, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2012g. "Body composition of Canadian adults, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2012h. "Body mass index of Canadian children and youth, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2012i. "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2012j. "Muscular strength of Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2012k. "Cholesterol levels of Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. November 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2012l. "Iodine status of Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. November 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2012m. "Iron sufficiency of Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. November 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2012n. "Metabolic syndrome in Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. November 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2012o. "Vitamin B12 status of Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. November 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2013c. "Bisphenol A concentrations in Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. April 17. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2013d. "Blood lead concentrations in Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. April 17. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

Data tables

---. 2012p. Canadian Health Measures Survey: Cycle 2 Data Tables, 2009 to 2011 (table). Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-626-X. Ottawa, Ontario. 80 p.

External articles and publications

Asada, Yukiko, Jeremiah Hurley, Michel Grignon and Susan Kirkland. 2018. "Health inequalities and inequities by age: Stability for the Health Utilities Index and divergence for the Frailty Index." Social Science and Medicine - Population Health. Vol. 5. August. pp. 17 to 32.

Aylward, Lesa L., Stephanie Hays, Anne Vézina, Michelle Deveau, Annie St-Amand and A.B. Nong. 2015. "Biomonitoring Equivalents for interpretation of urinary fluoride." Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. Vol. 72, no. 1. April. pp. 158 to 167.

Betancourt, Marisol T, K.C. Roberts, T-L Bennett, E.R. Driscoll, G. Jayaraman and L. Pelletier. 2014. "Monitoring chronic diseases in Canada: the chronic diseases indicator framework." Chronic diseases and injuries in Canada. Vol. 34, no.1. February. 34 p.

Cakmak, Sabit and Bob Dales. 2018. "The associations between phthalate exposure and insulin resistance, β-cell function and blood glucose control in a population-based sample." Science of the Total Environment. Vol. 612, no. 15. January. pp. 1287-1292.

Caru, Maxime, Mariia Samoilenko, Simon Drouin, Valérie Lemay, Laurence Kern, Lucia Romo, Laurence Bertout, Geneviève Lefebvre, Gregor Andelfinger, Maja Krajinovic, Caroline Laverdiere, Daniel Sinnett, and Daniel Curnier, (2019), "Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Survivors Have a Substantially Lower Cardiorespiratory Fitness Level Than Healthy Canadians Despite a Clinically Equivalent Level of Physical Activity", Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology, Volume 8, Issue 6, 9 December 2019.

Gaskin, Janet, Colin Rennie and Doug Coyle. 2015. "Reducing Periconceptional Methylmercury Exposure: Cost-Utility Analysis for a Proposed Screening Program for Women Planning a Pregnancy in Ontario, Canada". Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 123, no. 12. December.

Hays, Sean M., Devika Poddalgoda, Kristin Macey, Lesa Aylward and Andy Nong. 2018. "Biomonitoring Equivalents for interpretation of urinary iodine". ScienceDirect. Vol. 94. April pp. 40-46.

Health Canada. 2013. Second report on human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals in Canada: Results of the Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycle 2 (2009- 2011). Ottawa, Ontario. Minister of Health. 434 p.

Jayawardene , Innocent, Jean-François Paradis, Stéphane Bélisle, Devika Poddalgoda, Kristin Macey, 2021, "Multi-elemental determination of metals, metalloids and rare earth element concentrations in whole blood from the Canadian Health Measures Survey, 2009-2011", Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, Volume 68,126830, December 2021.

Jayawardene, Innocent F., Kristin Macey, Jean-Francois Paradis, Stephane Belisle, Devika Poddalgoda, Sabit Cakmak, Marie-Pier Lafontaine, Noureen Lalji and Robert Dales. 2018. "Accessing Biobanks to Obtain Human Biomonitoring Data." Environmental Health Perspectives.

Jee, Penny, Lois Fernandez, Sherry L. Perkins and Stephen P.J. Brooks. 2014. "Effect of storage and repeated freeze/thaw on (S) vitamin B12." Clinical Biochemistry. Vol. 47, no. 18. December. pp. 344.

Katz, Sherri, Jean-Philippe Vaccani, Janine Clarke, Lynda Hoey, Rachel C. Coley and Nicholas J. Barrowman. 2014. "Creation of a reference dataset of neck sizes in children: standardizing a potential new tool for prediction of obesity-associated diseases?" BioMed Central. Vol. 14, no. 23. June.

MacFarlane, Amanda J., Yipu Shi and Linda S. Greene-Finestone. 2014. "High dose compared to low dose vitamin B12 supplement use is not associated with higher vitamin B12 status in children, adolescents and older adults." The Journal of Nutrition. Vol. 144, no. 6. June. pp. 915 to 920.

MacPherson, M., M. de Groh, L. Loukine, D. Prud'homme and L. Dubois. 2016. "Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its risk factors in Canadian children and adolescents: Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycle 1 (2007-2009) and Cycle 2 (2009-2011)." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada: Research, Policy and Practice. Vol. 36, no. 2. February. pp. 32 to 40.

McLaren, Lindsay. 2016. "Fluoridation exposure status based on location of data collection in the Canadian Health Measures Survey: Is it valid?" Journal of the Canadian Dental Association. Vol. 82, no. g17. pp. 1 to 7.

Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion (Public Health Ontario). "Child and youth health data sources project: summary of processes and findings." Toronto, ON: Queen's Printer for Ontario; 2015.

Parent, Marianne. 2018. "An exposure assessment study of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in residential indoor environment using the Canadian Health Measures Survey (Cycle 2: 2009-2011) and a multi-receptors based approach." Department of Community Health and Epidemiology. Halifax, NS: Dalhousie University.

Shi, Yipu, Margaret de Groh and Amanda J. MacFarlane. 2014. "Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associated with folate status among non-supplement-consuming Canadian women of child-bearing age." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol 105, no. 3. pp. e166 to e171.

Simpson, J. Randall, E. Gibson, L. Elliott, C. Farrell, M. Edwards, and M. Cooper. 2018. "Iron sufficiency of Canadians; 2012-2013". Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice & Research. Vol. 79, no. 3 p. 150-151.

St-Amand, A., S. Karthikeyan, M. Guay, R. Charron, A. Vezina and K. Werry. 1997. "Arsenic exposure in the Canadian general population: levels of arsenic species measured in urine, and associated demographic, lifestyle or dietary factors". Environmental Arsenic in Changing World. 1st edition.

Tai, Xiaochen and Yue Chen. 2016. "Urinary bisphenol A concentrations positively associated with glycated hemoglobin and other indicators of diabetes in Canadian men." Environmental Research. Vol. 147. May. pp. 172 to 178.

Thakkar, Niels, Veronica Jamnik and Chris I. Ardern. 2018. "Cross-associations between physical activity and sedentary time on metabolic health: a comparative assessment using self-reported and objectively measured activity." Journal of Public Health. Vol. 40, no. 4. December. pp. e464 to e473.

Zhu, Jiping, Suzy L. Wong and Sabit Cakmak. 2013. "Nationally representative levels of selected volatile organic compounds in Canadian residential indoor air: Population- based survey." Environmental Science & Technology. Vol. 47, no. 23. October. pp. 13276 to 13283.

Jennifer L. A. Keir, Sabit Cakmak, Jules M. Blais & Paul A. White "The influence of demographic and lifestyle factors on urinary levels of PAH metabolites - empirical analyses of Cycle 2 (2009 - 2011) CHMS data" Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology February 17, 2020

Cycle 3 (2012 to 2013)

Health Reports articles

Feder, Katya, David Michaud, Pamela Ramage-Morin, James McNamee and Yves Beauregard. 2015. " Prevalence of hearing loss among Canadians aged 20 to 79: Audiometric results from the 2012/2013 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 25, no. 7. July. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 18 to 25.

Langlois, Kelli, Marcia Cooper and Cynthia K. Colapinto. 2016. "Vitamin C status of Canadian adults: Findings from the 2012/2013 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 5. May. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 8 p.

Langlois, K. and W.M. Ratnayake. 2015. "Omega-3 Index of Canadian adults." Health Reports. November Vol. 26, no. 11. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X.

Larouche, Richard, Didier Garriguet, Katie E. Gunnell, Gary S. Goldfield and Mark S. Tremblay. 2016. "Outdoor time, physical activity, sedentary time, and health indicators at ages 7 to 14: 2012/2013 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 9. September. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 11 p.

The Daily releases

Statistics Canada. 2014a. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Household and physical measures data, 2012 to 2013." The Daily. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2014b. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Selected laboratory and activity monitor data, 2012 and 2013." The Daily. December 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2015a. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Directly measured physical activity of Canadians, 2012 and 2013." The Daily. February 18. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2015b. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Hearing loss of Canadians, 2012 and 2013." The Daily. April 15. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2015c. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Laboratory environmental data, 2012 and 2013." The Daily. July 15. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2015d. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Indoor air volatile organic compound data 2012 and 2013." The Daily. September 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2015e. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Medication use and nutrient intake, 2012 and 2013." The Daily. October 20. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

Health fact sheets

---. 2014c. "Body composition of adults, 2012 to 2013." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2014d. "Body mass index of children and youth, 2012 to 2013." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2014e. "Blood pressure of adults, 2012 to 2013." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2014f. "Blood pressure of children and youth, 2012 to 2013." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2014g. "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults, 2012 to 2013." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2014h. "Cholesterol levels of adults, 2012 to 2013." Health Fact Sheets. December 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2014i. "Metabolic syndrome in adults, 2012 to 2013." Health Fact Sheets. December 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2014j. "Vitamin D levels of Canadians, 2012 to 2013." Health Fact Sheets. December 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2014k. "Vitamin C levels of Canadians, 2012 to 2013." Health Fact Sheets. December 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2015f. "Directly measured physical activity of adults, 2012 and 2013." Health Fact Sheets. February 18. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2015g. "Directly measured physical activity of children and youth, 2012 and 2013." Health Fact Sheets. February 18. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2015h. "Hearing loss of Canadians, 2012 and 2013." Health Fact Sheets. April 15. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2015i. "Tobacco use of Canadians, 2012 and 2013." Health Fact Sheets. July 15. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2015j. "Lead, mercury and cadmium concentrations in Canadians, 2012 and 2013." Health Fact Sheets. July 15. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2015k. "Bisphenol A concentrations in Canadians, 2012 and 2013." Health Fact Sheets. July 15. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2015l. "Omega-3 fatty acid levels of adults, 2012 and 2013." Health Fact Sheets. November 18. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

External Releases

Brooks, Stephen, L. Green-Finestone, and S. Whiting. 2017. "An Analysis of Factors Associated with 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels in White and Non-White Canadians." Journal of AOAC International. Vol 100, no. 5. October. pp. 1345-1354.

Caron-Beaudoin, Élyse, Kyle Powys Whyte, Maryse F. Bouchard, Jonathan Chevrier, Sami Haddad, Ray Copes, Katherine L. Frohlich, Dean Dokkie, Sonje Juul, Michèle Bouchard, Marc-André Verner, (2022), "Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor air and tap water samples in residences of pregnant women living in an area of unconventional natural gas operations: Findings from the EXPERIVA study", Science of The Total Environment, Volume 805,150242, ISSN 0048-9697, 20 January 2022.

Cunningham, J.E.A., McCague, H., Malin, A.J. et al. (2021), Fluoride exposure and duration and quality of sleep in a Canadian population-based sample. Environ Health 20, 16, 18 February 2021.

Czoli, Christine D. and David Hammond. 2018. "Carcinogen exposure among Canadian tobacco users: Changes in NNK Exposure from 2007 - 2009 through 2012 - 2013." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. Vol. 27, no. 3. March. pp. 262 to 267.

Feder, Katya, David Michaud, Yves Beauregard; Elizabeth Fitzpatrick, James McNamee, Hugh Davies, Tony Leroux. 2017. "Prevalence of hazardous occupational noise exposure, hearing loss, and hearing protection usage among a representative sample of working Canadians." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Vol. 59, no. 1. pp. 92-113.

Fleet, Kristen. 2017. "Proinflammatory food consumption and chronic kidney disease in a Canadian nationally representative sample." Human Nutritional Sciences. Winnipeg, MB: University of Manitoba.

Grant, WB, S.J. Whiting, G.K. Schwalfenberg, S.J. Genuis and S.M. Kimball. 2016. "Estimated economic benefit of increasing 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations of Canadians to or above 100 nmol/L." Dermatoendocrinology. October Vol. 8.

Health Report. 2015. Third Report on Human Biomonitoring of Environmental chemicals in Canada. July. 182 p.

Jones, Amanda C., J. Lennert Veerman and David Hammond. 2017. "The health and economic impact of a tax on sugary drinks in Canada." Waterloo, ON: Canadian Cancer Society, Diabetes Canada, Childhood Obesity Foundation, Chronic Disease Prevention A.

Khanam, Ulfat A., Donna C. Rennie, Karen Davis, and Joshua A. Lawson, (2020), "Are Dietary Factors Associated with Lung Function in Canadian Adults?", Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research. Volume 81, Number 1, March 2020.

Leung, Brenda, M. Y., & Chinenye Nwoke "Association between C-reactive protein and mood disorder in a representative sample of the Canadian population: analysis of CHMS data 2013 - 2014" Canadian Journal of Public Health. March 4, 2020.

Levy, Emile, Mariia Samoilenko, Sophia Morel, Jade England, Devendra Amre, Laurence Bertout, Simon Drouin, Caroline Laverdière, Maja Krajinovic, Daniel Sinnett, Geneviève Lefebvre and Valérie Marcil. 2017. "Cardiometabolic risk factors in childhood, adolescent and young adult survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia - A Petale cohort." Scientific Reports. Vol 7. December. pp. 1 to 9.

Malin, Ashley, Julie Riddell, Hugh McCague and Christine Till. 2018. "Fluoride exposure and thyroid function among adults living in Canada: Effect modification by iodine status." Environment International. Vol. 121, no. 1. December. pp. 667 to 674.

Munasinghe, Lalani L., Noreen Willows, Yan Yuan and Paul J Veugelers. 2015. "The prevalence and determinants of use of vitamin D supplements among children in Alberta, Canada: A cross-sectional study." BMC Public Health. Vol. 15, no. 1. pp. 1 to 7.

Munasinghe, Lalani L., Yan Yuan, Noreen D. Willows, Erin L. Faught, John P. Ekwaru and Paul J. Veugelers. 2017. "Vitamin D deficiency and sufficiency among Canadian children residing at high latitude following the revision of the RDA of vitamin D intake in 2010." British Journal of Nutrition. Vol. 117, no. 3. March. pp. 457 to 465.

ParticipACTION. 2016. "Are Canadian Kids Too Tired to Move?" The ParticipACTION Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth. Vol. 16. June.

Riddell, Julia K., Ashley J. Malin, Hugh McCague, David B. Flora, and Christine Till. 2021. "Urinary Fluoride Levels among Canadians with and without Community Water Fluoridation" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12: 6203, 8 June 2021.

Statistics Canada's Canadian Health Measures Survey Team. 2015. "The Canadian Health Measures Survey: A Source of Nationally Representative Hearing Data." Communiqué. August.

Data tables

Statistics Canada. Anthropometry measures of the household population (table). CANSIM (database).

Cycle 4 (2014 to 2015)

Health Reports articles

Colley, Rachel C., Gregory Butler, Didier Garriguet, Stephanie A. Prince and Karen C. Roberts. 2018. "Comparison of self-reported and accelerometer-measured physical activity in Canadian adults." Health Reports. Vol. 29, no. 12. December. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 13 p.

Colley, Rachel C., Gregory Butler, Didier Garriguet, Stephanie A. Prince and Karen C. Roberts. 2019. "Comparison of self-reported and accelerometer-measured physical activity among Canadian youth". Health Reports. Vol. 30, no. 7. July. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 12 p.

Daily Releases

Statistics Canada. 2016. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Household and physical measures data, 2014 and 2015." The Daily. October 13.

Statistics Canada 2017 "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Spirometry 2012 to 2015." The Daily. January 12.

Statistics Canada. 2017. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Tap water and urine concentration level, 2014 and 2015." The Daily. February 22.

Statistics Canada. 2017. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Activity monitor data, 2014 and 2015." The Daily. April 19.

Statistics Canada. 2017. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Medication data, 2014 and 2015." The Daily. July 6.

Statistics Canada. 2017. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Environmental laboratory data, 2014 and 2015." The Daily. August 24.

Statistics Canada. 2017. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Indoor air volatile organic compound data, 2014 and 2015." The Daily. October 31.

Statistics Canada. 2018. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Arsenic and Paraben concentrations in Canadians, 2014 and 2015." The Daily. February 22.

StatCan Blog: "Ten years of measuring physical activity - What have we learned? "November 24, 2017.

Health fact sheets

Statistics Canada. 2018a. "Inorganic-related arsenic concentrations in Canadians, 2014 and 2015." Health Fact Sheets. February 22. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625- X.

---. 2018b. "Parabens concentrations in Canadians, 2014 and 2015." Health Fact Sheets. February 22. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

Internal Publications

2018c. "Concentrations of selected environmental chemicals in the Canadian population." Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-627-X,

2018d. "Concentrations of selected environmental chemicals in the Canadian population, Update 2." Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-627-X.

External articles and publications

Bertinato, Jesse, Kuan Chiao Wang and Stephen Hayward. 2017. "Serum Magnesium Concentrations in the Canadian Population and Associations with Diabetes, Glycemic Regulation, and Insulin Resistance." Nutrients. Vol. 9, no. 3. March. 13 p.

Caron-Beaudoin, Élyse, Pierre Ayotte, Amira Aker, Caty Blanchette, Sylvie Ricard, Véronique Gilbert, Ellen Avard, and Mélanie Lemire, (2022), "Exposure to benzene, toluene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Nunavimmiut aged 16 years and over (Nunavik, Canada)–Qanuilirpitaa 2017 survey", Environmental Research 206 (2022): 112586, 15 April 2022.

Health Canada. 2017. Fourth Report on Human Biomonitoring of Environmental Chemicals in Canada. August. 239 p.

Kim, Joanne, Jonathan Chevrier, (2020), "Exposure to parabens and prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome: An analysis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey", Science of The Total Environment, Volume 713, 135116, 15 April 2020.

Roberts, Karen C. MSc; Gregory Butler MSc; Brenda Branchard; Deepa P. Rao PhD; Victoria Otterman BA; Wendy Thompson MSc and Gayatri Jayaraman PhD. 2017. "The Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Sleep (PASS) Indicator Framework." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada. Vol 37, no. 8 August,. p 252 to 256.

Cycle 5 (2016 to 2017)

Daily

Statistics Canada. 2018a. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Household and physical measures data, 2016 and 2017." The Daily. October 24.

Canadian Health Measures Survey: Household and physical measures data, 2016 and 2017

Statistics Canada. 2019a. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Non-environmental laboratory and medication data, 2016 and 2017." The Daily. February 6. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

Canadian Health Measures Survey: Non-environmental laboratory and medication data, 2016 and 2017

Statistics Canada. 2019b. "Blood pressure, hypertension and leading risk factors" The Daily. February 20.

Statistics Canada. 2019c. "Tracking physical activity levels of Canadians, 2016 and 2017." The Daily. April 17,

Statistics Canada. 2019d. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Vision data, 2016 and 2017" The Daily. October 2.

Statistics Canada. 2019e. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Environmental laboratory data, 2016 and 2017" The Daily. November 13.

Statistics Canada. 2020a. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Cycles 1, 3 and 4 (2007-2009, 2012-2013 and 2014-2015) pooled serum data files" The Daily, June 3, 2020.

Health Fact Sheets

"Sleep Apnea in Canada, 2016 and 2017." Health Fact Sheets. October 24. Statistics Canada Catalogue no 82-625-X.

"Physical activity and screen time among Canadian children and youth, 2016 and 2017" Health Fact Sheets. April 17. Statistics Canada Catalogue no 82-625-X.

Health Reports Articles

Carson, V., Langlois. K., and Colley, R. "Associations between parent and child sedentary behaviour and physical activity in early childhood". Health Reports. (82-003-X). February 2020. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003X

Harris, Daniel A., Yanling Guo, Nardine Nakhla, Mina Tadrous, David B. Hogan, Deirdre Hennessy, Kellie Langlois, Rochelle Garner, Sarah Leslie, Susan E. Bronskill, George Heckman and Colleen J. Maxwell, (2022), "Prevalence of prescription and non-prescription polypharmacy by frailty and sex among middle-aged and older Canadians", Health Reports, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X, 15 June 2022.

Hoffmann, Matt D., Rachel C. Colley, Caroline Y. Doyon, Suzy L. Wong, Grant R. Tomkins and Justin J. Lang. 2019. "Normative-referenced percentile values for physical fitness among Canadians." Health Reports. Vol. 30, no. 10. (82-003-X). October. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003X.

Data Tables

"Distribution of household population by vision status sex and age group". Table: 13100754-01, October 2, 2019.

"Overweight and obesity based on measured body mass index, by age group and sex". Table: 13-10-0324-01, October 16, 2019.

"Physical fitness measures of the household population". Table: 13-10-0324-01, October 16, 2019.

Infographics

"Obesity in Canadian Adults, 2016 and 2017." Infographics. October 24. Statistics Canada - Catalogue no. 11-627-M.

