This document details the way Statistics Canada calculates trend-cycle estimates. It is intended as a technical document to support users who wish to apply trend-cycle estimation to monthly series available on CANSIM. General formulas outlining the mathematical calculations are presented below, and the derivation and application of the moving average weights are provided. For more information on the use of trend-cycle estimates in analysis, please refer to "Trend-cycle estimates: Frequently asked questions" (Statistics Canada 2015).

The trend-cycle estimation method used at Statistics Canada applies moving averages and does not remove seasonal patterns. This procedure is intended for monthly series with at least 13 data points that do not exhibit seasonal patterns (either because no seasonality exists, or because it has been removed by seasonal adjustment).

1.0 The general formula

For each month t, the following formula is applied to estimate the trend-cycle, denoted as $T{C}_t$:

Formula 1

$$T{C}_t=\frac{{\sum }_{j=t-6}^{t+6}{I}_j{W}_j^{\left(t\right)}{Y}_j}{{\sum }_{k=t-6}^{t+6}{I}_k{W}_k^{\left(t\right)}}\text{, (1)}$$

where $Y_j$ is the value of the input series for month $j$, available for $j=1,\dots ,T$. If the value of the input series for month $j$ is available, $I_j$ is an indicator equal to 1. Otherwise, it is equal to 0. Applying this formula near the beginning or end of a series leads to undefined terms (e.g. $Y_0$ ), discussed in Section 1.1. The quantities shown as $W_j^{\left(t\right)}$ represent the moving average weights applied to month $j$ for the calculation of the trend-cycle for month t. This is referred to as the cascade linear filter, as derived by Dagum and Luati (2009) and presented in Table 1.

Table 1  Full-precision moving average weights for calculating the trend-cycle for month t

Months	Weights
t-6 and t+6	-0.027
t-5 and t+5	-0.007
t-4 and t+4	0.031
t-3 and t+3	0.067
t-2 and t+2	0.136
t-1 and t+1	0.188
t	0.224

Applying formula (1) for each month $t=1,\dots ,T$ yields the trend-cycle series.

1.1 Applying the general formula

The weights presented in Table 1 were developed by combining several filters that are each optimal for specific purposes. The combined results provide robust trend-cycle estimates with good statistical properties. For more information, see Dagum and Luati (2009).

By design, aggregating the weights in Table 1 for all months from (t-6) to (t+6) gives an exact total of 1. This is necessary so that the level of the trend-cycle series is the same on average as the level of the input series. Note that when we derive the trend-cycle estimates for the first six and the last six months of the input series, formula (1) includes terms that are not defined, such as Y₀. However, these terms can be assumed to be 0 since they disappear when multiplied by the corresponding indicator coefficient, I₀, which equals 0 by definition. In these cases, the denominator in formula (1) represents an adjustment to the moving average weights. Referred to as the cut-and-normalize approach, this ensures that the moving average weights used to estimate the trend-cycle for each month add up to 1. In the cut-and-normalize approach, the weights of the months for which data are unavailable are redistributed proportionally to the months for which data are available. For all other months, the denominator in formula (1) is equal to 1, and the formula is reduced to a simple symmetric moving average with the weights specified in Table 1.

1.2 Alternate expression

In formula (1), a cut-and-normalize approach is used to derive the moving average weights for the first and last six months of the input series. In effect, the cut-and-normalize approach to estimating the trend-cycle employs modified moving average weights to calculate the trend-cycle of the first six months of the series and the final six months. For example, when the trend-cycle estimate for the final month of a series is calculated, the values of the six subsequent months are not yet known. The cut-and-normalize approach proportionally rescales the weights for the months that are available so that their sum is 1. An equivalent expression to formula (1) is given in formula (2), which is based on the rescaled moving average weights, ${\tilde{W}}_j^{\left(t\right)}$, given in formula (3).

Formula 2

$$T{C}_t={\sum }_{j=t-6}^{t+6}{I}_j{\tilde{W}}_j^{\left(t\right)}{Y}_j\text{, (2)}$$

Formula 3

$$\text{where}{\tilde{W}}_j^{\left(t\right)}=\frac{W_j^{\left(t\right)}}{{\sum }_{k=t-6}^{t+6}{I}_k{W}_k^{\left(t\right)}}\text{. (3)}$$

2.0 Illustration

To illustrate how to compute and apply the moving average weights, we consider a monthly series, $Y_t$, that spans from January 2010 to July 2015—a total of 67 months. The rescaled moving average weights in the formulas below have been rounded to six decimal places. This rounding will sometimes lead to an overestimation or an underestimation at the beginning and end of the series. Because of rounding errors, the trend-cycle obtained using these rounded weights will not be precise within these sections. The full-precision weights must be used to reproduce published trend-cycle estimates exactly.

