• Getting Started
  • Why are we conducting this survey?
  • Other important information
    • Authorization to collect this information
    • Confidentiality
    • Record linkages
    • Data-sharing agreements
• Important features
• Answering this questionnaire
• Business or organization and contact information
• Farm operating revenue and expenses
• Reporting period information
• Characteristics of the operators and operation
• Legal operating arrangement
• Method of accounting
• Major source of gross revenue
• Unit of measure
• Land use
• Cropland
• Capital investments
• Capital sales
• Farm assets of this operation
• Farm debt outstanding
• Custom or contract feeding
• Wages and salaries
• Farm operating revenue
• Farm operating expenses
• Financial information for sources other than this operation
• Risk management
• Government-funded risk management programs—AgriInvest
• Government-funded risk management programs—AgriStability
• Government-funded risk management programs—AgriInsurance
• Government-funded risk management programs—Advance Payments Program (APP)
• Private risk management strategies
• Risk management 2
• On-farm innovation
• Best management practices
• Farm production losses
• Direct sales to retailers
• On-farm innovation
• Local food
• Changes or events
• Contact person
• Feedback

Getting Started

Why are we conducting this survey?

This survey is being conducted by Statistics Canada, on behalf of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada to monitor the financial situation of Canadian farms, and establish new policy.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Your participation in this survey is required under the authority of the Statistics Act.

Other important information

Authorization to collect this information

Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

Confidentiality

By law, Statistics Canada is prohibited from releasing any information it collects that could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent, or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes only.

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the response burden, Statistics Canada may combine the acquired data with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Data-sharing agreements

To reduce respondent burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data-sharing agreements with provincial and territorial statistical agencies and other government organizations, which have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes. Statistics Canada will only share data from this survey with those organizations that have demonstrated a requirement to use the data.

Section 11 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with provincial and territorial statistical agencies that meet certain conditions. These agencies must have the legislative authority to collect the same information, on a mandatory basis, and the legislation must provide substantially the same provisions for confidentiality and penalties for disclosure of confidential information as the Statistics Act. Because these agencies have the legal authority to compel businesses to provide the same information, consent is not requested and businesses may not object to the sharing of the data.

For this survey, there are Section 11 agreements with the provincial statistical agencies of Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia and the Yukon.
The shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province.

Section 12 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with federal, provincial or territorial government organizations. Under Section 12, you may refuse to share your information with any of these organizations by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician, specifying the organizations with which you do not want Statistics Canada to share your data and mailing it to the following address:

Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of Director, Agriculture Division
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0T6.

You may also contact us by email at infostats: infostats@statcan.gc.ca or by fax at 1-514-496-4879.

Other data-sharing agreement

For this survey, there are Section 12 agreements with the statistical agencies of Prince Edward Island, Northwest Territories and Nunavut, as well as with the ministère de l'Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de l'Alimentation du Québec, the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, the Manitoba Department of Agriculture and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.

For agreements with provincial and territorial government organizations, the shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Important features

To navigate the questionnaire

Use the Previous and Next buttons located at the bottom right of each page.

Do not use the navigation buttons at the top of your browser or the corresponding shortcut keys.

Question numbering

Question numbering will reset to 1 at the beginning of each new section. Based on your answers to certain questions, the questionnaire will automatically skip any questions or sub-questions that do not apply to your situation.

Session timeout

After two hours of inactivity, your session will time out. You will not be able to access any unsaved information.

To save your information

If you cannot complete the questionnaire in one session, you can save the information you have entered by pressing the Save and finish later button at the bottom left of any page on which you are asked to enter information. You can then resume your session at another time.

Please be advised that information from partially completed or unsaved questionnaires may be retained and used for statistical and research purposes.

Definitions and explanations

A help button is available for certain questions. Press this button for additional information or clarification.

Answering this questionnaire

For this questionnaire

Reporting instructions

Additional information that may be useful in the completion of this electronic questionnaire include the operation's 2025:

• financial statements
• tax files
• AgriInvest Annual Statement of Account
• AgriStability Calculation of Program Benefits Notice.

Also:

• individual T1 and T4 tax forms
• market value assessments of land and buildings from sources such as property tax assessments or local real estate listings.

Other information about this questionnaire

Additional information about this survey can be found by selecting the following link:

Farm Financial Survey (FFS)

Business or organization and contact information

1. Verify or provide the business or organization's legal and operating name and correct where needed.

Note: Legal name should only be modified to correct a spelling error or typo.

Note: Press the help button (?) for additional information.

Legal name

Operating name (if applicable)

2. Verify or provide the contact information for the designated contact person for the business or organization, and correct information if needed.

Note: The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire.

First name

Last name

Title

Preferred language of communication

Mailing address (number and street)

City

Province, territory or state

Postal code or ZIP (Zone Improvement Plan) code Example A9A 9A9 or 12345-1234

Country

Email address Example: user@example.gov.ca

Telephone number (including area code) Example: 123-123-1234

Extension number (if applicable)

Fax number (including area code) Example: 123-123-1234

3. Verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

1. Operational
2. Not currently operational
   e.g., temporarily or permanently closed, change of ownership

Why is this business or organization not currently operational?

1. Seasonal operation
2. Ceased operation
3. Sold operations
4. Amalgamated with other businesses or organizations
5. Temporarily inactive but will re-open
6. No longer operating due to other reasons

3a Seasonal operations

When did this business or organization close for the season?

Date:

Example: YYYY-MM-DD

When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?

Date:

Example: YYYY-MM-DD

3b Ceased operations

When did this business or organization cease operations?

Date:

Example: YYYY-MM-DD

Why did this business or organization cease operations?

1. Bankruptcy
2. Liquidation
3. Dissolution
4. Other
   Specify the other reasons why this operation ceased:

3c Sold operations

When was this business or organization sold?

Date:

Example: YYYY-MM-DD

What is the legal name of the buyer?

3d Amalgamated with other businesses or organizations

When did this business or organization amalgamate?

Date:

Example: YYYY-MM-DD

What is the legal name of the resulting or continuing business or organization?

What are the legal names of the other amalgamated businesses or organizations?

3e Temporarily inactive but will re-open

When did this business or organization become temporarily inactive?

Date:

Example: YYYY-MM-DD

When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?

Date:

Example: YYYY-MM-DD

Why is this business or organization temporarily inactive?

3f No longer operating due to other reasons

When did this operation or organization cease operations?

Date:

Example: YYYY-MM-DD

Why did this business or organization cease operations?

4. Verify or provide the current main activity of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

Note: The described activity was assigned using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

Note: Press the help button (?) for additional information, including a detailed description of the activity with example activities and any applicable exclusions.

Descriptions and examples

This is the current main activity

This is not the current main activity

Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's main activity e.g. breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development

5. You indicated that is not the current main activity

Was this business or organization's main activity ever classified as: ?

• Yes
  When did the main activity change?
  Date
  Example: YYYY-MM-DD
• No

6. Search and select the industry classification that best corresponds to the business or organization's main activity.

How to search:

1. Filter the search results by first selecting the business or organization’s activity sector.
2. Enter keywords or a brief description that best describe the business or organization’s main activity.
3. Press the Search button to search the database for an industry activity classification that best matches the keywords or description you provided.
4. Select an industry activity classification from the list.

Farm operating revenue and expenses

This is the start of a new module. Question numbering will reset to 1 in this section.
Note: The sequence of questions may vary depending on the responses provided. 

1. Are you an operator or a person normally authorized to provide tax data, such as revenues and expenses, to CRA for this operation?

1. Yes
   What is your role in this operation?
   • One of the operators
   • Operator's spouse
   • Accountant
   • Other
2. No

With your permission, Statistics Canada will share this operation's tax data on revenues and expenses only with Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada and your provincial Ministry of Agriculture, and will be used for statistical and research purposes only.

Statistics Canada does not share names, addresses or any other direct identifiers that could identify you or this operation.

If you do not grant us permission to share this information, you will be required to provide the revenues and expenses data later on in this questionnaire.

2. Do you give Statistics Canada permission to share this operation's tax data on revenues and expenses with Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada and your provincial Ministry of Agriculture?

1. Yes
   Please provide your first and last names which will act as your electronic authorisation signature.
   Note: Statistics Canada will not share your name with external agencies.
   • Your first and last name
2. No

Reporting period information

3. What is the end date of this operation's fiscal year?

If financial statements are not available for 2025, please use your best estimates throughout the survey.

Year

Month

Day

Characteristics of the operators and operation

4. On this operation's fiscal end date, how many operators 18 years of age and over, who participate in the business or financial decisions, were responsible for this operation?

An operation may have more than one operator but only one questionnaire is to be completed for each operation.

Exclude:

• accountants, lawyers, crop advisors, veterinarians, herbicide consultants, etc.
• hired labourers who work on the farm but are not responsible for management decisions
• silent partners who own part of the farm assets but do not make management decisions.

Number of operators

5. What was the age of the oldest operator on fiscal year-end date?

Age

6. What was the gender of the oldest operator on fiscal year-end date?

1. Male
2. Female
3. Gender diverse

7. What was the age of the youngest operator (minimum age of 18) on fiscal year-end date?

Age

8. What was the gender of the youngest operator (minimum age of 18) on fiscal year-end date?

1. Male
2. Female
3. Gender diverse

9. As of fiscal year-end date, how many years has the most experienced operator on this operation managed a farm business?

Managing refers to controlling the decisions to produce and invest in a farm business. 

If you are the only operator, please enter your years of experience managing a farm.

Years managing a farm business

10. On fiscal year-end date, how many members were in the operator's family?

Please choose one operator (if there are more operators than just yourself), plus the operator's spouse or partner and all kids who live on the farm or whose address is still that of the farm.

Exclude operator's parents and siblings.

Number of people in operator's family

Legal operating arrangement

11. On fiscal year-end date, what was the legal operating arrangement of this operation?
Note: Press the help button (?) for additional information.

1. Sole proprietorship
2. Corporation (Corp.), Incorporated (Inc.), Limited (Ltd.) or Company (Co.) 
   What was the family's percent ownership of this operation?
3. Partnership
   What was the family's percent ownership of this operation?
4. Cooperative and communal operations
   e.g. Hutterite colonies even if they are incorporated
5. Other legal operating arrangement
   e.g. joint venture, trust

Method of accounting

12. Which method of accounting does this operation use to report farm revenue and expenses?

1. Cash
   Revenue (income) is reported for the fiscal period in which it is received. Expenses are reported for the fiscal period in which they are paid.
2. Accrual
   Revenue (income) is reported for the fiscal period in which it is earned, no matter when it is received. Expenses are reported for the fiscal period in which they are incurred, whether or not they have been paid.
3. Don't know

Major source of gross revenue

13. In 2025, which of the following was this operation's major source of gross revenue?

Major source of gross revenue usually accounts for more than 50% of total revenues.

1. Crop production
   e.g., greenhouses, grains and oilseeds, potatoes, berries, vegetables, fruits, flowers, Christmas trees, vineyards, tobacco, maple syrup, combination crop farming, other crops
2. Dairy cattle and milk production
   Exclude goat milk (see Sheep and goat farming), raising dairy herd replacement (see Beef cattle ranching and farming).
3. Beef cattle ranching and farming, including feedlots
   Include animals owned by the operation, as well as custom and contract feeding.
4. Hog and pig farming
   Include animals owned by the operation, as well as custom and contract feeding.
5. Poultry and egg production
   Include eggs, chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, quails, pheasants, emus, ostriches, and guinea fowls.
6. Sheep and goat farming
   Include sheep, goats and lamb for meat, feedlots, goat milk production, wool and mohair production.
7. Other animal production
   e.g., bee-keeping and honey production, horses and other equine, rabbits and other fur animals, bison, venison, llamas, combination animal farming, other livestock 
8. Other
   Specify other source of gross revenue

14. In 2025, which of the following was the main source of gross revenue for crops?

The main source of gross revenue within the crops group may be less than 50% of total revenues.

1. Greenhouse
   e.g., vegetables, mushrooms, herbs, nursery and, or floriculture products grown under cover
2. Nursery or floriculture products not grown under cover
   Include Christmas trees, flowers, mushrooms grown outdoors and sod operation.
3. Grains and oilseeds
   e.g., wheat, oats, peas, beans, lentils, mustard, flaxseed, canola, grain corn, soybeans, forage seeds, mixed grains
4. Potatoes
5. Field vegetables and melons
   e.g., sweet corn and pumpkins
   Exclude greenhouse crops.
6. Fruits
   Include tree fruits, berries, grapes, and vineyards.
7. Miscellaneous
   e.g., tobacco, maple syrup, herbs and spices, bulbs, hay, alfalfa for hay, ginseng, sugar beets

15. In 2025, what was the major source of beef revenue?

• Custom or contract fed cattle
• Cattle owned by this operation

16. In 2025, which of the following was the main source of gross revenue for cattle owned by this operation?

The main source of gross revenue within the beef group may be less than 50% of total revenues.

1. Cow-calf operation
   e.g., calves are sold quickly, usually by fall
2. Cow-yearling operation
   e.g., calves kept over winter and sold to another operation or feedlot
3. Cow-finish operation
   e.g., calves raised all year, and kept over for another winter, fattened following fall, and sold for slaughter
4. Backgrounding and feeder operation
   e.g., cattle confined in paddocks, diet predominantly hay or silage with a little grain as a supplement
5. Feedlot operation
   e.g., grain-fed to finished weight; include veal
6. Other cattle owned
   e.g., raising of cattle for dairy herd replacements, raising beef cattle herd replacement, grazer operations, other cattle operations

17. In 2025, which of the following was the main source of gross revenue for custom or contract cattle?

The main source of gross revenue within the beef group may be less than 50% of total revenues.

1. Custom grazer operation
   e.g., cattle are grazed on land operated by this operation
2. Custom feeder operation
   e.g., this operation provides feed, receives a fee to feed cattle until they are ready to be finished in a feedlot
3. Custom feedlot operation
   e.g., this operation provides feed, receives a fee for finishing animals; include veal
4. Custom - other
5. Contract feeder operation
   e.g., animals and feed provided by client, this operation paid a fee to feed cattle until they are ready to be finished in a feedlot
6. Contract feedlot operation
   e.g., animals and feed provided by client, farm paid a fee to finish animals; include veal
7. Contract - other
   e.g., a client provides animals and feed to this operation

18. In 2025, which of the following was the main source of gross revenue for hogs?

The main source of gross revenue within the hogs group may be less than 50% of total revenues.

1. Feeder operation
2. Farrowing operation
3. Farrow to finishing operation
4. Feeder to finishing operation
5. Finishing operation
6. Contract - farrowing operation
7. Contract - feeder operation
8. Contract - finishing operation
9. Other

19. In 2025, which of the following was the main source of gross revenue for poultry?

The main source of gross revenue within the poultry group may be less than 50% of total revenues.

1. Layers operation
   e.g., poultry are kept for egg production
2. Roasters operation
   e.g., birds weighing about 3.2 kg (kilogram) live weight; sold for meat
3. Broilers operation
   e.g., birds weighing about 1.7 to 2.2 kg (kilogram) live weight; sold for meat
4. Hatchlings operation
   Include eggs for hatchling.
5. Turkeys operation – all categories
6. Starter pullets operation
   e.g., small chicks are raised until they are ready to lay eggs and then are sold to layer operations
7. Contract – poultry
   e.g., animals and feed provided by a client and this operation paid a fee to raise the animals
8. Other poultry
   e.g., geese, ducks, pheasants, quails, ostriches, emus, guinea fowls

Unit of measure

20. What unit of measure will be used to report land areas?

The unit of measure chosen here will be used in subsequent questions.

Acres

Hectares

Arpents

Land use

21. In 2025, did this operation own land (workable and non-workable)?

Include: 

• Crown land and all land owned by this operation whether or not it is used for farming
• all land owned whether or not some is used by other individuals or operations.

Exclude land owned by others even if used by this operation.

1. Yes
   How many acres, hectares or arpents did this operation own in 2025?
2. No

22. In 2025, was any of the land owned by this operation rented by others?

Include land rented, leased or used by other individuals or operations with or without written agreement or payment.

1. Yes
   How many acres, hectares or arpents owned by this operation were rented by others in 2025?
2. No

23. In 2025, did this operation rent any land owned by others?

Include land owned by other individuals or operations, rented, leased or used with or without a written agreement or payment.

1. Yes
   How many acres, hectares or arpents owned by others were rented by this operation in 2025?
2. No

24. In 2025, what was the total area of cropland operated by this farm business?

Include:

• cropland rented or leased from others
• tame hay, potatoes, field crops, tree fruits or nuts, berries or grapes, vegetables, seed, sod, greenhouse or nursery products, mushrooms, Christmas trees, fodder crops, etc.

Exclude:

• cropland rented to others
• summerfallow, improved and unimproved pasture, woodlands.

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

Total area of cropland operated

Cropland

25. In 2025, what was the estimated market value of a(n) acre, hectare or arpent of cropland?

Market value is the estimated price at which the land would sell for today.

26. In 2025, did this operation rent any cropland from others?

Exclude land rented for pasture.

1. Yes
   What was the average rental price per acre, hectare or arpent for the cropland this operation rented, excluding buildings?
   Please provide your best estimate.
2. No

Capital investments

27. In 2025, which of the following types of farm machinery and equipment did this operation purchase or lease?

Include new and used equipment.

Exclude short-term rentals and repairs and replacement parts (these are operating expenses).

Select all that apply.

• Cars used in the farm business
  e.g., coupes, sedans, vans
• Trucks used in the farm business
  e.g., pick-up trucks, semi-trailers, dump trucks
• Other equipment used for transportation
  e.g., livestock trailers, equipment trailers, All-terrain vehicle (ATVs), snowmobiles
• Grain drying equipment
• Tractors of various types
  e.g., forklifts, Bobcats, payloaders
• Harvesting machinery
  e.g., combines, corn pickers, forage harvesters, potato harvesters
• Seeding equipment
  e.g., air seeders, seed drills, planters
• Other machinery and equipment
  e.g., computers and communication materials, processing equipment, balers, manure and fertilizer spreaders
  OR
• No investments in machinery or equipment made

28. In 2025, what was the amount of money invested for the following farm machinery and equipment (purchased or leased)?

Report the full purchase or lease price before trade-in or down payment.

Exclude:

• monthly payments for purchased or leased machinery
• repair and maintenance expenses.

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

Cars used in the farm business

• a. New, purchased
• b. New, leased
• c. Used, purchased
• d. Used, leased

Trucks used in the farm business

• e. New, purchased
• f. New, leased
• g. Used, purchased
• h. Used, leased 

Other equipment used for transportation

• i. New, purchased
• j. New, leased
• k. Used, purchased
• l. Used, leased

Grain drying equipment

• m. New, purchased
• n. New, leased
• o. Used, purchased
• p. Used, leased

Tractors of various types

• q. New, purchased
• r. New, leased
• s. Used, purchased
• t. Used, leased

Harvesting machinery

• u. New, purchased
• v. New, leased
• w. Used, purchased
• x. Used, leased

Seeding equipment

• y. New, purchased
• z. New, leased
• aa. Used, purchased
• ab. Used, leased 

Other machinery and equipment

• ac. New, purchased
• ad. New, leased
• ae. Used, purchased
• af. Used, leased

29. In 2025, did this operation invest any money in farm improvements or other assets?
Include:

• farm real estate
• construction and renovation
• land improvements (including trees and shrubs)
• barn equipment
• breeding and replacement livestock
• other assets purchased by the farm business, e.g., land and buildings other than farmland, stocks, bonds, Guaranteed Investment Certificate (GIC), co-op shares, etc.

Exclude:

• repairs and replacement parts (these are operating expenses)
• personal asset purchases.

1. Yes
2. No

30. In 2025, what was the amount of money invested for the following?

Exclude:

• Goods and Services Tax (GST), Provincial Sales Tax (PST), Harmonized Sales Tax (HST), Quebec Sales Tax (QST)
• repairs and replacement parts (these are operating expenses).
  Enter "0", if there is no value to report.
• a. Farm real estate purchased
  Exclude quota (to be reported below in option "g").
• b. Construction and renovation of building and other structures
  e.g., barns, feed storage, machine sheds, manure storage
• c. Construction or renovation of farm houses
• d. Barn equipment
  e.g., robot milkers
• e. Land improvements
  e.g., shelterbelts, windbreaks, buffer strips or fences for waterway protection, irrigation, orchard planting, draining, clearing of land
  Exclude fees paid to consultants (which are considered operating expenses).
• f. Breeding and replacement livestock intended to be on the farm for more than one year
  Include bulls, dairy cows, beef cows, boars, sows, bred gilts, rams, ewes, replacement lambs, goats for milk or hair.
  Exclude:
  • poultry
  • breeding feed, e.g., artificial insemination—to be reported as operating expenses.
• g. Quota purchased separately from other assets
• h. All other assets purchased by the farm business
  e.g., land and buildings other than farmland, stocks, bonds, co-op shares, GICs (Guaranteed Investment Certificate)
  Exclude Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) and other personal investments.
  Specify all other assets purchased by the farm business 

31. In 2025, how much money did this operation receive from government programs (both federal and provincial) to reduce the cost of any capital investment made to increase environmental performance, including energy efficiency?