"Hypertension: Prevalence and leading risk factors." Infographics. February 20. Statistics Canada - Catalogue no. 11-627-M.

"Lead and bisphenol A (BPA) concentrations in the Canadian population." Infographics. November 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-627-M.

External articles and publications

Bertinato, Jesse, Cunye Qiao, Mary R L'Abbé, 2021, "Iodine Status of Canadian Children, Adolescents, and Women of Childbearing Age", The Journal of Nutrition, Volume 151, Issue 12, December 2021, Pages 3710–3717.

Brough, Louise, Iodine Intake for Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women and Their Infants Remains a Global Concern, The Journal of Nutrition, Volume 151, Issue 12, December 2021, Pages 3604–3605.

Caron-Beaudoin, Elyse, Pierre Ayotte, Caty Blanchette, Ellen Avard, Sylvie Ricard and Mélanie Lemire. 2020. "Perfluoroalkyl acids in pregnant women from Nunavik (Quebec, Canada): Trends in exposure and associations with country foods consumption." Environmental International Vol. 145, December.

Caron-Beaudoin, Elyse, Michèle Bouchard, Gilles Wendling, Antonio Barroso, Maryse F. Bouchard, Pierre Ayotte, Katherine L. Frohlich and Marc-André Verner. 2019. "Urinary and hair concentrations of trace metals in pregnant women from Northeaster British Columbia, Canada: a pilot study.". Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. May Vol. 29.

Christoforou, Anthea, Alena (Praneet) Ng, Jodi Bernstein, Mary L'Abbe, 2021, "Estimating Usual Sodium Intake and Sodium-to-Potassium Molar Ratios From Urine Excretion Among Canadian Adults: An Analysis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey", Current Developments in Nutrition, Volume 5, Issue Supplement_2, Page 1020. June 2021.

Dubeau, Claudelle (2021), "Association entre la qualité de l'alimentation et l'exposition aux acides perfluoroalkylés (PFAA) et au bisphénol A (BPA) pouvant provenir de la transformation et de l'emballage des aliments chez les enfants et les jeunes âgés de 3 à 19 ans dans quatre communautés des Premières Nations du Québec", [Mémoire de maîtrise], Université Laval, 8 mars 2021.

Dubeau, Claudelle, Amira Aker, Élyse Caron-Beaudoin, Pierre Ayotte , Caty Blanchette, Nancy Gros-Louis McHugh, Mélanie Lemire, (2022), "Perfluoroalkyl acid and bisphenol-A exposure via food sources in four First Nation communities in Quebec, Canada", Public Health Nutrition, 1-16, 11 March 2022.

Health Canada. 2019. Fifth Report on Human Biomonitoring of Environmental Chemicals in Canada. November. 436 p.

LaKind, Judy S., Marc-André Verner, Rachel D. Rogers, Helen Goeden, Daniel Q. Naiman, Satori A. Marchitti, Geniece M. Lehmann, Erin P. Hines, and Suzanne E. Fenton, (2022), "Current Breast Milk PFAS Levels in the United States and Canada: After All This Time, Why Don't We Know More?", Environmental Health Perspectives 130:2 CID: 025002, 23 February 2022.

Cycle 6 (2018 to 2019)

Daily

Statistics Canada 2021. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Non-environmental laboratory data, 2018 and 2019." The Daily. March 5.

Statistics Canada 2021. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Activity monitor data, 2018-2019" The Daily. September 1.

External articles and publications

Health Canada, 2021, "Sixth Report on Human Biomonitoring of Environmental Chemicals in Canada", Results of the Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycle 6 (2018–2019), 14 December 2021.

Cycles 1 and 2 combined (2007 to 2011)

Health at a Glance articles

Clarke, Janine, Victoria Higgins and Khosrow Adeli. 2016. "Understanding your health by using reference ranges." Health at a glance. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no.82-624-X. 6 p.

Health Reports articles

Bushnik, Tracey, Patrick Levallois, Monique D'Amour, Todd J. Anderson and Finlay A. McAlister. 2014. "Association between blood lead and blood pressure: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007 to 2011)." Health Reports. Vol. 25, no. 7. July. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 13 p.

Findlay, Leanne and Dafna Kohen. 2015. "Bisphenol A and child and youth behaviour: Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007 to 2011." Health Reports. Vol. 26, no. 08. August. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X.

Fowles, Jonathon, Joel Roy, Janine Clarke and Shilpa Dogra. 2014. "Are the fittest Canadian adults also the healthiest?" Health Reports. Vol. 25, no. 5. May. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 8 p.

Garner, Rochelle and Patrick Levallois. 2016. "Cadmium levels and sources of exposure among Canadian adults." Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 2. February. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 9 p.

Garriguet, Didier and Rachel C. Colley. 2014. "A comparison of self-reported leisure- time physical activity and measured moderate to vigorous physical activity in adolescents and adults." Health Reports. Vol. 25, no. 7. July. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 11 p.

Hennessy, Deirdre A., Peter Tanuseputro, Meltem Tuna, Carol Bennett, Richard Perez, Margot Shields, Dennis T. Ko, Jack Tu and Douglas G. Manuel. 2016. "Population health impact of statin treatment in Canada." Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 1. January. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 9 p.

Larouche, Richard, Guy Faulkner and Mark S. Tremblay. 2016a. "Active travel and adults' health: The 2007-2011 Canadian Health Measures Surveys." Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 4. April. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X.

---. 2016b. "Active travel and adults' health: Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007 to 2011." Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 4. April. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 9 p.

Ng, Edward. 2015. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: A tool for immigrant health research?" Health Reports. Vol. 26, no. 3. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 9 p.

Rotermann, Michelle, Claudia Sanmartin, Deirdre Hennessy and Michele Arthur. 2014. "Prescription medication use by Canadians aged 6 to 79." Health Reports. Vol. 25, no. 6. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 9 p.

Rotermann, Michelle, Kellie Langlois, Anton Andonov and Maxim Trubnikov. 2013. "Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections: Results from the 2007 to 2009 and 2009 to 2011 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 24, no. 11. November. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 3 to 13.

Wong, Suzy L., Allan L. Coates and Teresa To. 2016. "Exposure to industrial air pollutant emissions and lung function in children: Canadian Health Measures Survey, 2007 to 2011."Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 2. February. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 7 p.

The Daily releases

Statistics Canada. 2013d. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Directly measured physical activity of Canadians, 2007 to 2011." The Daily. May 30. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

Health fact sheets

---. 2013e. "Directly measured physical activity of Canadian adults, 2007 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. May 30. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2013f. "Directly measured physical activity of Canadian children and youth, 2007 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. May 30. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

External articles and publications

Adeli, Khosrow, Victoria Higgins, Michelle Nieuwesteegl, Joshua Raizman, Yungi Chen, Suzy Wong and David Blais. 2015. "Biochemical Marker Reference Values across Pediatric, Adult, and Geriatric Ages: Establishment of Robust Pediatric and Adult Reference Intervals on the Basis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Clinical Chemistry. Vol. 61, no. 8. August.

Adeli, Khosrow, Victoria Higgins, Michelle Nieuwesteegl, Joshua Raizman, Yungi Chen, Suzy Wong, David Blais and M. Abdelhaleem. 2015a. "Complex biological profile of hematologic markers across pediatric, adult, and geriatric ages: establishment of robust pediatric and adult reference intervals on the basis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Clinical Chemistry. Vol. 61, no. 8. August. pp. 1075 to 1086.

---. 2015b. "Complex reference values for endocrine and special chemistry biomarkers across pediatric, adult, and geriatric ages: establishment of robust pediatric and adult reference intervals on the basis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Clinical Chemistry. Vol. 61, no. 8. August. pp. 1063 to 1074.

Aranda-Rodriquez, Rocio, Ashley Cabecinha, Jeromy Harvie, Zhiyun Jin, Axelle Marchand, Robert Tardif, Andy Nong and Sami Haddad. 2015. "A method for quantification of volatile organic compounds in blood by SPME-GC-MS/MS with broader application: From non-occupational exposure population to exposure studies."Journal of Chromatography B. Vol. 992. June. pp. 76 to 85.

Ata, Nicole. 2014. "Cardiovascular disease risk factors in Canadian-born and immigrant children and youth in the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Department of Public Health Sciences, Edmonton, AB: University of Alberta.

Betancourt, Marisol T., K.C. Roberts, T-L Bennett, E.R. Driscoll and G. Jayaraman. 2014. "Monitoring Chronic Diseases in Canada: Chronic Disease Indicator Framework." Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada. Vol. 34, no. 1. February.

Billette, Jean-Michel. 2013. "Obesity in Canada: how survey data can inform public policy."

Carson, Valerie, Suzy Wong, E. Winkler, G.N. Healy, R. C. Colley and Mark S. Tremblay. 2014. "Patterns of sedentary time and cardiometabolic risk among Canadian adults." Preventative Medicine. Vol. 65, no. 23. August. pp 23 to 27.

Chao, Yi-Sheng, Hsing-Chien Wu, Chao-Jung Wu and Wei-Chih Chen. 2018. "Stages of biological development across Age: An analysis of Canadian Health Measure Survey 2007 - "2011." Frontiers in Public Health. Vol. 5, no. 355. January. pp. 1 to 9.

Clarke, Janine J. Roy, J. Fowles and S. Dogra. 2013. "Should qualified exercise professionals measure skinfolds when assessing health-related fitness in the general population?" Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. Vol. 38, no. 10. October. pp. 1032.

Clarke, Janine and Ian Janssen. 2013. "Is the frequency of weekly moderate-to- vigorous physical activity associated with the metabolic syndrome in Canadian adults?" Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. Vol. 38, no. 7. July. pp. 773 to 778.

Coates, Allan L., Suzy L. Wong, Christopher Tremblay and John L. Hankinson. 2016. "Reference Equations for Spirometry in the Canadian Population." Annals of the American Thoracic Society. Vol. 13, no. 6. June. pp. 833 to 841.

Coonghe, Warnakulasuriya Verginia Lalantha. 2018. "Respiratory health and occupations among Canadian adolescents and adults." School of Public Health. Edmonton, AB: University of Alberta.

Copeland, Jennifer L., Janine Clarke and Shilpa Dogra. 2015. "Objectively measured and self-reported sedentary time in older Canadians." Preventive Medicine Reports. Vol. 2. pp. 90 to 95.

Do, Minh T., Vicky C. Chang, Michelle A. Mendez and Margaret de Groh. 2017. "Urinary bisphenol A and obesity in adults: results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada: Research, Policy and Practice. Vol. 37, no. 12. December.

Dogra, Shilpa, Janine Clarke, Joel Roy and Jonathan Fowles. 2015. "BMI-specific waist circumference is better than skinfolds for health-risk determination in the general population." Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism. Vol. 40, no. 2. pp. 134 to 141.

Feder, Katya Polena, David Michaud, James McNamee, Elizabeth Fitzpatrick, Pamela Ramage-Morin and Yves Beauregards. 2017. "Prevalence of Hearing Loss Among a Representative Sample of Canadian Children and Adolescents, 3 to 19 Years of age." Ear and Hearing. Vol. 36, no. 1. January. pp. 7 to 20.

Finch, Sarah L., Alan M. Rosenberg, Anthony J. Kusalik, Farhad Maleki, Elham Rezaei, Adam Baxter-Jones, Susanne Benseler, Gilles Boire, David Cabral, Sarah Campillo, Gaëlle Chédeville, Anne-Laure Chetaille, Paul Dancey, Ciaran Duffy, Karen Watanabe Duffy, Jaime Guzman, Kristin Houghton, Adam M. Huber, Roman Jurencak, Bianca Lang, Ron M. Laxer, Kimberly Morishita, Kiem G. Oen, Ross E. Petty, Suzanne E. Ramsey, Johannes Roth, Rayfel Schneider, Rosie Scuccimarri, Elizabeth Stringer, Shirley M.L. Tse, Lori B. Tucker, Stuart E. Turvey, Michael Szafron, Susan Whiting, Rae SM Yeung, Hassan Vatanparast,2021, "Higher concentrations of vitamin D in Canadian children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis compared to healthy controls are associated with more frequent use of vitamin D supplements and season of birth", Nutrition Research, Volume 92, Pages 139-149, August 2021.

Gaston, Anca, Amy Doelman, Sarah A. Edwards and Jo Ann Tober. 2014. "The impact of parenthood on Canadians' objectively measured physical activity." BMC Public Health. Vol. 14, no. 1127. November.

Greene-Finestone, L. S., D. Garriguet, S. P. J. Brooks, K. Langlois and S. J. Whiting. 2017. "Overweight and obesity are associated with lower vitamin D status in Canadian children and adolescents." Paediatrics & Child Health. Vol. 22, no. 8. December. pp. 438 to 444.

Gunaratna, Hasantha. 2018. "Hepatitis B vaccination coverage among foreign-born Canadians: Data from the Community Health Measures Survey." Department of Community Health Sciences. Winnipeg, MB: University of Manitoba.

Harris, Anne, Joanne Kim, Paul Demers, 2021, "Metabolic health measurements of shift workers in a national cross-sectional study: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey";, American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Volume 64, Issue 11, 03 August 2021.

Hosseini, Zeinab. (2019), "Dietary intake of Canadians in association with metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and risk of cardiovascular disease" [PhD Thesis], Pharmacy and Nutrition Department, University of Saskatchewan, 25 March 2019.

Hosseini, Zeinab, Mehdi Rostami, Susan J. Whiting, and Hassan Vatanparast, Fast-Food Dietary Pattern Is Linked to Higher Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Older Canadian Adults, Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, Volume 2021, Article ID 5712844, 21 Oct 2021.

Hosseini, Zeinab, Susan J. Whiting and Hassan Vatanparast. 2019. "Canadians' Dietary Intake from 2007 to 2011 and across Different Sociodemographic/Lifestyle Factors Using the Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycles 1 and 2." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism. Vol. 2019. February. 80p.

Hu, Xue Feng and Hing Man Chan. 2018. "Factors associated with the blood and urinary selenium concentrations in the Canadian population: Results of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007-2011)." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. Vol. 221, no. 7. August. pp. 1023 to 1031.

Jackson, B. and P. Huston. 2016 "Commentary - Advancing health equity to improve health: the time is now." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada: Research, Policy and Practice. Vol. 36, no. 2. February. pp. 17 to 20.

Kuhle, Stefan, Bryan Maguire, Nicole Ata and David Hamilton. 2015. "Percentile curves for anthropometric measures for Canadian children and youth." PLOS ONE. Vol. 10, no. 7. pp. 1 to 16.

Kuhle, Stefan, Jillian Ashley-Martin, Bryan Maguire and David C. Hamilton. 2016. "Percentile curves for skinfold thickness for Canadian children and youth." PeerJ. Vol. 4. July. pp. 1 to 22.

Kuhle, Stefan, Nicole Ata, Bryan Maguire, Natasha MacInnis and Linda Dodds. 2017. "Birth weight for gestational age, anthropometric measures, and cardiovascular disease markers in children." Journal of Pediatrics. Vol. 182. March. pp. 99 to 106.

Lang, Justin J., Richard Larouche, Mark S. Tremblay, (2019), "The association between physical fitness and health in a nationally representative sample of Canadian children and youth aged 6 to 17 years", Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada : Research, Policy and Practice, Vol 39, No 3, 104-111, March 2019.

Langlois, É, G. Saravanabhavan G, T.E. Arbuckle and S. Giroux. 2014. "Correction and comparability of phthalate metabolite measurements of Canadian biomonitoring studies (2007-2012)." Environment International. Vol. 64. March. pp. 129 to 133.

Levallois, Patrick, Elhadji Anassour-Laouan, Sidi, Pierre Ayotte. 2018. "Exposition à l'arsenic et prévalence du diabète de type 2 dans l'Enquête canadienne sur les mesures de la santé - Rapport de recherche." Institut national de santé publique. Février.

MacPherson, M., Margaret de Groh, L. Loukine, D. Prud'homme and L. Dubois. 2016. "Release notice - " Strengthening the evidence base on social determinants of health: measuring everyday discrimination through a CCHS rapid response module." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada: Research, Policy and Practice. Vol. 36, no. 2. February. p. 41.

Malits, Julia, Mrudula Naidu, and Leonardo Trasande, (2022), "Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Canada: Population-Based Estimates of Disease Burden and Economic Costs", Toxics 10, no. 3: 146, 19 March 2022.

Neil-Sztramko, Sarah E., Carolyn C. Gotay, Paul A. Demers and Kristin L. Campbell. 2016. "Physical activity, physical fitness, and body composition of Canadian shift workers: Data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey cycles 1 and 2." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Vol. 58, no. 1. January. pp. 94 to 100.

Ngueta, Gerard. 2016. "Assessing the influence of age and ethnicity on the association between iron status and blood lead concentration in blood: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007-2011)." Biological Trace Element Research. Vol. 171, no. 2. pp. 301 to 307.

Ngueta, Gerard and André Pascal Kengne. 2017. "Low-Level environmental lead exposure and dysglycemia in adult individuals: Results from the Canadian Health and Measure Survey 2007 - 2011." Biological Trace Element Research. Vol. 175, no. 2. February. pp. 278 to 286.

Nguyen, Hai V. and Paul Grootendorst. 2014. "Does the child fitness tax credit make children more active?"

Perks, Thomas Alexander. 2015. "Obesity and its relation to employment income: Does the bias in self-reported BMI matter?" Canadian Studies in Population. Vol. 42, no. 3-4. pp. 39 to 48.

Proceedings of the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology Annual General Meeting. 2013. "Extreme Human Physiology: From Pathology to Performance." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. October

Public Health Agency of Canada. 2016. "Other PHAC publications." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada: Research, Policy and Practice. Vol. 36, no. 2. February. pp. 42.

Rao, Deepa Prema. 2016. "Metabolic syndrome and chronic disease in Canada: The role of material, psychosocial, and behavioural factors." - Department of Population Health. Ottawa, ON: University of Ottawa.

Rao, Deepa P., Heather Orpana and Daniel Krewski. 2016. "Physical activity and non- movement behaviours: Their independent and combined associations with metabolic syndrome." International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. Vol. 13, no. 26. pp. 1 to 11.

Rodd, Celia, Allison Feely, Allison Dart, Atul Sharma and Jon McGavock. 2018. "Biological and socioeconomic determinants of prediabetes in youth: An analysis using 2007 to 2011 Canadian Health Measures Surveys." Pediatric Research. Vol. 84, no. 2. pp. 248 to 253.

Rowe, Ashley. 2015. "The relationship between body composition and lung function, and the effect of physical fitness." Department of Epidemiology. Halifax, NS: Dalhousie University.

Rowe, Ashley, P. Hernandez, S. Kuhle and S. Kirkland. 2017. "The association between anthropometric measures and lung function in a population-based study of Canadian adults." Respiratory Medicine. Vol. 131. October. pp. 199 to 204.

Roy, J., J. Clarke, S. Dogra and J. Fowles. 2013. "The health of Canadian adults across fitness categories." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. Vol. 38, no. 10. October. p. 1074.

Sarafin, Kurtis, Ramon Durazo-Arvizu, Lu Tian, Karen W. Phinney, Susan Tai, Johanna E. Camara, Joyce Merkel, Evan Green, Christopher T. Sempos and Stephen P. J. Brooks. 2015. "Standardizing 25-hydroxyvitamin D values from the Canadian Health Measures Survey." The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Vol. 102, no. 5. November. pp. 1044 to 1050.

Shi, Y., Margaret de Groh and C. Bancej. 2016. "Socioeconomic gradients in cardiovascular risk in Canadian children and adolescents." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada: Research, Policy and Practice. Vol. 36, no. 2. February. pp. 21 to 31.

St-Amand, A., K. Werry, L. Aylward, S. Hayes and A. Nong. 2014. "Screening of population level biomonitoring data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey in a risk-based context." Toxicology Letters. Vol. 232, no. 2. December. pp. 126-134

Saravanabhavan, Gurusankar, Ellen Lye, Kate Werry, Nellie Roest and Douglas Haines. 2013. "Baseline levels of selected environmental chemicals in Canadians: Results from Canadian health Measures Survey" Environmental Health Perspectives. Abstract Vol. 2013. Issue 1

Thielman, Justin, Heather Manson, Maria Chiu, Ray Copes and Laura C. Rosella. 2016. "Residents of highly walkable neighbourhoods in Canadian urban areas do substantially more physical activity: A cross-sectional analysis." Canadian Medical Association Journal (CMAJ) Open. Vol. 4, no. 4. pp. E720 to E728.

Thielman, Justin, Ray Copes, Laura C Rosella, Maria Chiu, and Heather Manson, (2019), "Is neighbourhood walkability related to body mass index among different age groups? A cross-sectional study of Canadian urban areas", BMJ Open, Volume 9, Issue 11, 1-9, November 2019.

Hu, Xue Feng, Saverjo Stranges, and Laurie H. M. Chan. 2019. "Circulating Selenium Concentration Is Inversely Associated With the Prevalence of Stroke: Results From the Canadian Health Measures Survey and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey" Journal of the American Heart Association Vol. 8, no. 10.

Cycles 1 and 3 combined (2007 to 2009, 2012 to 2013)

External articles and publications

Czoli, Christine D. and David Hammon. 2018. "Carcinogen Exposure among Canadian Tobacco Users: Changes in NNK Exposure form 2007-2009 through 2012-2013." American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) publications. March. Vol. 27, no. 3.