Three examples below illustrate trend-cycle estimates near the beginning, middle and end of the series. These demonstrate the application of the moving averages when not all months of the 13-term moving average are available (examples 1 and 3), as well as when they are (example 2).

Example 1

For the March 2010 trend-cycle estimate (t=3 of the series), the $Y_j$ values are available only for j=1,...,9, which correspond to January 2010 to September 2010. Therefore, a nine-term moving average is used.

According to formula (3), the rescaled weight applied to January 2010 for this moving average is

$${\tilde{W}}_1^{\left(3\right)}=\frac{0.136}{\left(0.136+0.188+0.224+0.188+0.136+0.067+0.031-0.007-0.027\right)}\approx 0.145299\text{.}$$.

Approximate values of the rescaled moving average weights, ${\tilde{W}}_j^{\left(3\right)}$, calculated for the months included in the moving average to estimate the trend-cycle for month 3, are shown in Table 2.

Table 2  Rescaled moving average weights (approximate values) for March 2010

Reference month	Weight	Approximate value
j=1 (Jan. 2010)	${\tilde{W}}_1^{\left(3\right)}$	0.145299
j=2 (Feb. 2010)	${\tilde{W}}_2^{\left(3\right)}$	0.200855
j=3 (Mar. 2010)	${\tilde{W}}_3^{\left(3\right)}$	0.239316
j=4 (Apr. 2010)	${\tilde{W}}_4^{\left(3\right)}$	0.200855
j=5 (May 2010)	${\tilde{W}}_5^{\left(3\right)}$	0.145299
j=6 (June 2010)	${\tilde{W}}_6^{\left(3\right)}$	0.071581
j=7 (July 2010)	${\tilde{W}}_7^{\left(3\right)}$	0.033120
j=8 (Aug. 2010)	${\tilde{W}}_8^{\left(3\right)}$	-0.007479
j=9 (Sept. 2010)	${\tilde{W}}_9^{\left(3\right)}$	-0.028846

Finally, applying formula (2) to the input series $Y_j$ gives the following expression for $T{C}_3$, the trend-cycle estimate for March 2010:

$$\begin{array}{c}T{C}_3=Y_1\text{*}\left(0.145299\right)+Y_2\text{*}\left(0.200855\right)+Y_3\text{*}\left(0.239316\right)+Y_4\text{*}\left(0.200855\right)+Y_5\\ \text{*}\left(0.145299\right)+Y_6\text{*}\left(0.071581\right)+Y_7\text{*}\left(0.033120\right)+Y_8\text{*}\left(-0.007479\right)\\ +Y_9\text{*}\left(-0.028846\right)\text{.}\end{array}$$

Example 2

For the August 2012 trend-cycle estimate (t=32 of the series), the values of $Y_j$ are available for each month from j=26,...,38, which correspond to February 2012 to February 2013. Therefore, a complete 13-term moving average is used. Because the denominator of formula (3) is exactly equal to 1 in this case, the rescaling has no effect and the weights used in the moving average are identical to the weights in Table 1.

The rescaled weight applied to August 2012 in this moving average is given by

$${\tilde{W}}_{32}^{\left(32\right)}=\frac{0.224}{\left(-0.027-0.007+0.031+0.067+0.136+0.188+0.224+0.188+0.136+0.067+0.031-0.007-0.027\right)}=0.224\text{.}$$

The rescaled moving average weights, ${\tilde{W}}_j^{\left(32\right)}$, calculated for the months included in the moving average used to calculate the trend-cycle estimate for month 32, are presented in Table 3.

Table 3  Rescaled moving average weights to calculate trend-cycle for August 2012

Reference month(s)	Weight	Value
j=26 (Feb. 2012) and j=38 (Feb. 2013)	${\tilde{W}}_{26}^{\left(32\right)},{\tilde{W}}_{38}^{\left(32\right)}$	-0.027
j=27 (Mar. 2012) and j=37 (Jan. 2013)	${\tilde{W}}_{27}^{\left(32\right)},{\tilde{W}}_{37}^{\left(32\right)}$	-0.007
j=28 (Apr. 2012) and j=36 (Dec. 2012)	${\tilde{W}}_{28}^{\left(32\right)},{\tilde{W}}_{36}^{\left(32\right)}$	0.031
j=29 (May 2012) and j=35 (Nov. 2012)	${\tilde{W}}_{29}^{\left(32\right)},{\tilde{W}}_{35}^{\left(32\right)}$	0.067
j=30 (June 2012) and j=34 (Oct. 2012)	${\tilde{W}}_{30}^{\left(32\right)},{\tilde{W}}_{34}^{\left(32\right)}$	0.136
j=31 (July 2012) and j=33 (Sept. 2012)	${\tilde{W}}_{31}^{\left(32\right)},{\tilde{W}}_{33}^{\left(32\right)}$	0.188
j=32 (Aug. 2012)	${\tilde{W}}_{32}^{\left(32\right)}$	0.224