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

Capital Sales

32. In 2025, did this operation sell or trade-in any of the following assets?

Select all that apply.

• Farmland and farm buildings
  Exclude quota (to be reported in option "Quota sold separately from other assets").
• Farm machinery and equipment (traded-in or sold outright)
  Include cars and trucks used in the farm business.
• Quota sold separately from other assets
• Breeding and replacement livestock
  Exclude culls for slaughter and poultry
• All other farm assets sold
  e.g., land and buildings other than farmland and farm buildings owned by this operation, stocks, bonds, wheat pool or co-op shares
  Exclude RRSPs (Registered Retirement Savings Plan) and other personal assets sold
  OR
• No sales of assets were made

33. In 2025, what was the selling price for the following?

Exclude GST (Goods and Services Tax), PST (Provincial Sales Tax), HST (Harmonized Sales Tax), and QST (Quebec Sales Tax).

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

• a. Farmland and farm buildings
  Exclude quota (to be reported in option "c").
• b. Farm machinery and equipment (traded-in or sold outright)
  Include cars and trucks used in the farm business.
• c. Quota sold separately from other assets
• d. Breeding and replacement livestock
  Exclude culls for slaughter and poultry.
• e. All other farm assets sold
  e.g., land and buildings other than farmland and farm buildings owned by this operation, stocks, bonds, wheat pool or co-op shares
  Exclude RRSPs (Registered Retirement Savings Plan) and other personal assets sold.
  Specify all other farm assets sold 

Farm assets of this operation

34. In 2025, did this operation own any livestock?

Include all poultry, all livestock and other animals owned by this farm operation.

Exclude all contract poultry and livestock not owned by this operation.

1. Yes
2. No

35. What was the estimated market value of the following livestock and poultry of this operation on the fiscal year-end date?

Market value is the estimated price at which the assets would sell for today.

Exclude:

• assets not from this operation
• contract livestock
• quota (to be reported in question 37c).

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

If precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimates

Market value of livestock and poultry assets

• a. Breeding, replacement and other livestock not considered market livestock
  i.e., expected to be on the operation for more than one year
  Include all livestock and fur animals for breeding or replacement purposes, e.g., bred gilts, bison, boars, bulls, cows, ewes, fur animals, goats for milk or hair, heifers for replacement, honey bees, lambs for replacement, llamas, ostriches, race and riding horses, rams, sows.
• b. Market livestock and poultry
  i.e., expected to be on the operation for less than one year
  Include all poultry (including layers and chicks), calves, culls, goats for meat, heifers for slaughter or feeding, lambs for slaughter, pigs (excluding boars and sows), steers, etc.

36. What was the estimated market value of the following short-term assets of this operation on the fiscal year-end date?

Market value is the estimated price at which the assets would sell for today.

Exclude: assets not from this operation

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

If precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimates.

Short-term farm assets (less than one year)

• a. Accounts receivable
  i.e., the amount outstanding on the fiscal year-end date for crops or livestock previously sold, deferred grain tickets, program payments, custom work and taxes receivable
  Include only those monies that are to be received within 12 months of this operation's fiscal year-end date. 
• b. Cash and short-term investments of this operation (less than one year)
  e.g., stocks, bonds, GICs (Guaranteed Investments Certificate) or co-op shares
  Exclude personal assets and AgriInvest balance.
• c. Inventory—Supplies on hand (inputs) such as feed, fertilizer, fuel, seed, chemicals, etc.
  Include any crops which were harvested or purchased that are not destined for market and instead are to be used in the farm business, e.g., silage, straw, hay, grain. 
• d. Stored inventory—Crops not yet sold
  Include all harvested and stored crops destined for market e.g., potatoes, grains and oilseeds, hay etc.
• e. All other short-term farm assets
  Include prepaid expenses (for chemicals, feed, fertilizer, seed, soil, etc.), the short-term portion of notes receivable, value of unsold livestock products, e.g., eggs, milk, pelts.
  Specify all other short-term farm assets

37. What was the estimated market value of the following long-term assets of this operation on the fiscal year-end date?

Market value is the estimated price at which the assets would sell for today.

Exclude assets not from this operation

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

If precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimates.

Long-term farm assets (more than one year)

• a. Market value of all farmland and buildings owned
  Include barns, farmhouses, all farmland owned, greenhouses, mushroom houses, grain bins, machine shops, silos, storage sheds, sugar bush, woodlots, farrowing houses, feeding and milking equipment.
  Exclude leased farmland and buildings and the value of quota. 
• b. Market value of all machinery and equipment owned
  Include cars and trucks used for the farm business, combines, computers and office equipment, cultivators, feeding equipment, moveable irrigation equipment, small tools, tractors, etc.
  Exclude leased machinery.
• c. Market value of quota
• d. Long-term investments of this operation (one year or more)
  e.g., stocks, bonds, long-term mutual funds co-op shares, GICs (Guaranteed Investment Certificates) 
  Exclude RRSPs (Registered Retirement Savings Plan) and other personal assets and AgriInvest balance.
• e. All other long-term farm assets
  Include:
  • grain condominiums
  • off-farm site warehouses
  • land and buildings (other than farmland and buildings of this operation reported above)
  • assets of a subsidiary company or shares of another operation
  • house owned by this operation (not owned personally by an operator)
  • the long-term portion of notes receivable
    Specify all other long-term farm assets

38. You have indicated owning farmland and buildings. What was the respective market value of each of the following assets on the fiscal year-end date? 

Market value is the estimated price at which the assets would sell for today. 

Exclude farmland and buildings not owned from this operation. 

Long-term farm assets (more than one year)

• a. Market value of all farmland owned
  Include all farmland owned and woodlots.
• b. Market value of all buildings owned
  Include barns, farmhouses, greenhouses, mushroom houses, grain bins, machine shops, silos, storage sheds, sugar shack, farrowing houses, feeding and milking equipment. 

Farm debt outstanding

39. On this operation's fiscal year-end date, did this operation have any long-term debts?

Long-term debts are liabilities your operation owes that are payable after more than one year past this operation's fiscal year-end date.

Include:

• mortgages
• outstanding loans
• outstanding payments to suppliers
• balance owing on operating lines of credit
• money borrowed from family
• money owed to government agencies or departments.

Exclude:

• personal or other business debt not associated with this farming operation
• leased machinery.

1. Yes
2. No

40. On this operation's fiscal year-end date, what was the amount of your operation's long-term debt to the following?

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

• a. Banks, caisses populaires, credit unions, trust companies, treasury branches
• b. Farm Credit Canada (FCC)
• c. Machinery and supply companies or feed companies
  e.g., accounts payable, breeder-hatchery operation, heating fuel
• d. Family members or private individuals
• e. Provincial government agencies
  e.g., agriculture credit or lending agencies, farm loan boards
• h. All other long-term farm debt
  e.g., long-term notes due
  Specify all other long-term farm debt

41. On this operation's fiscal year-end date, did this operation have any short-term debts?

Short-term debts are liabilities that need to be paid by your operation by a year after your fiscal year end date.

Short-term debt includes short-term portion of long-term debt.

Include:

• short term portion of the mortgages
• outstanding loans
• outstanding payments to suppliers
• balance owing on operating lines of credit
• money borrowed from family
• money owed to government agencies or departments.

Exclude:

• personal or other business debt not associated with this farming operation
• leased machinery.

1. Yes
2. No

42. On this operation's fiscal year-end date, what was the amount of your operation's short-term debt to the following?

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

• a. Banks, caisses populaires, credit unions, trust companies, treasury branches or credit card debt 
  Include balance owing on credit cards and operating lines of credit; not the credit limit. 
• b. Farm Credit Canada (FCC)
• c. Advance Payments Program (APP)
• d. Machinery and supply companies or feed companies
  e.g., accounts payable, breeder-hatchery operation, heating fuel
• e. Family members or private individuals
• f. Provincial government agencies
  e.g., agriculture credit or lending agencies, farm loan boards
• g. All other short-term farm debt
  e.g., short-term notes due
  Specify all other short-term farm debt

43. The amount reported in provincial government agencies (Question 40e) may have been obtained through a financial institution, but guaranteed by the provincial government. Please confirm the lender.

1. Bank, caisse populaire, credit union, trust company or treasury branch
2. Provincial government

Custom or contract feeding

44. In 2025, did this operation custom or contract feed any livestock or poultry for others?

Custom or contract feeding is where livestock or poultry are fed and raised by the operation for somebody else.

Include custom or contract grazing.

Exclude animals owned by this operation.

1. Yes
2. No

45. In 2025, of this operation's total gross farm revenue, how much was from custom or contract feeding?

Include revenue received for the total number of livestock and poultry custom or contract fed or grazed for the whole year.

Exclude animals owned by this operation.

Enter "0" if there is no value to report.

46. Please indicate the types of livestock and poultry custom or contract fed in 2025.

Select all that apply.

• a. Cattle
• b. Hogs
• c. Layers
• d. Broilers or roasters
• e. Turkeys
• f. Horses
• g. Other

47. Please indicate the total number of livestock and poultry custom or contract fed in 2025.

Include all cycles.

Exclude animals owned by the operation.

• a. Cattle
• b. Hogs
• c. Layers 
• d. Broilers or roasters
• e. Turkeys
• f. Horses
• g. Other

Wages and salaries

48. In 2025, what was this operation's total expense for wages and salaries?

Include:

• wages paid to farm operators
• all employee benefits
• wages paid to family members (including spouse and children)
• room and board expenses
• employer contributions for Worker's Compensation, Employment Insurance (EI), Canada Pension Plan (CPP) or Quebec Pension Plan (QPP).

Exclude dividends paid to shareholders.

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

49. Of the $X total wages and salaries, how much was paid to the following?

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

a. Family

If this operation has more than one operator, report for one operator and that operator's family.

Include:

• wages and salaries paid to the operator's spouse or common-law partner and to their children residing in the same dwelling
• employer contributions for Worker's Compensation, EI (Employment Insurance), CPP (Canada Pension Plan), QPP (Quebec Pension Plan).

Exclude wages and salaries paid to hired workers not in the family, family not residing in the same dwelling and any withdrawals from owner's equity.

b. Hired help

Include:

• employer contributions for Worker's Compensation, EI (Employment Insurance), CPP (Canada Pension Plan), QPP (Quebec Pension Plan)
• room and board expenses.

Exclude:

• wages and salaries paid to operators and members of the operators' family
• consultant expenses, e.g., lawyer, agronomist and all other technical expertise
• accounting expenses
• custom or contract workers
• persons (shareholders) who only received dividends from this operation.

Farm operating revenue

50. In 2025, what was the total gross farm revenue (before expenses) of this operation?

Include:

• revenues from custom and contract feeding reported previously
• revenue from sales of breeding and replacement livestock
• total program payments
• the sale of agricultural products, custom and contract work
• agri-tourism.

Exclude:

• the sale of land and buildings, machinery, equipment, financial assets, and quota (capital gains)
• the value of inventory adjustments
• goods purchased for resale.

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

51. In 2025, of the $X total gross farm revenue, how much was from the following?

The following selected revenue items may not add to the amount reported in the previous question.

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

• a. Sale of grains, oilseeds, pulse crops and forage seeds
• b. Sale of horticulture products
  Include potatoes, fruits, vegetables, greenhouse products, nursery products, sod, mushrooms, Christmas trees, vineyard sales, hay, tobacco, maple syrup, herbs and spices, ginseng, sugar beets, flowers for drying, etc.
  Exclude products purchased for resale.
• c. Sale of cattle
  Include breeding and replacement livestock.
• d. Sale of pigs
  Include breeding and replacement livestock.
• e. Sale of poultry
  Include eggs, chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, quails, pheasants, emus, ostriches, and guinea fowls.
• f. Sale of milk, cream and other dairy products
  Exclude goat and sheep milk (to be reported in option "i").
• g. Total amount received for program payments
  Include AgriInsurance (also known as provincial crop or production insurance), AgriStability, other direct program payments, rebates e.g., hail insurance, rebates on fuel and property tax, farm GST (Goods and Services Tax) or HST (Harmonized Sales Tax) refund, subsidies, Assurance stabilisation des revenus agricoles (ASRA), etc.
  Exclude AgriInvest.
• h. Agricultural custom or contract work and machine rentals
  Exclude amounts for custom or contract feeding.
• i. All other farm revenue
  e.g., honey, aquaculture, goat products, sheep products, other livestock, boarding, training and sale of horses, fur and wool, sales of wood, land rentals, patronage dividends, agri-tourism

Farm operating expenses

52. In 2025, what were the total farm operating expenses?

Include wages and salaries previously reported.

Exclude:

• the purchase of capital assets (capital investments)
• depreciation of capital assets (capital cost allowance)
• amortization
• the value of inventory adjustments.

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

53. In 2025, what were the farm operating expenses for the following?

The following selected expenses will not necessarily sum to the amount reported in the previous question.

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

• a. Fertilizer and lime
• b. Herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, etc.
• c. Seed and plants
  Exclude materials purchased for resale.
• d. Feed, supplements and hay
• e. Fuel for machinery, trucks and automobiles
  Include only the farm business share of amounts paid.
• f. Total interest paid on farm debt
  Exclude payments on the principal.
• g. Land rentals
  Include money paid to shareholders.
• h. Heating fuel
  Include only the farm business portion of amounts paid.
• i. Electricity
  Include only the farm business portion of amounts paid.

Financial information for sources other than this operation

Important

The purpose of the following questions is to assess the reliance of farm operators on non-farm activities for income.

When answering these questions, please refer only to off-farm incomes that are not related to this operation.

54. In 2025, what was the family's income from the following sources?

Refer to the T1 and T4 forms of all members of the operator's family (if possible).

Note: Press the help button (?) for additional information, including the definition of family.

• a. Employment Income from sources other than this operation (before deductions)
  See T1 lines 101 and 104.
• b. Net self-employment income from sources other than this operation
  Include business (T1 line 135), professional (T1 line 137), commission (T1 line 139), and fishing (T1 line 143) income.
• c. Investment Income from sources other than this operation
  Include interest and other investment income (T1 line 121), taxable capital gains (T1 line 127), dividends received (T1 lines 120 and 122), and net rental income from other real estate (T1 line 126).
• d. Pensions
  Include CPP (Canada Pension Plan) or QPP (Quebec Pension Plan) (T1 line 114), Old Age Security (OAS) (T1 line 113), Retirement Income Fund (RIF's) (T1 line 115), RRSP (Registered Retirement Savings Plan) withdrawals (T1 line 129), and Registered Pension Plans (RPPs).
• e. Other income from Government programs for families or individuals
  e.g., Canada Child Benefit, GST (Good and Services Tax) or HST (Harmonized Sales Tax) credits, Employment Insurance (EI) (T1 line 119), Working Income Tax Benefit
  Exclude any payments for farm programs.
• f. Other net income not from this operation (after expenses)
  e.g., income from another farm operation or business not related to this operation, oil lease rights, wind turbines, solar panels

Risk management

55. Based on your experience over the last 5 years, how would you rate each of the following risks faced by this operation?

a. Weather

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

b. Crop insects, pests and diseases

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

c. Livestock diseases

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

d. Commodity prices

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

e. Input prices

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

f. Interest rates on loans

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

g. Border closures or access to markets

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

h. Exchange rate
Value of Canadian dollar

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

i. Government policies, programs and regulations

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

j. Labour

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

Government-funded risk management programs—AgriInvest

56. In 2025, did this operation participate in the AgriInvest program?

AgriInvest is a self-managed producer-government savings account that allows producers to set money aside which can be used to recover from small income shortfalls or to make investments to reduce on-farm risks.

Participant is defined as “The holder of an AgriInvest Account”.

1. Yes
2. No
3. Not eligible

57. In 2025, did this operation deposit into or withdraw money from AgriInvest?

Please refer to this operation's 2025 AgriInvest Annual Statement of Account.

1. Yes
2. No

58. In 2025, what were this operation's total AgriInvest deposits?

Please refer to this operation's 2025 AgriInvest Annual Statement of Account.

Exclude government contributions.

59. In 2025, what were this operation's total AgriInvest withdrawals?

Please refer to this operation's 2025 AgriInvest Annual Statement of Account.

60. In 2025, what were the AgriInvest withdrawals used for?

Select all that apply.

1. To address a revenue decline
   e.g., lost production or decreased prices
2. To pay for farm input expenses
   e.g., seed, pesticides, fertilizer, feed, livestock purchases
3. To cover general farm expenses
   e.g., salaries and wages, rent for land and equipment, insurance, farm share of utilities, marketing
4. To make capital investments in the farm
   e.g., land, buildings, machinery, vehicles used in farming
5. To cover machinery expenses
   e.g., fuel, repairs, licenses and insurance for machinery and motor vehicles
6. To make payments on farm debt
   e.g., charges, interest and principal payments to a financial institution, to an input supplier
7. Other non-farm uses
   e.g., travel, pay home mortgage or loans not related to farming, education, vehicles not related to farming
   Specify all other non-farm uses

61. What were the ending balances in this operation's AgriInvest account as of this operation's fiscal year-end date?

Please refer to this operation's 2025 AgriInvest Annual Statement of Account.

1. Balance in Fund 1 (operator's deposits) 
2. Balance in Fund 2 (government contributions)

62. In 2025, which of the following reasons describe why this operation did not participate in the AgriInvest program?

Select all that apply.

1. Program benefits are too limited
2. Use other tools or programs to manage risks
3. Getting out of farming (or retiring)
4. Did not see a benefit
5. Lack of information
6. Not eligible
7. Other
   Specify other reasons

63. Based on your experience, how would you rate your level of satisfaction of the following characteristics of the Agrilnvest program?

a. Delivery

Administrators communicate effectively, respond to program changes in a timely way, are accurate in processing claims, etc.

• Very satisfied
• Somewhat satisfied
• Somewhat dissatisfied
• Very dissatisfied
• Not Applicable

b. Timeliness
Time it takes to assess the eligible amount and to receive government contribution.

• Very satisfied
• Somewhat satisfied
• Somewhat dissatisfied
• Very dissatisfied
• Not Applicable

c. Responsiveness
Effective in helping you recover small income losses or make on-farm investments.

• Very satisfied
• Somewhat satisfied
• Somewhat dissatisfied
• Very dissatisfied
• Not Applicable

d. Predictability
Likelihood of payments and the dollar amount are predictable.

• Very satisfied
• Somewhat satisfied
• Somewhat dissatisfied
• Very dissatisfied
• Not Applicable

Government-funded risk management programs—AgriStability

64. In which of the following years did this operation participate in AgriStability?

Participant is defined as “A producer that has paid the fee to confirm participation in the Program year.”

AgriStability provides support when you experience a large margin decline.

Select all that apply.

• 2025
• 2024
• 2023
• 2022
  OR
• Did not participate
  OR
• Not eligible

65. In 2025, which of the following reasons describe why this operation did not participate in the AgriStability program?

Select all that apply.

1. Program is complex or our operation is too small (might require an accountant)
2. Amount of program benefits is unpredictable
3. Program fees are relatively high
4. Use other tools or programs to manage risks
5. Payments are not timely
6. Getting out of farming (or retiring)
7. Other
   Specify other reasons

66. Based on your experience, how would you rate your level of satisfaction of the following characteristics of the AgriStability program?

a. Delivery
Administrators communicate effectively, respond to program changes in a timely way, are accurate in processing claims, etc.

• Very satisfied
• Somewhat satisfied
• Somewhat dissatisfied
• Very dissatisfied
• Not Applicable

b. Timeliness
Time it takes to assess the eligible amount and to receive government contribution.

• Very satisfied
• Somewhat satisfied
• Somewhat dissatisfied
• Very dissatisfied
• Not Applicable

c. Responsiveness
Effective in helping you recover small income losses or make on-farm investments.

• Very satisfied
• Somewhat satisfied
• Somewhat dissatisfied
• Very dissatisfied
• Not Applicable

d. Predictability
Likelihood of payments and the dollar amount are predictable.

• Very satisfied
• Somewhat satisfied
• Somewhat dissatisfied
• Very dissatisfied
• Not Applicable

67. Do you intend to enroll in the 2026 AgriStability program?

1. Yes
2. No
   What are the reasons?
   Select all that apply.
   1. Amount of program benefits is unpredictable
   2. Program fees are relatively high
   3. Use other tools or programs to manage risks
   4. Payments are not timely
   5. Getting out of farming (or retiring)
   6. Other
      Specify other reasons

Government-funded risk management programs—AgriInsurance

68. In which of the following years did this operation participate in AgriInsurance (also known as provincial crop insurance or production insurance)?

AgriInsurance is a federal-provincial-producer cost-shared program that stabilizes a producer's income by minimizing the economic effects of production losses caused by natural hazards. AgriInsurance is a provincially delivered program.

Select all that apply.

1. 2025
2. 2024
3. 2023
4. 2022
   OR
5. Did not participate
   OR
6. Not eligible

69. In 2025, which of the following reasons describe why this operation did not participate in the AgriInsurance program?