Hu, Xue Feng, Kavita Singh, Tiff-Annie Kenny and Hing Man Chan. 2019. "Prevalence of heart attack and stroke and associated risk factors among Inuit in Canada: A comparison with the general Canadian population." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. Vol. 222, no. 2. March. pp. 319 to 326.

Munasinghe, Lalani L., Noreen D. Willows, Yan Yuan, John Paul Ekwaru and Paul J. Veugelers. 2017. "Vitamin D sufficiency of Canadian children did not improve following the 2010 revision of the dietary guidelines that recommended higher intake of vitamin D: An analysis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Nutrients. Vol. 9, no. 9. August. pp. 1 to 11.

Cycles 1, 2 and 3 combined (2007 to 2013)

Health Reports articles

Bushnik, Tracey, Deirdre Hennessy, Finlay A. McAlister and Douglas G. Manuel. 2018. "Bushnik, Tracey, Didier Garriguet and Rachel Colley. 2017. "Parent-Child association in body weight status." Health Reports. Vol. 28, no. 6. June. Statistics Canada catalogue no. 82-003X.

Factors associated with hypertension control among older Canadians." Health Reports. Vol. 29, no. 6. June. Statistics Canada catalogue no. 82-003X.

Garriguet, Didier. 2016. "Using a Betabinomial distribution to estimate the prevalence of adherence to physical activity guidelines among children and youth." Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 4. April. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 7 p.

Garriguet, Didier, Tracey Bushnik and Rachel Colley. 2017. "Parent-Child association in physical activity and sedentary behaviour." Health Reports. Vol. 28, no. 6. June. Statistics Canada catalogue no. 82-003X.

Levesque, Johanne and Trevor Mischki. 2021. "Exposure to tobacco smoke among Canadian nonsmokers based on questionnaire and biomonitoring data." Health Reports. Vol. 32, no. 2. February Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X.

Rollo, Scott, Justin J. Lang, Karen C. Roberts, Felix Bang, Valerie Carson, Jean-Philippe Chaput, Rachel C. Colley, Ian Janssen and Mark S. Tremblay, (2022), "Health associations with meeting the Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines for adults: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey", Health Reports, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X, 19 January 2022.

Thomson, Errol, Harun Kalayci and Mike Walker. 2019. "Cumulative toll of exposure to stressors in Canada: An allostatic load profile." Health Reports. Vol. 30, no. 6. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 14-21.

Wong, Suzy. 2016a. "Grip strength reference values for Canadians aged 6 to 79: Canadian Health Measures Survey, 2007 to 2013." Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 10. October. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 8 p.

---. 2016b. "Reduced muscular strength among Canadians aged 60 to 79: Canadian Health Measures Survey, 2007 to 2013." Health Reports. Vol. 27, no.10. October. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 7 p.

External articles and publications

Ashley-Martin, Jillian, Regina Ensenauer, Bryan Maguire and Stefan Kuhle. 2019. "Predicting cardiometabolic markers in children using tri-ponderal mass index: a cross- sectional study." Archives of Disease in Childhood. Vol. 103, no. 6.

Ata, Nicole, Bryan Maguire, David C. Hamilton and Stefan Kuhle. 2018. "Percentile curves for cardiometabolic disease markers in Canadian children and youth: a cross- sectional study." BMC Pediatrics. Vol. 18, no. 1. September. pp. 1 to 11.

Bernard, Paquito, G. Hains-Monfette, S. Atoui and C. Kingsbury. 2018. "Differences in daily objective physical activity and sedentary time between women with self-reported fibromyalgia and controls: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Clinical Rheumatology. Vol. 37, no. 8. August. pp. 2285 to 2290.

Bernard, Paquito, G. Hains-Monfette, S. Atoui and G. Moullec. 2018. "Daily objective physical activity and sedentary time in adults with COPD using spirometry data from Canadian Measures Health Survey." Canadian Respiratory Journal. Vol. 2018. December. pp. 1 to 9.

Bernard, Paquito, Isabelle Doré, Ahmed-Jérôme Romain, Gabriel Hains-Monfette, Celia Kingsbury and Catherine Sabiston. 2018. "Dose response association of objective physical activity with mental health in a representative national sample of adults: A cross-sectional study." PLOS ONE. Vol. 13, no. 10. October. pp. 1 to 16.

Brooks, Stephen P. J., Linda Greene-Finestone, Susan Whiting, Vitali E. Fioletov, Patrick Laffey and Nicholas Petronella. 2019. "An Analysis of Factors Associated with 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels in White and Non-White Canadians.". Journal of AOAC International. Vol. 100 issue 5 September. Published: November 22, 2019.

Carson, Valerie, Jean-Philippe Chaput, Ian Janssen and Mark S. Tremblay. 2017. "Health associations with meeting new 24-hour movement guidelines for Canadian children and youth," Preventive Medicine. Vol 95. February. pp. 7 to 13.

Carson, Valerie, Mark S. Tremblay, Jean-Philippe Chaput and Sebastien F. M Chastin. 2016. "Associations between sleep duration, sedentary time, physical activity, and health indicators among Canadian children and youth using compositional analyses." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. Vol. 41, no. 6. June. pp. S294 to S302.

Chao, Yi-Sheng, Chao-Jung Wu, Hsing-Chien Wu and Wei-Chih Chen. 2018. "Principal component approximation and interpretation in health survey and biobank data." Frontiers in Digital Humanities. Vol. 5, no. 11.

Chu, Filmer, (2019), "Econometric methods for secondary data in health research" [ PhD Thesis]. Department of Medicine. Edmonton, AB: University of Alberta, Fall 2019.

Chu, Filmer, Arto Ohinmaa, Scott Klarenbach, Zing-Wae Wong and Paul Veugeler. 2017. "Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and indicators of mental health: An analysis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Nutrients. Vol. 9, no. 10. October. pp. 1116 to 1123.

Garner, Rochelle and Patrick Levallois. 2017 "Associations between cadmium levels in blood and urine, blood pressure and hypertension among Canadian adults." Environmental Research. Vol. 155. May. pp. 64 to 72.

Gibson, Deborah. 2015. "Nutrition Biomarkers, Cycle 1 - Canadian Health measures Survey - Food and Nutrition Surveillance - Health Canada." Health Canada.

Gravel, Sabrina, Jérôme Lavoué and France Labrèche. 2017. "Industry, occupation and sex differences in workers' exposure to endocrine disrupting metals in an American and a Canadian survey." Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Vol. 74, no. 1, pp. A129.

Hains-Monfette, Gabriel, Sarah Atoui, Kelsey Dancause and Paquito Bernard. 2018. "Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviors in a representative sample of Canadian adults with chronic disease(s): a cross-sectional study." Department of Physical Activity Sciences. Montréal, Québec: Université du Québec à Montréal.

Hajna, Samantha, Nancy A. Ross and Kaberi Dasgupta. 2018. "Steps, moderate-to- vigorous physical activity, and cardiometabolic profiles." Preventive Medicine. Vol. 107. February. pp. 69 to 74.

Harris, Anne, Trevor Van Ingen, Joanne Kim and Paul Demers. 2015. "Using the CHMS to explore the health effects of shift work."

Haywood, Nicole. 2018. "Physical activity, sedentary time, sleep duration, and self-rated health in older adults: A compositional analysis." Department of Public Health Sciences. Kingston, ON: Queen's University.

Hirsch, Lauren Elizabeth. 2016. "Second-generation antipsychotics and metabolic side effects in the Canadian population." Calgary, AB: University of Calgary.

Hirsch, Lauren, Scott B. Patten, Lauren Bresee, Nathalie Jetté and Tamara Pringsheim. 2018. "Second-generation antipsychotics and metabolic side-effects: Canadian population-based study." BJPsych Open. Vol. 4, no. 4. July. pp. 256 to 261.

Kehler, Dustin Scott, Thomas Ferguson, Andrew N. Stammers, Clara Bohm, Rakesh C.

Arora, Todd A. Duhamel and Navdeep Tangri. 2017. "Prevalence of frailty in Canadians 18-79 years old in the Canadian Health Measures Survey." BMC Geriatrics. Vol. 17, no. 28. pp. 1 to 8.

Khanam, Ulfat Ara. 2018. "Are dietary factors associated with lung function in Canadian adults?" Community Health and Epidemiology. Saskatoon, SK: University of Saskatchewan.

Kim, G.J., Christopher Newth, Allan Coates, Patrick Ross and Suzy Wong. 2018. "Does Size Matter When Calculating the "Correct" Tidal Volume for Pediatric Mechanical Ventilation?: A Hypothesis Based on FVC." Chest. Vol. 154, no.1. July. pp. 77 to 83.

Kingsbury, Célia, Antohy D. Karelis, Gabriel Hains-Monfette and Bernard Paquito. "Association between daily level of objective physical activity and C-reactive protein in a representative nation sample of adults with self-reported diagnosed arthritis of fibromyalgia." SportRxiv Preprints. Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal.

Lamontagne, Patricia and Denis Hamel. 2016. "Surveillance du statut pondéral mesuré chez les jeunes du Québec : état de situation jusqu'en 2013." Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ).

Leung, Alexander A., Hsiu-Ju Chang, Finlay A. McAlister, Nadia A. Khan, Doreen M. Rabi, Hude Quan and Raj S. Padwal. 2018. "Applicability of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) to the Canadian population." Canadian Journal of Cardiology. Vol. 34, no. 5. May. pp. 670 to 675.

Maguire, Bryan. 2016. "Comparison of methods for growth chart construction in the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Halifax, NS: Dalhousie University.

Malits, Julia, Mrudula Naidu, and Leonardo Trasande, (2022), "Supplementary Materials: Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Canada: Population-Based Estimates of Disease Burden and Economic Costs", Toxics 2022, 10(3), 146, 19 March 2022.

Mudryj, Adriana N., Margaret de Groh, Harold M. Aukema and Nancy Yu. 2016. "Folate intakes from diet and supplements may place certain Canadians at risk for folic acid toxicity." British Journal of Nutrition. Vol. 116, no. 7. pp. 1236 to 1245.

Qureshi, Hena. 2017. "The economic impact of dietary sodium reduction in Canada." Cumming School of Medicine. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary.

Rollo, Scott, Karen C. Roberts, Felix Bang, Valerie Carson, Jean-Philippe Chaput, Rachel C. Colley, Ian Janssen, and Mark S. Tremblay, (2022), "Sociodemographic Factors Associated With Meeting the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines Among Adults: Findings From the Canadian Health Measures Survey", Journal of Physical Activity and Health 19, no. 3 (2022): 194-202, 01 March 2022.

Salami, Bukola, Maryna Yaskina, Kathleen Hegadoren, Esperanza Diaz, Salima Meherali, Anu Rammohan and Yoav Ben-Shlomo. 2017. "Migration and social determinants of mental health: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 108, no. 4. July. pp. e362-e357.

Saravanabhavan, G, K. Werry, M. Walker, D. Haines, M. Malowany and C. Khoury. 2017. "Human biomonitoring reference values for metals and trace elements in blood and urine derived from the Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007-2013." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. March Vol. 220, no. 2 pp189-200.

Senthilselvan, Ambikaipakan and Jeremy Beach, (2019), "Characteristics of asthma and COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS) in the Canadian population", Journal of Asthma, Volume 56, 2019 - Issue 11, 1129-1137, 25 Oct 2018.

St-Amour, Samuel, Gabriel Hains-Monfette, Kelsey N. Dancause, Lionel Cailhol, Paquito Bernard, (2021), "Antidepressant medication use and objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviors in adults: A cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative sample of Canadian adults", Mental Health and Physical Activity, Volume 20, 100394, March 2021.

Thielman, Justin, Daniel Harrington, Laura Rosella and Heather Manson. 2018. "Prevalence of age-specific and sex-specific overweight and obesity in Ontario and Quebec, Canada: a cross-sectional study using direct measures of height and weight." BMJ Open. Vol. 8, no. 9. pp. 1 to 8.

Valcke, Mathieu, Subramanian Karthikeyan, Mike Walker, Michelle Gagné, Ray Vopes, Annie St-Amand. 2020. ;"Regional variations in human chemical exposures in Canada: A case study using biomonitoring data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey for the provinces of Quebec and Ontario." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. Vol. 225, April.

Zandy, Moe, Vicky Chang, Deepa P. Rao, Minh T. Do, (2020), "Tobacco smoke exposure and sleep: estimating the association of urinary cotinine with sleep quality", Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada, Vol 40, No 3, March 2020.

Valcke, Mathieu, Ph.D. 2018. "Extraction des données québécoises de biosurveillance des substances chimiques de l'environnement issues de l'Enquête canadienne sur les mesures de la santé" Rapport d'étude - Direction de la santé environnementale et de la toxicologie. Institut national de santé publique du Québec. Janvier, no. 2385

Cycles 1, 2 and 5 combined (2007 to 2009, 2009 to 2011 and 2016 to 2017)

The Daily Releases

Statistics Canada. 2021. "Do fit kids have fit parents?" The Daily. January 20. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X.

Health Reports articles

Colley, Rachel C., Janine Clarke, Caroline Y. Doyon, Ian Janssen, Justin J. Lang, Brian W. Timmons and Mark S. Tremblay. 2019. "Trends in physical fitness among Canadian children and youth." Health Reports. October 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X.

Colley, Rachel C., Janine Clarke, Caroline Y. Doyon, Ian Janssen, Justin J. Lang, Brian W. Timmons and Mark S. Tremblay. 2021. "Do fit kids have fit parents? " Health Reports. January Vol. 32 no. 1. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X.

Doyon, C.Y., Colley, R.C., Clarke, J., Janssen, I., Timmons, B.W., Tomkinson, G.R., Tremblay, M.S. & Lang, J.J. 2021, "Trends in physical fitness among Canadian adults, 2007 to 2017", Health Reports, November vol. 32, no. 11, pp. 3-15.

External articles and publications

Cakmak, Sabit, Anna Lukina, Subramanian Karthikeyan, Ella Atlas, Robert Dales, (2022), "The association between blood PFAS concentrations and clinical biochemical measures of organ function and metabolism in participants of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS)", Science of The Total Environment, Volume 827, 153900, 25 June 2022.

Phillips, Emily Wolfe, Deepa P. Rao, Leonard A. Kaminsky, Grant R. Tomkinson, Robert Ross, and Justin J. Lang, (2020), "Criterion-referenced mCAFT cut-points to identify metabolically healthy cardiorespiratory fitness among adults aged 18–69 years: an analysis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey", Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Volume 45, Number 9, September 2020.

Cycles 2 and 3 combined (2009 to 2013)

Health Reports articles

Garriguet, Didier, Valerie Carson, Rachel C. Colley, Ian Janssen, Brian W. Timmons and Mark S. Tremblay. 2016. "Physical activity and sedentary behaviour of Canadian children aged 3 to 5." Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 9. September. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 10 p.

External articles and publications

Barberio, Amanda M. 2016. "A Canadian population-based study of the relationship between fluoride exposure and indicators of cognitive and thyroid functioning; Implications for community water fluoridation." Calgary, AB: University of Calgary.

Barberio, Amanda M., Carlos Quiñonez, F. Shaun Hosein and Lindsay McLaren. 2017. "Fluoride exposure and reported learning disability diagnosis among Canadian children: Implications for community water fluoridation." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 108, no. 3. pp. e229 to e239.

Barberio, Amanda M., F. Shaun Hosein, Carlos Quiñonez and Lindsay McLaren. 2017. "Fluoride exposure and indicators of thyroid functioning in the Canadian population: Implications for community water fluoridation." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. Vol. 71, no. 10. pp. 1019 to 1025.

Carson, Valerie, Mark S. Tremblay and Sebastien F. M. Chastin. 2017. "Cross-sectional associations between sleep duration, sedentary time, physical activity and adiposity indicators among Canadian preschool children using compositional analyses." BMC Public Health. Vol. 17, no. 5. November. pp. 123 to 121.

Chao, Yi-Sheng, (2022), "Human Papillomavirus Infection Rate by Genotype and Vaccination Rates in Canada: Canadian Health Measures Survey 2009 to 2013", medRxiv, 06 April 2022.

Dales, Robert E., Sabit Cakmak, Chris Hebbern and Jasmine D. Cakmak. 2017. "The influence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on lung function in a representative sample of the Canadian population." Environmental Pollution. Vol. 228. September. pp. 1 to 7.

Juric, Amanda, Kavita Singh, Xue Feng Hu and Hing Man Chan. 2019. "Exposure to triclosan among the Canadian population: Results of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2009 - "2013)." Environment International. Vol. 120. pp. 29 to 38.

Osman, Selma, Natasha Crowcroft, Elizabeth McLachlan, Todd Hatchette, Carol Perez-Iratxeta, Eugene Joh, James Wright, Scott A. Halperin, Shelley Deeks, Sarah Wilson, Sarah Buchan, Brian Ward, Jonathan Gubbay, Marc Brisson, Bouchra Serhir, Alberto Severini, Shelly Bolotin, (2022), "Population immunity to measles in Canada using Canadian Health Measures survey data – A Canadian Immunization Research Network (CIRN) study", Vaccine, Volume 40, Issue 23, Pages 3228-3235, 20 May 2022.

Riddell, J. K., Malin A. J., Flora D., McCague H., and Till C. (2019). Association of water fluoride and urinary fluoride concentrations with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Canadian youth. Environment International, 133 (Part B), 1-8, December 2019.

Rodd, Celia and Atul K. Sharma. 2016. "Recent trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Canadian children." Canadian Medical Association Journal (CMAJ). Vol. 188, no. 13. September. pp. E313 to E320

Rodd, Celia and Atulm K. Sharma. 2017. "Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Canadian children, 2004 to 2013: Impact of socioeconomic determinants." Paediatrics and Child Health. Vol. 22, no. 3. June. pp. 153 to 158.

Tahir, Emad, Pierre Ayotte, Matthew Little, Richard R. Bélanger, Michel Lucas, Donna Mergler, Sidi Elhadji A Laouan, Comunity of Winneway – Long Point First Nation, Community of Lac Simon, CSSS Tshukuminu Kanani of Natashkuan, Community of Unamen Shipu, Nancy Gros-Louis McHugh, Mélanie Lemire. 2018. "Characteristics of anemia and iron status and their associations with blood manganese and lead among children aged 3 to 19 years old from four First Nation communities in Québec." Université Laval.

Data table

Distribution of household population by infection marker
Statistics Canada. Table: 13-10-0335-01 (formerly: CANSIM 117-0017). Release date: 2018-07-10

Cycles 2 and 5 combined (2009 to 2011, 2016 to 2017)

External articles and publications

Ratelle, Mylene, Packull-McCormick Sara, Bouchard Michele, Majowicz Shannon and Laird Brian. 2020. "Human biomonitoring of metals in sub-Arctic Dene communities of the Northwest Territories, Canada." Environmental Research. Volume 190, November.

Cycles 2, 3 and 4 combined (2009 to 2015)

Health Reports articles

Colley, Rachel C., Tanya Christidis, Isabelle Michaud, Michael Tjepkema and Nancy A Ross. 2019. "The association between walkable neighbourhoods and physical activity across the lifespan." Health Reports. Vol. 30, no. 9. September. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X.

Bang, Felix, Karen C. Roberts, Jean-Philippe Chaput, Gary S. Goldfield, Stephanie A. Prince. 2020. "An examination of the associations between walkable neighbourhoods and obesity and self-rated health in Canadians." Health Reports. Vol. 30, no. 9. September. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X.

Bang, Felix, Karen C. Roberts, Jean-Philippe Chaput, Gary S. Goldfield, Stephanie A. Prince. 2020. "Physical activity, screen time and sleep duration: Combined associations with psychosocial health among Canadian children and youth.". Health Reports. Vol. 31, no. 5. July. September. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp 9 -16.

Data tables

Children's body mass index – Center for Disease Control classification system. Inactive. Table: 13-10-0320-01 (formerly: CANSIM 117-0002). Released date: 2018-10-24 - ARCHIVED, Statistics Canada.

Children's body mass index – Cole classification system. Inactive. Table: 13-10-0320-01 (formerly: CANSIM 117-0002). Released date: 2018-10-24 - ARCHIVED, Statistics Canada.

Children's body mass index – World Health Organization classification system. Inactive. Table: 13-10-0322-01 (formerly: CANSIM 117-0004). Released date: 2018-10-24 - ARCHIVED, Statistics Canada.

Adult body mass index – Health Canada classification. Inactive. Table: 13-10-0323-01 (formerly: CANSIM 117-0005). Released date: 2018-10-24 - ARCHIVED, Statistics Canada.

Distribution of the household population by blood pressure classification Table: 13-10-0327-01(formerly CANSIM 117-0009), Statistics Canada.

Distribution of the household population by musculoskeletal fitness classification, inactive Table: 13-10-0325-01(formerly CANSIM 117-0007), Archived, Statistics Canada

Lung capacity measures of the household population. Table: 13-10-0328-01 (formerly: CANSIM 117-0010). Release date: 2018-07-10, Statistics Canada.

Infographics

"Walkable neighbourhoods and physical activity in Canada." Infographics. September 18, 2019. Statistics Canada - Catalogue no. 11-627-M.