Applying formula (2) to the input series $Y_j$ produces the following expression for the August 2012 trend-cycle estimate, $T{C}_{32}$:

$$\begin{array}{c}T{C}_{32}=Y_{26}\text{*}\left(-0.027\right)+Y_{27}\text{*}\left(-0.007\right)+Y_{28}\text{*}\left(0.031\right)+Y_{29}\text{*}\left(0.067\right)+Y_{30}\text{*}\left(0.136\right)+Y_{31}\\ \text{*}\left(0.188\right)+Y_{32}\text{*}\left(0.224\right)+Y_{33}\text{*}\left(0.188\right)+Y_{34}\text{*}\left(0.136\right)+Y_{35}\text{*}\left(0.067\right)+Y_{36}\\ \text{*}\left(0.031\right)+Y_{37}\text{*}\left(-0.007\right)+Y_{38}\text{*}\left(-0.027\right)\text{.}\end{array}$$

Example 3

For the July 2015 trend-cycle estimate (t=67 of the series), the values of $Y_j$ are known only for each month from j=61,...,67, which correspond to January 2015 to July 2015. Therefore, a seven-term moving average is used.

The rescaled weight applied to July 2015 in this moving average is

$${\tilde{W}}_{67}^{\left(67\right)}=\frac{0.224}{\left(0.224+0.188+0.136+0.067+0.031-0.007-0.027\right)}\approx 0.366013\text{.}$$

The rescaled moving average weights, $W_j^{\left(67\right)}$, calculated for the other months included in the moving average used to calculate the trend-cycle estimate for month 67, are presented in Table 4.

Table 4  Rescaled moving average weights (approximate values) for July 2015

Reference month	Weight	Approximate value
j=61 (Jan. 2015)	${\tilde{W}}_{61}^{\left(67\right)}$	-0.044118
j=62 (Feb. 2015)	${\tilde{W}}_{62}^{\left(67\right)}$	-0.011438
j=63 (Mar. 2015)	${\tilde{W}}_{63}^{\left(67\right)}$	0.050654
j=64 (Apr. 2015)	${\tilde{W}}_{64}^{\left(67\right)}$	0.109477
j=65 (May 2015)	${\tilde{W}}_{65}^{\left(67\right)}$	0.222222
j=66 (June 2015)	${\tilde{W}}_{66}^{\left(67\right)}$	0.307190
j=67 (July 2015)	${\tilde{W}}_{67}^{\left(67\right)}$	0.366013

Applying formula (2) to the input series $Y_j$ gives the following expression for the July 2015 trend-cycle estimate, $T{C}_{67}$:

$$\begin{array}{c}T{C}_{67}= Y_{61}\text{*}\left(-0.044118\right)+Y_{62}\text{*}\left(-0.011438\right)+Y_{63}\text{*}\left(0.050654\right)+Y_{64}\text{*}\left(0.109477\right)\\ +Y_{65}\text{*}\left(0.222222\right)+Y_{66}\text{*}\left(0.307190\right)+Y_{67}\text{*}\left(0.366013\right)\text{.}\end{array}$$

3.0 Exact weights

A summary of the rescaled moving average weights, ${\tilde{W}}_j^{\left(t\right)}$, that are used in calculating the trend-cycle estimates over the entire series are given in Table 5.

Table 5  Rescaled weights for each month, derived under the cut-and-normalize approach