Select all that apply.

1. Production coverage options are not clear
2. Commodity specific plans (including coverage levels) are inadequate or not available
3. Program benefits are unpredictable
4. Premium costs are too high
5. Use other tools or programs to manage risks
6. Payments are too infrequent
7. Getting out of farming (or retiring)
8. Other
   Specify other reasons

70. Based on your experience, how would you rate your level of satisfaction of the following characteristics of the AgriInsurance program?

a. Delivery
Administrators communicate effectively, respond to program changes in a timely way, are accurate in processing claims, etc.

• Very satisfied
• Somewhat satisfied
• Somewhat dissatisfied
• Very dissatisfied
• Not Applicable

b. Timeliness
Time it takes to assess the eligible amount and to receive government contribution.

• Very satisfied
• Somewhat satisfied
• Somewhat dissatisfied
• Very dissatisfied
• Not Applicable

c. Responsiveness
The effectiveness of the coverage in helping you recover from production losses.

• Very satisfied
• Somewhat satisfied
• Somewhat dissatisfied
• Very dissatisfied
• Not Applicable

d. Predictability
Likelihood of payments and the dollar amount are predictable.

• Very satisfied
• Somewhat satisfied
• Somewhat dissatisfied
• Very dissatisfied
• Not Applicable

Government-funded risk management programs—Advance Payments Program (APP)

71. Has this operation ever participated in the Advance Payments Program (APP)?

Advance Payments Program (APP) is a federal loan guarantee program which provides agricultural producers with easy access to low-interest cash advances.

1. Yes
   How much was the last advance for this operation?
   • a. $100,000 or under
   • b. $100,001 to $200,000
   • c. $200,001 to $300,000
   • d. $300,001 to $400,000
   • e. $400,001 to $500,000
   • f. $500,001 to $1,000,000
     Why did this operation receive this amount?
     Select all that apply
     1. Only requested an interest-free advance
     2. Amount was required to meet cash-flow needs
     3. Not eligible to receive more
     4. Other
        Specify other reason
2. No
3. Not eligible

72. Why did this operation borrow money through the Advance Payments Program (APP)?

Select all that apply.

1. To manage my inventory to maximize sales revenue
2. Terms for APP loans (e.g., interest rates, repayment terms) are attractive compared to other financing options
3. APP loans are effective in helping manage cash flow of my operation
4. Other
   Specify other reasons

73. In 2025, did this operation participate in the Advance Payments Program (APP)?

1. Yes
2. No

74. Will this operation participate in the Advance Payments Program (APP) in coming years?

1. Yes
2. No
   What are the reasons? 
   Select all that apply
   • a. This operation has other means of managing cash flow
   • b. Other lenders have more beneficial terms or services
   • c. Don't know enough about the APP
   • d. The size of the loan doesn't reflect this operation's needs
   • e. Conditions for advances (e.g., repayment terms, interest rate) are not attractive
   • f. Other
     Specify other reasons
3. Don't know

Private risk management strategies

75. In 2025, which of the following tools or programs did the operation use to manage business risks?

Select all that apply.

1. Livestock Price Insurance (LPI)
2. Maritime Livestock Price Insurance Pilot Program (MLPIPP)
3. Futures Market Hedging or Options
4. Private Insurance
   e.g., livestock mortality, hail insurance
5. Canadian Agricultural Loans Act
6. Price pooling tools
   e.g., grain pools; exclude supply-managed marketing boards
7. Deliverables Insurance
   i.e., for non payment on delivery
8. Production or marketing contracts with buyers, processors, seed companies, etc.
   Exclude supply-managed commodities, futures contracts and options.
   OR
9. None of the above

Risk management

76. For your operation, how important are each of the following government-funded risk management programs in providing an effective means of managing business risk and disaster situations (caused by weather, low commodity prices, etc.) at your farm operation?

a. AgriInvest

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

b. AgriStability

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

c. AgriInsurance

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

d. Advance Payments Program (or Cash Advance Program)

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

77. For your operation, how important are each of the following strategies in providing an effective means of managing business risk and disaster situations (caused by weather, low commodity prices, etc.) at your farm operation?

a. Make use of market-based or private risk management tools (production or marketing contracts, hedging, options, private insurance)

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

b. Livestock Price Insurance (LPI)

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

c. Maritime Livestock Price Insurance Pilot Program (MLPIPP)

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

d. Diversification of farm production

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

e. Off-farm income or other income sources

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

f. Other

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

78. You've indicated there were other risk management tools or strategies providing effective means of managing business risk and disaster situations (caused by weather, low commodity prices, etc.) at your farm operation. What are these other risk management tools or strategies?

79. How has this operation's Business Risk Management (BRM) strategy shifted in the last five years?

BRM (Business Risk Management) programs include AgriInvest, AgriStability, AgriInsurance and the Advance Payments Program.

1. No major shift
2. Rely more on BRM programs than before
3. Rely less on BRM programs and more on private risk management tools
4. Rely less on both BRM programs and private risk management tools and more on on-farm mitigation strategies (e.g., diversification)

80. In recent years, how much of a role did Business Risk Management (BRM) programs play in this operation's investment decisions?

BRM (Business Risk Management) programs include AgriInvest, AgriStability, AgriInsurance and the Advance Payments Program.

1. No role
2. Minor role
3. Moderate role
4. Large role
5. Very large role

On-farm innovation

The following questions will assist in improving policies and programs that foster innovation in the sector. Information on current practices will be very helpful.

Innovation means implementing a new or significantly improved product, practice or process on your farming operation. Innovations must be new to your operation but need not be new to the industry.

81. In the last three years, 2023 to 2025, did this operation implement any of the following new or significantly improved products or practices?

New or significantly improved product, practices or process means any innovation you've adopted to your operation. The innovation must be new to your operation, but not necessarily new to the industry.

a. Crop products
e.g., crop varieties, cultivars or hybrids

1. Yes
2. No

b. Livestock products
e.g., types or breeds raised

1. Yes
2. No

c. Production practices

For example:

• feed management, animal housing, manure storage and treatment, livestock handling, grazing, biosecurity, other animal health and productivity practices
• seeding or planting, rotations, fertilizer or manure application, pest management, irrigation, harvesting, crop storage, using Global Positioning System (GPS) technology, other soil, land or crop improvement practices
• water management, organic farming, halal and other production practices
• precision agriculture using sensors and drones, AI (artificial intelligence)-based pest detection, autonomous robots and unmanned machines (harvesting, weeding, spraying, etc), regenerative farming techniques

1. Yes
2. No

d. Approaches to marketing

e.g., types of contracts, futures, options, direct marketing, AI-powered market analysis tools, blockchain for supply chain transparency, digital platforms for direct-to-consumer sales

1. Yes
2. No

e. Business management practices

e.g., approaches to labour requirements, business ownership or partnerships, ways of acquiring inputs, new processing activities, farm management software with AI analytics, automated accounting systems, cloud-based inventory management

1. Yes
2. No

Best management practices

The questions in this section focus on hay field or pasture composition.

82. In 2025, did this operation maintain any hay fields or pastures?

1. Yes
   How many acres, hectares or arpents of hay fields or pastures did you operate?
   Include hay fields or pastures rented from others.
   Exclude hay fields or pastures on farmland rented to others.
2. No

83. In 2025, did any of your hay fields or pastures include the following legumes or quality forages?

Select all that apply.

• Alfalfa
• Tannin containing legumes
  e.g., sainfoin or cicer milkvetch
• Quality forages
  e.g., timothy, fescues, meadow brome
  OR
• None of the above

84. In 2025, how many acres, hectares or arpents of hay fields or pastures included legumes or quality forages?

Include hay fields or pastures rented from others.

Exclude hay fields or pastures rented to others.

85. The last time you seeded your hay field or pastureland, what was the cost per acre, hectare or arpent to include legumes or quality forages?

Include the cost of seed and seeding, labour and any other related costs.

• Cost per acre, hectare or arpent in CAN$
  OR
• Don't know

86. What is the most recent year in which this operation seeded legumes or quality forages in hay fields or pastures?

• Year
  OR
• Don't know
• Never seeded or naturally occurring

87. In 2025, how important were each of the following reasons for including legumes or quality forages in hay fields or pastures?

a. Improved profitability

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

b. Improved cattle health and productivity

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

c. On-farm conservation
e.g., increase in biodiversity

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

d. Environmental benefits
e.g., reduction in greenhouse gases

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

e. Knowing other operations that had successfully included legumes or quality forages

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

f. Anticipated saving time or effort

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

g. This operation received technical assistance

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

h. This operation received financial assistance

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

i. Other reasons

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

88. Please specify the other reasons for including legumes or quality forages in hay fields or pastures.

89. In 2025, what were the main reasons that this operation did not include legumes or quality forages in hay fields or pastures.

Select all that apply.

• Uncertainty about the economic benefits
• Did not meet the conservation needs of this operation
• Too much time or effort required to implement this practice
• Insufficient financial assistance to cover the costs
• Lack of technical assistance
• This operation did not own the land
• Other reasons
  • Specify the other reasons

Farm production losses

90. In 2025, did this operation produce fruits, vegetables, potatoes or mushrooms?

1. Yes
2. No

91. In 2025, did this operation experience any loss of fully grown fruits, vegetables, potatoes or mushrooms that were harvest-ready or that had already been harvested?

Exclude loss from product that was still growing.

1. Yes
2. No

92. In 2025, what were the causes of the losses of harvest-ready production that occurred on this farm?

Select all that apply.

• Rejection due to quality standards
  How much did the rejection due to quality standards contribute to the losses of harvest-ready or harvested production for this operation?

1. Contributed a lot
2. Contributed a little

• Inadequate labour capacity
  How much did inadequate labour capacity contribute to the losses of harvest-ready or harvested production for this operation?

1. Contributed a lot
2. Contributed a little

• Equipment issues or breakdowns
  How much did equipment issues or breakdowns contribute to the losses of harvest-ready or harvested production for this operation?

1. Contributed a lot
2. Contributed a little

• Inaccurate supply and demand forecasting, cancelled orders or contracts
  How much did inadequate forecasting or cancelled orders contribute to the losses of harvest-ready or harvested production for this operation?

1. Contributed a lot
2. Contributed a little

• Inadequate storage
  How much did inadequate storage contribute to the losses of harvest-ready or harvested production for this operation?

1. Contributed a lot
2. Contributed a little

• Transportation delays
  How much did transportation delays contribute to the losses of harvest-ready or harvested production for this operation?

1. Contributed a lot
2. Contributed a little

• Price volatility made harvesting unaffordable
  How much did price volatility contribute to the losses of harvest-ready or harvested production for this operation?

1. Contributed a lot
2. Contributed a little

• Overproduction—unable to sell all
  How much did overproduction contribute to the losses of harvest-ready or harvested production for this operation?

1. Contributed a lot
2. Contributed a little

• Could not find a market
  How much did not finding a market contribute to the losses of harvest-ready or harvested production for this operation?

1. Contributed a lot
2. Contributed a little

• Other reasons
  Specify the other reasons
  How much did these other reasons contribute to the losses of harvest-ready or harvested production for this operation?

1. Contributed a lot
2. Contributed a little

93. In 2025, which of the following practices did this operation have in place to manage any losses of harvest-ready or harvested production?

Select all that apply.

• Donation or sharing with others
  e.g., food banks
• Diversions to animal feed production
• Diversion to energy production
  e.g., anaerobic digestion
• Production of compost
• Left in a pile to naturally decompose
• Left in the field
• Actively applied to the field
• Disposal at landfill
• Burnt or incinerated
• Other practices
  Specify the other practices

94. In 2025, what was the estimated cost associated with the disposal of losses of harvest-ready or harvested production?

Include haulage, tipping fees and other disposal costs.

Direct sales to retailers

95. In 2025, did this operation sell any products directly to retailers?

A retailer is an operation that sells directly to customers. Exclude wholesalers, cooperatives and sales directly to customers.

1. Yes
   Did this operation encounter any of the following challenges?
   Select all that apply.
   • Lack of transparency in the application of retail fees
   • Unpredictable payment terms
   • Difficult price negotiation
   • Changes to previously agreed upon terms or conditions
   • Meeting volume requirements
   • Other challenges
     Specify the other challenges
2. No

On-farm innovation

96. In the last three years, 2023 to 2025, how important were the following activities when deciding to try something new on this operation?

a. Obtaining advice and information from fellow farmers based on their experiences

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

b. Attending demonstration farms and field days to observe the innovation implemented

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

c. Attending workshops, seminars, meetings or conferences

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

d. Obtaining information from input companies
e.g., seed and feed dealers

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

e. Seeking information from independent consultants

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

f. Seeking information from regional specialists or extension officers

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

g. Reading detailed technical and financial information
e.g., on line research

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

h. Relying on own experience

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

i. Participating in producer associations

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

97. In the last three years, from 2023 to 2025, how important were the following factors when deciding to try something new on this operation?

a. Cost reduction or increase in production

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

b. Increase in value of product
e.g., due to superior quality or attributes or novelty of the product

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

c. Environmental benefits

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

d. Benefits for work and family balance

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

e. Level of financial risk of the innovation compared to current practice

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

f. Access to financial resources to implement the innovation
e.g., loans, venture capital or other financing

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

g. Availability of information to assess the value of the innovation for your operation

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

h. Technical expertise to implement the innovation

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

i. Operator’s time required to implement the innovation

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

j. Labour requirement

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

k. Worker safety

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

98. When it comes to the introduction of new or significantly improved products, processes or practices, does this operation tend to:

1. be among the first to try something new
2. wait until at least a few others have tried it first
3. wait until it has been well tested
4. be among the last to try something new

Local Food

99. In 2025, did this operation sell any food products locally?

Include direct-to-consumer, local independent or chain retailers, local independent or chain restaurants, food trucks, caterers, meal kits and local institutions. 

Exclude:

• sales to local processors, manufacturers and wholesalers
• charitable donations, animal feed and food produced by other farms. 

1. Yes
2. No

100. In 2025, approximately what percentage of your operation’s total sales came from local market channels?

For local market channels include direct-to-consumer, local independent or chain retailers, local independent or chain restaurants, food trucks, caterers, meal kits and local institutions.

Exclude:

• sales to local processors, manufacturers and wholesalers
• charitable donations, animal feed and food produced by other farms. 

Percentage of total sales

If less than 1%, please enter 1%

101. Thinking only about your operation’s local food sales in 2025, what percentage came from the following local market channels?

Exclude:

• sales to local processors, manufacturers and wholesalers
• charitable donations, animal feed and food produced by other farms. 

1. Direct-to-consumer
   e.g., online, kiosks, U-pick, farmers’ markets, community supported agriculture baskets
2. Local independent or chain retailers
   e.g., grocery, mass merchandisers, bakeries
3. Local independent or chain restaurants, food trucks, caterers or meal kits
4. Local institutions
   e.g., hospitals, schools
5. Other
   Specify other local market channel

Changes or events

102. Indicate any changes or events that affected the reported values for this business or organization compared with the last reporting period.

Select all that apply.

1. Price changes in goods or services sold
2. Price changes in labour or raw materials
3. Natural disaster
4. Weather—early or late start to spring or winter
5. Other
   Specify the other change or event
   OR
6. No changes or events

Contact person

103. Statistics Canada may need to contact the person who completed this questionnaire for further information.

Is the respondent the best person to contact?

1. Yes
2. No
   Who is the best person to contact about this questionnaire?
   • a. First name
   • b. Last name
   • c. Title
   • d. Email address
     Example: user@example.gov.ca
   • e. Telephone number (including area code)
     Example: 123-123-1234
   • f. Extension number (if applicable)
   • g. Fax number (including area code)
     Example: 123-123-1234

Feedback

104. How long did it take to complete this questionnaire?

Include the time spent gathering the necessary information.

105. Do you have any comments about this questionnaire?

200 characters available

Form 91Q

Confidential when completed.

This information is collected under the authority of the Statistics Act. R.S.C., 1985, c. S-19

Control use

SSID

• Prov.
• CD No.
• CU No.
• VR Line No.

Contact person

Office Use Only

Result of interview

1. Completed questionnaire
2. Incomplete questionnaire

Section 1 — Address or Exact Location of This Dwelling

Transcribe from the Assignment List (Form 1B)

• Street and No. or lot and concession
• Apt. No.
• City, town, village
• Province/territory
• Postal Code

Section 2 — Verification of Dwelling

Interviewer check item:
1. Is there a dwelling (a set of living quarters with a private entrance) at the address listed above?

1. Yes; Continue with Question 2
2. No; What is located at this address?
   3. Business or professional office of some sort (e.g., dentist office, gas station); Continue with Question 2
   4. Dwelling under construction; Continue with Question 2
   5. Dwelling demolished; Continue with Question 2
   6. Empty lot; Continue with Question 2
   7. Could not locate address; End interview
   8. Apartment no longer used as a separate dwelling; Continue with Question 2
   9. Other – Specify; End interview

Read script: refer to Form 91R
2. On Census Day, Tuesday, May 12, was there a single set of living quarters at this address, or was there more than one?

1. None; End interview
2. One; Continue with Question 3
3. More than one; Did each have a private entrance?
   4. Yes; Go to Question 3 and complete a separate questionnaire for each dwelling
   5. No; Go to Question 3

Interviewer check item:
3. Identify person contacted.

• Given name and initial(s)
• Family name

1. Occupant
2. Neighbour
3. Superintendent or building manager
4. Other; Specify

Section 3 — Dwelling Occupancy Status on May 12, 2026

4. Was someone living in the dwelling on Census Day?

1. Yes; Continue with Question 5
2. No; Go to Question 6
3. Don't know; End interview and find another contact

• If the dwelling is now occupied but the occupancy on May 12, 2026 is unknown, check "Don't know".
• Only check "Yes" or "No" based on the occupancy on Census Day, Tuesday, May 12, 2026.

5. On Census Day, were they living in the dwelling on a temporary or occasional basis, or was it their main residence?
A temporary or occasional basis would include such things as staying at a summer home or a second home.

1. Temporary – Specify; Go to Question 15
2. Main residence; Go to Question 17
3. Don't know; Go to Question 17

6. Is the dwelling generally occupied on a temporary or occasional basis, or is it someone's main residence?
A temporary or occasional basis would include such things as a summer home or a second home.

1. Temporary – Specify; Go to Question 15
2. Main residence; Continue with Question 7
3. Don't know; Continue with Question 7

7. Were the usual residents temporarily away, or staying outside of Canada on Census Day, Tuesday, May 12?
Temporarily away includes being away on business, at a summer home, on vacation, or at school.

1. Yes – Specify; Go to Question 17
2. No; Continue with Question 8
3. Don't know; Continue with Question 8

Section 4 — Interview A — Dwelling Unoccupied on May 12, 2026

8. Was anyone living in the dwelling at any time between May 1st and Census Day, Tuesday, May 12?

1. Yes; Continue with Question 9
2. No; Go to Question 11
3. Don't know; Go to Question 11

9. Were they living in this dwelling on a temporary or occasional basis, or was it their main residence?
A temporary or occasional basis would include such things as staying at a summer home or a second home.

1. Temporary; Go to Question 15
2. Main residence; Continue with Question 10
3. Don't know; Go to Question 11

10. Could you tell me when these former occupants moved out of the dwelling?

1. On or before May 11, 2026; Continue with Question 11
2. On or after May 12, 2026; Return to Question 4, and obtain information about the dwelling for Census Day. Use a new questionnaire if necessary.
3. Don't know; Continue with Question 11

Interviewer check item:
11. Is the person being interviewed an occupant of the dwelling listed in SECTION 1?

1. Yes; Continue with Question 12
2. No; Go to Question 13

12. On what date did your household move into this dwelling?

1. On or before May 12, 2026; Return to Question 4, and obtain information about the dwelling for Census Day. Use a new questionnaire if necessary.
2. On or after May 13, 2026; Go to Question 15
3. Don’t know; Go to Question 15

13. Is someone currently living in the dwelling?

1. Yes; Continue with Question 14
2. No; Go to Question 15
3. Don't know; Go to Question 15

14. On what date did the current occupant(s) move into the dwelling?

1. On or before May 12, 2026; Return to Question 4, and obtain information about the dwelling for Census Day. Use a new questionnaire if necessary.
2. On or after May 13, 2026; Continue with Question 15
3. Don't know; Continue with Question 15

15. Was this dwelling suitable for year-round occupancy on Census Day, Tuesday, May 12?
That is, did it have a source of heat or power, and provide complete shelter from the elements?

1. Yes; Continue with Question 16
2. No; Continue with Question 16
3. Don't know; Continue with Question 16

16. Was this dwelling under construction or major renovation on Census Day, Tuesday, May 12?

1. Yes; End interview and complete Question 24 and Question 25
2. No; End interview and complete Question 24 and Question 25
3. Don't know; End interview and complete Question 24 and Question 25

Section 5 — Interview B — Dwelling Occupied on May 12, 2026

17. How many persons were living in the dwelling on Census Day, Tuesday, May 12?

Include:

• All persons who had their main residence at this address on May 12, 2026, including newborn babies, roommates and persons who were temporarily away,
• Canadian citizens, landed immigrants (permanent residents), persons asking for refugee status (asylum seekers), persons from another country with a work or study permit and family members living here with them,
• Persons who were staying at this address temporarily on May 12, 2026 who had no main residence elsewhere.