External articles and publications

LaKind, Judy S., Tyler Pollock, Daniel Q. Naiman, Sungroul Kim, Audra Nagasawa, Janine Clarke, (2019), "Factors affecting interpretation of national biomonitoring data from multiple countries: BPA as a case study", Environmental Research, Volume 173, 2019, Pages 318-329, June 2019.

Cycles 2, 3 and 4 combined (2011 to 2015)

Data tables

Urine fluoride measures of the household population, by sex and age group. Table: 13-10-0103-01 (formerly CANSIM 117-0023). Release date: 2017-12-07. Statistics Canada.

Cycles 2, 3, 4 and 5 combined (2009 to 2017)

Data tables

Cardiovascular health measures of the household population, Table: 13-10-0326-01 (formerly CANSIM 117-0008). Release date: 2019-11-13, Statistics Canada

Chemistry panel of the household population, Table: 13-10-0332-01 (formerly CANSIM 117-0014). Release date: 2019-11-13, Statistics Canada

Complete blood count of the household population, Table: 13-10-0333-01 (formerly CANSIM 117-0015). Release date: 2019-11-13, Statistics Canada

Distribution of the household population by physical fitness classification, Table: 13-10-0755-01. Release date: 2019-10-16, Statistics Canada.

Average time spent sedentary, Table: 13-10-0338-01 (formerly CANSIM 117-0020). Release date: 2019-04-17, Statistics Canada.

Average time spent being physically active, Table: 13-10-0339-01 (formerly CANSIM 117-0021). Release date: 2019-04-17, Statistics Canada.

External articles and publications

Scott B. Patten, MD, PhD and Jeanne V.A. Williams MSc "Lithium, an Infrequently Used Medication." The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 2020 Vol. 65 (3) p 204-205.

Cycles 2, 3, 4 and 5 combined (2011 to 2017)

Data tables

Household population meeting/not meeting the Canadian physical activity guidelines, Table: 13-10-0388-01. Release date: 2019-04-17, Statistics Canada.

Cycles 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 combined (2009 to 2019)

Health Reports articles

Carson, Valerie, Kellie Langlois and Rachel Colley. 2020. "Association between parent and child sedentary behaviour and physical activity in early childhood." Health Reports. Vol. 31, no. 2. February. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X.

Data tables

Statistics Canada, (2021), "Household population meeting/not meeting the 2011 Canadian physical activity guidelines, inactive", Statistics Canada, Table: 13-10-0388-01, Release date: 2021-09-01.

Statistics Canada, (2021), "Household population meeting/not meeting the 2020 Canadian physical activity guidelines", Statistics Canada, Table: 13-10-0821-01, Release date: 2021-09-01.

Chemistry panel of the household population, Table: 13-10-0332-01 (formerly CANSIM 117-0014). Release date: 2021-03-05, Statistics Canada.

Complete blood count of the household population, Table: 13-10-0333-01 (formerly CANSIM 117-0015). Release date: 2021-03-05, Statistics Canada.

Nutritional status of the household population, Table: 13-10-0336-01 (formerly CANSIM 117-0018). Release date: 2021-03-05, Statistics Canada.

Anthropometry measures of the household population, Table: 13-10-0319-01 (formerly CANSIM 117-0001). Release date: 2020-10-14, Statistics Canada.

Overweight and obesity based on measured body mass index, by age group and sex, Table: 13-10-0373-01. Release date: 2020-10-14, Statistics Canada.

Cardiovascular health measures of the household population, Table: 13-10-0326-01 (formerly CANSIM 117-0008). Release date: 2021-06-28, Statistics Canada

Physical fitness measures of the household population, Table: 13-10-0324-01 (formerly CANSIM 117-0006). Release date: 2021-09-01, Statistics Canada

Average time spent sedentary, Table: 13-10-0338-01 (formerly CANSIM 117-0020). Release date: 2021-09-01, Statistics Canada

Average time spent being physically active, Table: 13-10-0339-01 (formerly CANSIM 117-0021). Release date: 2021-09-01, Statistics Canada

Distribution of the household population by physical fitness, Table :13-10-0755-01. Release date: 2021-09-01, Statistics Canada

Cycles 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 combined (2011 to 2019)

Data tables

Archived - Household population meeting/not meeting the Canadian physical activity guidelines, Table:13-10-0388-01. Release date: 2021-09-01, Statistics Canada.

Cycles 2, 4 and 6 combined (2009 to 2011, 2014 to 2015, and 2018 to 2019)

External articles and publications

Aker, Amira, Élyse Caron-Beaudoin, Pierre Ayotte, Sylvie Ricard, Véronique Gilbert, Ellen Avard & Mélanie Lemire, (2022), "Non-persistent exposures from plasticizers or plastic constituents in remote Arctic communities: a case for further research", Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, 32, pages400–407, 28 March 2022.

Cycles 3 and 4 combined (2012 to 2015)

Health Reports articles

DeGuire, Jason, Janine Clarke, Kaitlyn Rouleau, Joel Roy and Tracey Bushnik. 2019. "Blood Pressure and Hypertension in Canada." Health Reports. Vol. 30, no. 2. February. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 8 p.

Ramage-Morin, Pamela L and Marc Gosselin. 2016. "Canadians vulnerable to workplace noise." Health Reports. Vol. 29, no. 8. August. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X.

Ramage-Morin, Pamela L., Rex Banks, Dany Pineault and Maha Atrach. 2019. "Tinnitus in Canada." Health Reports. Vol. 30, no. 3. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 9 p.

Ramage-Morin, Pamela L., Rex Banks, Dany Pineault and Maha Atrach. 2019. "Unperceived hearing loss among Canadians aged 40 to 79." Health Reports. Vol. 30, no. 8. August 21. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 9 p.

Ramage-Morin, Pamela L., Rex Banks, Dany Pineault, Maha Atrach and Heather Gilmour, (2021), "Hypertension associated with hearing health problems among Canadian adults aged 19 to 79 years", Health Reports, Vol. 32, no. 10, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X, 20 October 2021.

The Daily

Statistics Canada. "Unperceived hearing loss among Canadians aged 40 to 79" August 21. 2019, Statistics Canada.

Statistics Canada. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Selected Laboratory data 2012 to 2015." December 9. 2016, Statistics Canada.

Statistics Canada. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Spirometry data 2012 to 2015." January 12, 2017, Statistics Canada.

Health fact sheets

Statistics Canada. 2016a. "Blood pressure of adults, 2012 to 2015." Health Fact Sheets. October 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2016b. "Blood pressure of children and youth, 2012 to 2015." Health Fact Sheets. October 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2016c. "Hearing loss of Canadians, 2012 to 2015." Health Fact Sheets. October 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2017. "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease under-diagnosed in Canadian adults: Results from cycles 3 and 4 (2012 to 2015) of the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Fact Sheets. January 12. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

Infographics

Statistic Canada, (2021), "Hearing health of Canadian adults", Statistics Canada infographics, Statistics Canada Catalogue number: 11-627-M, 20 October 2021.

External articles and publications

Chao, Yi-Sheng, (2022), "Trends in TSH, free T4, and anti-thyroid peroxidase and treatment status: Canadian Health Measures Survey 2012 to 2015" medRxiv, 21 April 2022.

Demonty, Isabelle, Kellie Langlois, Linda S. Green-Finestone, Rana Zoka and Loan Nguyen. 2021. "Proportions of long-chain ω-3 fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes of Canadian adults: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey 2012 - 2015." The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Vol. 113, no. 4. April.

Demonty, Isabelle, Kellie Langlois, Linda S. Green-Finestone, Rana Zoka and Loan Nguyen. 2021. "Proportions of long-chain ω-3 fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes of Canadian adults: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey 2012 - 2015 SUPPLEMENTARY Data." The American Journal of clinical Nutrition. Vol. 113, no. 4. April.

Jackson, Kristina H. and William S. Harris. 2021. "Assessing the Omega-3 Index in a population: Canada did it right." The American Journal of clinical Nutrition. Vol. 113, no. 4 April.

Feder, Katya, David Michaud, James McNamee, Leonora Marro and Elizabeth Fitzpatrick. 2017 "Prevalence of hazardous leisure noise exposure, hearing loss and hearing protection usage among a representative sample of Canadians, aged 6 to 79." Journal of Occupational Environmental Medicine. Vol. 59, no. 1. January. pp 92 to 113.

Michaud, David S., Leonora Marro, and James P. McNamee, 2021, "Self-reported occupational noise exposure and cardiovascular disease in Canada: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey", The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 150, 990, 10 August 2021.

Michaud, David S., Leonora Marro, and James P. McNamee, 2021, High frequency hearing impairment and cardiovascular disease in Canada: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 150, 1001 (2021). Published Online: 10 August 2021.

Mudryj, Adriana N., Natalie D. Riediger and Andrea E. Bombak, (2019), "The relationships between health-related behaviours in the Canadian adult population", BMC Public Health, Volume 19, 1359, pages 1-9, 24 October 2019.

Munasinghe, L.L, J.P. Ekwaru, M.F. Mastroeni, S.S.B.S. Mastroeni, P.J. Veugelers. 2019. "The association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations with elevated serum ferritin levels in normal weight, overweight and obese Canadians." PLOS ONE. March 7.

Nguyen, Kathy, Patrick Hamel, Morie Malowany, Anne Vezina, Lesa Aylward, Sean Hays Mike Walker and Anie St-Amand. 2018. "Fluoride Levels in Urine and Tap Water in Canada: Sata from the Canadian Health Measures Survey 2012-2015 and Interpretation in a Risk-Based Context." Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 2018, Issue 1.

Riediger, Natalie D., Andrea E. Bombak, and Adriana N. Mudryj, (2019), "Health-related behaviours and their relationship with self-rated health among Canadian adults" BMC Public Health 19, 960, 18 July 2019.

Rioux, Brittany; Gupta, Neeru; Bouchard, Danielle; Dunbar, James; and Senechal, Martin, (2020), "Outdoor Time is Not Associated with Metabolically Healthy Overweight and Obesity Phenotype in Canadian Children Aged 6-14 Years", International Journal of Exercise Science, Vol. 13, Iss. 2, Pages 383 – 394, February 2020.

Schuchardt, Jan Philipp, Marianna Cerrato, Martina Ceseri, Laura F. DeFina, Graciela E. Delgado, Sandra Gellert, Andreas Hahn et al, (2022), "Red blood cell fatty acid patterns from 7 countries: Focus on the Omega-3 index" Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 179 (2022): 102418, April 2022.

Statler, Julie. 2018. "Exploring the influence of childcare enrollment on physical activity and sedentary time of a nationally representative sample of Canadian preschoolers." Health and Rehabilitation Sciences. London, ON: University of Western Ontario.

Willey, Jeff B, Tyler Pollock, Errol M. Thomson, Chun Lei Liang, Aubrey Maquiling, Mike Walker and Annie St-Amand. "Exposure Load: Using biomonitoring data to quantify multi-chemical exposure burden in a population." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health Vol. 234, May 2021.

Yousef, Said, Douglas Manuel, Ian Colman, Manny Papadimitropoulos, Alomgir Hossain, MoezAlIslam Faris, and George A. Wells 2021. "Vitamin D Status among First-Generation Immigrants from Different Ethnic Groups and Origins: An Observational Study Using the Canadian Health Measures Survey", Nutrients, Vol 13, no. 8: 2702, 5 August 2021.

Yousef, Said, Ian Colman, Manny Papadimitropoulos, Douglas Manuel, Alomgir Hossain, MoezAlIslam Faris, and George A. Wells, (2022), "Vitamin D and Chronic Diseases among First-Generation Immigrants: A Large-Scale Study Using Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) Data.", Nutrients 14, no. 9, 1760, 22 April 2022.

Cycles 3 and 4 combined (2013 to 2015)

Data Table

Distribution of the household population by allergy indicator. Table: 13-10-0331-01 (formerly: CANSIM 117-0013). Release date: 2018-07-10, Statistics Canada.

Distribution of the household population by measured hearing loss – American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) guidelines, by sex and age group. Table: 13-10-0748-01 (formerly: CANSIM 117-1022). Release date: 2018-02-22, Statistics Canada.

Cycles 3, 4 and 5 combined (2012 to 2017)

Health Reports Articles

Servais, Jennifer, Pamela L. Ramage-Morin, Julia Gal and Craig M. Hales. 2021. "Prescription medication use among Canadian children and Youth, 2012 to 2017." Health Reports. Statistics Canada, Catalogue no. 82-003-X. Vol. 32,. no. 3 March 17, 2021.

Prince, Stephanie A., Karen C. Roberts, Jennifer L. Reed, Aviroop Biswas, Rachel C. Colley and Wendy Thompson. 2020. "Daily physical activity and sedentary behaviour across occupational classifications in Canadian adults.". Health Reports. Statistics Canada, Catalogue no. 82-003-X. Vol. 31,. no. 9. September.

Data Table

Volatile organic compound measures of the household population, by sex and age group. Table: 13-10-0803-01 (formerly: CANSIM 117-0024). Release date: 2019-11-13, Statistics Canada

External articles and publications

Chu, Anna, Deirdre A. Hennessy, Sharon Johnston, Jacob A. Udell, Douglas S. Lee, Jing Jia, Jack V. Tu, Dennis T. Ko, (2022), "Using big data for cardiovascular health surveillance: Insights from 10.3 million individuals in the CANHEART cohort", Canadian Journal of Cardiology, ISSN 0828-282X, 13 June 2022.

Cycles 3, 4 and 5 combined (2013 to 2017)

Data Table

Hormone measures of the household population, Table: 13-10-0334-01 (formerly CANSIM 117-0016) Release date: 2019-02-06, Statistics Canada

Cycles 3, 4, 5 and 6 combined (2013 to 2019)

Data Table

Hormone measures of the household population, Table: 13-10-0334-01, Release date: 2021-03-05, (formerly CANSIM 117-0016), Statistics Canada.

Cycles 5 and 6 combined (2016 to 2019)

The Daily Releases

Statistics Canada, "Aerobic fitness has decreased in boys and girls have become stronger, 2016 to 2019.", The Daily. Released 2020-10-14.

Statistics Canada, (2021) "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Lower body strength and bone structure, 2016 to 2019", The Daily, Released 27 October 2021.

Statistics Canada, "Measured blood pressure among Canadians, 2016 to 2019." The Daily. Released 2021-03-23.

Statistics Canada, "Prescription medication use among Canadian adults, 2016 to 2019." The Daily. Released 2021-06-28.

Health Fact Sheets

"Cholesterol levels of adults, 2016-2019" Health Fact Sheets. Released date: June 28, 2021. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

"Blood pressure of Adults, 2016-2019." Health Fact Sheets. Released date: March 23, 2021. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

"Blood pressure of children and adolescents, 2016-2019." Health Fact Sheets. Released date: March 23., 2021. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

Statistics Canada, (2021), "Lower body bone structure and muscle function in Canadian older adults and seniors, 2016-2019", Health Fact Sheets, Release date: October 27, 2021, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

Data tables

Statistics Canada, (2021), "Bone health measures of the household population", Statistics Canada, Table: 13-10-0827-01, Release date: 2021-10-27.

Cycles 5 and 6 combined (2017 to 2019)

Daily Releases

Statistics Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey, 2018-2019, Released 2020-12-14.

Data table

Distribution of household population by vision status, Table: 13-10-0754-01, Release date: December 14, 2020, Statistics Canada

Cycles 1, 2, 3 and 4 combined (2007 to 2015)

Health Reports articles

Bushnik, Tracey, Deirdre Hennessy, Finlay A. McAlister, Alexander A. Leung and Douglas G. Manuel. 2019. "Risk Factors for Hypertension in Canada." Health Reports. Vol. 30, no. 2. February. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 11 p.

Bushnik, Tracey, Deirdre Hennessy, Finlay A. McAlister and Douglas G. Manuel. 2018. "Factors associated with hypertension control among older Canadians." Health Reports. Vol. 29, no. 6. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 8 p.

Colley, Rachel C., Isabelle Michaud and Didier Garriguet. 2018. "Reallocating time between sleep, sedentary and active behaviours: Associations with obesity and health in Canadian adults," Health Reports. Vol. 29, no. 4. August. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X.

Hoffman, Matt D., Justin J. Lang, Michelle D. Guerrero, Jameason D. Cameron, Gary S. Goldfield, Heather M. Orpana and Margaret De Groh. 2020. "Evaluating the psychometric properties of the parent-rated Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in a nationally representative sample of Canadian children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years." Health Reports. Vol. 31, no. 8. August. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X.

Michaud, Isabelle, Jean-Philippe Chaput and Suzy Wong. 2017. "Duration and quality of sleep among Canadians aged 18 to 79." Health Reports. Vol. 28, no. 9. September. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X.

External articles and publications

Chao, Yi-Sheng, (2022), "Trends in Diabetes Biomarkers and Treatment Statuses of Non-Institutionalized Canadians: Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007 to 2015", medRxiv, 2022.05.04.22274698, 07 May 2022.

Chao, Yi-Sheng, Chao-Jung Wu, Hsing-Chien Wu, Wei-Chih Chen, (2019), "Drug trends among non-institutionalized Canadians and the impact of data collection changes in the Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007 to 2015", PLOS ONE 14(4): e0214718, 12 April 2019.

Chao, Yi-Sheng, Chao-Jung Wu, Hsing-Chien Wu and Wei-Chih Chen. 2018. "Trend analysis for national surveys: Application to all variables from the Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 to 4." PLOS ONE. Vol. 13, no. 8. August. pp. 1 to 15.

Malecki, Sarah L., Spencer Van Mil, Justin Graffi, Elemi Breetvelt, Maria Corral, Erik Boot, Eva W. C. Chow, Marcos Sanches, Amol A. Verma and Anne S. Bassett, (2020), "A genetic model for multimorbidity in young adults", Genetics in Medicine, Volume 22, Number 1, January 2020.

Peters, Susan, Calvin Ge, Jan Veldink, Leonard van den Berg and Roel Vermeulen. "0411 Exposure to diesel engine exhaust and the risk of als." Occupational Environmental Medecine – Vol. 74 Suppl 1.

Senthilselvan A., W V L Coonghe, J Beach, (2020), "Respiratory health, Occupation and the healthy worker effect", Occupational Medicine, Volume 70, Issue 3, Pages 191–199, April 2020.

St-Amand, Annie, Leonora Marro and Subramanian Karthikeyan. 2019. "Analysis of trends in the blood or urinary concentrations of BPA, Cd, Pb and Mercury in Canadians." Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators. January.

Cycles 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 combined (2007 to 2017)

Health Reports articles

Clarke, Janine, Rachel Colley, Ian Janssen, and Mark S. Tremblay. 2019. "Accelerometer-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity of Canadian adults, 2007 to 2017." Health Reports. Vol. 30, no. 8. August 21. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X.

Langlois, K., Colley, R.C., Garriguet, D., Bushnik, T. & Mather, A. 2021, "Data profile: Expanding the research potential of the Canadian Health Measures Survey using paired respondent data", Health Reports, vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 3-10, Jul 2021.

External articles and publications

Biswas, Aviroop, Cynthia Chen, Stephanie A. Prince, Peter M. Smith and Cameron A. Mustard, (2022), "Workers' Activity Profiles Associated With Predicted 10‐Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk", Journal of the American Heart Association, e025148, 3 Jun 2022.

Chao, Yi-Sheng, Chao-Jung Wu, Hsing-Chien Wu, Hui-Ting Hsu, Lien-Cheng Tsao, Yen-Po Cheng, Yi-Chun Lai and Wei-Chih Chen. 2020. "Opportunities and Challenges From Leading Trends in a Biomonitoring Project: Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007-2017," Frontiers in Public Health September 9.

Eykolbosh, Angela, Kate Werry and Tom Kosatsky. 2018. "Leveraging the Canadian Health Measures Survey for environmental health research." Environment International. August.

Faure, Sarah, Nolwenn Noisel, Kate Werry, Subramanian Karthikeyan, Lesa L. Aylward, Annie St-Amand. 2020. "Evaluation of human biomonitoring data in a health risk based context: An updated analysis of population level data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey," International Journal of hygiene and Environmental Health Vol. 223, Issue 1, January p. 267-280.

Health Canada. 2020. "Report on Human Biomonitoring on Environmental Chemicals in Pooled Samples – Results of the Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycles 1 (2007-2008), 3 (2012-2013) 4 (2014-2015) and 5 (2016-2017)". December. 377 p.

Goodarzynejad, Hamidreza, Christopher Meaney, Paula Brauer, Michelle Greiver, Rahim Moineddin, and Alan A. Monavvari, (2022), "Recent trends in adult body mass index and prevalence of excess weight: Data from the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network", Canadian Family Physician 68, no. 2 (2022): 128-138, 01 February 2022.

Leung, Alexander A., Jeanne VA Williams, Karen C. Tran, and Raj S. Padwal, (2022), "Epidemiology of resistant hypertension in Canada", Canadian Journal of Cardiology 38, no. 5 (2022): 681-687, 01 May 2022.

NCD Risk Factor Collaboration paper, 2021. "Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight." eLife. March 9.

Prince, Stephanie A., Karen C. Roberts, Alexandria Melvin, Gregory P. Butler and Wendy Thompson. 2020. "Gender and education differences in sedentary behaviour in Canada: an analysis of national cross-sectional surveys". BMC Public Health (20:1170) Springer Link July 27.

Pollock, Tyler, Subramanian Karthikeyan, Mike Walker, Kate Werry and Annie St-Amand. 2021. "Trends in environmental chemical concentrations in the Canadian population: Biomonitoring data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007-2017." Elsevier. October Vol. 155.

Pullella, Katherine, Shelley A. Harris, John R. McLaughlin, Jan Lubinski, Steven A. Narod and Joanne Kotsopoulos, 2021, "Abstract 857: Evaluating the relationship between arsenic exposure and cancer risk in Canada", American Association for Cancer Research, Volume 81, Issue 13, July 2021.

Pullella, Katherine, Vicky C. Chang, Shelley A. Harris, Anthony J. Hanley, John R. McLaughlin, Jan Lubinski, Steven A. Narod, Joanne Kotsopoulos, (2022), "Abstract 5895: Examining the association between arsenic exposure and cancer risk among Canadian adults", Cancer Research, 82 (12_Supplement): 5895, 15 June 2022.

Salvador, Vincent D., and George L. Bakris., (2022), "Identifying resistant hypertension in the population: the devil is in the details", Canadian Journal of Cardiology 38, no. 5 (2022): 555-556, 13 January 2022.

TADDEI, Christina, Rod JACKSON, Bin ZHOU, Honor BIXBY, et al. 2019. "National trends in total cholesterol obscure heterogeneous changes in HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio: a pooled analysis of 458 population-based studies in Asian and Western countries." International Journal of Epidemiology, July.

Cycles 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 combined (2007 to 2019)

The Daily Releases

Statistics Canada, (2021) "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Environmental laboratory data, 2018-2019", The Daily, Released: 14 December 2021.

Data table

Anthropometry measures of the household population, Table: 13-10-0319-01 (formerly CANSIM 117-0001), Statistics Canada

Overweight and obesity based on measured body mass index, by age group and sex, Table: 13-10-0373-01, Statistics Canada

External articles and publications

Haines, Douglas A., Gurusankar Saravanabhavan, Kate Werry and Cheryl Khoury. "An overview of human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals in the Canadian Health Measures Survey: 2007-2019." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. Vol. 220, no. 2 Part A. March. p. 13-28

Health Canada. 2020. "Biomonitoring Content Summary for the Canadian Health Measures Survey: Cycle 1 – 6 (2007-2019)". December. 11 p.

The LANCET 2021, "Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants". The Lancet Journal, August 24.

Cycles 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 combined (2008 to 2019)

Data table

Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control, combined cycles, by age group and sex, Canada (excluding territories), Table: 13-10-0384-01, Release: 2021-06-28, Statistics Canada

Cycles 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 combined (2007 to 2025)

Eykelbosh, Angela, 2019. "Fit to the task: using Canadian data for evidence-informed public health.". Environment Health Review. Vol. 62, no. 3. October.

Cycles 1, 3, 4 et 5 combined (2007 to 2009, 2012 to 2013, 2014 to 2015 and 2016 to 2017)

Health Canada. 2020. "Report on Human Biomonitoring of Environmental Chemicals in Pooled Samples - Cycles 1, 3, 4 et 5 combined (2007 to 2009, 2012 to 2013, 2014 to 2015 and 2016 to 2017)". December 377 p.

Deploying your machine learning project as a service

By: Andres Solis Montero, Statistics Canada

The first step in the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) of a machine learning project is to define the problem statement and objectives. Then, gather, analyze and process data. The process continues with multiple—sometimes non-ending—iterations of modelling, training, hyperparameters tuning, testing and evaluation. These steps are essential to building a successful model and consume most of the development time and focus. But what happens next? Software packing and deployment? Most of the time, the final goal is delivering a product to clients, making code available to other teams or users for collaboration, or simply sharing the work and results with the world.

Deployment should not simply be the last step in the development cycle. Incrementally including good software engineering practices and open-source tools can improve development skills as well as an organization's ability to deliver applications and services faster. This approach helps build a product from the ground up that is easily shareable and deployable without a significant impact on modelling and developing time.

A project template following the practices and tools mentioned here is available for public use. This template can be your initial step when developing future machine learning projects— feel free to fork the project and extend its functionalities. Another interesting feature of this project structure is the separation of business logic for deployment, allowing it to follow Government of Canada API guidelines for delivering secure web services through HTTPS without the need to transform your code. This article assumes Python as the programming language to use; however, the methodologies and solutions presented here could also be implemented using any programming language.

Version Control

The first relevant practice to use when deploying a machine learning project as a service is version control. The use of version control for analytics projects was covered in a previous article that also highlighted its importance and value. This article presents a project structure to use within your version control system: a simple yet scalable project structure for any machine learning project.

  • LICENSE [License details]
  • README.md [Quick Usage Documentation]
  • CONTRIBUTING.md
  • SECURITY.md
  • docs [Documentation]
    • Makefile
    • conf.py
    • index.rst
    • make.bat
    • markdown [Manual Documentation]
      • model.md
      • problem_statement.md
      • relevant.md
  • src [Source Code]
    • mlapi
      • Dockerfile [Containerization]
      • requirements.txt
      • notebook.ipynb [Prototyping Notebook]
      • ml [ML modules]
        • classifier.py
        • model.joblib
      • main.py [REST API]

This structure reflects the production-ready code in the main branch. Other branches will mirror the same folder structure but serve different development phases, such as developing different versions, testing, new features and experiments. The goal of the main branch is that it is always release-ready, meaning that you can deploy from it at any time. Additionally, you can have multiple branches off the main branch that address production or development issues.

Git workflows and usage is an extensive topic and out of the scope of this article. Visit the public documentation for more detailed git usage guidelines.

Documentation

The second practice to take note of is documentation. Documenting the code is an important step to ensure your machine learning project is understandable and ready for deployment. Writing documentation can be daunting if you are trying to pull it together at the end of a project. With a few reasonable practices and tools, the work can be more manageable.

A well-documented project should target multiple users, from developers and maintainers to users, clients and stakeholders. The main interest of developers and maintainers is to understand implementation details and exposed Application Programming Interfaces (API). Users, clients and stakeholders want to know how to use the solution, data sources, Extract, Transform, and Load (ETL) pipelines and to understand the experiments and results.

Good project documentation is built as the project progresses, from the beginning, not just when the project is finished. Open-source tools such as Sphinx can automatically generate documentation from Docstring comments. Documenting the code as you go through the development life cycle of your project is an exercise that should be encouraged and that your team should follow. Following Docstring standards format when writing code can help to build comprehensive documentation of the code. Docstrings are a great way to generate API documentation as you write code by showcasing your models, parameters, functions and modules. The following docstring example demonstrates the mlapi.main.train function.

async def train(gradient_boosting: bool = False) -> bool:
    """ 
    FastAPI POST route '/train' endpoint to train our model     

    Args:
         gradient_boosting: bool            
                A boolean flag to switch between a DTreeClassifier or GradientBoostClassifier

    Returns:
           bool:
  	A boolean value identifying if training was successful.  
    """
    data = clf.dataset()
    return clf.train(data['X'], data['y'], gradient_boosting)

Integrating Sphinx with triggers in the versioning system can parse our project structure at each commit, looking for existing docstrings and automatically generating our documentation. In our sample project, the .gitlab.yaml configuration file will integrate our commits to the main branch with Sphinx to automatically generate our code's API documentation, as shown below.

async mlapi.main.train(gradient_boosting: bool = False) → bool
FastAPI POST route '/train' endpoint to train our model
Parameters: gradient_boosting – bool
A boolean flag to switch between a DTreeClassifier or GradientBoostClassifier
Returns: A boolean value identifying if training was successful.
Return type: bool

On the other hand, users, clients and stakeholders can benefit from our high-level project descriptions such as modelling details, objectives, input data sources, ETL pipelines, experiments and results. We complement code documentation by manually creating files under the docs/markdown/ folder. Sphinx has support for both ReStructuredText (.rst) and Markdown (.md), making generation of HTML and PDF documentation simple. Our project leverages both .rst and .md file formats, stored under the docs/ folder and specified in the index.rst file.

Pushing code to our main branch will trigger automatic documentation generation by inspecting all code docstrings under the source folder. During the same process, Markdown listed in the index are linked in the final documentation website. It is also important to specify a top-level README.md file containing a quick usage guide with relevant links and a LICENSE file disclosing our usage terms for clients and users.

REST APIs

The third practice to keep in mind for deployment of ML projects is the use of REST APIs. The Government of Canada has put an emphasis on the use of APIs as a means of deployment API as a client-server web service following a Representational State Transfer (REST) architectural style.

FastAPI is a modern, high-performance, web framework for building REST APIs. This increasingly popular open-source tool leverages Python type hints to automatically convert Python objects to JSON representations and vice-versa.

Let us talk a bit about the model implementation in our project before converting its API into a web REST API. Without losing generality, we selected a simple supervised classification model. This article is not about model training, so we will keep it simple for explanation purposes.

In the linked project, we selected the Iris data set to train a classification model. The data set contains four features (i.e., sepal length and width, and petal length and width). These features are used to classify each observation among three classes: Setosa, Versicolour, and Virginica.

We train our model with two simple classifiers, DecisionTreeClassifier and GradientBoosterClassifier, and use them to make future predictions. Our IrisClassifier model description and implementation can be found under src/mlapi/ml/classifier.py and contains five method calls (i.e., train, download, load, save, and predict).

Now, let us see how we can share our model as a web service. First, we create a FastAPI app instance and classifier inside a FastAPI application. The entry point is in the src/mlapi/main.py file.

app = FastAPI(title="MLAPI Template", description="API for ml model", version="1.0")
"""FastAPI app instance"""

clf = IrisClassifier.load()
"""Classifier instance"""

The IrisClassifier.load() method will return an already pre-trained classifier.

Then, we start by specifying our public HTTP routes to connect our web service to the classifier API.

@app.post("/train")
async def train(gradient_boosting: bool = False):
    """ Docstring """
    data = clf.dataset()
    clf.train(data['X'], data['y'], gradient_boosting)
    return True

The POST HTTP route @app.post('/train') accepts a Boolean flag to toggle between our two previously mentioned classifiers options. For each route request to /train, our web service will re-train the classifier using the Iris data set and the gradient_boostring flag and update the classifier (i.e., clf) instance.

Next, we define the route that will take our prediction requests; it will be a post method to /predict.

@app.post("/predict",response_model=IrisPredictionResponse)
async def predict(iris: IrisPredictionInput) :
    """ Docstring """
    return clf.predict(iris.data)

This method takes an IrisPredictionInput so it can ensure that the request data format is correct and return the IrisPredictionResponse class with the probabilities for each category. An IrisPredictionInput contains a data member with a list of observation features of size four, as seen in our Iris data set. FastAPI inspects Python type hints to convert the JSON post payload to the valid python objects declared by us in the same main.py file.

class IrisPredictionInput(BaseModel):
    """ Docstring """
    data: List[conlist(float, min_items=4, max_items=4)]

class IrisPredictionResponse(BaseModel):
    """ Docstring """
    prediction: List[int]
    probability: List[Any]

Finally, let us run our web service

src/mlapi$ uvicorn main:app --reload --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8888

Open https://127.0.0.1:8888/docs in your web browser. Since we diligently followed best practices, FastAPI was able to automatically create a nice Swagger webapp for documenting and testing our API. While this demonstrates how easy it is to use these development practices, it is only a small sample application. Finally, your organization certificate and private key can be passed to uvicorn during deployment, providing a secure HTTPS layer of communication for your API. There is no need to change your code nor modify it to make it secure as uvicorn will integrate Transport Layer Security (TLS) just by telling it where to find the certificate. Our project structure allows separation of business logic between your code and easy TLS deployment.

src/mlapi$ uvicorn main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8888 –ssl-keyfile=./key.pem --ssl-certificate=./cert.pem

If your organization has robust TLS infrastructure in place through alternate systems, these can wrapped around the container to make the process even easier. There are numerous ways to implement TLS

Containerization

The fourth practice to implement during the deployment of your machine learning project is containerization. Containerization is a form of operating system virtualization where applications run in isolated user spaces. A container is essentially a fully packaged computing environment that contains everything an application needs to run (e.g., code and all its dependencies). The container is abstracted from the host OS, allowing it to run the same code in any infrastructure without needing code refactoring (i.e., any OS, VM, or Cloud).

The advantage of coding our machine learning projects using a container is to control all our software dependencies and environment. Hence, we make sure that it can be shared and run as initially intended. What does this mean? We create a Docker image description file defining our dependencies and running process. This does not affect our model or implementations aside from the proposed folder structure; it reflects all of our code dependencies.

There are three basic requirements in our template for building the custom Docker image description (i.e., Dockerfile) used to run our model as a service. First, Docker images allow inheritance, meaning that we can build on images that use most of the same libraries and dependencies as our project. For example, we could select to extend our Dockerfile from an image using scikit-learn, pytorch, tensorflow, keras, or Caffe. Second, we will keep track of any python package dependencies that we use in our project inside of the file requirements.txt. Finally, we specify our container's command entry point pointing to execute our main app.

Dockerfile

FROM tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi:python3.7

WORKDIR /tmp
COPY requirements.txt requirements.txt
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt

COPY . /app
WORKDIR /app
CMD ["uvicorn", "main:app", "--reload", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "8888"]

The requirements.txt file contains a single python package name per line, specifying a necessary python dependency from our project.

requirements.txt

fastapi
uvicorn
pydantic
starlette
python-multipart
requests
scikit-learn
joblib

Now we can turn the definition file into a docker image and run the container pointing to our FastAPI service

src/mlapi$ docker build -t mlapi .
src/mlapi$ docker run -d -p 8888:8888 --name ml-mlapi mlapi

Modularization

The fifth and final practice highlighted in this article is modularization. Modularization is a technique used to divide a software system into multiple discrete and independent modules capable of carrying out tasks independently. These modules are considered basic constructs for the application.

If we want to develop code that is readable and maintainable, we must use some modular design. It is essential to separate our code into reusable unit building blocks. Splitting our code into different unit blocks allows us to execute the whole solution by putting them together. Although all of these are in a case-by-case scenario and project dependant; Machine Learning projects have very defining blocks such as data ETLs, pipelines, analysis, training, testing, results and report generation. Separating these logics in different code modules makes our python code readable and maintainable while keeping production costs low and speeding up our development cycle. Code that is not modular takes more time to move to production, and it is prone to errors and misconfigurations. It becomes a burden to review code multiple times before deployment.

Jupyter notebooks are one of the most common tools used when prototyping machine learning applications. They allow us to execute cells of code and document them in the same place. Unfortunately, they are not suitable for deploying a project; we need to translate their code into python modules. We could think of notebooks cells as building blocks of our prototype. Once tested, one or more code cells could be wrapped into a function or packed into a python module under /src/mlapi/ml folder. Then, we can import them from our notebooks and continue prototyping.

While prototyping our models, jupyter notebooks should be saved under the src/mlapi/ folder, next to the REST API main.py entry point. This ensures that our prototyping and production code maintain the same absolute module path imports. Also, the same way we package our code, project documentation could follow the same workflow. Jupyter markdown-cells containing meaningful information of the application should be moved to docs/markdown/<document>.md documents, extending our project documentation. Remember to add the reference to our Sphinx docs/index.rst file. These documentation pages can still be referenced from our prototyping notebook by linking to their final publishing location.

Another good modularization practice is limiting the amount of hard-coded variable values into our application, creating configuration files that reference these values, or making them arguments to a function. Use FastAPI BaseModel base class and Python data structures such as Enum, NamedTuple, and DataClasses objects, to specify arguments to our procedures and API calls. It is also good to make our model parameters and hyperparameters configurable and not hard-coded, allowing flexibility of setting different configurations every time we train or run our model.

In machine learning projects, training our model is highly dependent on our problem, input data, and format. Because of the multiple training iterations that our models go through, it is good to package the training code in an API that could be reusable. For example, instead of simply building code that processes our local copies of input files, we could translate the same principle to accept a single URL pointing to a compressed file containing all of the data set, following a particular structure. Other's data sets could follow the same structure and be incorporated into our training using the same code. Before creating our dataset packing structure, it is best to look for public datasets relevant to our problem and reuse their input format where possible. Standardizing our data sets is another positive way of creating modular machine learning code.

Always think of how we would like to use the solution before programming it. When building APIs or modules, think from the user's perspective and not the developer mindset. As data science continues to advance, resources continue to be produced on how to improve python code modularity and engineering skills.

Conclusion

Five software engineer practices that allow us to deploy machine learning projects

Description - Figure 1

Diagram depicting the five software engineer practices that allow us to deploy machine learning projects by serving our model as a restful web service.

Practice #1: Version control; The use of version control for analytics projects was covered in a previous article. This article presents a project structure to use within your version control system.

Practice #2: Documentation; Documenting the code is an important step to ensure your machine learning project is understandable and ready for deployment.

Practice #3: REST APIs; The Government of Canada has put an emphasis on the use of APIs as a means of deployment API as a client-server web service following a Representational State Transfer (REST) architecture style.

Practice #4: Containerization; Containerization is a form of operating system virtualization where applications run in isolated user spaces.

Practice #5: Modularization; Modularization is a technique used to divide a software system into multiple discrete and independent modules capable of carrying out tasks independently.

In this article we presented five software engineer practices that allow us to deploy machine learning projects by serving our model as a restful web service. We talk about the relevance of code versioning, documentation, REST API, containerization, and code modularization as fundamental steps to follow in your SDLC. Introducing good software development practices and the tools mentioned in this article will improve your project, code collaboration, and deployment. These are not the only good practices that we should focus on, but it is a good starting set to be aware of. For this article, we have created a basic project template following the practices mentioned here. Feel free to fork and reuse the template for your machine learning projects.

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Canadian Spring Wheat varieties - June 2021 to December 2021

Wheat, Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS)

The Canadian Grain Commission establishes the class Wheat, Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) and designates the varieties of wheat listed below to be in the CWRS class:

  • AAC Alida
  • AAC Bailey
  • AAC Brandon
  • AAC Broadacres
  • AAC Cameron
  • AAC Connery
  • AAC Elie
  • AAC Hockley
  • AAC Hodge
  • AAC Jatharia
  • AAC LeRoy
  • AAC Magnet
  • AAC Prevail
  • AAC Redberry
  • AAC Redstar
  • AAC Redwater Footnote 1
  • AAC Russell
  • AAC Starbuck
  • AAC Tisdale
  • AAC Viewfield
  • AAC W1876
  • AAC Warman
  • AAC Wheatland
  • AC Barrie
  • AC Cadillac
  • AC Domain Footnote 1
  • AC Elsa
  • AC Intrepid
  • AC Splendor
  • Bolles
  • Carberry
  • Cardale
  • CDC Abound
  • CDC Adamant
  • CDC Alsask
  • CDC Bounty
  • CDC Bradwell
  • CDC Go
  • CDC Hughes
  • CDC Imagine
  • CDC Kernen
  • CDC Landmark
  • CDC Ortona
  • CDC Pilar CLPlus
  • CDC Plentiful
  • CDC Silas Footnote 13
  • CDC Skrush
  • CDC Stanley
  • CDC Succession CLPlus
  • CDC Teal
  • CDC Thrive
  • CDC Titanium
  • CDC Utmost
  • CDC VR Morris
  • Coleman
  • Daybreak
  • Ellerslie
  • Fieldstar
  • Glenn
  • Go Early
  • Goodeve
  • Helios
  • Infinity
  • Jake
  • Journey
  • Laura
  • Lovitt
  • Muchmore Footnote 1
  • Parata
  • Peace
  • Prodigy
  • Rednet
  • Roblin
  • Shaw
  • Sheba
  • Somerset
  • Stettler
  • Superb
  • SY Brawn Footnote 2
  • SY Cast Footnote 2
  • SY Chert
  • SY Crossite Footnote 2
  • SY Gabbro
  • SY Obsidian
  • SY Slate
  • SY Sovite
  • SY Torach
  • SY 433
  • SY479 VB
  • SY637
  • Thorsby
  • Tracker
  • Vesper Footnote 1
  • Waskada
  • WR859 CL
  • Zealand
  • 5500HR
  • 5600HR
  • 5601HR
  • 5602HR
  • 5604HR CL
  • 5605HR CL Footnote 1

This order comes into effect on the later of the crop year commencing August 1, 2020 or the signing date, and is in effect until July 31, 2021, unless revoked earlier. The list was amended on June 18, 2021.

Wheat, Canada Northern Hard Red (CNHR)

The varieties of wheat listed below are designated to be in the CNHR class:

  • AAC Concord
  • AAC Tradition
  • AC Abbey
  • AC Cora
  • AC Crystal
  • AC Eatonia
  • AC Foremost
  • AC Majestic
  • AC Michael
  • AC Minto
  • AC Taber
  • Alikat
  • Alvena
  • CDC Cordon CLPlus
  • CDC Makwa
  • CDC Osler
  • Columbus
  • Conquer
  • Conway
  • Elgin ND
  • Faller
  • Harvest
  • Kane
  • Katepwa
  • Leader
  • Lillian
  • McKenzie
  • Neepawa
  • Oslo
  • Park
  • Pasqua
  • Pembina
  • Prosper
  • Shelly Footnote 3
  • Thatcher
  • Unity
  • 5603HR

This order comes into effect on the later of the crop year commencing August 1, 2020 or the signing date, and is in effect until July 31, 2021, unless revoked earlier.