Exclude:

• Visitors who had their main residence elsewhere in Canada,
• Government representatives of another country or members of the Armed Forces of another country and their families,
• Residents of another country visiting Canada, for example, on a business trip or on vacation.

1. number of persons; Continue with Question 18
   If "00" persons (meaning ALL persons living in this dwelling are in the "Exclude" group) End interview and complete Question 24 and Question 25
2. Don't know; Continue with Question 18

18. When did these people move into this dwelling?

1. On or before May 12, 2026; Go to Question 21
2. On or after May 13, 2026; Continue with Question 19
3. Don't know; Go to Question 23

19. Did anyone live in the dwelling prior to these people?

1. Yes; Continue with Question 20
2. No; Return to Question 4, and obtain information about the dwelling for Census Day. Use a new questionnaire if necessary.
3. Don't know; Go to Question 23

20. When did these former occupants move out of this dwelling?

1. On or before May 11, 2026; Return to Question 4, and obtain information about the dwelling for Census Day. Use a new questionnaire if necessary
2. On or after May 12, 2026; Return to Question 17 and obtain information for the May 12 occupants
3. Don't know; Go to Question 23

21. Do these people still live in the dwelling?

1. Yes; Go to Question 23
2. No; Continue with Question 22
3. Don't know; Go to Question 23

22. When did these people move out of the dwelling?

1. On or before May 11, 2026; Return to Question 4, and obtain information about the dwelling for Census Day. Use a new questionnaire if necessary.
2. On or after May 12, 2026; Go to Question 23
3. Don't know; Go to Question 23

23. For each person usually living in the dwelling on Census Day, Tuesday, May 12, what is their approximate age?

Interviewer instructions:
Refer to Question 17 to obtain the total number of persons.
If Question 17 has no response or the number of persons is "00" or more than "06", End interview and complete Question 24 and Question 25.

1. Number of persons

Obtain the age group for each person. If the age of a person is unknown, a best guess is acceptable. If it’s unclear which category to choose, read the age groups out loud to the respondent for clarification.

End interview and complete Question 24 and 25.

Section 6 — Classification of Dwelling

Interviewer:
To be completed by interviewer upon completion of interview.

24. What is the "dwelling type" of the dwelling listed in Section 1? Mark one circle only.
For a list of dwelling types and their definitions refer to page 6.

1. Single-detached house
2. Semi-detached house
3. Row house
4. Apartment or flat in a duplex
5. Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys
6. Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys
7. Other single-attached house
8. Mobile home
9. Other movable dwelling

25. Is the dwelling listed in Section 1 suitable for year round occupancy?
That is, does it have a source of heat or power, and provide complete shelter from the elements?

1. Yes
2. No
3. Don't know

Section 7 — Situations in the Field

Interviewer check item:
Check all that apply. Explain situations in Section 8 - Comments.

1. "No dwelling exists" or "Could not locate address" - explain the situation
2. More than one dwelling at the same address – explain the situation & write down the exact number of dwellings at this address
3. Two addresses describe the same dwelling – write down the SSID for each dwelling
4. Only one of the two addresses associated with the dwelling is listed on the Assignment List, Form 1B, you will conduct one interview for the entire dwelling – write the other address associated with the dwelling
5. Dwelling is a business or collective dwelling with a private dwelling at the address – explain the situation
6. Refusal by the occupant
7. Refusal by NON-occupant
8. Received a completed Form 2A during DCS
9. Other – explain the situation

Section 8 — Comments

(Space for comments)

Private dwelling type codes - Definitions

1. Single-detached house

A single dwelling not attached to any other dwelling or structure (except its own garage or shed).

A single-detached house has open space on all sides, and has no dwellings either above it or below it.

A mobile home fixed permanently to a foundation should be coded as a single-detached house. (See Code 8.)

2. Semi-detached house

One of two dwellings attached side by side (or back to back) to each other, but not attached to any other dwelling or structure (except its own garage or shed). A semi-detached house has no dwellings either above it or below it and the two units, together, have open space on all sides.

3. Row house

One of three or more dwellings joined side by side (or occasionally side to back), such as a townhouse or garden home, but not having any other dwellings either above it or below. If townhouses are attached to high-rise buildings, assign Code 3 to each townhouse.

4. Apartment or flat in a duplex

One of two dwellings, located one above the other. If duplexes are attached to triplexes or other duplexes or to other non-residential structures (e.g., a store), assign Code 4 to each apartment or flat in the duplexes.

5. Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys

A dwelling unit in a high-rise apartment building which has five or more storeys. Also included are apartments in a building that has five or more storeys where the first floor and/or second floor are commercial establishments.

6. Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys

A dwelling unit attached to other dwelling units, commercial units, or other non-residential space in a building that has fewer than five storeys.

7. Other single-attached house

A single dwelling that is attached to another building and that does not fall into any of the other categories, such as a single dwelling attached to a non-residential structure (e.g., store or church) or occasionally to another residential structure (e.g., apartment building).

8. Mobile home

A single dwelling, designed and constructed to be transported on its own chassis and capable of being moved to a new location on short notice. It may be placed temporarily on a foundation pad and may be covered by a skirt.

A mobile home must meet the following two conditions:

• It is designed and constructed to be transported on its base frame (or chassis) in one piece.
• The dwelling can be moved on short notice. This dwelling can be easily relocated to a new location, because of the nature of its construction, by disconnecting it from services, attaching it to a standard wheel assembly and moving it without resorting to significant renovations and reconstructions.

9. Other movable dwelling

A single dwelling, other than a mobile home, used as a place of residence, but capable of being moved on short notice, such as a tent, recreational vehicle, travel trailer, houseboat or floating home.

Private dwelling type codes — Chart

Is this dwelling attached to another dwelling or structure (other than its own garage or shed)?

• No
  Can this dwelling be moved on short notice?
  • No: Code 1
  • Yes
    Is this dwelling designed and constructed to be transported on its own frame (i.e., mobile home)?
    • No: Code 9
    • Yes: Code 8
• Yes
  Does this dwelling have any other dwelling(s) above or below it?
  • No
    Is this dwelling in a building that has more than two dwellings attached side by side or back to back?
    • No
      Is this dwelling attached to only one other dwelling side by side or back to back (i.e., semi-detached)?
      • No: Code 7
      • Yes: Code 2
    • Yes: Code 3
  • Yes
    Is this dwelling in a building that has five or more storeys?
    • No
      Are there exactly two dwellings in this building?
      • No: Code 6
      • Yes: Code 4
    • Yes: Code 5

Integrated Business Statistics Program (IBSP)

This guide is designed to assist you as you complete the 2026 Biannual Livestock Survey. If you need more information, please call the Statistics Canada Help Line at the number below.

Your answers are confidential.

Statistics Canada is prohibited by law from releasing any information it collects which could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent or as permitted by the Statistics Act.

Statistics Canada will use information from this survey for statistical purposes.

Help Line: 1-800-565-1685

Table of contents

Skip to text

Reporting instructions
Definitions
Livestock: inclusions and exclusions
Cattle and calves
Pigs
Pigs - Farrowings
Sheep and lambs

Text begins

Reporting instructions

When answering the questions, please include as of the reference day:

• All livestock (cattle or calves, pigs, and/or sheep or lambs) on your operation regardless of ownership, including livestock custom fed, fed under contract for others, and livestock pastured.
• All livestock owned by the operator and held on Crown land, community pastures, and grazing projects.
• Please do not report livestock (cattle or calves, pigs, and/or sheep or lambs) which are owned by you but kept on a farm, ranch or feedlot operated by someone else.

Definitions

Legal Name 
The legal name is one recognized by law, thus it is the name liable for pursuit or for debts incurred by the business or organization. In the case of a corporation, it is the legal name as fixed by its charter or the statute by which the corporation was created.

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

To indicate a legal name of another legal entity you should instead indicate it in question 3 by selecting 'Not currently operational' and then choosing the applicable reason and providing the legal name of this other entity along with any other requested information.

Operating Name
The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

Current main activity of the business or organization
The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. Created against the background of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is designed to provide common definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three economies. NAICS is based on supply-side or production-oriented principles, to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS, are suitable for the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.

The target entity for which NAICS is designed are businesses and other organizations engaged in the production of goods and services. They include farms, incorporated and unincorporated businesses and government business enterprises. They also include government institutions and agencies engaged in the production of marketed and non-marketed services, as well as organizations such as professional associations and unions and charitable or non-profit organizations and the employees of households.

The associated NAICS should reflect those activities conducted by the business or organizational unit(s) targeted by this questionnaire only, and which can be identified by the specified legal and operating name. The main activity is the activity which most defines the targeted business or organization's main purpose or reason for existence. For a business or organization that is for-profit, it is normally the activity that generates the majority of the revenue for the entity.

The NAICS classification contains a limited number of activity classifications; the associated classification might be applicable for this business or organization even if it is not exactly how you would describe this business or organization's main activity.

Please note that any modifications to the main activity through your response to this question might not necessarily be reflected prior to the transmitting of subsequent questionnaires and as a result they may not contain this updated information.

Livestock: inclusions and exclusions

Include all livestock on your operation as of the reference day, regardless of ownership, including livestock pastured, custom fed or fed under contract for others.

Include all livestock owned by the operator and held on Crown land, community pastures and grazing projects.

Exclude livestock which are owned by you but kept on a farm, ranch, or feedlot operated by someone else.

Community pastures, grazing associations, Crown land: a community pasture or grazing reserve can be a federal, provincial or municipal land operated by a manager and rented to livestock producers for pasturing animals at a fixed fee per head. A co-operative grazing association is a group of people who usually incorporate and rent or lease land for a common grazing area.

Note: forest reserves fall under the category of grazing reserve. Crown land is land owned by the government (municipal, provincial or federal) and generally managed by the government. Crown land does not necessarily have to be used for the purpose of grazing livestock, although grazing does take place on Crown land, particularly in British Columbia.

Fed under contract / custom feeding: livestock are fed under a pre-arranged agreement with a company (for example, feed mill) or another producer to feed the cattle or hogs to market weight. Usually the "feed" operator owns the buildings and supplies the labour but does not own the livestock.

Feedlot (cattle): feedlots are operations where livestock are fattened for market. A feedlot operation may own the animals, or may feed them for other operators for a fee, or both.
Note: feedlots are more applicable to cattle.

Feeding and finishing operations (pigs): feeding and finishing operations are applicable to pigs. Hog feeding and finishing operations are operations in which hogs are fed to market weight. Usually there are no breeding sows or boars in these operations other than those culled from a breeding herd, being fattened for slaughter.

Slaughtered for own consumption: if there are any livestock (cattle, hogs, or sheep) which will be slaughtered for personal consumption, include that livestock in inventory counts. For example, if a dairy operator has one pig which will be slaughtered for personal consumption, include this pig in inventory counts.

Cattle and calves

Bulls: male cattle which have not been castrated, 1 year and over, which are or will be kept for breeding purposes or for slaughter.

Steers: castrated male cattle, 1 year and over, being fed for slaughter.

Heifers: female cattle over 1 year old which have never calved, used (or to be used) for breeding or fed for slaughter.

Cow: female cattle which have calved at least once, being used for the production of dairy or for the reproduction of beef calves. Include "first calf heifers".

Calves: cattle of either sex, under 1 year old.

Calving: a term used when referring to cattle, meaning to give birth.

Pigs

Boars: non-castrated male pigs, 6 months and older, used or to be used (or sold) for breeding purposes.

Bred gilts: female pigs which have never farrowed but which have been bred; they are intended for breeding purposes.

Farrowing: term used when referring to pigs, meaning "to give birth".

Feeders: market pigs that are 50 to 119 lb (23 to 53 kg) or 120 to 179 lb (54 to 81 kg).
Note: sometimes referred to as grower pigs.

Finishers: market pigs over 179 lb (81 kg) which are being fed for slaughter.

Gilts: female pigs which have never farrowed and are intended for breeding. Gilts intended for breeding may or may not be bred.
Note: gilts are younger than bred gilts.

Hog: a general term used to describe any type of pig.

Market pigs: consists of 'feeders (growers)' and 'finishers' which are over 50 lb (23 kg). The general term 'market pigs' is to differentiate from pigs for breeding.

Piglet: a general term used to describe a new born pig.

Slaughter hogs: pigs which are approximately 220 to 240 lb (100 to 110 kg) and are ready to be sold or slaughtered.

Sows: female pigs which have farrowed at least once.

Stillborn: born dead.

Suckling pigs: young pigs under 15 lb (7 kg), which have not been weaned.

Weaners, Weanling, Nursery or Starter: pigs of either sex, 15 to 49 lb (7 to 22 kg), which have recently been weaned.

Weaning: switching a young animal from mother's milk to another source of food.

Pigs - Farrowings

Total number of farrowings: this question is asking to report the total number of farrowings in the last 6 months. If a sow farrowed two times in the last 6 months this would be reported as two farrowings.

Average number of piglets born per litter: this question is asking to report the average number of piglets born per litter during the last 6 months. Some respondents interpret this to mean how many total piglets were born during the last six months. The data we are looking for is the average number of piglets born per sow. For example: If a respondent has 100 sows and each sow has 10 piglets born per litter. The correct response would be on average 10 piglets born per litter. Include piglets born alive and stillborn.

Total piglets born: this question is asking to report the total number of piglets born in the last 6 months. Total number of farrowings in the last 6 months multiplied by average number of piglets born per litter equals the total piglets born in the last 6 months. If the respondent is not able to report the total number of farrowings or average number of piglets born, the respondent should report the total number of piglets born in the last 6 months. Include piglets born alive and stillborn.

Sheep and lambs

Rams: non-castrated male sheep kept for breeding.

Ewes: female sheep kept for breeding.

Replacement lambs: replacement lambs are lambs that are being kept for breeding purposes. Include lambs born on the operation and lambs purchased from other sources. Also include lambs born and still located on the operation that will eventually be sold to other farms for breeding purposes.

Market lambs: market lambs are male or female lambs that are raised with the intent for slaughter.

Thank you for your participation.

Getting started

Why do we conduct this survey?

Statistics Canada is conducting this survey on travel and tourism in Nunavut on behalf of the Government of Nunavut.

Information from this survey will be used by the Government of Nunavut and other Canadian tourism stakeholders to better understand and serve travellers visiting Nunavut.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Although voluntary, your participation is important so that the information collected is as accurate and complete as possible.

This questionnaire is to be completed only by adults 18 years of age or older.

Other important information

Authorization and confidentiality

Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19. Your information will be kept strictly confidential.

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the response burden, Statistics Canada may combine the information you provide with other survey or administrative data sources.

Contact us if you have any questions or concerns about record linkage:

Email: infostats@statcan.gc.ca

Telephone: 1-877-949-9492

Mail:
Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of Director, Centre for Special Business Projects
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0T6

Basic travel information

1. Are you 18 years of age or older?

• Yes
• No

2. Are you travelling as a member of a crew, or a military, or diplomatic corps?

Crew includes any paid or unpaid staff of the cruise line.

• Yes
• No

3. Report the name of the cruise line and ship for your voyage.

• Name of cruise line
• Name of ship

4. Where do you live?

Report your usual place of residence. If you have multiple residences, report the one in which you spend the most amount of time.

• Usual place of residence
  • Within Canada
    • Alberta
    • British Columbia
    • Manitoba
    • New Brunswick
    • Newfoundland and Labrador
    • Northwest Territories
    • Nova Scotia
    • Nunavut
    • Ontario
    • Prince Edward Island
    • Quebec
    • Saskatchewan
    • Yukon Territory
  • Outside Canada
    • United States of America
    • Afghanistan
    • Åland Islands
    • Albania
    • Algeria
    • American Samoa
    • Andorra
    • Angola
    • Anguilla
    • Antarctica
    • Antigua and Barbuda
    • Argentina
    • Armenia
    • Aruba
    • Australia
    • Austria
    • Azerbaijan
    • Bahamas
    • Bahrain
    • Bangladesh
    • Barbados
    • Belarus
    • Belgium
    • Belize
    • Benin
    • Bermuda
    • Bhutan
    • Bolivia
    • Bonaire Sint Eustatius and Saba
    • Bosnia and Herzegovina
    • Botswana
    • Bouvet Island
    • Brazil
    • British Indian Ocean Territory
    • British Virgin Islands
    • Brunei Darussalam
    • Bulgaria
    • Burkina Faso
    • Burundi
    • Cabo Verde
    • Cambodia
    • Cameroon
    • Cayman Islands
    • Central African Republic
    • Chad
    • Chile
    • China
    • Christmas Island
    • Cocos (Keeling) Islands
    • Colombia
    • Comoros
    • Cook Islands
    • Costa Rica
    • Côte d'Ivoire
    • Croatia
    • Cuba
    • Curaçao
    • Cyprus
    • Czechia
    • Democratic Republic of the Congo
    • Denmark
    • Djibouti
    • Dominica
    • Dominican Republic
    • Ecuador
    • Egypt
    • El Salvador
    • Equatorial Guinea
    • Eritrea
    • Estonia
    • Eswatini
    • Ethiopia
    • Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
    • Faroe Islands
    • Federated States of Micronesia
    • Fiji
    • Finland
    • France
    • French Guiana
    • French Polynesia
    • French Southern Territories
    • Gabon
    • Gambia
    • Georgia
    • Germany
    • Ghana
    • Gibraltar
    • Greece
    • Greenland
    • Grenada
    • Guadeloupe
    • Guam
    • Guatemala
    • Guernsey
    • Guinea
    • Guinea-Bissau
    • Guyana
    • Haiti
    • Heard Island and McDonald Islands
    • Holy See (Vatican City State)
    • Honduras
    • Hong Kong
    • Hungary
    • Iceland
    • India
    • Indonesia
    • Iran
    • Iraq
    • Ireland
    • Isle of Man
    • Israel
    • Italy
    • Jamaica
    • Japan
    • Jersey
    • Jordan
    • Kazakhstan
    • Kenya
    • Kiribati
    • Kosovo
    • Kuwait
    • Kyrgyzstan
    • Laos
    • Latvia
    • Lebanon
    • Lesotho
    • Liberia
    • Libya
    • Liechtenstein
    • Lithuania
    • Luxembourg
    • Macao
    • Madagascar
    • Malawi
    • Malaysia
    • Maldives
    • Mali
    • Malta
    • Marshall Islands
    • Martinique
    • Mauritania
    • Mauritius
    • Mayotte
    • Mexico
    • Moldova
    • Monaco
    • Mongolia
    • Montenegro
    • Montserrat
    • Morocco
    • Mozambique
    • Myanmar
    • Namibia
    • Nauru
    • Nepal
    • Netherlands
    • New Caledonia
    • New Zealand
    • Nicaragua
    • Niger
    • Nigeria
    • Niue
    • Norfolk Island
    • North Korea
    • North Macedonia
    • Northern Mariana Islands
    • Norway
    • Oman
    • Pakistan
    • Palau
    • Panama
    • Papua New Guinea
    • Paraguay
    • Peru
    • Philippines
    • Pitcairn
    • Poland
    • Portugal
    • Puerto Rico
    • Qatar
    • Republic of South Africa
    • Republic of the Congo
    • Réunion
    • Romania
    • Russian Federation
    • Rwanda
    • Saint Barthélemy
    • Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
    • Saint Kitts and Nevis
    • Saint Lucia
    • Saint Martin (French part)
    • Saint Pierre and Miquelon
    • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
    • Samoa
    • San Marino
    • Sao Tome and Principe
    • Sark
    • Saudi Arabia
    • Senegal
    • Serbia
    • Seychelles
    • Sierra Leone
    • Singapore
    • Sint Maarten (Dutch part)
    • Slovakia
    • Slovenia
    • Solomon Islands
    • Somalia
    • South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
    • South Korea
    • South Sudan
    • Spain
    • Sri Lanka
    • Sudan
    • Suriname
    • Svalbard and Jan Mayen
    • Sweden
    • Switzerland
    • Syria
    • Taiwan
    • Tajikistan
    • Tanzania
    • Thailand
    • Timor-Leste
    • Togo
    • Tokelau
    • Tonga
    • Trinidad and Tobago
    • Tunisia
    • Türkiye
    • Turkmenistan
    • Turks and Caicos Islands
    • Tuvalu
    • Uganda
    • Ukraine
    • United Arab Emirates
    • United Kingdom
    • United States Minor Outlying Islands
    • United States Virgin Islands
    • Uruguay
    • Uzbekistan
    • Vanuatu
    • Venezuela
    • Viet Nam
    • Wallis and Futuna
    • West Bank and Gaza
    • Western Sahara
    • Yemen
    • Zambia
    • Zimbabwe

5. Including yourself, for how many people who travelled together can you report spending on this trip?

• Number of people
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8
  • 9
  • 10 or more

For this survey, these people are considered to be your travelling party. Please report for these people throughout the questionnaire.