Wheat, Canada Prairie Spring Red (CPSR)

The Canadian Grain Commission establishes the class Wheat, Canada Prairie Spring Red (CPSR) and designates the varieties of wheat listed below to be in the CPSR class:

  • AAC Castle
  • AAC Crossfield
  • AAC Crusader
  • AAC Entice
  • AAC Foray
  • AAC Goodwin
  • AAC Penhold
  • AAC Perform Footnote 11
  • AAC Ryley
  • AAC Tenacious
  • Accelerate
  • CDC Reign
  • CDC Terrain
  • Cutler
  • Enchant
  • Forefront
  • SY Rorke Footnote 4
  • SY Rowyn
  • SY985
  • SY995
  • 5700PR
  • 5701PR
  • 5702PR

This order comes into effect on the later of the crop year commencing August 1, 2020 or the signing date, and is in effect until July 31, 2021, unless revoked earlier. The list was amended on May 27, 2021.

Wheat, Canada Prairie Spring White (CPSW)

The varieties of wheat listed below are designated to be in the CPSW class:

  • AC Karma
  • AC Vista

This order comes into effect on the later of the crop year commencing August 1, 2020 or the signing date, and is in effect until July 31, 2021, unless revoked earlier.

Wheat, Canada Western Extra Strong (CWES)

The varieties of wheat listed below are designated to be in the CWES class:

  • AC Corinne
  • Amazon
  • Bluesky
  • Burnside
  • CDC Rama
  • CDC Walrus
  • CDN Bison
  • Glenavon
  • Glencross
  • Glenlea
  • Laser
  • Wildcat

This order comes into effect on the later of the crop year commencing August 1, 2020 or the signing date, and is in effect until July 31, 2021, unless revoked earlier.

Wheat, Canada Western Hard White Spring (CWHWS)

The varieties of wheat listed below are designated to be in the CWHWS class:

  • AAC Cirrus
  • AAC Iceberg
  • AAC Tomkins
  • AAC Whitefox
  • AAC Whitehead Footnote 12
  • CDC Whitewood
  • Kanata
  • Snowbird
  • Snowstar
  • Whitehawk

This order comes into effect on the later of the crop year commencing August 1, 2020 or the signing date, and is in effect until July 31, 2021, unless revoked earlier. The list was amended on February 17, 2021.

Wheat, Canada Western Soft White Spring (CWSWS)

The varieties of wheat listed below are designated to be in the CWSWS class:

  • AAC Chiffon
  • AAC Indus
  • AAC Paramount
  • AC Andrew
  • AC Meena
  • AC Nanda
  • AC Phil
  • AC Reed
  • Bhishaj
  • Sadash

This order comes into effect on the later of the crop year commencing August 1, 2020 or the signing date, and is in effect until July 31, 2021, unless revoked earlier.

Wheat, Canada Eastern Red Spring (CERS)

The Canadian Grain Commission establishes the class Wheat, Canada Eastern Red Spring (CERS) and designates the varieties of wheat listed below to be in the CERS class:

This order comes into effect on the later of the crop year commencing August 1, 2020 or the signing date, and is in effect until July 31, 2021, unless revoked earlier. The list was amended on May 27, 2021.

Follow-up to Statistics Canada's 2021 Website Evaluation

Consultation Objectives

For the follow-up to Statistics Canada's 2021 Website Evaluation survey, Statistics Canada will conduct a return evaluation of its website. During July, August and September 2021 we will gather additional feedback from visitors on:

  • success in finding information and completing tasks
  • areas of improvement for the website.

The feedback will be used to help Statistics Canada improve its website.

How to get involved

Individuals who wish to obtain more information or want to take part in the consultation may contact us by email at statcan.websitesatisfaction-satisfactiondusiteweb.statcan@statcan.gc.ca.

Please note that Statistics Canada selects participants for each consultation to ensure that feedback is sought from a representative sample of the target population for the study. Not all applicants will be asked to participate in a given consultation.

Statistics Canada is committed to respecting the privacy of consultation participants. All personal information created, held or collected by the agency is protected by the Privacy Act. For more information on Statistics Canada's privacy policies, please consult the privacy notice.

Results

Results of the follow-up visitor satisfaction evaluation will be published online when available.

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Retail Trade Survey (Monthly): CVs for Total sales by geography - May 2021

CVs for Total sales by geography - April 2021
This table displays the results of Annual Retail Trade Survey: CVs for Total sales by geography - May 2021. The information is grouped by Geography (appearing as row headers), Month and Percent (appearing as column headers).
Geography Month
202105
%
Canada 0.8
Newfoundland and Labrador 1.5
Prince Edward Island 1.1
Nova Scotia 1.8
New Brunswick 1.8
Quebec 1.6
Ontario 1.8
Manitoba 1.3
Saskatchewan 2.6
Alberta 2.1
British Columbia 1.3
Yukon Territory 1.3
Northwest Territories 0.7
Nunavut 0.7

Data accuracy measures by type of shipment, Canada: 2018

Data accuracy measures by type of shipment, Canada
  2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008
All shipments a a a a a a a a a a a
Domestic shipments a b a a a a a a a a a
Transborder shipments b b b a b a a b a b b
Local shipments b b b b b b a b b b b
Long distance shipments a b a a a a a a a a a

The data accuracy measures are for the "weight" variable.

"a" is excellent; CV from 0.01% to 4.99%
"b" is very good; CV from 5.00% to 9.99%
"c" is good; CV from 10.00% to 14.99%
"d" is acceptable; CV from 15.00% to 24.99%
"e" is use with caution; CV from 25.00% to 49.99%
"f" is unreliable; CV is 50.00% or higher

Response Rate
  2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008
Unweighted response rate 94% 92% 92% 93% 92% 92% 92% 95% 93% 93% 93%

Wholesale Trade Survey (monthly): CVs for total sales by geography - May 2021

Wholesale Trade Survey (monthly): CVs for total sales by geography - May 2021
Geography Month
202005 202006 202007 202008 202009 202010 202011 202012 202101 202102 202103 202104 202105
percentage
Canada 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.9
Newfoundland and Labrador 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.2 1.2 2.4
Prince Edward Island 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nova Scotia 5.5 2.5 2.1 1.9 1.7 2.7 3.4 6.3 1.8 1.7 2.6 4.8 8.1
New Brunswick 3.2 2.7 2.0 3.6 3.5 2.9 5.0 3.5 3.4 2.6 1.1 1.1 2.1
Quebec 1.9 2.0 1.7 2.3 1.9 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8 3.1
Ontario 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.2
Manitoba 2.6 1.1 1.2 1.8 2.8 1.7 1.4 2.5 1.7 2.4 1.8 2.8 4.0
Saskatchewan 0.6 0.7 1.2 1.4 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.2 0.8 0.6
Alberta 2.9 2.5 2.3 1.9 3.4 1.3 1.3 1.7 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.4
British Columbia 1.8 1.6 1.3 1.9 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.3
Yukon Territory 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northwest Territories 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nunavut 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Responsible use of machine learning at Statistics Canada

By: Keven Bosa, Statistics Canada

More and more data are being generated on a daily basis. We need only think of data from cellphones, satellite imagery, web browsing or optical readers. The profusion of data is increasing the public's appetite for new, more detailed and timely statistics. Like many other national statistical organizations, Statistics Canada has embraced this new reality and is using more and more alternative data sources to improve and modernize its different statistical programs. Given their volume and speed, machine learning methods are often required to use these new data sources.

Statistics Canada has conducted many projects using machine learning methods over the past three years. For example, data scientists used natural language processing to assign a class to comments from respondents to the census and other surveys. Unsupervised learning methods were used to partition the Canadian Coroner and Medical Examiner Database into homogeneous groups to improve understanding of certain events. A supervised learning algorithm was developed to predict crop yield. Projects using neural networks on satellite images are currently underway to optimize the Agriculture Program. In one project, the goal is to detect the presence of greenhouses, while the other project aims to identify different types of field crops. An algorithm was also developed to extract financial information from PDF documents. The examples above give an idea of the variety of issues for which machine learning is used.

The use of machine learning has its benefits: the ability to process large amounts of unstructured data, automating existing processes, improved coverage and accuracy, and many more. However, it also raises several questions such as:

  • Does the process protect data integrity and confidentiality?
  • Is the quality of the training data adequate for the desired objective?
  • Once the algorithm is in place, who is responsible for the results and their effects?

Following these questions and the increased use of machine learning methods at Statistics Canada, the Modern Statistical Methods and Data Science Branch recognized the need for a framework to guide the development of machine learning processes and to make them responsible processes.

The Framework for Responsible Machine Learning Processes at Statistics Canada will be presented in this article, followed by a brief explanation of the review process put in place to implement the Framework. Finally, this article will conclude with some thoughts regarding future work.

Presentation of the Framework

Before presenting the framework adopted by Statistics Canada, we will give a brief overview of the Treasury Board Secretariat's Directive on Automated Decision-Making, which was the subject of an article in the June issue of the newsletter. It states that: "The objective of this Directive is to ensure that Automated Decision Systems are deployed in a manner that reduces risks to Canadians and federal institutions, and leads to more efficient, accurate, consistent, and interpretable decisions made pursuant to Canadian law." It also states that the Directive "... applies to any system, tool, or statistical models used to recommend or make an administrative decision about a client." At Statistics Canada, all projects that use machine learning or modelling, more generally, are part of a statistical program that does not aim to make administrative decisions about a client, at least not so far. As a result, Statistics Canada has not yet had to comply with this Directive and assess the impact of these decisions using the Algorithmic Impact Assessment Tool. However, as mentioned at the end of the previous section, Statistics Canada was proactive in adopting this Framework to ensure responsible use of machine learning at the agency.

Figure 1 provides a good overview of the Framework for Responsible Machine Learning Processes at Statistics Canada:

Framework for Responsible Machine Learning Processes

Description - Figure 1

Circular diagram depicting the four pivotal concepts for the production of trustworthy insight from responsible machine learning processes. Starting from the top left and moving clockwise:

Concept #1: Respect for People with attributes such as Value to Canadians; Prevention of harm; Fairness and Accountability.

Concept #2: Sound Application with attributes such as Transparency; Reproducibility of process and results.

Concept #3: Sound Methods with attributes such as Quality learning data; Valid inference; Rigorous modelling and Explainability.

Concept #4: Respect for Data with attributes such as Privacy; Security and Confidentiality.

Assessed through self-evaluation and peer review, using a checklist and producing a report or dashboard.

The Framework consists of guidelines for responsible machine learning, organized into four themes: Respect for People; Respect for Data; Sound Methods; and Sound Application. All four themes work together to ensure the ethical use of both the algorithms and the results of machine learning. These guidelines apply to all of Statistics Canada's statistical programs and projects that use machine learning algorithms, particularly those put into production. This includes supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms.

The theme Respect for People is described using four attributes.

  1. The concept of Value to Canadians in the context of machine learning means that its use must create added value, whether in the products themselves or through greater efficiency in the production process.
  2. Prevention of harm requires an awareness of the potential harm and meaningful dialogue with stakeholders, spokespersons and advocates prior to the implementation of a machine learning project.
  3. Fairness implies that the principle of proportionality between means and ends is respected, and that a balance is struck between competing interests and objectives. Fairness ensures that individuals and groups are free from unfair bias, discrimination and stigmatization.
  4. Accountability is the legal and ethical obligation on an individual or organization to be responsible for its activities and to disclose the results in a transparent manner. Algorithms are not accountable; somebody is accountable for the algorithms.

Statistics Canada takes data seriously. The theme of Respect for Data has three attributes: privacy of the people to whom the data pertain; security of information throughout the data lifecycle; and confidentiality of identifiable information.

  1. Privacy is the right to be left alone, to be free from interference, surveillance and intrusions. When acquiring sensitive information, governments have obligations with respect to the collection, use, disclosure and retention of personal information. Privacy generally refers to information about individual persons (definition from the Policy on Privacy and Confidentiality).
  2. Security is the arrangements organizations use to prevent confidential information from being obtained or disclosed inappropriately, based on assessed threats and risks. Security measures also protect the integrity, availability and value of the information assets. This includes both physical safeguards, such as restricted access to areas where the information is stored and used, and security clearances for employees, as well as technological safeguards to prevent unauthorized electronic access (definition from the Policy on Privacy and Confidentiality).
  3. Confidentiality refers to a protection not to release identifiable information about an individual (such as a person, business or organization). It implies a relationship of "trust" between the supplier of the information and the organization collecting it; this relationship is built on the assurance that the information will not be disclosed without the individual's permission or without due legal authority (definition from the Policy on Privacy and Confidentiality).

Sound application refers to implementing, maintaining and documenting machine learning processes in such a way that the results are always reliable and the entire process can be understood and recreated. This theme has two attributes: transparency and reproducibility of process and results.

  1. Transparency refers to having a clear justification for what makes this particular algorithm and learning data the most appropriate for the application under study. To achieve transparency, machine learning developers should create comprehensive documentation, including making code accessible and available to others, without compromising confidentiality or privacy.
  2. Reproducibility of process means that there is sufficient documentation and code sharing such that the machine learning process could be recreated "from scratch." Reproducibility of results means that the same results are reliably produced when all the operating conditions are controlled. There are no ad hoc or human intervention steps that could alter the results.

Sound methods are those that can be relied on to efficiently and effectively produce the expected results. Statistics Canada typically follows recognized protocols involving consultation with peers and experts, documentation and testing in developing sound methods. This theme has four attributes: quality of learning data; valid inference; rigorous modelling; and explainability.

  1. In the context of machine learning, the quality of learning data is measured by both the consistency and accuracy of labelled data. Coverage, meaning that the labels and descriptions cover the entire span of what the algorithm will encounter in production is also important to reduce the risk of bias or discrimination (fairness), and representativity in terms of the distribution of the input or feature variables is important for realistic measures of performance.
  2. Valid inference refers to the ability to extrapolate based on a sample to arrive at correct conclusions with a known precision about the population from which the sample was drawn. In the machine learning context, valid inference means that predictions made on never-before-seen data using the trained model are reasonably close to their respective true values in a high proportion, or in the case of categorical data, predictions are correct in a high proportion.
  3. Rigorous modelling in machine learning means ensuring that the algorithms are verified and validated. This will enable users and decision-makers to justifiably trust the algorithm in terms of fitness for use, reliability and robustness.
  4. An explainable model is one with sufficient documentation that it is clear how the results should be used, and what sorts of conclusions or further investigations can be supported. In other words, an explainable model is not a black box.

Review process

The review process consists of the implementation of the Framework. The focus is on projects with targets for using machine learning methods in one or more steps leading to the production of official statistics. The process includes three steps: self-assessment using the checklist; peer review; presentation of the project to the Modern Statistical Methods and Data Science Branch's Scientific Review Committee.

First, the team that developed the project using machine learning methods must conduct a self-assessment of the use of those techniques. To that end, the team must review the Framework and answer the questions in the checklist. The checklist is a questionnaire in which each guideline in the Framework is generally reformulated into one or more questions. That questionnaire and the project documentation and methods used are then sent to the review team.

Peer review can then begin. Reviewers from two different teams will be involved. The questions and the documentation on the first two themes of the Framework, Respect for People and Respect for Data, will be assessed by the Data Ethics Secretariat team while the section on the last two themes, Sound Application and Sound Methods, will be assessed by a team from the Data Science Methods and Quality Section. Following that assessment, a report containing recommendations will be sent to the project manager.

The final step in the review process is presenting the project to the Modern Statistical Methods and Data Science Branch's Scientific Review Committee. This presentation sets out the methodology used during the machine learning process before an expert panel. The role of this committee is to challenge the methodology, including identifying potential gaps or problems and proposing improvements and corrections. Ultimately, the committee will recommend whether or not to implement the proposed methodology for the production of official statistics.

What's next?

Is this the end of the story? No, it is actually the beginning. New data sources and machine learning methods are emerging almost every day. To remain relevant, the Framework presented in this article must be frequently adapted and revised to reflect emerging issues of ethics and quality. Statistics Canada continues to apply this Framework to machine learning processes and to be aware of applications where the Directive on Automated Decision-Making could apply. The agency is in the process of establishing a register of all applications that have gone through this review process so it can be easily referenced when requests arise. Do you have questions about the responsible use of certain machine learning methods? Are you required to submit your projects to the Treasury Board Secretariat's Directive and to submit an independent assessment of your application? At Statistics Canada, we have already done this type of review for another department using the Framework discussed in this article and are available to do other reviews if need be. Please contact statcan.dscd-ml-review-dscd-revue-aa.statcan@statcan.gc.ca.

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Why do we conduct this survey?

The purpose of this survey is to obtain information on the expenditures made by industry to protect the environment in Canada. This information serves as an important indicator of Canadian investment in environmental protection.

Data from this survey are used by all levels of government in establishing informed environmental policies. The private sector also uses this information in the corporate decision-making process.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Your participation in this survey is required under the authority of the Statistics Act.

Other important information

Authorization to collect this information

Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

Confidentiality

By law, Statistics Canada is prohibited from releasing any information it collects that could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent, or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes only.

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the reporting burden, Statistics Canada may combine the acquired data with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Data-sharing agreements

To reduce respondent burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data-sharing agreements with provincial and territorial statistical agencies and other government organizations, which have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes. Statistics Canada will only share data from this survey with those organizations that have demonstrated a requirement to use the data.

Section 11 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with provincial and territorial statistical agencies that meet certain conditions. These agencies must have the legislative authority to collect the same information, on a mandatory basis, and the legislation must provide substantially the same provisions for confidentiality and penalties for disclosure of confidential information as the Statistics Act. Because these agencies have the legal authority to compel businesses to provide the same information, consent is not requested and businesses may not object to the sharing of the data.

For this survey, there are Section 11 agreements with the provincial and territorial statistical agencies of Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia and the Yukon. The shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Section 12 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with federal, provincial or territorial government organizations. Under Section 12, you may refuse to share your information with any of these organizations by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician, specifying the organizations with which you do not want Statistics Canada to share your data and mailing it to the following address:

  • Chief Statistician of Canada
  • Statistics Canada
  • Attention of Director, Enterprise Statistics Division
  • 150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
  • Ottawa, Ontario
  • K1A 0T6

You may also contact us by email at statcan.esdhelpdesk-dsebureaudedepannage.statcan@statcan.gc.ca or by fax at 613-951-6583.

For this survey, there are Section 12 agreements with Natural Resources Canada; Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada; Sustainable Development Technology Canada; and the statistical agencies of Prince Edward Island, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut.

For agreements with provincial and territorial government organizations, the shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Reporting instructions

  • Please print in ink.
  • This survey requires all environmental protection expenditures to be reported, whether or not they are in response to current or anticipated Canadian or international regulations, conventions or voluntary agreements.
  • Please report expenditures made by the establishment listed above.
  • Report all dollar amounts in Canadian dollars (CAN$), rounded to the nearest dollar.
  • Percentages should be rounded to whole numbers.
  • When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimates.
  • Enter '0' if there is no value to report.

Business or organization and contact information

1. Verify or provide the business or organization's legal and operating name and correct where needed.

Note: Legal name modifications should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

Legal Name

The legal name is one recognized by law, thus it is the name liable for pursuit or for debts incurred by the business or organization. In the case of a corporation, it is the legal name as fixed by its charter or the statute by which the corporation was created.

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

To indicate a legal name of another legal entity you should instead indicate it in question 3 by selecting 'Not currently operational' and then choosing the applicable reason and providing the legal name of this other entity along with any other requested information.

Operating Name

The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

  • Legal name
  • Operating name (if applicable)

2. Verify or provide the contact information of the designated business or organization contact person for this questionnaire and correct where needed.

Note: The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire.

  • First name
  • Last name
  • Title
  • Preferred language of communication
    • English
    • French
  • Mailing address (number and street)
  • City
  • Province, territory or state
  • Postal code or ZIP code
  • Country
  • Email address
  • Telephone number (including area code)
  • Extension number (if applicable)
  • The maximum number of characters is 10.
  • Fax number (including area code)

3. Verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

  • Operational
  • Not currently operational
    Why is this business or organization not currently operational?
    • Seasonal operations
      • When did this business or organization close for the season?
        • Date
      • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
        • Date
    • Ceased operations
      • When did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Date
      • Why did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Bankruptcy
        • Liquidation
        • Dissolution
        • Other - Specify the other reasons for ceased operations:
    • Sold operations
      • When was this business or organization sold?
        • Date
      • What is the legal name of the buyer?
    • Amalgamated with other businesses or organizations
      • When did this business or organization amalgamate?
        • Date
      • What is the legal name of the resulting or continuing business or organization?
      • What are the legal names of the other amalgamated businesses or organizations?
    • Temporarily inactive but will re-open
      • When did this business or organization become temporarily inactive?
        • Date
      • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
        • Date
      • Why is this business or organization temporarily inactive?
    • No longer operating due to other reasons
      • When did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Date
      • Why did this business or organization cease operations?

4. Verify or provide the current main activity of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

Note: The described activity was assigned using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

This question verifies the business or organization's current main activity as classified by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. Created against the background of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is designed to provide common definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three economies. NAICS is based on supply-side or production-oriented principles, to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS, are suitable for the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.

The target entity for which NAICS is designed are businesses and other organizations engaged in the production of goods and services. They include farms, incorporated and unincorporated businesses and government business enterprises. They also include government institutions and agencies engaged in the production of marketed and non-marketed services, as well as organizations such as professional associations and unions and charitable or non-profit organizations and the employees of households.

The associated NAICS should reflect those activities conducted by the business or organizational units targeted by this questionnaire only, as identified in the 'Answering this questionnaire' section and which can be identified by the specified legal and operating name. The main activity is the activity which most defines the targeted business or organization's main purpose or reason for existence. For a business or organization that is for-profit, it is normally the activity that generates the majority of the revenue for the entity.

The NAICS classification contains a limited number of activity classifications; the associated classification might be applicable for this business or organization even if it is not exactly how you would describe this business or organization's main activity.

Please note that any modifications to the main activity through your response to this question might not necessarily be reflected prior to the transmitting of subsequent questionnaires and as a result they may not contain this updated information.

The following is the detailed description including any applicable examples or exclusions for the classification currently associated with this business or organization.

Description and examples

  • This is the current main activity
    • Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's main activity
    • e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development
  • This is not the current main activity

Main activity

5. You indicated that is not the current main activity.

Was this business or organization's main activity ever classified as: ?

  • Yes
    • When did the main activity change?
    • Date
  • No

6. Search and select the industry classification code that best corresponds to this business or organization's main activity.

Select this business or organization's activity sector (optional)

  • Farming or logging operation
  • Construction company or general contractor
  • Manufacturer
  • Wholesaler
  • Retailer
  • Provider of passenger or freight transportation
  • Provider of investment, savings or insurance products
  • Real estate agency, real estate brokerage or leasing company
  • Provider of professional, scientific or technical services
  • Provider of health care or social services
  • Restaurant, bar, hotel, motel or other lodging establishment
  • Other sector

Solid waste management

1. Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses for non-hazardous and hazardous solid waste management during the 2020 fiscal year.

Include expenditures related to:

  • non-hazardous and hazardous solid waste collection, transport, treatment, storage, disposal, recycling, and composting
  • on-site preparation of materials for recycling at an off-site facility done by your establishment's employees and services provided by a private contractor or a federal, provincial or local government body
  • assessments and audits
  • activities related to measurement, control, laboratories
  • municipal services
  • both own-account expenses (e.g., employee wages and salaries) and purchased goods and services.

Exclude expenditures on:

  • on-site recycling
  • sewage or wastewater management (to be reported in question 5)
  • treatment of high-level radioactive waste (to be reported in question 25).

Report $0 for the two categories of expenditures if your establishment is located on a rental property, and that these expenditures are included in the rent paid to the owner of the building.

To report operating expenses:

Include all expenses related to environmental protection incurred for labour, materials and supplies, maintenance and repair, and purchased services (include fuel and electricity expenses for machinery and equipment whose sole purpose is to protect the environment).

Exclude depreciation on machinery and equipment.

To report capital expenditures:

Include all relevant outlays for machinery and equipment and their installation and repair that have been capitalized, as well as for the construction of non-residential facilities (contractors or own employees). For construction, include all costs associated with demolition, planning and design (such as engineering and consulting fees), any materials supplied to construction contractors for installation and any costs associated with the purchase of land that are neither amortized nor depreciated.

Exclude any provisions for future environmental liability.

If the expenditure is zero or if not applicable, enter '0' in the corresponding box. When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Note: This survey requires all environmental protection expenditures to be reported, whether or not they are in response to current or anticipated Canadian or international regulations, conventions or voluntary agreements.

To report operating expenses:

Include all expenses related to environmental protection incurred for labour, materials and supplies, maintenance and repair, and purchased services (include fuel and electricity expenses for machinery and equipment whose sole purpose is to protect the environment).

Exclude depreciation on machinery and equipment.

To report capital expenditures:

Include all relevant outlays for machinery and equipment and their installation and repair that have been capitalized, as well as for the construction of non-residential facilities (contractors or own employees). For construction, include all costs associated with demolition, planning and design (such as engineering and consulting fees), any materials supplied to construction contractors for installation and any costs associated with the purchase of land that are neither amortized nor depreciated.

Exclude any provisions for future environmental liability.

Environmental protection expenditures:

All operating expenses and capital and repair expenditures whose primary purpose is the prevention, reduction or elimination of pollution and/or other forms of degradation of the environment as well as measures taken to restore the environment from a degraded state. This includes expenditures that this specific establishment incurred for pollution prevention, abatement and control; solid waste management; wastewater management; protection and remediation of soil, groundwater and surface water; protection and restoration of biodiversity and habitat; environmental monitoring; environmental assessments and audits; relevant training and administrative costs, etc.

Exclude expenditures made to improve employee health, workplace safety, and site beautification. Expenses incurred to produce pollution prevention or abatement and control equipment for sale are also excluded as they would appear twice in the expenditure data produced by Statistics Canada. Expenditures for environment-related research and development are also excluded since they are collected elsewhere in Statistics Canada.

Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses for non-hazardous and hazardous solid waste management during the 2020 fiscal year.
  CAN$
Capital expenditures  
Operating expenses  
Total expenditures  

2. Of the total expenditures reported in question 1, report the proportion spent on purchased goods, technologies and services.

Purchased goods, technologies and services are goods, technologies and services provided by an outside company or service provider. They exclude in-house or own-account expenditures, such as employee wages and salaries.

When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Percentage spent

3. Which of the following goods and technologies related to solid waste management were purchased by this establishment during the 2020 fiscal year?

Select all that apply.

  • Collection vehicles for waste, recycling and organics
  • Containers for collection of waste, recycling and organics
  • Other recycling equipment used in collection
  • Separating and sorting-related goods and technologies - e.g., air classifiers, magnetic separators, eddy current separators
  • Compaction-related goods and technologies - e.g., balers, densifiers, compactors, shredders, granulators
  • Centralized biological reprocessing technologies - e.g., centralized composters
  • Equipment for landfill leachate collection and containment
  • Equipment for landfill gas management
  • Equipment for thermal treatment - e.g., rotary kiln incinerator, mass burning, starved air incinerator, fluidized bed
  • Other solid waste management goods or technologies - Specify other solid waste management goods or technologies:
  • No purchases

4. Which of the following services related to solid waste management (i.e., waste, recycling and organics) were used by this establishment during the 2020 fiscal year?

Select all that apply.

  • Solid waste collection and treatment services provided by a government body (paid in taxes, like municipal taxes) - Include services offered by government bodies (e.g., municipal waste collection) or by a private company hired by a government body to collect and manage solid waste
  • Solid waste collection and treatment services provided by a private contractor - Include services provided by a private contractor hired by your establishment to collect and manage solid waste - e.g., GFL (Green for life), Wasteco
  • Solid waste collection and treatment services included in the rent (paid by the owner of the building)
  • Other solid waste management services - Specify other solid waste management services:
  • No services used

Wastewater management

5. Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses for wastewater management during the 2020 fiscal year.

Include expenditures related to:

  • prevention of wastewater through in-process modifications
  • wastewater treatment, including pollution abatement and control (end-of-pipe) processes
  • management of substances released to surface waters, municipal sewer systems, soil, or underground
  • treatment of cooling water for disposal
  • the installation of sewage infrastructure and expenditures related to the use, collection, treatment and disposal of sewage, including septic tanks
  • sewage services provided by a federal, provincial or local government body (e.g., municipal services)
  • handling and treatment of mine tailings
  • assessments and audits
  • activities related to measurement, control, laboratories
  • both own-account expenses (e.g., employee wages and salaries) and purchased goods and services.

Exclude expenditures on the protection of groundwater from pollutant infiltration and the cleaning up of soil and water bodies after pollution (to be reported in question 18).

Report $0 for the two categories of expenditures if your establishment is located on a rental property, and that these expenditures are included in the rent paid to the owner of the building

If the expenditure is zero or if not applicable, enter '0' in the corresponding box. When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Note: This survey requires all environmental protection expenditures to be reported, whether or not they are in response to current or anticipated Canadian or international regulations, conventions or voluntary agreements.

Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses for wastewater management during the 2020 fiscal year.
  CAN$
Capital expenditures  
Operating expenses  
Total expenditures  

6. Of the total expenditures reported in question 5, report the proportion spent on purchased goods, technologies and services.

Purchased goods, technologies and services are goods, technologies and services provided by an outside company or service provider. They exclude in-house or own-account expenditures, such as employee wages and salaries.

When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Percentage spent

Wastewater pollution abatement and control (end-of-pipe processes) is any method, technique, or process designed to manage and treat pollution after it is generated during the production process.

For example:

  • biological and chemical systems to treat water (such as water treatment plants)
  • filtration systems
  • cyclones
  • septic tanks, portable toilets
  • other barrier systems
  • treatment of cooling water before release
  • municipal, provincial or federal sewage services.

Wastewater pollution prevention (integrated processes) is any method, technique, or process that reduces or eliminates the amount of pollution generated during the production process i.e., before pollution is created. Pollution prevention activities can include equipment and technology modifications.

For example:

  • product design or reformulation to be less toxic upon use, release or disposal
  • equipment or process modifications (integrated processes)
  • recirculation, on-site recycling or reuse or recovery of polluting substances
  • materials or feedstock substitution, solvent reduction, elimination or substitution
  • improved inventory management or purchasing techniques
  • prevention of leaks and spills of polluting substances
  • improved operating practices or pollution prevention training.

7. Of the capital expenditures reported for wastewater management (question 5a), what proportion was spent on each of the following?

If the proportion is zero, enter '0' in the corresponding box. When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

For both categories of wastewater management, exclude expenditures on the protection of groundwater from pollution infiltration and the cleaning up of soil and water bodies after pollution (to be reported under 'Protection and remediation of soil, groundwater and surface water').

Of the capital expenditures reported for wastewater management (question 5a), what proportion was spent on each of the following?
  Percentage
Pollution abatement and control (end-of-pipe)  
Pollution prevention (integrated processes)  
Total percentage  

8. Of the operating expenses reported for wastewater management (question 5b), what proportion was spent on each of the following?

If the proportion is zero, enter '0' in the corresponding box. When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Of the operating expenses reported for wastewater management (question 5b), what proportion was spent on each of the following?
  Percentage
Pollution abatement and control (end-of-pipe)  
Pollution prevention (integrated processes)  
Total percentage  

9. Which of the following goods and technologies related to wastewater management were purchased by this establishment during the 2020 fiscal year?

Select all that apply.

  • Tanks and related components for dilution or equalization, neutralization, sedimentation, chemical precipitation
  • Oil separators, skimmers used in industrial wastewater
  • Oil separators, skimmers in sewage treatment
  • Ion exchange beds
  • Air stripping tanks or columns
  • Liquid extraction columns
  • Micro-porous membrane adsorbers
  • Equipment for advanced chemical oxidation or UV radiation
  • Pre-treatment filters
  • Chemicals used in industrial wastewater treatment
  • Chemicals used in sewage treatment
  • Intake screens
  • Air sparging grit chambers
  • Tanks and related components for sedimentation, chemical precipitation or flocculation, aerobic biological treatment, aeration, clarification, disinfection
  • Membrane bioreactors
  • Trickling filters
  • Anaerobic digesters
  • Other goods and technologies related to wastewater management - Specify other goods and technologies related to wastewater management:
  • No purchases

10. Which of the following services related to wastewater management were used by this establishment during the 2020 fiscal year?

Select all that apply.

  • Wastewater management services provided by a government body (paid in taxes, like municipal taxes) - Include services offered by government bodies (e.g., municipal sewage) or by a private company hired by a government body to manage and treat wastewater
  • Wastewater management services provided by a private contractor - Include services provided by a private contractor hired by your establishment to manage wastewater - e.g., private company contracted to empty the sceptic tank
  • Wastewater management services included in the rent (paid by the owner of the building)
  • Other wastewater management services - Specify other wastewater management services:
  • No services used

Environmental protection

11. During the 2020 fiscal year, did this establishment have environmental protection expenditures in any of the following categories?

Include capital expenditures and operating expenses.

Report both own-account expenses (e.g., employee wages and salaries) and purchased goods and services.

Please select either "Yes" or "No" for each type of expenditure. Please do not leave any question blank.

During the 2020 fiscal year, did this establishment have environmental protection expenditures in any of the following categories?
  Yes No
Air pollution management    
Protection and remediation of soil, groundwater and surface water    
Protection of biodiversity and habitat    
Noise and vibration abatement    
Protection against radiation    
Environmental charges    
Other environmental protection activities    

Air pollution management

12. Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses for air pollution management during the 2020 fiscal year.

Include expenditures related to:

  • the management of pollutant emissions to the atmosphere, including greenhouse gases
  • both pollution prevention (integrated processes) and pollution abatement and control (end-of-pipe processes)
  • assessments and audits
  • activities related to measurement, control, laboratories
  • both own-account expenses (e.g., employee wages and salaries) and purchased goods and services.

Exclude expenditures related to:

  • workers' health and safety (e.g., maintenance of indoor air quality)
  • measures undertaken for cost-saving reasons, such as heat or energy savings (to be reported in question 31a)
  • the purchase of electric or hybrid vehicles (to be reported in question 31b)
  • the production of renewable or clean energy (to be reported in questions 31c and 31e)
  • the purchase of biofuels (to be reported in question 31d)
  • the purchase of renewable energy (not included in this survey).

If the expenditure is zero, enter '0' in the corresponding box. When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses for air pollution management during the 2020 fiscal year.
  CAN$
Capital expenditures  
Operating expenses  
Total expenditures  

13. Of the total expenditures reported in question 12, report the proportion spent on purchased goods, technologies and services.

Purchased goods, technologies and services are goods, technologies and services provided by an outside company or service provider. They exclude in-house or own-account expenditures, such as employee wages and salaries.

When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Percentage spent

Air pollution abatement and control (end-of-pipe processes) is any method, technique, or process designed to manage and treat pollution after it is generated during the production process.

For example:

  • scrubbers at the end of emission stacks
  • filtration systems
  • cyclones
  • other barrier systems.

Air pollution prevention (integrated processes) is any method, technique, or process that reduces or eliminates the amount of pollution generated during the production process i.e., before pollution is created. Pollution prevention activities can include equipment and technology modifications.

For example:

  • product design or reformulation to be less toxic upon use, release or disposal
  • equipment or process modifications (integrated processes)
  • recirculation, on-site recycling or reuse/recovery of air polluting substances
  • materials or feedstock substitution, solvent reduction, elimination or substitution
  • prevention of leaks of polluting substances
  • improved operating practices or pollution prevention training.

14. Of the capital expenditures reported for air pollution management (question 12a), what proportion was spent on each of the following?

If the proportion is zero, enter '0' in the corresponding box. When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Of the capital expenditures reported for air pollution management (question 12a), what proportion was spent on each of the following?
  Percentage
Pollution abatement and control (end-of-pipe)  
Pollution prevention (integrated processes)  
Total percentage  

15. Of the operating expenses reported for air pollution management (question 12b), what proportion was spent on each of the following?

If the proportion is zero, enter '0' in the corresponding box. When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Of the operating expenses reported for air pollution management (question 12b), what proportion was spent on each of the following?
  Percentage
Pollution abatement and control (end-of-pipe)  
Pollution prevention (integrated processes)  
Total percentage  

16. Which of the following goods and technologies related to air pollution management were purchased by this establishment during the 2020 fiscal year?

Select all that apply.

Physical or chemical treatment technologies

  • Filters and cyclones e.g., membrane, baghouse, granular bed
  • Electrostatic precipitators
  • Scrubbers e.g., venturi, spray tower, mechanical, plate tower, packed tower
  • Waste gas absorbers and waste gas flare or incinerators
  • Industrial catalytic converters
  • Pollutant recovery condensers
  • Adsorbers
  • Other physical or chemical treatment technologies - Specify other physical or chemical treatment technologies:
  • No purchases

Greenhouse gas control technologies

  • Clean coal processing technologies
  • Carbon capture and sequestration technologies and storage
  • Air and off-gas treatments e.g., oxidation, scrubbing, vapour phase carbon adsorption
  • Other greenhouse gas control technologies - Specify other greenhouse gas control technologies:
  • No purchases

Air quality and air pollution technologies

  • Low emitting burners e.g., low NOx, low SOx
  • Other air quality and air pollution technologies -Specify other air quality and air pollution technologies:
  • No purchases

Monitoring and compliance technologies

  • Leak detection technologies
  • Environmental measurement apparatus
  • Other monitoring and compliance technologies - Specify other monitoring and compliance technologies:
  • No purchases

17. Which of the following services related to air pollution management were purchased by this establishment during the 2020 fiscal year?

Select all that apply.

Greenhouse gas management services

  • Services for carbon credit trading, generation of compliance units, surplus allowances, emissions performance credits, and offset credits
  • Preparation of emissions reports and verification services
  • Allowance auctioning and exchange platform services
  • Market monitoring services
  • Offset protocol development and validation services
  • Services for the development of compliance systems and electronic emissions reporting systems
  • Other greenhouse gas management services - Specify other greenhouse gas management services:
  • No purchases

Air pollution management services

  • Measuring and monitoring services
  • Modelling and mapping services
  • Risk assessment and management services
  • Services for the development of compliance and electronic emissions reporting systems
  • Other air pollution management services - Specify other air pollution management services:
  • No purchases

Protection and remediation of soil, groundwater and surface water

18. Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses for the protection and remediation of soil, groundwater and surface water during the 2020 fiscal year.

Include expenditures related to:

  • prevention of pollutant infiltration
  • remediation or cleaning up of soil and water bodies
  • site reclamation and decommissioning (include decommissioning costs incurred in the 2020 fiscal year, even if the site was closed before this period)
  • protection of soil from erosion and other physical degradation
  • prevention and remediation of soil salinity
  • assessments and audits
  • activities related to measurement, control, laboratories
  • both own-account expenses (e.g., employee wages and salaries) and purchased goods and services.

Exclude expenditures related to:

  • wastewater management activities (to be reported in question 5)
  • protection of biodiversity and habitat (to be reported in question 21).

If the expenditure is zero, enter '0' in the corresponding box. When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses for the protection and remediation of soil, groundwater and surface water during the 2020 fiscal year.
  CAN$
Capital expenditures  
Operating expenses  
Total expenditures  

19. Of the total expenditures reported in question 18, report the proportion spent on purchased goods, technologies and services.

Purchased goods, technologies and services are goods, technologies and services provided by an outside company or service provider. They exclude in-house or own-account expenditures, such as employee wages and salaries.

When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Percentage spent

20. Which of the following goods and technologies related to protection and remediation of soil, groundwater and surface water were purchased by this establishment during the 2020 fiscal year?

Include machinery, equipment, products, and technologies.

Select all that apply.

  • In situ biological treatments e.g., enhanced bioremediation, phytoremediation, bioventing
  • Ex situ biological treatments e.g., bioreaction, biopiles, landfarming, slurry phase biological treatment
  • In situ physical and chemical treatments - Include the purchase of chemicals for remediation of soil, sediment, sludge, ground water, surface water or leachate. e.g., biochar, chemical oxidation, fracturing, soil flushing, soil vapour extraction, solidification, stabilization, air sparging, bioslurping, chemical oxidation, directional wells, dual phase extraction, thermal treatment, hydrofracturing enhancements, in-well air stripping, passive and reactive treatment walls
  • Ex situ physical and chemical treatments - Include the purchase of chemicals for remediation of soil, sediment, sludge, ground water, surface water and leachate. e.g., chemical extraction, chemical reduction and oxidation, dehalogenation, separation, soil washing, solidification, stabilization, adsorption and absorption, advanced oxidation, air stripping, ion exchange, precipitation, flocculation, coagulation, separation, sprinkler irrigation
  • In situ thermal treatments - e.g., hot air injection, electrical resistance
  • Ex situ thermal treatments - e.g., incineration, pyrolysis, thermal desorption
  • Containment
  • Other goods or technologies related to the protection and the remediation of soil, groundwater, surface water and leachate technologies - Specify other goods or technologies related to the protection and remediation of soil, groundwater, surface water and leachate technologies:
  • No purchases

Protection of biodiversity and habitat

21. Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses for the protection of biodiversity and habitat during the 2020 fiscal year.

Include expenditures related to:

  • the protection, restoration and rehabilitation of wildlife and habitat
  • purchase of land for protection of species and habitat
  • assessments and audits
  • activities related to measurement, control, laboratories
  • both own-account expenses (e.g., employee wages and salaries) and purchased goods and services.

Exclude expenditures related to:

  • site reclamation and decommissioning (to be reported in question 18)
  • landscaping for decorative purposes, the rehabilitation of predominantly build-up landscapes, or other activities undertaken for predominantly aesthetic reasons
  • weed control, maintenance of game or timber stocks, or other activities undertaken for predominantly economic reasons
  • protection and rehabilitation of historic monuments or predominantly built-up or urban landscapes (unless the purpose is the protection of biodiversity and habitat)
  • foregone revenues resulting from regulations or conventions that reduce the allowable harvest (e.g., for logging activities).