6. For each member of your travelling party, starting with yourself, indicate their age and gender.

If the person is less than one year old, report their age as zero.

Person 1 (yourself)

• Age
  • 0 to 17 years old
  • 18 to 24 years old
  • 25 to 34 years old
  • 35 to 44 years old
  • 45 to 54 years old
  • 55 to 64 years old
  • 65 to 74 years old
  • 75 years old and older
• Gender
  • Male
  • Female
  • Or please specify
    • Specify your gender

Person 2

• Age
  • 0 to 17 years old
  • 18 to 24 years old
  • 25 to 34 years old
  • 35 to 44 years old
  • 45 to 54 years old
  • 55 to 64 years old
  • 65 to 74 years old
  • 75 years old and older
• Gender
  • Male
  • Female
  • Or please specify
    • Specify your gender

Person 3

• Age
  • 0 to 17 years old
  • 18 to 24 years old
  • 25 to 34 years old
  • 35 to 44 years old
  • 45 to 54 years old
  • 55 to 64 years old
  • 65 to 74 years old
  • 75 years old and older
• Gender
  • Male
  • Female
  • Or please specify
    • Specify your gender

Person 4

• Age
  • 0 to 17 years old
  • 18 to 24 years old
  • 25 to 34 years old
  • 35 to 44 years old
  • 45 to 54 years old
  • 55 to 64 years old
  • 65 to 74 years old
  • 75 years old and older
• Gender
  • Male
  • Female
  • Or please specify
    • Specify your gender

Person 5

• Age
  • 0 to 17 years old
  • 18 to 24 years old
  • 25 to 34 years old
  • 35 to 44 years old
  • 45 to 54 years old
  • 55 to 64 years old
  • 65 to 74 years old
  • 75 years old and older
• Gender
  • Male
  • Female
  • Or please specify
    • Specify your gender

Person 6

• Age
  • 0 to 17 years old
  • 18 to 24 years old
  • 25 to 34 years old
  • 35 to 44 years old
  • 45 to 54 years old
  • 55 to 64 years old
  • 65 to 74 years old
  • 75 years old and older
• Gender
  • Male
  • Female
  • Or please specify
    • Specify your gender

Person 7

• Age
  • 0 to 17 years old
  • 18 to 24 years old
  • 25 to 34 years old
  • 35 to 44 years old
  • 45 to 54 years old
  • 55 to 64 years old
  • 65 to 74 years old
  • 75 years old and older
• Gender
  • Male
  • Female
  • Or please specify
    • Specify your gender

Person 8

• Age
  • 0 to 17 years old
  • 18 to 24 years old
  • 25 to 34 years old
  • 35 to 44 years old
  • 45 to 54 years old
  • 55 to 64 years old
  • 65 to 74 years old
  • 75 years old and older
• Gender
  • Male
  • Female
  • Or please specify
    • Specify your gender

Person 9

• Age
  • 0 to 17 years old
  • 18 to 24 years old
  • 25 to 34 years old
  • 35 to 44 years old
  • 45 to 54 years old
  • 55 to 64 years old
  • 65 to 74 years old
  • 75 years old and older
• Gender
  • Male
  • Female
  • Or please specify
    • Specify your gender

Person 10

• Age
  • 0 to 17 years old
  • 18 to 24 years old
  • 25 to 34 years old
  • 35 to 44 years old
  • 45 to 54 years old
  • 55 to 64 years old
  • 65 to 74 years old
  • 75 years old and older
• Gender
  • Male
  • Female
  • Or please specify
    • Specify your gender

Package or inclusive trips

7. Was a travel package included as any part of this trip?

A travel package covers at least part of your trip and includes any combination of at least two services for which individual costs are not identified separately.

For example:

• Cruise that includes transportation, accommodations and meals as one price
• All-inclusive vacations
• Airfare and accommodation
• Accommodation, meals, and entertainment

• Yes
• No

8. Which of the following items were included in the single price you paid?

Select all that apply.

• Commercial transport to and from Canada (by plane, bus, train, boat)
• Transportation while in Canada
• Transportation (by plane, bus, train, boat) between and within foreign countries visited (other than Canada)
• Accommodation
• Recreation and entertainment
• Food and/or beverages
  Include alcoholic beverages.
• Other
  Include tips and internet access.
  • Specify all other items

9. How many nights were covered by the package portion of your trip?

Number of nights

10. How much did the package cost for your travelling party?

Use an estimate if necessary.

Total package cost

11. What is the currency used to report package spending?

• Currency
  • Canadian dollar (CAD)
  • Other currency
    • Other currency
      • U.S. dollar (USD)
      • Euro (EUR)
      • British pound (GBP)
      • Australian dollar (AUD)
      • Swiss franc (CHF)
      • Danish krone (DKK)
      • Other currency
        • Specify other currency

Total spending in Nunavut

12. Please report total spending in Nunavut for your travelling party for this trip in each of the following categories.

Exclude the package cost reported in question 10.

Use estimates if necessary.

Include any planned spending in Nunavut for the remainder of your trip.

Exclude commercial transportation costs to enter and leave Nunavut.

1. Inuit-made art (carvings, prints, clothing, etc.)
   • Amount
2. Clothing, gifts, and souvenirs
   Exclude Inuit-made art.
   • Amount
3. Accommodation
   • Amount
4. Local transportation
   Include gasoline, rented car, ride share, bus, and taxi.
   • Amount
5. Commercial transportation while in Nunavut
   Include planes and boats between Nunavut communities.
   • Amount
6. Food and/or beverages
   Include alcoholic beverages.
   • Amount
7. Recreation and entertainment
   • Amount
8. Other spending
   Include tips.
   • Specify other spending
     • Amount
9. Total spending
   • Amount

13. What is the currency used to report total spending in Nunavut?

• Currency
  • Canadian dollar (CAD)
  • Other currency
    • Other currency
      • U.S. dollar (USD)
      • Euro (EUR)
      • British pound (GBP)
      • Australian dollar (AUD)
      • Swiss franc (CHF)
      • Danish krone (DKK)
      • Other currency
        • Specify other currency

Activities while in Nunavut

14. While on this trip in Nunavut, in which activities did you or anyone in your travelling party participate?

Include activities offered by the cruise line and those from local companies, as well as self-directed activities.

Select all that apply.

• Visiting a cultural centre, museum, or art gallery
• Visiting a historic or archeological site
• Attending an Inuit or Indigenous event (performance, throat singing, etc.)
• Shopping
• Going to a restaurant
• Sightseeing
• Visiting a territorial or national park
• Going bird watching or wildlife viewing
• Outdoor activities (ATV, hiking, boating, fishing, etc.)
• Other
  • Specify other activities

Household income

15. What is the best estimate of your total household income in 2025?

Report for all sources (such as from work, investments, pensions, or government programs) for all members of your household, before taxes and deductions.

Total household income

16. What is the currency used to report household income?

• Currency
  • Canadian dollar (CAD)
  • Other currency
    • Other currency
      • U.S. dollar (USD)
      • Euro (EUR)
      • British pound (GBP)
      • Australian dollar (AUD)
      • Swiss franc (CHF)
      • Danish krone (DKK)
      • Other currency
        • Specify other currency

Why are we conducting this survey?

This survey collects information on scientific activities of Canadian businesses. The research and development expenditures and personnel information is used by federal, provincial and territorial governments and agencies, academics, trade associations and international organizations for statistical analyses and policy purposes. These data also contribute to national totals of research and development activities. The payments and receipts information is used by these agencies to monitor knowledge flows across international borders and between Canadian businesses.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Your participation in this survey is required under the authority of the Statistics Act.

Other important information

Authorization to collect this information

Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

Confidentiality

By law, Statistics Canada is prohibited from releasing any information it collects that could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent, or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes only.

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the reporting burden, Statistics Canada may combine the acquired data with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Data-sharing agreements

To reduce the response burden, Statistics Canada has entered into datasharing agreements with provincial and territorial statistical agencies and other government organizations, which have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes. Statistics Canada will only share data from this survey with those organizations that have demonstrated a requirement to use the data.

Provincial and territorial statistical agencies

Section 11 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with provincial and territorial statistical agencies that meet certain conditions. These agencies must have the legislative authority to collect the same information, on a mandatory basis, and the legislation must provide substantially the same provisions for confidentiality and penalties for disclosure of confidential information as the Statistics Act. Because these agencies have the legal authority to compel businesses to provide the same information, consent is not requested and businesses may not object to the sharing of the data.

For this survey, there are Section 11 agreements with the provincial and territorial statistical agencies of Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia and the Yukon. The shared data will be limited to information on in-house research and development expenditures (Question 14) and in-house research and development personnel (Question 72) pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Section 12 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with federal, provincial or territorial government organizations. Under Section 12, you may refuse to share your information with any of these organizations by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician, specifying the organizations with which you do not want Statistics Canada to share your data and mailing it to the following address:

Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of Director, Enterprise Statistics Division
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0T6

You may also contact us by email at infostats- this link will open in a new window or by fax at 1-514-496-4879.

Other data-sharing agreement

For this survey, there are Section 12 agreements with the statistical agencies of Prince Edward Island, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut. The shared data will be limited to information on in-house research and development expenditures (Question 14) and in-house research and development personnel (Question 72) pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada

For this survey, Statistics Canada will share survey data with Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada. The shared data will be limited to information on research and development expenditures (Questions 4 to 21), in-house research and development personnel (Questions 70 to 72) and environmental and clean technology R&D expenditures (Questions 76 and 77).

Natural Resources Canada

For respondents with expenditures on energy-related research and development in technology (fossil fuels, renewable energy resources, nuclear fission and fusion, electric power, hydrogen and fuel cells, energy efficiency, other energy-related technologies), Statistics Canada will also share survey data with the Office of Energy Research and Development (OERD) of Natural Resources Canada. The shared data will be limited to information on Energy Research and Development Expenditures by Area of Technology (Questions 22 to 69)  and Environmental and clean technology R&D expenditures (Questions 76 and 77).

Department of Finance Canada

For this survey, Statistics Canada will share survey data with the Department of Finance Canada. The shared data will be limited to information on environmental protection expenditures (Questions 76 and 77).

Housing, Infrastructure and Communities Canada

For this survey, Statistics Canada will share survey data with the Housing, Infrastructure and Communities Canada. The shared data will be limited to information on environmental protection expenditures (Questions 76 and 77).

Business or organization and contact information

1. Verify or provide the business or organization's legal and operating name and correct where needed.

Note: Legal name modifications should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

Legal Name

The legal name is one recognized by law, thus it is the name liable for pursuit or for debts incurred by the business or organization. In the case of a corporation, it is the legal name as fixed by its charter or the statute by which the corporation was created.

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

To indicate a legal name of another legal entity you should instead indicate it in question 3 by selecting 'Not currently operational' and then choosing the applicable reason and providing the legal name of this other entity along with any other requested information.

Operating Name

The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

• Legal name
• Operating name (if applicable)

2. Verify or provide the contact information of the designated business or organization contact person for this questionnaire and correct where needed.

Note: The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire.

• First name
• Last name
• Title
• Preferred language of communication
  • English
  • French
• Mailing address (number and street)
• City
• Province, territory or state
• Postal code or ZIP code
• Country
  • Canada
  • United States
• Email address
• Telephone number (including area code)
• Extension number (if applicable)
  The maximum number of characters is 10.
• Fax number (including area code)

3. Verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

• Operational
• Not currently operational
  Why is this business or organization not currently operational?
  • Seasonal operations
    • When did this business or organization close for the season?
      • Date
    • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
      • Date
  • Ceased operations
    • When did this business or organization cease operations?
      • Date
    • Why did this business or organization cease operations?
      • Bankruptcy
      • Liquidation
      • Dissolution
      • Other - Specify the other reasons for ceased operations
  • Sold operations
    • When was this business or organization sold?
      • Date
    • What is the legal name of the buyer?
  • Amalgamated with other businesses or organizations
    • When did this business or organization amalgamate?
      • Date
    • What is the legal name of the resulting or continuing business or organization?
    • What are the legal names of the other amalgamated businesses or organizations?
  • Temporarily inactive but will re-open
    • When did this business or organization become temporarily inactive?
      • Date
    • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
      • Date
    • Why is this business or organization temporarily inactive?
  • No longer operating due to other reasons
    • When did this business or organization cease operations?
      • Date
    • Why did this business or organization cease operations?

4. Verify or provide the current main activity of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

Note: The described activity was assigned using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

This question verifies the business or organization's current main activity as classified by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. Created against the background of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is designed to provide common definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three economies. NAICS is based on supply-side or production-oriented principles, to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS, are suitable for the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.

The target entity for which NAICS is designed are businesses and other organizations engaged in the production of goods and services. They include farms, incorporated and unincorporated businesses and government business enterprises. They also include government institutions and agencies engaged in the production of marketed and non-marketed services, as well as organizations such as professional associations and unions and charitable or non-profit organizations and the employees of households.

The associated NAICS should reflect those activities conducted by the business or organizational units targeted by this questionnaire only, as identified in the 'Answering this questionnaire' section and which can be identified by the specified legal and operating name. The main activity is the activity which most defines the targeted business or organization's main purpose or reason for existence. For a business or organization that is for-profit, it is normally the activity that generates the majority of the revenue for the entity.

The NAICS classification contains a limited number of activity classifications; the associated classification might be applicable for this business or organization even if it is not exactly how you would describe this business or organization's main activity.

Please note that any modifications to the main activity through your response to this question might not necessarily be reflected prior to the transmitting of subsequent questionnaires and as a result they may not contain this updated information.

The following is the detailed description including any applicable examples or exclusions for the classification currently associated with this business or organization.

Description and examples

• This is the current main activity
  • Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's main activity
  • e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development
• This is not the current main activity

Main activity

5. You indicated that is not the current main activity.

Was this business or organization's main activity ever classified as:?

• Yes
  • When did the main activity change?
    Date
• No

6. Search and select the industry classification code that best corresponds to this business or organization's main activity.

How to search:

• if desired, you can filter the search results by first selecting this business or organization's activity sector
• enter keywords or a brief description that best describes this business or organization main activity
• press the Search button to search the database for an activity that best matches the keywords or description you provided
• then select an activity from the list.

Select this business or organization's activity sector (optional)

• Farming or logging operation
• Construction company or general contractor
• Manufacturer
• Wholesaler
• Retailer
• Provider of passenger or freight transportation
• Provider of investment, savings or insurance products
• Real estate agency, real estate brokerage or leasing company
• Provider of professional, scientific or technical services
• Provider of health care or social services
• Restaurant, bar, hotel, motel or other lodging establishment
• Other sector

Enter keywords or a brief description, then press the Search button

Additional reporting instructions

1. Throughout this questionnaire, please report financial information in thousands of Canadian dollars.

For example, an amount of $763,880.25 should be reported as: 764, CAN$ '000

I will report in the format above

Reporting period

1. What is the end date of this business's fiscal year?

Note: For this survey, this business's fiscal year end date should fall on or before March 31, 2026.

Here are some examples of fiscal periods that fall within the targeted dates:

• May 1, 2024 to April 30, 2025
• July 1, 2024 to June 30, 2025
• October 1, 2024 to September 30, 2025
• January 1, 2025 to December 31, 2025
• February 1, 2025 to January 31, 2026
• April 1, 2025 to March 31, 2026

Fiscal Year-End date

This fiscal year will be referred to as 2025 throughout the questionnaire

Business status

2. What is this business's GST number (9-digit business number)?

GST number (9-digit business number)

In-house research and development (R&D) expenditures

Before you begin, differences between Scientific Research and Experimental Development (SR&ED) tax incentive program and this survey

Include the following expenditures in this survey:

• capital R&D expenditures
• R&D expenditures in the social sciences and humanities
• payments for R&D performed by other organizations outside Canada.

Definitions for this survey

'In-house R&D ' refers to
Expenditures within Canada for R&D performed within this business by:

• employees (permanent, temporary or casual)
• self-employed individuals or contractors who are working on-site on this business's R&D projects.

'Outsourced R&D ' refers to
Payments made within or outside Canada to other businesses, organizations or individuals to fund R&D performance:

• grants
• fellowships
• contracts.

In-house research and development ( R&D ) expenditures

3. In 2025, did this business have expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada?

Exclude payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 9.

In-house refers to R&D which is performed on-site or within the business's establishment. Exclude R&D expenses performed by other companies or organizations. A later question will collect these data.

Research and experimental development ( R&D ) comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge - including knowledge of humankind, culture and society - and to devise new applications of available knowledge.

R&D is performed in the natural sciences, engineering, social sciences and humanities. There are three types of R&D activities: basic research, applied research and experimental development.

Research work in the social sciences

Include if projects are employing new or significantly different modelling techniques or developing new formulae, analyzing data not previously available or applying new research techniques, development of community strategies for disease prevention, or health education.

Exclude:

• routine analytical projects using standard techniques and existing data
• routine market research
• routine statistical analysis intended for on-going monitoring of an activity.
  • Yes
  • No

4. In 2025, what were this business's expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada?

Exclude payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 9.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

In-house R&D expenditures are composed of current in-house R&D expenditures and capital in-house R&D expenditures.

Current in-house R&D expenditures

Include:

• wages, salaries, benefits and fringe benefits, materials and supplies
• services to support R&D, including on-site R&D consultants and contractors
• necessary background literature
• minor scientific equipment
• associated administrative overhead costs.

a. Wages, salaries of permanent, temporary and casual R&D employees

Include benefits and fringe benefits of employees engaged in R&D activities. Benefits and fringe benefits include bonus payments, holiday or vacation pay, pension fund contributions, other social security payments, payroll taxes, etc.

b. Services to support R&D

Include:

• payments to on-site R&D consultants and contractors working under the direct control of your business
• other services including indirect services purchased to support in-house R&D such as security, storage, repair, maintenance and use of buildings and equipment
• computer services, software licensing fees and dissemination of R&D findings.

c. R&D materials

Include:

• water, fuel, gas and electricity
• materials for creation of prototypes
• reference materials (books, journals, etc.)
• subscriptions to libraries and data bases, memberships to scientific societies, etc.
• cost of outsourced (contracted out or granted) small R&D prototypes or R&D models
• materials for laboratories (chemicals, animal, etc.)
• all other R&D -related materials.

d. All other current R&D costs including overhead

Include administrative and overhead costs (e.g., office, lease/rent, post and telecommunications, internet, legal expenditures, insurance), prorated if necessary to allow for non- R&D activities within the business.

Exclude:

• interest charges
• value-added taxes (goods and services tax (GST) or harmonized sales tax (HST)).

Capital in-house expenditures are the annual gross amount paid for the acquisition of fixed assets that are used repeatedly, or continuously in the performance of R&D for more than one year. Report capital in-house expenditures in full for the period when they occurred.

Include costs for software, land, buildings and structures, equipment, machinery and other capital costs.

Exclude capital depreciation.

e. Software

Include applications and systems software (original, customized and off-the-shelf software), supporting documentation and other software-related acquisitions.

f. Land acquired for R&D including testing grounds, sites for laboratories and pilot plants.

g. Buildings and structures that are constructed or purchased for R&D activities or that have undergone major improvements, modifications, renovations and repairs for R&D activities.

h. Equipment, machinery and all other capital

Include major equipment, machinery and instruments, including embedded software, acquired for R&D activities.

5. In 2026 and 2027, does this business plan to have expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada?

Exclude payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 11.

Select all that apply

In-house R&D expenditures are composed of current in-house R&D expenditures and capital in-house R&D expenditures.

Research and experimental development ( R&D ) comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge - including knowledge of humankind, culture and society - and to devise new applications of available knowledge

Inclusions

Prototypes
Include design, construction and operation of prototypes, provided that the primary objective is to make further improvements or to undertake technical testing.
Exclude if the prototype is for commercial purposes.

Clinical Trials
Include clinical trial phases 1, 2, and 3. Include clinical trial phase 4 only if it brings about a further scientific or technological advance.

Pilot plants
Include construction and operation of pilot plants, provided that the primary objective is to make further improvements or to undertake technical testing.
Exclude if the pilot plant is intended to be operated for commercial purposes.

New computer software or significant improvements/modifications to existing computer software
Includes technological or scientific advances in theoretical computer sciences; operating systems e.g., improvement in interface management, developing new operating system of converting an existing operating system to a significantly different hardware environment; programming languages; and applications if a significant technological change occurs.

Contracts
Include all contracts which require R&D. For contracts which include other work, report only the R&D costs.

Research work in the social sciences
Include if projects are employing new or significantly different modelling techniques or developing new formulae, analyzing data not previously available or applying new research techniques, development of community strategies for disease prevention, analysis of the effectiveness of health interventions, or health education.

Exclusions

Routine analysis in the social sciences including policy-related studies, management studies and efficiency studies
Exclude analytical projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies, principles and models of the related social sciences to bear on a particular problem (e.g., commentary on the probable economic effects of a change in the tax structure, using existing economic data; use of standard techniques in applied psychology to select and classify industrial and military personnel, students, etc., and to test children with reading or other disabilities).

Consumer surveys, advertising, market research
Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for commercialization of the results of R&D.

Routine quality control and testing
Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies not intended to create new knowledge, even if carried out by personnel normally engaged in R&D.

Pre-production activities such as demonstration of commercial viability, tooling up, trial production, trouble shooting
Although R&D may be required as a result of these steps, these activities are excluded.

Prospecting, exploratory drilling, development of mines, oil or gas wells
Include only if for R&D projects concerned with new equipment or techniques in these activities, such as in-situ and tertiary recovery research.

Engineering
Exclude engineering unless it is in direct support of R&D.

Design and drawing
Exclude design and drawing unless it is in direct support of R&D.

Patent and licence work
Exclude all administrative and legal work connected with patents and licences.

Cosmetic modifications or style changes to existing products
Exclude if no significant technical improvement or modification to the existing products has occurred.

General purpose or routine data collection
Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for on-going monitoring of an activity.

Routine computer programming, systems maintenance or software application
Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended to support on-going operations.

Routine mathematical or statistical analysis or operations analysis
Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for on-going monitoring of an activity.

Activities associated with standards compliance
Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended to support standards compliance.

Specialized routine medical care such as routine pathology services
Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for on-going monitoring of an activity where results do not further scientific, technological advance, or understanding of the effectiveness of a technology.

• In 2026
• In 2027
• No planned in-house R&D expenditures

6. In 2026, what are this business's planned expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada?

Exclude payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 11.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

7. In 2027, what are this business's planned expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada?

Exclude payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 11.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures

8. In 2025, did this business have outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures within Canada or outside Canada?

Include:

• funding or grants provided to other organizations to perform R&D
• contracted out expenditures for R&D.

Exclude services of self-employed individuals or contractors who are working on-site on this business's R&D projects, which should be reported in question 4.

Select all that apply.

Outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures are payments made through contracts, grants and fellowships to another company, organization or individual to purchase R&D activities.

• Within Canada
• Outside Canada
• No payment made to others to perform R&D

9. In 2025, what were this business's outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures within Canada or outside Canada?

Include:

• funding or grants provided to other organizations to perform R&D
• contracted out expenditures for R&D.

Exclude services of self-employed individuals or contractors who are working on-site on this business's R&D projects, which should be reported in question 4.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Include payments made through contracts, grants, donations and fellowships to another company, organization or individual to purchase or fund R&D activities.

Exclude expenditures for on-site R&D contractors.

Parent and subsidiary companies are companies connected to each other through majority ownership of the subsidiary company by the parent company. Affiliated companies are companies connected to a parent through minority ownership of the affiliated companies by the parent.

Companies include all incorporated for-profit businesses and government business enterprises providing products in the market at market rates.

Private non-profit organizations include voluntary health organizations, private philanthropic foundations, associations, consortia, accelerators, and societies and research institutes. They are not-for-profit organizations that serve the public interest by supporting activities related to public welfare (such as health, education, the environment).

Industrial research institutes or associations include all non-profit organizations that serve the business sector, with industrial associations frequently consisting of their membership.

Universities include hospitals and clinics when they are affiliated with a university and provide education services or when R&D activity is under the direct control of a university.

Federal government includes all federal government departments and agencies. It excludes federal government business enterprises providing products in the market.

Provincial or territorial governments include all provincial or territorial government ministries, departments and agencies. It excludes provincial or territorial government business enterprises providing products in the market.

Provincial or territorial research organizations are organizations created under provincial or territorial law which conduct or facilitate research on behalf of the province or territory.

Other organizations - individuals, non-university educational institutions, for profit accelerators and incubators, foreign governments including ministries, departments and agencies of foreign governments.

10. In 2026 and 2027, does this business plan to outsource (contract out or grant) R&D expenditures within Canada or outside Canada?

Include:

• funding or grants provided to other organizations to perform R&D
• contracted out expenditures for R&D.

Exclude services of self-employed individuals or contractors who are working on-site on this business's R&D projects, which should be reported in questions 6 and 7.

Select all that apply.

Outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures are payments made through contracts, grants and fellowships to another company, organization or individual to purchase R&D activities.

• In 2026
• In 2027
• No planned payments to others to perform R&D

11. In 2026 and 2027, what are this business's planned outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures within Canada or outside Canada?

Include:

• funding or grants provided to other organizations to perform R&D
• contracted out expenditures for R&D.

Exclude services of self-employed individuals or contractors who are working on-site on this business's R&D projects, which should be reported in questions 6 and 7.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Include payments made through contracts, licenses, grants, donations, endowments and fellowships to another company, university, hospital, consortia, organization or individual to purchase or fund R&D activities.

Exclude expenditures for on-site R&D contractors.

In-house and Outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures from 2025 to 2027

12. Summary of total R&D expenditures from 2025 to 2027

Geographic distribution of in-house R&D expenditures within Canada in 2025

13. In 2025, in which provinces or territories did this business have expenditures for R&D performed in-house?

Exclude:

• payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 9
• capital depreciation.

Select all that apply.

• Newfoundland and Labrador
• Prince Edward Island
• Nova Scotia
• New Brunswick
• Quebec
• Ontario
• Manitoba
• Saskatchewan
• Alberta
• British Columbia
• Yukon
• Northwest Territories
• Nunavut

14. In 2025, how were this business's total expenditures for R&D performed in-house distributed by province or territory?

Exclude:

• payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 9
• capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

For in-house R&D activities on federal lands, please include in the closest province or territory.

Sources of funds for in-house R&D expenditures in 2025

15. In 2025, what were the sources of funds for this business's total expenditures for R&D performed in-house?

Include Canadian and foreign sources.

Exclude:

• payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 9.
• capital depreciation.

Select all that apply.

Funds from this business
Amount contributed by this business to R&D performed within Canada (include amounts eligible for income tax purposes, e.g., Scientific Research and Experimental Development (SR-ED) program, other amounts spent for projects not claimed through SR-ED, and funds for land, buildings, machinery and equipment (capital expenditures) purchased for R&D).

Funds from parent, affiliated and subsidiary companies
Amount received from parent, affiliated and subsidiary companies used to perform R&D within Canada (include amounts eligible for income tax purposes, e.g., Scientific Research and Experimental Development (SR-ED) program, other amounts spent for projects not claimed through SR-ED, and funds for land, buildings, machinery and equipment (capital expenditures) purchased for R&D).

R&D contract work for other companies
Funds received from other companies to perform R&D on their behalf.

Federal government grants or funding
Grants or funds received from the federal government in support of R&D activities not connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

Federal government contracts
Funds received from the federal government in support of R&D activities connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

Provincial or territorial government grants or funding
Grants or funds received from the provincial or territorial government in support of R&D activities not connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

Provincial or territorial government contracts
Funds received from the provincial or territorial government in support of R&D activities connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

R&D contract work for private non-profit organizations
Funds received from non-profit organizations to perform R&D on their behalf.

Other sources
Funds received from all other sources not previously classified.

• Funds from this business
  Include interest payments, other income and funding or tax credits from tax incentives.
• Funds from parent, affiliated and subsidiary companies
• Federal government grants or funding
  Include R&D grants or funding or R&D portion only of other grants or funding. Do not include funds or tax credits from SR&ED tax incentives.
• Federal government contracts
  Include R&D contracts or R&D portion only of other contracts.
• R&D contract work for other companies
• Provincial or territorial government grants or funding
  Include R&D grants or funding or R&D portion only of other grants or funding.
• From which province or territory did this business receive provincial or territorial government R&D grants or funding?
  Select all that apply.
  • Newfoundland and Labrador
  • Prince Edward Island
  • Nova Scotia
  • New Brunswick
  • Quebec
  • Ontario
  • Manitoba
  • Saskatchewan
  • Alberta
  • British Columbia
  • Yukon
  • Northwest Territories
  • Nunavut
• Provincial or territorial government contracts
  Include R&D contracts or R&D portion only of other contracts.
• From which province or territory did this business receive provincial or territorial government R&D contracts?
  Select all that apply.
  • Newfoundland and Labrador
  • Prince Edward Island
  • Nova Scotia
  • New Brunswick
  • Quebec
  • Ontario
  • Manitoba
  • Saskatchewan
  • Alberta
  • British Columbia
  • Yukon
  • Northwest Territories
  • Nunavut
• R&D contract work for private non-profit organizations
• Other sources -e.g., universities, foreign governments, individuals

16. In 2025, what were the sources of funds for this business's total expenditures of $ [Amount] for R&D performed in-house?

Exclude:

• payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 9
• capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Funds from this business
Amount contributed by this business to R&D performed within Canada (include amounts eligible for income tax purposes, e.g., Scientific Research and Experimental Development ( SR-ED ) program, other amounts spent for projects not claimed through SR-ED, and funds for land, buildings, machinery and equipment (capital expenditures) purchased for R&D ).

Funds from parent, affiliated and subsidiary companies
Amount received from parent, affiliated and subsidiary companies used to perform R&D within Canada (include amounts eligible for income tax purposes, e.g., Scientific Research and Experimental Development ( SR-ED ) program, other amounts spent for projects not claimed through SR-ED, and funds for land, buildings, machinery and equipment (capital expenditures) purchased for R&D ).

R&D contract work for other companies
Funds received from other companies to perform R&D on their behalf.

Federal government grants or funding
Grants or funds received from the federal government in support of R&D activities not connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

Federal government contracts
Funds received from the federal government in support of R&D activities connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

Provincial or territorial government grants or funding
Grants or funds received from the provincial or territorial government in support of R&D activities not connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

Provincial or territorial government contracts
Funds received from the provincial or territorial government in support of R&D activities connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

R&D contract work for private non-profit organizations
Funds received from non-profit organizations to perform R&D on their behalf.

Other sources
Funds received from all other sources not previously classified.

Fields of R&D for in-house R&D expenditures within Canada in 2025

17. In 2025, in which field(s) of research and development did this business have R&D performed in-house within Canada?
Exclude:

• payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 9
• capital depreciation.

Select all that apply.

Natural and formal sciences: physical sciences, chemical sciences, earth and related environmental sciences, biological sciences, other natural sciences.

Engineering and technology: civil engineering, electrical engineering, electronic engineering and communications technology, mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, materials engineering, medical engineering, environmental engineering, environmental biotechnology, industrial biotechnology, nanotechnology, other engineering and technologies.

Software-related sciences and technology: software engineering and technology, computer sciences, information technology and bioinformatics.

Medical and health sciences: basic medicine, clinical medicine, health sciences, medical biotechnology, other medical sciences.

Agricultural sciences: agriculture, forestry and fisheries sciences, animal and dairy sciences, veterinary sciences, agricultural biotechnology, other agricultural sciences.

Social sciences and humanities: psychology, educational sciences, economics and business, other social sciences, humanities.

• Natural and formal sciences
  Exclude computer sciences, information sciences and bioinformatics.
• Engineering and technology
  Exclude software engineering and technology.
• Software-related sciences and technology
• Medical and health sciences
• Agricultural sciences
• Social sciences and humanities

18. In 2025, how were this business's total expenditures of $ [Amount] for R&D performed in-house within Canada distributed by field(s) of research and development?

Exclude:

• payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 9
• capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Natural and formal sciences

Mathematics: pure mathematics, applied mathematics, statistics and probability.

Physical sciences: atomic, molecular and chemical physics, interaction with radiation, magnetic resonances, condensed matter physics, solid state physics and superconductivity, particles and fields physics, nuclear physics, fluids and plasma physics (including surface physics), optics (including laser optics and quantum optics), acoustics, astronomy (including astrophysics, space science).

Chemical sciences: organic chemistry, inorganic and nuclear chemistry, physical chemistry, polymer science and plastics, electrochemistry (dry cells, batteries, fuel cells, metal corrosion, electrolysis), colloid chemistry, analytical chemistry.

Earth and related environmental sciences: geosciences, geophysics, mineralogy and palaeontology, geochemistry and geophysics, physical geography, geology and volcanology, environmental sciences, meteorology, atmospheric sciences and climatic research, oceanography, hydrology and water resources.

Biological sciences: cell biology, microbiology and virology, biochemistry, molecular biology and biochemical research, mycology, biophysics, genetics and heredity (medical genetics under medical biotechnology), reproductive biology (medical aspects under medical biotechnology), developmental biology, plant sciences and botany, zoology, ornithology, entomology and behavioural sciences biology, marine biology, freshwater biology and limnology, ecology and biodiversity conservation, biology (theoretical, thermal, cryobiology, biological rhythm), evolutionary biology.

Other natural sciences: other natural sciences.

Engineering and technology

Civil engineering: civil engineering, architecture engineering, municipal and structural engineering, transport engineering.

Electrical engineering, electronic engineering and communications technology: electrical and electronic engineering, robotics and automatic control, micro-electronics, semiconductors, automation and control systems, communication engineering and systems, telecommunications, computer hardware and architecture.

Mechanical engineering: mechanical engineering, applied mechanics, thermodynamics, aerospace engineering, nuclear-related engineering (nuclear physics under Physical sciences), acoustical engineering, reliability analysis and non-destructive testing, automotive and transportation engineering and manufacturing, tooling, machinery and equipment engineering and manufacturing, heating, ventilation and air conditioning engineering and manufacturing.

Chemical engineering: chemical engineering (plants, products), chemical process engineering.

Materials engineering: materials engineering and metallurgy, ceramics, coating and films (including packaging and printing), plastics, rubber and composites (including laminates and reinforced plastics), paper and wood and textiles, construction materials (organic and inorganic).

Medical engineering: medical and biomedical engineering, medical laboratory technology (excluding biomaterials which should be reported under Industrial biotechnology).

Environmental engineering: environmental and geological engineering, petroleum engineering (fuel, oils), energy and fuels, remote sensing, mining and mineral processing, marine engineering, sea vessels and ocean engineering.

Environmental biotechnology: environmental biotechnology, bioremediation, diagnostic biotechnologies in environmental management (DNA chips and bio-sensing devices).

Industrial biotechnology: industrial biotechnology, bioprocessing technologies, biocatalysis and fermentation bioproducts (products that are manufactured using biological material as feedstock), biomaterials (bioplastics, biofuels, bio-derived bulk and fine chemicals, bio-derived materials).

Nanotechnology: nano-materials (production and properties), nano-processes (applications on nano-scale).

Other engineering and technologies: food and beverages, oenology, other engineering and technologies.

Software-related sciences and technologies

Software engineering and technology: computer software engineering, computer software technology, and other related computer software engineering and technologies.

Computer sciences: computer science, artificial intelligence, cryptography, and other related computer sciences.

Information technology and bioinformatics: information technology, informatics, bioinformatics, biomathematics, and other related information technologies.

Medical and health sciences

Basic medicine: anatomy and morphology (plant science under Biological science), human genetics, immunology, neurosciences, pharmacology and pharmacy and medicinal chemistry, toxicology, physiology and cytology, pathology.

Clinical medicine: andrology, obstetrics and gynaecology, paediatrics, cardiac and cardiovascular systems, haematology, anaesthesiology, orthopaedics, radiology and nuclear medicine, dentistry, oral surgery and medicine, dermatology, venereal diseases and allergy, rheumatology, endocrinology and metabolism and gastroenterology, urology and nephrology, and oncology.

Health sciences: health care sciences and nursing, nutrition and dietetics, parasitology, infectious diseases and epidemiology, occupational health.

Medical biotechnology: health-related biotechnology, technologies involving the manipulation of cells, tissues, organs or the whole organism, technologies involving identifying the functioning of DNA, proteins and enzymes, pharmacogenomics, gene-based therapeutics, biomaterials (related to medical implants, devices, sensors).

Other medical sciences: forensic science, other medical sciences.

Other medical sciences: forensic science, other medical sciences.

Agricultural sciences

Agriculture, forestry and fisheries sciences: agriculture, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, soil science, horticulture, viticulture, agronomy, plant breeding and plant protection.

Animal and dairy sciences: animal and dairy science, animal husbandry.

Veterinary sciences: veterinary science (all).

Agricultural biotechnology: agricultural biotechnology and food biotechnology, genetically modified (GM) organism technology and livestock cloning, diagnostics (DNA chips and biosensing devices), biomass feedstock production technologies and biopharming.

Other agricultural sciences: other agricultural sciences.

Social sciences and humanities

Psychology: cognitive psychology and psycholinguistics, experimental psychology, psychometrics and quantitative psychology, and other fields of psychology.

Educational sciences: education, training and other related educational sciences.

Economics and business: micro-economics, macro-economics, econometrics, labour economics, financial economics, business economics, entrepreneurial and business administration, management and operations, management sciences, finance, pharmacoeconomics, and all other related fields of economics and business.

Other social sciences: anthropology (social and cultural) and ethnology, demography, geography (human, economic and social), planning (town, city and country), management, organisation and methods (excluding market research unless new methods/techniques are developed), law, linguistics, political sciences, sociology, miscellaneous social sciences and interdisciplinary, and methodological and historical science and technology activities relating to subjects in this group.

Humanities: history (history, prehistory and history, together with auxiliary historical disciplines such as archaeology, numismatics, palaeography, genealogy, etc.), languages and literature (ancient and modern), other humanities (philosophy (including the history of science and technology)), arts (history of art, art criticism, painting, sculpture, musicology, dramatic art excluding artistic "research" of any kind), religion, theology, other fields and subjects pertaining to the humanities, and methodological, historical and other science and technology activities relating to the subjects in this group.

19. Summary of 2025 total in-house R&D expenditures within Canada distributed by field(s) of research and development.

Nature of R&D for in-house R&D expenditures within Canada in 2025

20. In 2025, how were this business's total expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada of $ [Amount] distributed by nature of R&D?

Basic research is experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundation of phenomena and observable facts, without any particular application or use in view.

Applied research is original investigation undertaken in order to acquire new knowledge. It is, however, directed primarily towards a specific, practical aim or objective.

Experimental development is systematic work, drawing on knowledge gained from research and practical experience and producing additional knowledge, which is directed to producing new products or processes or to improving existing products or processes.
(OECD. Frascati Manual: Proposed Standard for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development, 2015)

Results of R&D expenditures from 2023 to 2025

21. During the three (3) years 2023, 2024 and 2025, did this business's total expenditures for R&D performed in-house and outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada or outside Canada lead to new or significant improvements to the following?

Goods
Goods developed through new knowledge from research discoveries include determination of effectiveness of existing treatment protocols, establishment of new treatment protocols (including diagnostic procedures, tests and protocols), and creation of new service delivery models and reference tools (including electronic applications).

Energy-related R&D by area of technology

22. In 2025, did this business's total in-house and outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures include energy-related R&D in the following categories?

1. Fossil fuels: crude oils and natural gas exploration, crude oils and natural gas production, oil sands and heavy crude oils surface and sub-surface production and separation of the bitumen, tailings management, refining, processing and upgrading, coal production, separation and processing, transportation of fossil fuels.
2. Renewable energy resources: solar photovoltaics (PV), solar thermal-power and high-temperature applications, solar heating and cooling, wind energy, bio-energy - biomass production, bio-energy - biomass conversion to fuels, bio-energy - biomass conversion to heat and electricity, and other bio-energy, small hydro (less than 10 MW), large hydro (greater than or equal to 10 MW), other renewable energy.
3. Nuclear: materials exploration, mining and preparation, tailings management, nuclear reactors, other fission, fusion.
4. Electric power: generation in utility sector, combined heat and power in industry and in buildings, electricity transmission, distribution and storage of electricity.
5. Hydrogen and fuel cells: hydrogen production for process applications, hydrogen production for transportation applications, hydrogen transport and storage, other hydrogen, fuel cells, both stationary and mobile.
6. Energy efficiency: industry, residential and commercial, transportation, other energy efficiency.
7. Other energy-related technologies: carbon capture, transportation and storage for fossil fuel production and processing, electric power generation, industry in end-use sector, energy systems analysis, all other energy-related technologies.

Energy-related R&D by area of technology — Fossil fuels

23. In 2025, did this business's total in-house and outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures include fossil fuels-related R&D in the following categories?

Select all that apply.

Crude oils and natural gas exploration:
Includes development of advanced exploration methods (geophysical, geochemical, seismic, magnetic) for on-shore and off-shore prospecting.

Crude oil and natural gas production (including enhanced recovery) and storage:
Includes on-shore and off-shore deep drilling equipment and techniques for conventional oil and gas, secondary and tertiary recovery of oil and gas, hydro fracturing techniques, processing and cleaning of raw product, storage on remote platforms (e.g., Arctic, off-shore), safety aspects of off-shore platforms.

Oil sands and heavy crude oils surface and sub-surface production and separation of the bitumen, tailings management:
Includes surface and in-situ production (e.g., SAGD), tailings management.

Refining, processing and upgrading:
Includes processing of natural gas to pipeline specifications, and refining of conventional crude oils to refined petroleum products (RPPs), and the upgrading of bitumen and heavy oils either to synthetic crude oil or to RPPs. Upgrading may be done at an oil sands plant, regional merchant upgraders or integrated into a refinery producing RPPs.