If the expenditure is zero, enter '0' in the corresponding box. When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses for the protection of biodiversity and habitat during the 2020 fiscal year.
  CAN$
Capital expenditures  
Operating expenses  
Total expenditures  

22. Of the total expenditures reported in question 21, report the proportion spent on purchased goods, technologies and services.

Purchased goods, technologies and services are goods, technologies and services provided by an outside company or service provider. They exclude in-house or own-account expenditures, such as employee wages and salaries.

When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Percentage spent

Noise and vibration abatement

23. Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses for noise and vibration abatement during the 2020 fiscal year.

Include expenditures related to:

  • the control, reduction and abatement of noise and vibration, including preventive in-process modifications at the source, the construction of anti-noise or anti-vibration facilities, or any other related activities
  • assessments and audits
  • activities related to measurement, control, laboratories
  • both own-account expenses (e.g., employee wages and salaries) and purchased goods and services.

Exclude expenditures related to workers' health and safety.

If the expenditure is zero, enter '0' in the corresponding box. When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses for noise and vibration abatement during the 2020 fiscal year.
  CAN$
Capital expenditures  
Operating expenses  
Total expenditures  

24. Of the total expenditures reported in question 23, report the proportion spent on purchased goods, technologies and services.

Purchased goods, technologies and services are goods, technologies and services provided by an outside company or service provider. They exclude in-house or own-account expenditures, such as employee wages and salaries.

When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Percentage spent

Protection against radiation

25. Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses for the protection against radiation during the 2020 fiscal year.

Include expenditures related to:

  • protection of ambient media
  • the transport and treatment of high-level radioactive waste
  • assessments and audits
  • activities related to measurement, control, laboratories
  • both own-account expenses (e.g., employee wages and salaries) and purchased goods and services.

Exclude expenditures related to:

  • the prevention of technological hazards (e.g., external safety of nuclear power plants)
  • workers' health and safety
  • management of low-level radioactive waste (reported in question 1).

If the expenditure is zero, enter '0' in the corresponding box. When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses for the protection against radiation during the 2020 fiscal year.
  CAN$
Capital expenditures  
Operating expenses  
Total expenditures  

26. Of the total expenditures reported in question 25, report the proportion spent on purchased goods, technologies and services.

Purchased goods, technologies and services are goods, technologies and services provided by an outside company or service provider. They exclude in-house or own-account expenditures, such as employee wages and salaries. When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Percentage spent

Environmental charges

27. Report the amount this establishment paid in environmental charges during the 2020 fiscal year.

Exclude expenditures on environmental charges already reported in another question. If the expenditure is zero, enter '0' in the corresponding box. When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Report the amount this establishment paid in environmental charges during the 2020 fiscal year.
  CAN$
Permits, approvals, fees, special assessments and related fees  
Carbon offset credits  
Fines, penalties or damage awards paid to government agencies or individuals, or other charges paid to regulating bodies in order to allow operations to take place at this establishment  
All other environmental charges - Specify all other environmental charges:   
Total environmental charges  

Other environmental protection activities

28. Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses for environmental protection during the 2020 fiscal year that were not already reported.

Include expenditures related to:

  • the general administration of your environmental program
  • environmental training and information programs not already reported
  • assessments or audits not already reported
  • any other environmental protection expenditures not already reported
  • both own-account expenses (e.g., employee wages and salaries) and purchased goods and services.

Exclude expenditures related to:

  • research and development (not covered in this survey)
  • heat or energy savings and management (to be reported in question 31a)
  • fuel efficient vehicles and transportation goods or technologies (to be reported in question 31b)
  • the production of renewable or clean energy (to be reported in questions 31c and 31e)
  • the purchase of biofuels, biochemicals or biomaterials (to be reported in question 31d).

If the expenditure is zero, enter '0' in the corresponding box. When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses for environmental protection during the 2020 fiscal year that were not already reported.
  CAN$
Capital expenditures  
Operating expenses  
Total expenditures  

29. Of the total expenditures reported in question 28, report the proportion spent on purchased goods, technologies and services.

Purchased goods, technologies and services are goods, technologies and services provided by an outside company or service provider. They exclude in-house or own-account expenditures, such as employee wages and salaries.

When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Percentage spent

30. Describe any changes or events that may have affected the reported environmental protection values for this establishment compared to the last reporting period.

e.g., We installed low-NOx burners in 2020 – for air pollution management

Environmental technologies and processes

31. During the 2020 fiscal year, did this establishment have expenditures in any of the following categories?

Include both operating and capital expenditures.

During the 2020 fiscal year, did this establishment have expenditures in any of the following categories?
  Yes No
Heat or energy savings and management    
Clean vehicles and transportation equipment    
Production of energy from renewable sources, whether for sale or own use    
Purchase of biofuels, biochemical products or biomaterials    
Production of nuclear energy    

Heat or energy savings and management

32. Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses related to the management of energy resources through heat or energy savings and management during the 2020 fiscal year.

Include expenditures related to:

  • energy savings through in-process modifications
  • purchase of efficient industrial or commercial equipment, demand management technologies, or energy storage technologies
  • purchase of energy efficiency services or smart grid services
  • building and fleet energy audits
  • thermal insulation activities
  • energy recovery activities
  • assessments and audits
  • activities related to measurement, control, laboratories
  • more efficient furnace
  • lighting upgrades
  • both own-account expenses (e.g., employee wages and salaries) and purchased goods, technologies and services.

Exclude expenditures related to:

  • pollution abatement and control or prevention for air pollution (to be reported in question 12)
  • the purchase of energy-efficient vehicles (to be reported in question 37)
  • renewable/clean energy production (to be reported in questions 39 and 43)
  • the purchase of biofuels (to be reported in question 42).

If the expenditure is zero, enter '0' in the corresponding box. When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses related to the management of energy resources through heat or energy savings and management during the 2020 fiscal year.
  CAN$
Capital expenditures  
Operating expenses  
Total expenditures  

33. Of the total expenditures reported in question 32, report the proportion spent on purchased goods, technologies and services.

Purchased goods, technologies and services are goods, technologies and services provided by an outside company or service provider. They exclude in-house or own-account expenditures, such as employee wages and salaries.

When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Percentage spent

34. Which of the following goods and technologies related to heat or energy savings and management were purchased by this establishment during the 2020 fiscal year?

Include machinery, equipment, products, and technologies.

Select all that apply.

Efficient industrial or commercial equipment

  • High efficiency burners and boilers e.g., Energy Star
  • High efficiency pumps and motors e.g., Energy Star, NEMA PremiumTM
  • High efficiency industrial or commercial HVAC e.g., Energy Star
  • Combined heat and power generation (CHP/cogeneration)
  • High efficiency industrial or commercial lighting systems e.g., Energy Star
  • Automation and control technologies
  • Energy efficient filters and processes
  • Advanced insulation e.g., super insulating materials (SIMs), vacuum insulation panels (VIP), gas-filled panels (GFP), and aerogel-based products (ABP)
  • Predictive maintenance technologies e.g., twinning, sensors, related software
  • Other efficient industrial or commercial equipment - Specify other efficient industrial or commercial equipment:
  • No purchases

Demand management technologies

  • Smart inverters
  • Smart meters and devices
  • Phasor measurement units
  • Management systems e.g., software
  • Other demand management technologies - Specify other demand management technologies:
  • No purchases

Energy storage technologies

  • Flywheels
  • Equipment for pumped hydro systems
  • Equipment for compressed air systems
  • Advanced batteries e.g., NiCd, NiMH, Li-ion, NaS, NaNiCl, hybrid flow, redox flow, hydrogen storage, synthetic natural gas
  • Fuel cells
  • Thermal storage systems
  • Double-layer capacitors (DLC)
  • Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES)
  • Other energy storage technologies - Specify other energy storage technologies:
  • No purchases

35. Which of the following services related to heat or energy savings and management were purchased by this establishment during the 2020 fiscal year?

Select all that apply.

Energy efficiency services

  • Green building certification services
  • Building or fleet energy audit and air leakage testing services
  • Energy management system services
  • Energy monitoring services
  • Energy demand control services
  • Data analysis and modelling services
  • Process integration services
  • Services for advanced insulation activities
  • Energy efficiency consulting
  • Predictive maintenance services
  • Other energy efficiency services - Specify other energy efficiency services:
  • No purchases

Smart grid services 

  • Energy storage solutions
  • Microgrid solutions
  • Cyber security services
  • Data management and communications solutions
  • Demand management services e.g., peak load management and load following
  • Monitoring solutions services e.g., self-healing grids
  • Other smart grid services - Specify other smart grid services:
  • No purchases
36. Report this establishment's expenditures for goods, technologies and services related to the management of energy resources through heat or energy savings and management during the 2020 fiscal year in each of the following categories.
  CAN$
Efficient industrial or commercial equipment  
Demand management technologies  
Energy storage technologies  
Energy efficiency services  
Smart grid services  
Total  

Clean vehicles and transportation equipment

37. Report the amount this establishment spent on the purchase of clean vehicles and transportation equipment during the 2020 fiscal year.

Include the purchase of:

  • electric, hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles (all-types)
  • fuel efficient aircraft
  • electric vehicle infrastructure
  • alternative fuel and refuelling infrastructure
  • low rolling resistance tires
  • vehicle emissions monitoring technologies
  • alternative fuel retrofit technologies
  • equipment or software for vehicle fleet management and logistics.

Exclude:

  • operating and maintenance costs for running clean vehicles
  • expenses for fleet energy audits (to be reported in question 32)
  • any equipment or vehicles for sale.

If the expenditure is zero, enter '0' in the corresponding box. When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Total expenditures

38. Which of the following clean vehicles and transportation equipment were purchased by this establishment during the 2020 fiscal year?

Select all that apply.

Fuel efficient vehicles

  • Electric vehicles - Include all vehicle-types.
  • Hybrid vehicles - Include all vehicle-types.
  • Fuel cell vehicles - Include all vehicle-types.
  • Fuel efficient aircraft
  • Other clean vehicles - Specify other clean vehicles:
  • No purchases

Clean transportation equipment

  • Electric vehicle infrastructure - Include charging stations.
  • Alternative fuel and refuelling infrastructure - Include hydrogen and natural gas.
  • Low rolling resistance tires
  • Vehicle emission monitoring
  • Alternative fuel retrofit technologies
  • Equipment or software for vehicle fleet management and logistics
  • Other clean transportation equipment - Specify other clean transportation equipment:
  • No purchases

Production of energy from renewable sources

39. Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses related to the production of energy from renewable sources during the 2020 fiscal year, including both electricity and heat.

Report also the proportion of energy produced from renewable sources for own use.

Include expenditures related to:

  • the production of energy from renewable sources, whether for sale or own use
  • the installation, operation, and maintenance of equipment, including infrastructure to support the production of renewable energy (e.g., costs for approvals and planning, transmission and distribution lines and other infrastructure)
  • the operating and maintenance expenses of existing equipment.

Exclude expenditures related to:

  • the purchase of the feedstock used to produce energy, such as biofuels (to be reported in question 42)
  • the production of nuclear energy (to be reported in question 43)
  • electricity purchased from the grid.

When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

For this question, please report expenditures related to the production of energy from renewable sources, whether for sale or own use.

Renewable energy:

Energy obtained from resources that can be naturally replenished or renewed within a human lifespan, that is, the resource is a sustainable source of energy. This includes: wind, solar, aero-thermal, geothermal, hydrothermal, from wave, tidal and ocean thermal energy, hydropower, biomass, landfill gas, sewage treatment plant gas and biogases.

Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses related to the production of energy from renewable sources during the 2019 fiscal year, including both electricity and heat.
  Capital expenditures
CAN$
Operating expenses
CAN$
Percentage of energy production for own use
Wind      
Geothermal      
Small hydroelectric facilities      
Large hydroelectric facilities      
Solar      
Bioenergy production      
Waste to energy      
Other energy production from renewable resources 1 - Specify      
Other energy production from renewable resources 2 - Specify      
Other energy production from renewable resources 3 - Specify      
Total expenditures for the production of renewable energy      

40. Which of the following goods or technologies used for the production of renewable energy were purchased by this establishment during the 2020 fiscal year?

Select all that apply.

Wind

  • Wind turbine equipment, nacelle, blades, towers
  • Switchgear, transformers
  • Other goods and technologies related to wind energy - Specify other goods and technologies related to wind energy:
  • No purchases

Geothermal

  • Heat pumps
  • Other goods and technologies used in geothermal energy systems - Specify other goods and technologies used in geothermal energy systems:
  • No purchases

Small hydroelectric facilities

  • Turbines and related components - Exclude wave and tidal energy.
  • Turbines and related components for wave or tidal energy
  • Generators, valves, gates, transformers, switchgear
  • Include components.
  • Other goods and technologies related to small hydroelectric facilities - Specify other goods and technologies related to small hydroelectric facilities:
  • No purchases

Large hydroelectric facilities

  • Turbines and related components - Exclude wave and tidal energy.
  • Turbines and related components for wave or tidal energy
  • Generators, valves, gates, transformers, switchgear - Include components.
  • Other goods and technologies related to large hydroelectric facilities - Specify other goods and technologies related to large hydroelectric facilities:
  • No purchases

Solar energy

  • Active solar heating equipment - e.g., glazed flat plate collectors, glazed evacuated tubes and collectors, unglazed panels and collectors for heating pools, perforated cladding for solar air heating
  • Active solar-power generation equipment - e.g., concentrating mirrors, receivers
  • Photovoltaic energy equipment - e.g., photovoltaic cells, modules, panels and arrays, inverters for solar photovoltaic systems
  • Other goods and technologies related to solar energy - Specify other goods and technologies related to solar energy:
  • No purchases

Production of bioenergy

  • Mixers and centrifuges
  • Filtration systems
  • Biofuel reactors - e.g., distillation towers, pyrolizers, catalyst beds, gasifiers, heat digesters
  • Washers
  • Dryers
  • Heaters
  • Storage systems related to bioenergy production
  • Shredders and chippers
  • Combined heat and power bioenergy systems
  • Domestic woodstoves
  • Biomass-fired industrial boilers
  • Anaerobic digesters
  • Other bioenergy production goods and technologies - Exclude purchased biofuels. - Specify other bioenergy production goods and technologies - Exclude purchased biofuels:
  • No purchases

Waste to energy

  • Liquid organic waste to energy equipment
  • Solid organic waste to energy equipment
  • Other waste to energy goods and technologies - Specify other waste to energy goods and technologies:
  • No purchases

Purchase of biofuels, biochemicals and biomaterials

41. Which of the following biofuels, biochemicals and biomaterials were purchased by this establishment during the 2020 fiscal year?

Select all that apply.

Biofuels

  • Pellets, chips, cubes, briquettes
  • Black pellets
  • Energy logs
  • Biocoal
  • Biochar
  • Ethanol, cellulosic ethanol
  • Biodiesel
  • Renewable diesel
  • Pyrolysis oil
  • Synthetic fuels e.g., DME, Fisher Tropsch fuels, Biojet fuels
  • Bio-oil, pyrolytic oil, biomethanol
  • Biobutanol
  • Biogas
  • Renewable natural gas e.g., biomethane
  • Syngas
  • Biohydrogen
  • Other bioenergy and biofuels - Specify other bioenergy and biofuels:
  • No purchases

Biochemical products

  • Aromatics, amino and organic acids, phenols, polyols
  • Cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin
  • Biochar
  • Bio-oils, lubricants
  • Solvents, adhesives, paints, coatings
  • Biopolymers and resins
  • Biopesticides
  • Biostimulants
  • Additives and catalysts e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, enzymes
  • Other biochemical products - Specify other biochemical products:
  • No purchases

Biomaterials

  • Mats, cellulose products
  • Bio-based auto parts, building materials, panels, cross laminated timber
  • Plastics, films, foams, hydrogels
  • Nanomaterials and nanocomposites
  • Nanocrystalline cellulose
  • Other biomaterials - Specify other biomaterials:
  • No purchases
42. During the 2020 fiscal year, how much did this establishment spend on purchases in each of the following categories of biofuels, biochemicals and biomaterials?
  CAN$
Biofuels  
Biochemical products  
Biomaterials  
Total expenditures  

Production of nuclear energy

43. Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses related to the production of nuclear energy during the 2020 fiscal year.

Exclude the costs of any feedstock used to produce energy such as uranium.

If the expenditure is zero, enter '0' in the corresponding box. When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses related to the production of nuclear energy during the 2020 fiscal year.
  CAN$
Capital expenditures  
Operating expenses  
Total expenditures  

44. Which of the following goods and technologies related to the production of nuclear energy were purchased during the 2020 fiscal year?

Select all that apply.

  • Nuclear reactors or nuclear island components
  • Nuclear fuel handling, processing, and fabrication equipment
  • Other nuclear energy technologies - Specify other nuclear technologies:
  • No purchases

45. Describe any changes or events that may have affected the reported environmental technologies and processes values for this establishment compared to the last reporting period.

e.g., We bought two fuel efficient vehicles in 2020

Drivers and obstacles

46. Which of the following were drivers to the adoption of new or significantly improved clean technologies, systems or equipment for this establishment during the 2020 fiscal year?

Select all that apply.

  • Sufficient return on investment - i.e., sufficient business case
  • Regulations
  • Government incentives
  • Carbon pricing
  • Voluntary agreement
  • Public image
  • Corporate policy
  • Part of regular capital turnover
  • Other drivers - Specify other drivers:
  • There were no drivers during the 2020 fiscal year

47. Which of the following were obstacles to the adoption of new or significantly improved clean technologies, systems or equipment for this establishment during the 2020 fiscal year?

Select all that apply.

  • Lack of regulations
  • Changing regulations
  • Insufficient return on investment - i.e., no business case
  • Difficulty in obtaining financing - e.g., internal, private or government
  • Competing capital investments
  • Lack of information or knowledge related to systems or equipment (new or significantly improved)
  • Lack of available systems or equipment (new or significantly improved)
  • Lack of technical skills required to support this type of investment
  • Lack of technical support or services - e.g., from consultants or vendors
  • Regulatory or policy barriers
  • Organizational structure too inflexible
  • Decisions made by parent, affiliate or subsidiary businesses
  • Difficulty in integrating new technologies with existing infrastructure, systems, standards and processes
  • Other obstacles - Specify other obstacles:
  • There were no obstacles during the 2020 fiscal year

Environmental management practices

48. Did this establishment use an environmental management system during the 2020 fiscal year?

  • Yes
  • No
  • Don't know

49. Did this establishment develop and/or follow a pollution prevention plan during the 2020 fiscal year?

  • Yes
  • No
  • Don't know

50. Did this establishment use Life Cycle Management, Life Cycle Assessment, Design for Environment (DfE) or Ecodesign principles for decision-making during the 2020 fiscal year?

  • Yes
  • No
  • Don't know

51. Was this establishment certified under the ISO 14000 family of environmental management standards during the 2020 fiscal year?

  • Yes
  • No
  • Don't know

52. Did this establishment participate in any environmental voluntary agreements or voluntary environmental programs during the 2020 fiscal year?

e.g., Environmental Performance Agreements (EPAs), Canadian GHG Reductions Registry, Canadian Industry Program for Energy Conservation (CIPEC), Forestry Stewardship Council (FSC), etc.

  • Yes
  • No
  • Don't know

Specify the programs, accords or agreements:

53. Did this establishment have a 'green' procurement policy or guidelines during the 2020 fiscal year?

  • Yes
  • No
  • Don't know

54. Did this establishment have an environmental supply chain management policy during the 2020 fiscal year?

  • Yes
  • No
  • Don't know

55. Did this establishment implement any new or improved environmental processes and practices in response to an environmental supply chain management policy in place at a supplier or client business during the 2020 fiscal year?

  • Yes
  • No
  • Don't know

56. Did this establishment take advantage of any Canadian federal, provincial/territorial, or local government environmental incentive programs, grants, loans, or tax credits during the 2020 fiscal year?

e.g., ecoENERGY Initiatives, Industrial Research Assistance Program (IRAP), SD Tech Fund, or Accelerated Capital Cost Allowance or Scientific Research and Experimental Development (SR&ED) for energy efficiency and renewable energy sources

  • Yes
  • No
  • Don't know

Specify the incentive programs, grants or loans:

57. Did this establishment perform a greenhouse gas emissions inventory during the 2020 fiscal year?

  • Yes
  • No
  • Don't know

58. Did this establishment participate in any form of carbon-trading, either by purchasing or selling carbon offset credits in the 2020 fiscal year?

  • Yes, purchased carbon offset credits only OR purchased more than sold
  • Yes, sold carbon offset credits only OR sold more than purchased
  • No, did not participate in any of the above
  • Don't know

59. Did this establishment participate in any other environmental management practices during the 2020 fiscal year?

  • Yes
  • No
  • Don't know

Specify the other environmental management practices:

Contact person

60. Statistics Canada may need to contact the person who completed this questionnaire for further information.

Is the provided given names and the provided family name the best person to contact?

  • Yes
  • No

Who is the best person to contact about this questionnaire?

  • First name:
  • Last name:
  • Title:
  • Email address:
  • Telephone number (including area code):
  • Extension number (if applicable):
    The maximum number of characters is 5.
  • Fax number (including area code):

Feedback

61. How long did it take to complete this questionnaire?

Include the time spent gathering the necessary information.

  • Hours:
  • Minutes:

62. Do you have any comments about this questionnaire?