Coal production, separation and processing:
Includes coal, lignite and peat exploration, deposit evaluation techniques, mining techniques, separation techniques, coking and blending, other processing such as coal to liquids, underground (in-situ) gasification.

Transportation of fossil fuels:
Includes transport of gaseous, liquid and solid hydrocarbons via pipelines (land and submarine) and their network evaluation, safety aspects of LNG transport and storage.

• Crude oils and natural gas exploration
• Crude oils and natural gas production and storage

Include enhanced recovery natural gas production.

• Oil sands and heavy crude oil surface and sub-surface production and separation of bitumen, tailings management
• Refining, processing and upgrading of fossil fuels
• Coal production, separation and processing
• Transportation of fossil fuels
• None of the above

Energy-related R&D by area of technology

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for fossil fuels within this reporting unit.

24. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on crude oils and natural gas exploration?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Crude oils and natural gas exploration:

Include development of advanced exploration methods (geophysical, geochemical, seismic, magnetic) for on-shore and off-shore prospecting.

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for fossil fuels within this reporting unit.

25. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on crude oils and natural gas production and storage?

Include enhanced recovery.

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Crude oil and natural gas production (including enhanced recovery) and storage:

Include on-shore and off-shore deep drilling equipment and techniques for conventional oil and gas, secondary and tertiary recovery of oil and gas, hydro fracturing techniques, processing and cleaning of raw product, storage on remote platforms (e.g., Arctic, off-shore), safety aspects of off-shore platforms.

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for fossil fuels within this reporting unit.

26. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on oil sands and heavy crude oil surface and sub-surface production and separation of bitumen, tailings management?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Oil sands and heavy crude oils surface and sub-surface production and separation of the bitumen, tailings management:

Include surface and in-situ production (e.g., SAGD), tailings management.

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for fossil fuels within this reporting unit.

27. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on refining, processing and upgrading of fossil fuels?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Refining, processing and upgrading:

Include processing of natural gas to pipeline specifications, and refining of conventional crude oils to refined petroleum products (RPPs), and the upgrading of bitumen and heavy oils either to synthetic crude oil or to RPPs. Upgrading may be done at an oil sands plant, regional merchant upgraders or integrated into a refinery producing RPPs.

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for fossil fuels within this reporting unit.

28. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on coal production, separation and processing?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Coal production, separation and processing:

Include coal, lignite and peat exploration, deposit evaluation techniques, mining techniques, separation techniques, coking and blending, other processing such as coal to liquids, underground (in-situ) gasification.

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for fossil fuels within this reporting unit.

29. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on transportation of fossil fuels?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Transportation of fossil fuels:

Include transport of gaseous, liquid and solid hydrocarbons via pipelines (land and submarine) and their network evaluation, safety aspects of LNG transport and storage.

Energy-related R&D by area of technology — Renewable energy resources

30. In 2025, did this business's total in-house and outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures include renewable energy resources-related R&D in the following categories?

Select all that apply.

Solar photovoltaics (PV):
Include solar cell development, PV-module development, PV-inverter development, building-integrated PV-modules, PV-system development, other.

Solar thermal-power and high-temperature applications:
Include solar chemistry, concentrating collector development, solar thermal power plants, high-temperature applications for heat and power.

Solar heating and cooling:
Include daylighting, passive and active solar heating and cooling, collector development, hot water preparation, combined-space heating, solar architecture, solar drying, solar-assisted ventilation, swimming pool heating, low-temperature process heating, other.

Wind energy:
Include technology development, such as blades, turbines, converters structures, system integration, other.

Bio-energy - Biomass production/supply and transport:
Include improvement of energy crops, research on bio-energy production potential and associated land-use effects, supply and transport of bio-solids, bio-liquids, biogas and bio-derived energy products (e.g., ethanol, biodiesel), compacting and baling, other.

Bio-energy - Biomass conversion to fuels:
Include conventional bio-fuels, cellulosic-derived alcohols, biomass gas-to-liquids, other energy-related products and by-products.

Bio-energy - Biomass conversion to heat and electricity:
Include bio-based heat, electricity and combined heat and power (CHP).
Exclude multi-firing with fossil fuels.

Other bio-energy:
Include recycling and the use of municipal, industrial and agricultural waste as energy not covered elsewhere.

Small hydro - (less than 10 MW):
Include plants with capacity below 10 MW.

Large hydro - (greater than or equal to 10 MW):
Include plants with capacity of 10 MW and above.

Other renewable energy:
Include hot dry rock, hydro-thermal, geothermal heat applications (including agriculture), tidal power, wave energy, ocean current power, ocean thermal power, other.

• Solar photovoltaics (PV)
• Solar thermal-power and high-temperature applications
• Solar heating and cooling
• Wind energy
• Bio-energy - biomass production and transportation
• Bio-energy - biomass conversion to transportation fuel
• Bio-energy - biomass conversion to heat and electricity
• Other bio-energy
• Small hydro (less than 10 MW)
• Large hydro (greater than or equal to 10 MW)
• Other renewable energy
  Include ocean and geothermal.
• None of the above

Energy-related R&D by area of technology

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for renewable energy resources within this reporting unit.

31. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on solar photovoltaics (PV)?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Solar photovoltaics (PV):

Include solar cell development, PV-module development, PV-inverter development, building-integrated PV-modules, PV-system development, other.

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for renewable energy resources within this reporting unit.

32. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on solar thermal-power and high-temperature applications?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Solar thermal-power and high-temperature applications:

Include solar chemistry, concentrating collector development, solar thermal power plants, high-temperature applications for heat and power.

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for renewable energy resources within this reporting unit.

33. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on solar heating and cooling?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Solar heating and cooling:

Include daylighting, passive and active solar heating and cooling, collector development, hot water preparation, combined-space heating, solar architecture, solar drying, solar-assisted ventilation, swimming pool heating, low-temperature process heating, other.

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for renewable energy resources within this reporting unit.

34. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on wind energy?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Wind energy:

Include technology development, such as blades, turbines, converters structures, system integration, other.

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for renewable energy resources within this reporting unit.

35. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on bio-energy - biomass production and transport?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Bio-energy - Biomass production/supply and transport:

Include improvement of energy crops, research on bio-energy production potential and associated land-use effects, supply and transport of bio-solids, bio-liquids, biogas and bio-derived energy products (e.g., ethanol, biodiesel), compacting and baling, other.

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for renewable energy resources within this reporting unit.

36. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on bio-energy - biomass conversion to transportation fuel?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Bio-energy - Biomass conversion to transportation fuel:

Include conventional bio-fuels, cellulosic-derived alcohols, biomass gas-to-liquids, other energy-related products and by-products.

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for renewable energy resources within this reporting unit.

37. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on bio-energy - biomass conversion to heat and electricity?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Bio-energy - Biomass conversion to heat and electricity:

Include bio-based heat, electricity and combined heat and power (CHP).

Exclude multi-firing with fossil fuels.

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for renewable energy resources within this reporting unit.

38. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on other bio-energy?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Other bio-energy:

Include recycling and the use of municipal, industrial and agricultural waste as energy not covered elsewhere.

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for renewable energy resources within this reporting unit.

39. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on small hydro (less than 10 MW)?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Small hydro - (less than 10 MW):

Include plants with capacity below 10 MW.

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for renewable energy resources within this reporting unit.

40. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on large hydro (greater than or equal to 10 MW)?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Large hydro - (greater than or equal to 10 MW):

Include plants with capacity of 10 MW or greater.

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for renewable energy resources within this reporting unit.

41. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on other renewable energy?

Include ocean and geothermal.

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Other renewable energy:

Include hot dry rock, hydro-thermal, geothermal heat applications (including agriculture), tidal power, wave energy, ocean current power, ocean thermal power, other.

Energy-related R&D by area of technology — Nuclear fission and fusion

42. In 2025, did this business's total in-house and outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures include nuclear fission and fusion-related R&D in the following categories?

Select all that apply.

Exploration, mining and preparation, tailings management:
Include development of advanced exploration methods (geophysical, geochemical) for prospecting, ore surface and in-situ production, uranium and thorium extraction and conversion, enrichment, handling of tailings and remediation.

Nuclear reactors:
Include nuclear reactors of all types and related system components.

Other fission:
Include nuclear safety, environmental protection (emission reduction or avoidance), radiation protection and decommissioning of power plants and related nuclear fuel cycle installations, nuclear waste treatment, disposal and storage, fissile material recycling, fissile materials control, transport of radioactive materials.

Fusion:
Include all types (e.g., magnetic confinement, laser applications).

• Nuclear materials exploration, mining and preparation, tailings management
• Nuclear reactors
• Other fission
• Fusion
• None of the above

Energy-related R&D by area of technology

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for nuclear fission and fusion within this reporting unit.

43. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on nuclear materials exploration, mining and preparation, tailings management?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Exploration, mining and preparation, tailings management:

Include development of advanced exploration methods (geophysical, geochemical) for prospecting, ore surface and in-situ production, uranium and thorium extraction and conversion, enrichment, handling of tailings and remediation.

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for nuclear fission and fusion within this reporting unit.

44. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on nuclear reactors?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Nuclear reactors:

Include nuclear reactors of all types and related system components.

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for nuclear fission and fusion within this reporting unit.

45. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on other fission?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Other fission:

Include nuclear safety, environmental protection (emission reduction or avoidance), radiation protection and decommissioning of power plants and related nuclear fuel cycle installations, nuclear waste treatment, disposal and storage, fissile material recycling, fissile materials control, transport of radioactive materials.

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for nuclear fission and fusion within this reporting unit.

46. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on fusion?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Fusion:

Include all types (e.g., magnetic confinement, laser applications).

Energy-related R&D by area of technology — Electric power

47. In 2025, did this business's total in-house and outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures include electric power-related R&D in the following categories?

Select all that apply.

Electric power generation in utility sector:
Include conventional and non-conventional technology (e.g., pulverised coal, fluidised bed, gasification-combined cycle, supercritical), re-powering, retrofitting, life extensions and upgrading of power plants, generators and components, super-conductivity, magneto hydrodynamic, dry cooling towers, co-firing (e.g., with biomass), air and thermal pollution reduction or avoidance, flue gas cleanup (excluding CO2 removal), CHP (combined heat and power) not covered elsewhere.

Electric power - combined heat and power in industry, buildings:
Include industrial applications, small scale applications for buildings.

Electricity transmission, distribution and storage:
Include solid state power electronics, load management and control systems, network problems, super-conducting cables, AC and DC high voltage cables, HVDC transmission, other transmission and distribution related to integrating distributed and intermittent generating sources into networks, all storage (e.g., batteries, hydro reservoirs, fly wheels), other.

• Electric power generation in utility sector
• Electric power - combined heat and power in industry, buildings
• Electricity transmission, distribution and storage
• None of the above

Energy-related R&D by area of technology

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for electric power within this reporting unit.

48. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on electric power generation in utility sector?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Electric power generation in utility sector:

Include conventional and non-conventional technology (e.g., pulverised coal, fluidised bed, gasification-combined cycle, supercritical), re-powering, retrofitting, life extensions and upgrading of power plants, generators and components, super-conductivity, magneto hydrodynamic, dry cooling towers, co-firing (e.g., with biomass), air and thermal pollution reduction or avoidance, flue gas cleanup (excluding CO2 removal), CHP (combined heat and power) not covered elsewhere.

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for electric power within this reporting unit.

49. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on electric power - combined heat and power in industry, buildings?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Electric power - combined heat and power in industry, buildings:

Include industrial applications, small scale applications for buildings.

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for electric power within this reporting unit.

50. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on electricity transmission, distribution and storage?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Electricity transmission, distribution and storage:

Include solid state power electronics, load management and control systems, network problems, super-conducting cables, AC and DC high voltage cables, HVDC transmission, other transmission and distribution related to integrating distributed and intermittent generating sources into networks, all storage (e.g., batteries, hydro reservoirs, fly wheels), other.

Energy-related R&D by area of technology — Hydrogen and fuel cells

51. In 2025, did this business's total in-house and outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures include hydrogen and fuel cells-related R&D in the following categories?

Select all that apply.

Other hydrogen:
Include end uses (e.g., combustion), other infrastructure and systems R&D (refuelling stations).

Stationary fuel cells:
Include electricity generation, other stationary end-use.

Mobile fuel cells:
Include portable applications.

• Hydrogen production for process applications
• Hydrogen production for transportation applications
• Hydrogen transport and storage
• Other hydrogen
• Stationary fuel cells
• Mobile fuel cells
• None of the above

Energy-related R&D by area of technology

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for hydrogen and fuel cells within this reporting unit.

52. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on hydrogen production for process applications?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for hydrogen and fuel cells within this reporting unit.

53. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on hydrogen production for transportation applications?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for hydrogen and fuel cells within this reporting unit.

54. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on hydrogen transport and storage?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for hydrogen and fuel cells within this reporting unit.

55. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on other hydrogen?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Other hydrogen:

Include end uses (e.g., combustion), other infrastructure and systems R&D (refuelling stations).

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for hydrogen and fuel cells within this reporting unit.

56. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on stationary fuel cells?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Stationary fuel cells:

Include electricity generation, other stationary end-use.

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for hydrogen and fuel cells within this reporting unit.

57. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on mobile fuel cells?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Mobile fuel cells:

Include portable applications.

Energy-related R&D by area of technology — Energy efficiency

58. In 2025, did this business's total in-house and outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures include energy efficiency-related R&D in the following categories?

Select all that apply.

Energy efficiency for industry:
Include reduction of energy consumption through improved use of energy and/or reduction or avoidance of air and other emissions related to the use of energy in industrial systems and processes (excluding bio-energy-related) through the development of new techniques, new processes and new equipment, other.

Energy efficiency for residential, institutional and commercial:
Include space heating and cooling, ventilation and lighting control systems other than solar technologies, low energy housing design and performance other than solar technologies, new insulation and building materials, thermal performance of buildings, domestic appliances, other.

Energy efficiency for transportation:
Include analysis and optimisation of energy consumption in the transport sector, efficiency improvements in light-duty vehicles, heavy-duty vehicles, non-road vehicles, public transport systems, engine-fuel optimisation, use of alternative fuels (liquid and gaseous, other than hydrogen), fuel additives, diesel engines, Stirling motors, electric cars, hybrid cars, air emission reduction, other.

Other energy efficiency:
Include waste heat utilisation (heat maps, process integration, total energy systems, low temperature thermodynamic cycles), district heating, heat pump development, reduction of energy consumption in the agricultural sector.

• Energy efficiency applications for industry
• Energy efficiency for residential, institutional and commercial sectors
• Energy efficiency for transportation
• Other energy efficiency
• None of the above

Energy-related R&D by area of technology

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for energy efficiency within this reporting unit.

59. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on energy efficiency applications for industry?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Energy efficiency for industry:

Include reduction of energy consumption through improved use of energy and/or reduction or avoidance of air and other emissions related to the use of energy in industrial systems and processes (excluding bio-energy-related) through the development of new techniques, new processes and new equipment, other.

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for energy efficiency within this reporting unit.

60. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on energy efficiency for residential, institutional and commercial sectors?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Energy efficiency for residential, institutional and commercial:

Include space heating and cooling, ventilation and lighting control systems other than solar technologies, low energy housing design and performance other than solar technologies, new insulation and building materials, thermal performance of buildings, domestic appliances, other.

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for energy efficiency within this reporting unit.

61. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on energy efficiency for transportation?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Energy efficiency for transportation:

Include analysis and optimisation of energy consumption in the transport sector, efficiency improvements in light-duty vehicles, heavy-duty vehicles, non-road vehicles, public transport systems, engine-fuel optimisation, use of alternative fuels (liquid and gaseous, other than hydrogen), fuel additives, diesel engines, Stirling motors, electric cars, hybrid cars, air emission reduction, other.

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for energy efficiency within this reporting unit.

62. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on other energy efficiency?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Other energy efficiency:

Include waste heat utilisation (heat maps, process integration, total energy systems, low temperature thermodynamic cycles), district heating, heat pump development, reduction of energy consumption in the agricultural sector.

Energy-related R&D by area of technology — Other energy-related technologies

63. In 2025, did this business's total in-house and outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures include other energy-related R&D in the following categories?

Select all that apply.

Carbon capture end-use:
Include industry in the end-use sector, such as steel production, manufacturing, etc. (exclude fossil fuel production and processing and electric power production).

Energy system analysis:
Include system analysis related to energy R&D not covered elsewhere, sociological, economical and environmental impact of energy which are not specifically related to one technology area listed in the sections above.

All other energy technologies:
Include energy technology information dissemination, studies not related to a specific technology area listed above.

• Carbon capture, transport and storage related to fossil fuel production and processing
• Carbon capture, transport and storage related to electric power production
• Carbon capture, transport and storage related to industry in end-use sector
• Energy system analysis
• All other energy-related technologies
• None of the above

Energy-related R&D by area of technology

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for other energy-related technologies within this reporting unit.

64. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on carbon capture, transport and storage related to fossil fuel production and processing?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for other energy-related technologies within this reporting unit.

65. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on carbon capture, transport and storage related to electric power production?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for other energy-related technologies within this reporting unit.

66. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on carbon capture, transport and storage related to industry in end-use sector?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Carbon capture end-use:

Include industry in the end-use sector, such as steel production, manufacturing, etc. (exclude fossil fuel production and processing and electric power production).

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for other energy-related technologies within this reporting unit.

67. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on energy system analysis?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Energy system analysis:

Include system analysis related to energy R&D not covered elsewhere, sociological, economical and environmental impact of energy which are not specifically related to one technology area listed in the sections above.

Report all 2025 R&D expenditures for other energy-related technologies within this reporting unit.

68. In 2025, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on other energy-related technologies?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Other energy-related technologies:

Include energy technology information dissemination, studies not related to a specific technology area listed above.

69. Summary of total 2025 energy-related and total R&D expenditures

In-house R&D personnel in 2025

70. In 2025, how many in-house R&D personnel within Canada did this business have in the following R&D occupations?

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

R&D may be carried out by persons who work solely on R&D projects or by persons who devote only part of their time to R&D and the balance to other activities such as testing, quality control and production engineering. To arrive at the total effort devoted to R&D in terms of personnel, it is necessary to estimate the full-time equivalent of these persons working only part-time in R&D.

Full-time equivalent (FTE) = Number of persons who work solely on R&D projects + the time of persons working only part of their time on R&D.

Example calculation: If out of four scientists engaged in R&D work, one works solely on R&D projects and the remaining three devote only one quarter of their working time to R&D, then: FTE = 1 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 = 1.75 scientists.

R&D personnel

Include:

• permanent, temporary and casual R&D employees
• independent on-site R&D consultants and contractors working in your business's offices, laboratories, or other facilities
• employees engaged in R&D -related support activities.

Researchers and research managers are composed of:

• Scientists, social scientists, engineers and researchers are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge. They conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models, techniques instrumentation, software or operational methods. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.
• Senior research managers plan or manage R&D projects and programs. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.

R&D technical, administrative and support staff are composed of:

• Technicians and technologists and research assistants are persons whose main tasks require technical knowledge and experience in one or more fields of engineering, the physical and life sciences, or the social sciences, humanities and the arts. They participate in R&D by performing scientific and technical tasks involving the application of concepts, operational methods and the use of research equipment, normally under the supervision of researchers. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.
• Other R&D technical, administrative support staff include skilled and unskilled craftsmen, and administrative, secretarial and clerical staff participating in R&D projects or directly associated with such projects.

On-site R&D consultants and contractors are individuals hired 1) to perform project-based work or to provide goods at a fixed or ascertained price or within a certain time or 2) to provide advice or services in a specialized field for a fee and, in both cases, work at the location specified and controlled by the contracting company or organization.

71. Of this business's total in-house R&D personnel reported above, what percentage performed software-related activities?

Software-related sciences and technologies

• Software engineering and technology: computer software engineering, computer software technology and other related computer software engineering and technologies.
• Computer sciences: computer science, artificial intelligence, cryptography and other related computer sciences.
• Information technology and bioinformatics: information technology, informatics, bioinformatics, biomathematics and other related information technologies.

Percentage of software-related activities

72. In 2025, how were the [Amount] total in-house R&D personnel distributed by province or territory?

Please report in full time equivalents (FTE).

R&D personnel

Include:

• permanent, temporary and casual R&D employees
• independent on-site R&D consultants and contractors working in your business's offices, laboratories, or other facilities
• employees engaged in R&D -related support activities.

Researchers and research managers are composed of:

• Scientists, social scientists, engineers and researchers are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge. They conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models, techniques instrumentation, software or operational methods. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.
• Senior research managers plan or manage R&D projects and programs. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.

R&D technical, administrative and support staff are composed of:

• Technicians and technologists and research assistants are persons whose main tasks require technical knowledge and experience in one or more fields of engineering, the physical and life sciences, or the social sciences, humanities and the arts. They participate in R&D by performing scientific and technical tasks involving the application of concepts, operational methods and the use of research equipment, normally under the supervision of researchers. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.
• Other R&D technical, administrative support staff include skilled and unskilled craftsmen, and administrative, secretarial and clerical staff participating in R&D projects or directly associated with such projects.

On-site R&D consultants and contractors are individuals hired 1) to perform project-based work or to provide goods at a fixed or ascertained price or within a certain time or 2) to provide advice or services in a specialized field for a fee and, in both cases, work at the location specified and controlled by the contracting company or organization.

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

R&D may be carried out by persons who work solely on R&D projects or by persons who devote only part of their time to R&D, and the balance to other activities such as testing, quality control and production engineering. To arrive at the total effort devoted to R&D in terms of personnel, it is necessary to estimate the full-time equivalent of these persons working only part-time in R&D.

Full-time equivalent (FTE): Number of persons who work solely on R&D projects + the time of persons working only part of their time on R&D.

Example calculation: If out of four scientists engaged in R&D work, one works solely on R&D projects and the remaining three devote only one quarter of their working time to R&D, then: FTE = 1 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 = 1.75 scientists.

Technology and technical assistance payments in 2025

73. In 2025, did this business make or receive payments inside or outside Canada for the following technology and technical assistance?

Technology and technical assistance payments

Definitions (equivalent to the Canadian Intellectual Property Office - opens in a new browser window)

1. Patent
   Government grant giving the right to exclude others from making, using or selling an invention.
2. Copyright
   Legal protection for literary, artistic, dramatic or musical works, computer programs, performer's performances, sound recordings, and communication signals.
3. Trademark
   A word, symbol or design, or combination of these, used to distinguish goods or services of one person or organization from those of others in the marketplace.
4. Industrial design
   Legal protection against imitation of the shape, pattern, or ornamentation of an object.
5. Integrated circuit topography
   Three-dimensional configurations of the elements and interconnections embodied in an integrated circuit product.
6. Original software
   Computer programs and descriptive materials for both systems and applications. Original software can be created in-house or outsourced and includes packaged software with customization.
7. Packaged or off-the-shelf software
   Packaged software purchased for organizational use and excludes software with customization.
8. Databases
   Data files organized to permit effective access and use of the data including access clinical trial registries and administrative health data for research purposes. Includes partnerships supporting the development of databases, such as patient or clinical trial registries or biobanks, to be used for research purposes (e.g., developing a national bladder cancer patient registry with Bladder Cancer Canada for future research).
9. Other technology and technical assistance
   Technical assistance, industrial processes and know-how including technology transfer and know how such as batch pilot production, method develop, and validation related to technology or manufacturing transfer.

74. In 2025, how much did this business pay to other organizations for technology and technical assistance?

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '1' for payments made between $1 and $999.

Technology and technical assistance payments

Definitions (equivalent to the Canadian Intellectual Property Office - opens in a new browser window)

1. Patent
   Government grant giving the right to exclude others from making, using or selling an invention.
2. Copyright
   Legal protection for literary, artistic, dramatic or musical works, computer programs, performer's performances, sound recordings, and communication signals.
3. Trademark
   A word, symbol or design, or combination of these, used to distinguish goods or services of one person or organization from those of others in the marketplace.
4. Industrial design
   Legal protection against imitation of the shape, pattern, or ornamentation of an object.
5. Integrated circuit topography
   Three-dimensional configurations of the elements and interconnections embodied in an integrated circuit product.
6. Original software
   Computer programs and descriptive materials for both systems and applications. Original software can be created in-house or outsourced and includes packaged software with customization.
7. Packaged or off-the-shelf software
   Packaged software purchased for organizational use and excludes software with customization.
8. Databases
   Data files organized to permit effective access and use of the data including access clinical trial registries and administrative health data for research purposes. Includes partnerships supporting the development of databases, such as patient or clinical trial registries or biobanks, to be used for research purposes (e.g., developing a national bladder cancer patient registry with Bladder Cancer Canada for future research).
9. Other
   Technical assistance, industrial processes and know-how including technology transfer and know how such as batch pilot production, method develop, and validation related to technology or manufacturing transfer.

75. In 2025, how much did this business receive from other organizations for technology and technical assistance?

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '1' for payments received between $1 and $999.

Technology and technical assistance payments

Definitions (equivalent to the Canadian Intellectual Property Office - opens in a new browser window)

1. Patent
   Government grant giving the right to exclude others from making, using or selling an invention.
2. Copyright
   Legal protection for literary, artistic, dramatic or musical works, computer programs, performer's performances, sound recordings, and communication signals.
3. Trademark
   A word, symbol or design, or combination of these, used to distinguish goods or services of one person or organization from those of others in the marketplace.
4. Industrial design
   Legal protection against imitation of the shape, pattern, or ornamentation of an object.
5. Integrated circuit topography
   Three-dimensional configurations of the elements and interconnections embodied in an integrated circuit product.
6. Original software
   Computer programs and descriptive materials for both systems and applications. Original software can be created in-house or outsourced and includes packaged software with customization.
7. Packaged or off-the-shelf software
   Packaged software purchased for organizational use and excludes software with customization.
8. Databases
   Data files organized to permit effective access and use of the data including access clinical trial registries and administrative health data for research purposes. Includes partnerships supporting the development of databases, such as patient or clinical trial registries or biobanks, to be used for research purposes (e.g., developing a national bladder cancer patient registry with Bladder Cancer Canada for future research).
9. Other
   Technical assistance, industrial processes and know-how including technology transfer and know how such as batch pilot production, method develop, and validation related to technology or manufacturing transfer.

Environmental and clean technology R&D expenditures in 2025

76. In 2025, what percentage of this business's total expenditures of $ [Amount] for R&D performed in-house within Canada was related to research and development of environmental and clean technologies?

Environmental and clean technology is defined as any process, product, or service that reduces environmental impacts: through environmental protection activities that prevent, reduce or eliminate pollution or any other degradation of the environment, resource management activities that result in the more efficient use of natural resources, thus safeguarding against their depletion; or the use of goods that have been adapted to be significantly less energy- or resource-intensive than the industry standard.

Report '0' for no environmental and clean technology R&D expenditures.

If precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimate.

Percentage of environmental and clean technology R&D

77. In 2025, in which of the following categories of environmental and clean technology did this business perform R&D activities?

Select all that apply.

Air pollution management: Activities aimed at reducing the emissions of pollutants (including greenhouse gases) to the atmosphere. Include pollution abatement and control (e.g., end-of-pipe processes) and pollution prevention (e.g., integrated processes), as well as related measurement, control, laboratories and the like.

Solid waste management: Activities related to the collection, treatment, storage, disposal, and recycling of all domestic, industrial, non-hazardous and hazardous waste (including low-level radioactive waste). Include monitoring activities. Exclude radioactive waste and mine tailings handling and treatment (to be reported under Protection against radiation and Wastewater management, respectively).

Wastewater management: Activities aimed at pollution reduction or prevention through the abatement of pollutants or the reduction of the release of wastewater. Include measures aimed at reducing pollutants before discharge, reducing the release of wastewater, septic tanks, treatment of cooling water, handling and treatment of mine tailings, etc.

Protection and remediation of soil, groundwater and surface water: Activities aimed at the prevention of pollution infiltration: remediation or cleaning up of soils and water bodies; protection of soil from erosion, salinization and physical degradation; monitoring, control, laboratories and the like. Exclude management of wastewater released to surface waters, municipal sewer systems or soil, or injected underground (to be reported under Wastewater management) and protection of biodiversity and habitat (to be reported under Protection of biodiversity and habitat).

Protection of biodiversity and habitat: Activities related to protecting wildlife and habitat from the effects of economic activity, and to restoring wildlife or habitat that has been adversely affected by such activity. Include related environmental measurements, monitoring, control, laboratories and the like.

Noise and vibration abatement: Activities aimed at controlling or reducing industrial and transport noise and vibration for the sole purpose of protecting the environment. Include preventive in-process modifications at the source, construction of anti-noise/vibration facilities, measurement, control, laboratories and the like.

Protection against radiation: Activities aimed at preventing, reducing, or eliminating the negative consequences of radiation on the environment. This includes all handling, transportation, and treatment of radioactive waste (i.e. waste that requires shielding during normal handling and transportation due to high radionuclide content), the protection of ambient media, measurement, control, laboratories and the like, as well as any other activities related to the containment of radioactive waste. Exclude activities and measures related to low-level radioactive waste (to be reported under Solid waste management), the prevention of technological hazards (e.g., external safety of nuclear power plants), and measures taken to protect workers.

Heat or energy savings and management: Activities aimed at reducing the intake of energy through in-process modifications (such as adjustment of production processes or heat and electricity co-generation), as well as reducing heat and energy losses. This includes insulation activities, energy recovery, measurement, control, laboratories and the like.

Renewable energy: Energy obtained from resources that naturally replenish or renew within a human lifespan (i.e. the resource is a sustainable source of energy). This includes wind, solar, aero-thermal, geothermal, hydrothermal and ocean energy, hydropower, biomass, landfill gas, sewage treatment plant gas and biogases.

• Air pollution management
  e.g., greenhouse gas control technologies or management services, physical or chemical treatment technologies, air pollution modeling and mapping services
• Solid waste management
  e.g., collection of waste, recycling and organics, compaction-related technologies, landfill leachate collection and containment technologies
• Wastewater management
  e.g., physical or chemical treatments of industrial wastewater, mine tailing handling and treatment, biological treatments of sewage
• Protection and remediation of soil, groundwater and surface water
  e.g., in situ and ex situ biological, physical, chemical, thermal treatments, containment
• Protection of biodiversity and habitat
• Noise and vibration abatement
  Exclude R&D related to workers' health and safety.
• Protection against radiation
  Exclude R&D related to workers' health and safety.
• Heat and energy savings and management
  e.g., efficient equipment (advance insulation, high efficiency pumps or burners (Energy Star certified), etc.), energy storage technologies (flywheels, fuel cells, etc.), lighting upgrades, smart grid services and associated technologies
• Fuel efficient vehicles and transportation goods or technologies
  e.g., electric and hybrid vehicles, vehicles using alternative fuels, alternative fuel retrofits on existing vehicles, low-rolling resistance tires
• Production of energy from renewable sources
  e.g., equipment, services, and technologies used to produce electricity or heat from renewable sources
• Production of nuclear energy
  e.g., equipment, services, and technologies used to produce electricity or heat from nuclear energy
  Exclude the R&D on feedstock used to produce energy (such as uranium).
• Other environmental protection or resource management activities
  Specify the other environmental protection or resource management activities

Notification of intent to extract web data

79. Does this business have a website?

• Yes
  • Specify the business website address 1
  • e.g., www.example.gc.ca
  • Specify the business website address 2
  • e.g., www.example.gc.ca
  • Specify the business website address 3
  • e.g., www.example.gc.ca
• No

Notification of intent to extract web data

Statistics Canada engages in web-data extraction, also known as web scraping, which is a process by which information is gathered and copied from the Web using automated scripts or robots, for retrieval and analysis. As a result, we may visit the website for this business to search for and compile additional information. The use of web scraping is part of a broader effort to reduce the response burden on businesses, as well as produce additional statistical indicators to ensure that our data remain accurate and relevant.
We will strive to ensure that the data collection does not interfere with the functionality of the website. Any data collected will be used by Statistics Canada for statistical and research purposes only, in accordance with the agency's privacy and confidentiality mandate. All information collected by Statistics Canada is strictly protected.

More information regarding Statistics Canada's web scraping initiative.

Learn more about Statistics Canada's transparency and accountability.

If you have any questions or concerns, please contact Statistics Canada Client Services, toll-free at 1-877-949-9492 (TTY: 1-800-363-7629) or by email at infostats@statcan.gc.ca- this link will open in a new window. Additional information about this survey can be found by selecting the following link: Information for survey participants (ISP).

Changes or events

80. Indicate any changes or events that affected the reported values for this business, compared with the last reporting period.

Select all that apply.

• Outsourcing of R&D project(s)
• Initiation of new R&D project(s)
• Completion of existing R&D project(s)
• Major change in funding of R&D project(s) (loss of funding)
• Major change in funding of R&D project(s) (increase in funding)
• Organizational change that affected R&D activities (expansion, reduction, restructuring)
• Economic change that affected R&D activities
• Lack of availability of qualified R&D personnel
• Other
  Specify the other changes or events:
• No changes or events

Contact person

81. Statistics Canada may need to contact the person who completed this questionnaire for further information.

Is the provided given names and the provided family name the best person to contact?

• Yes
• No

Who is the best person to contact about this questionnaire?

• First name:
• Last name:
• Title:
• Email address:
• Telephone number (including area code):
• Extension number (if applicable):
  The maximum number of characters is 5.
• Fax number (including area code):

Feedback

82. How long did it take to complete this questionnaire?

Include the time spent gathering the necessary information.

• Hours:
• Minutes:

83. Do you have any comments about this questionnaire?

Why are we conducting this survey?

This survey collects information on scientific activities of Canadian businesses and industrial non-profit organizations. The research and development expenditures and personnel information is used by federal, provincial and territorial governments and agencies, academics, trade associations and international organizations for statistical analyses and policy purposes. These data also contribute to national totals of research and development activities. The payments and receipts information is used by these agencies to monitor knowledge flows across international borders and between Canadian businesses.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Your participation in this survey is required under the authority of the Statistics Act.

Other important information

Authorization to collect this information
Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

Confidentiality

By law, Statistics Canada is prohibited from releasing any information it collects that could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent, or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes only.

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the reporting burden, Statistics Canada may combine the acquired data with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Data-sharing agreements

To reduce the response burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data-sharing agreements with provincial and territorial statistical agencies and other government organizations, which have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes. Statistics Canada will only share data from this survey with those organizations that have demonstrated a requirement to use the data.

Provincial and territorial statistical agencies

Section 11 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with provincial and territorial statistical agencies that meet certain conditions. These agencies must have the legislative authority to collect the same information, on a mandatory basis, and the legislation must provide substantially the same provisions for confidentiality and penalties for disclosure of confidential information as the Statistics Act. Because these agencies have the legal authority to compel businesses to provide the same information, consent is not requested and businesses may not object to the sharing of the data.

For this survey, there are Section 11 agreements with the provincial and territorial statistical agencies of Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia and the Yukon. The shared data will be limited to information on in-house research and development expenditures (Question 14) and in-house research and development personnel (Question 72) pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Section 12 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with federal, provincial or territorial government organizations. Under Section 12, you may refuse to share your information with any of these organizations by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician, specifying the organizations with which you do not want Statistics Canada to share your data and mailing it to the following address:

Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of Director, Enterprise Statistics Division
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0T6

You may also contact us by email at infostats- this link will open in a new window or by fax at 1-514-496-4879.

Other data-sharing agreement

For this survey, there are Section 12 agreements with the statistical agencies of Prince Edward Island, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut. The shared data will be limited to information on in-house research and development expenditures (Question 14) and in-house research and development personnel (Question 72) pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada

For this survey, Statistics Canada will share survey data with Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada. The shared data will be limited to information on research and development expenditures (Questions 4 to 21), in-house research and development personnel (Questions 70 to 72) and environmental and clean technology R&D expenditures (Questions 76 and 77).

Natural Resources Canada

For respondents with expenditures on energy-related research and development in technology (fossil fuels, renewable energy resources, nuclear fission and fusion, electric power, hydrogen and fuel cells, energy efficiency, other energy-related technologies), Statistics Canada will also share survey data with the Office of Energy Research and Development (OERD) of Natural Resources Canada. The shared data will be limited to information on Energy Research and Development Expenditures by Area of Technology (Questions 22 to 69) and Environmental and clean technology R&D expenditures (Questions 76 and 77).

Department of Finance Canada

For this survey, Statistics Canada will share survey data with the Department of Finance Canada. The shared data will be limited to information on environmental protection expenditures (Questions 76 and 77).

Housing, Infrastructure and Communities Canada

For this survey, Statistics Canada will share survey data with the Housing, Infrastructure and Communities Canada. The shared data will be limited to information on environmental protection expenditures (Questions 76 and 77).

Business or organization and contact information

1. Verify or provide the business or organization's legal and operating name and correct where needed.

Note: Legal name modifications should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

Legal Name

The legal name is one recognized by law, thus it is the name liable for pursuit or for debts incurred by the business or organization. In the case of a corporation, it is the legal name as fixed by its charter or the statute by which the corporation was created.

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo

To indicate a legal name of another legal entity you should instead indicate it in question 3 by selecting 'Not currently operational' and then choosing the applicable reason and providing the legal name of this other entity along with any other requested information.

Operating Name

The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

• Legal name
• Operating name (if applicable)

2. Verify or provide the contact information of the designated business or organization contact person for this questionnaire and correct where needed.

Note: The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire.

• First name
• Last name
• Title
• Preferred language of communication
  • English
  • French
• Mailing address (number and street)
• City
• Province, territory or state
• Postal code or ZIP code
• Country
  • Canada
  • United States
• Email address
• Telephone number (including area code)
• Extension number (if applicable)
  The maximum number of characters is 10.
• Fax number (including area code)

3. Verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

• Operational
• Not currently operational
  Why is this business or organization not currently operational?
  • Seasonal operations
    • When did this business or organization close for the season?
      • Date
    • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
      • Date
  • Ceased operations
    • When did this business or organization cease operations?
      • Date
    • Why did this business or organization cease operations?
      • Bankruptcy
      • Liquidation
      • Dissolution
      • Other - Specify the other reasons for ceased operations
  • Sold operations
    • When was this business or organization sold?
      • Date
    • What is the legal name of the buyer?
  • Amalgamated with other businesses or organizations
    • When did this business or organization amalgamate?
      • Date
    • What is the legal name of the resulting or continuing business or organization?
    • What are the legal names of the other amalgamated businesses or organizations?
  • Temporarily inactive but will re-open
    • When did this business or organization become temporarily inactive?
      • Date
    • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
      • Date
    • Why is this business or organization temporarily inactive?
  • No longer operating due to other reasons
    • When did this business or organization cease operations?
      • Date
    • Why did this business or organization cease operations?

4. Verify or provide the current main activity of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

Note: The described activity was assigned using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

This question verifies the business or organization's current main activity as classified by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. Created against the background of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is designed to provide common definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three economies. NAICS is based on supply-side or production-oriented principles, to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS, are suitable for the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.

The target entity for which NAICS is designed are businesses and other organizations engaged in the production of goods and services. They include farms, incorporated and unincorporated businesses and government business enterprises. They also include government institutions and agencies engaged in the production of marketed and non-marketed services, as well as organizations such as professional associations and unions and charitable or non-profit organizations and the employees of households.
The associated NAICS should reflect those activities conducted by the business or organizational units targeted by this questionnaire only, as identified in the 'Answering this questionnaire' section and which can be identified by the specified legal and operating name. The main activity is the activity which most defines the targeted business or organization's main purpose or reason for existence. For a business or organization that is for-profit, it is normally the activity that generates the majority of the revenue for the entity.

The NAICS classification contains a limited number of activity classifications; the associated classification might be applicable for this business or organization even if it is not exactly how you would describe this business or organization's main activity.
Please note that any modifications to the main activity through your response to this question might not necessarily be reflected prior to the transmitting of subsequent questionnaires and as a result they may not contain this updated information.
The following is the detailed description including any applicable examples or exclusions for the classification currently associated with this business or organization.
Description and examples

• This is the current main activity
  • Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's main activity
  • e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development
• This is not the current main activity

Main activity

5. You indicated that is not the current main activity.

Was this business or organization's main activity ever classified as:?

• Yes
  • When did the main activity change?
    Date
• No

6. Search and select the industry classification code that best corresponds to this business or organization's main activity.
How to search:

• if desired, you can filter the search results by first selecting this business or organization's activity sector
• enter keywords or a brief description that best describes this business or organization main activity
• press the Search button to search the database for an activity that best matches the keywords or description you provided
• then select an activity from the list.

Select this business or organization's activity sector (optional)

• Farming or logging operation
• Construction company or general contractor
• Manufacturer
• Wholesaler
• Retailer
• Provider of passenger or freight transportation
• Provider of investment, savings or insurance products
• Real estate agency, real estate brokerage or leasing company
• Provider of professional, scientific or technical services
• Provider of health care or social services
• Restaurant, bar, hotel, motel or other lodging establishment
• Other sector

Enter keywords or a brief description, then press the Search button

Additional reporting instructions

1. Throughout this questionnaire, please report financial information in thousands of Canadian dollars.

For example, an amount of $763,880.25 should be reported as: 764, CAN$ '000

I will report in the format above

Reporting period

1. What is the end date of this organization's fiscal year?

Note: For this survey, this organization's fiscal year end date should fall on or before March 31, 2026.

Here are some examples of fiscal periods that fall within the targeted dates:

• May 1, 2024 to April 30, 2025
• July 1, 2024 to June 30, 2025
• October 1, 2024 to September 30, 2025
• January 1, 2025 to December 31, 2025
• February 1, 2025 to January 31, 2026
• April 1, 2025 to March 31, 2026

Fiscal Year-End date

This fiscal year will be referred to as 2025 throughout the questionnaire

Organization status

2. What is this organization's GST number (9-digit business number)?
GST number (9-digit business number)