	j=t-6	j=t-5	j=t-4	j=t-3	j=t-2	j=t-1	j=t	j=t+1	j=t+2	j=t+3	j=t+4	j=t+5	j=t+6
t=1	0	0	0	0	0	0	=(0.224) / (0.612)	=(0.188) / (0.612)	=(0.136) / (0.612)	=(0.067) / (0.612)	=(0.031) / (0.612)	=(-0.007) / (0.612)	=(-0.027) / (0.612)
t=2	0	0	0	0	0	=(0.188) / (0.8)	=(0.224) / (0.8)	=(0.188) / (0.8)	=(0.136) / (0.8)	=(0.067) / (0.8)	=(0.031) / (0.8)	=(-0.007) / (0.8)	=(-0.027) / (0.8)
t=3	0	0	0	0	=(0.136) / (0.936)	=(0.188) / (0.936)	=(0.224) / (0.936)	=(0.188) / (0.936)	=(0.136) / (0.936)	=(0.067) / (0.936)	=(0.031) / (0.936)	=(-0.007) / (0.936)	=(-0.027) / (0.936)
t=4	0	0	0	=(0.067) / (1.003)	=(0.136) / (1.003)	=(0.188) / (1.003)	=(0.224) / (1.003)	=(0.188) / (1.003)	=(0.136) / (1.003)	=(0.067) / (1.003)	=(0.031) / (1.003)	=(-0.007) / (1.003)	=(-0.027) / (1.003)
t=5	0	0	=(0.031) / (1.034)	=(0.067) / (1.034)	=(0.136) / (1.034)	=(0.188) / (1.034)	=(0.224) / (1.034)	=(0.188) / (1.034)	=(0.136) / (1.034)	=(0.067) / (1.034)	=(0.031) / (1.034)	=(-0.007) / (1.034)	=(-0.027) / (1.034)
t=6	0	=(-0.007) / (1.027)	=(0.031) / (1.027)	=(0.067) / (1.027)	=(0.136) / (1.027)	=(0.188) / (1.027)	=(0.224) / (1.027)	=(0.188) / (1.027)	=(0.136) / (1.027)	=(0.067) / (1.027)	=(0.031) / (1.027)	=(-0.007) / (1.027)	=(-0.027) / (1.027)
t=7,…,T-6	-0.027	-0.007	0.031	0.067	0.136	0.188	0.224	0.188	0.136	0.067	0.031	-0.007	-0.027
t=T-5	=(-0.027) / (1.027)	=(-0.007) / (1.027)	=(0.031) / (1.027)	=(0.067) / (1.027)	=(0.136) / (1.027)	=(0.188) / (1.027)	=(0.224) / (1.027)	=(0.188) / (1.027)	=(0.136) / (1.027)	=(0.067) / (1.027)	=(0.031) / (1.027)	=(-0.007) / (1.027)	0
t=T-4	=(-0.027) / (1.034)	=(-0.007) / (1.034)	=(0.031) / (1.034)	=(0.067) / (1.034)	=(0.136) / (1.034)	=(0.188) / (1.034)	=(0.224) / (1.034)	=(0.188) / (1.034)	=(0.136) / (1.034)	=(0.067) / (1.034)	=(0.031) / (1.034)	0	0
t=T-3	=(-0.027) / (1.003)	=(-0.007) / (1.003)	=(0.031) / (1.003)	=(0.067) / (1.003)	=(0.136) / (1.003)	=(0.188) / (1.003)	=(0.224) / (1.003)	=(0.188) / (1.003)	=(0.136) / (1.003)	=(0.067) / (1.003)	0	0	0
t=T-2	=(-0.027) / (0.936)	=(-0.007) / (0.936)	=(0.031) / (0.936)	=(0.067) / (0.936)	=(0.136) / (0.936)	=(0.188) / (0.936)	=(0.224) / (0.936)	=(0.188) / (0.936)	=(0.136) / (0.936)	0	0	0	0
t=T-1	=(-0.027) / (0.8)	=(-0.007) / (0.8)	=(0.031) / (0.8)	=(0.067) / (0.8)	=(0.136) / (0.8)	=(0.188) / (0.8)	=(0.224) / (0.8)	=(0.188) / (0.8)	0	0	0	0	0
t=T	=(-0.027) / (0.612)	=(-0.007) / (0.612)	=(0.031) / (0.612)	=(0.067) / (0.612)	=(0.136) / (0.612)	=(0.188) / (0.612)	=(0.224) / (0.612)	0	0	0	0	0	0

References

Dagum, E.B., and Luati, A. 2009. “A cascade linear filter to reduce revisions and false turning points for real time trend-cycle estimation.” Econometric Reviews 28 (1–3): 40–59.

The record linkage application process can be divided into four phases:

• Phase 1: Feasibility of the study and calculating time and cost estimates
• Phase 2: Formal approval
• Phase 3: Record linkage and deliverables
• Phase 4: Retention of linked files, keys and identifiers

Phase 1: Feasibility of the study and calculating time and cost estimates

In Phase 1 of the record linkage application process, the applicant needs to provide information about the proposed study so that Statistics Canada can assess the feasibility and prepare a preliminary cost and time estimate for conducting the record linkage.

SDLE Proposal Form

The SDLE Proposal Form collects contact information, description of the study, details on data files required, and expected timelines and deliverables. The client is required to identify the personal identifiers that are available on the cohort file to be linked.

Feasibility

The feasibility of the study will be assessed against the conditions of Statistics Canada's Directive on Microdata Linkage, and whether the content and coverage of the data files to be used in the linkage would meet the needs of the study's objectives. In some cases, this may require a more in-depth analysis (feasibility study) which would be conducted on a cost-recovery basis.

Initial cost estimate

If the study is deemed to be feasible, Statistics Canada will provide a preliminary cost estimate so that the applicant can secure appropriate funding. Preliminary cost estimates may be subject to change based on changes to the initial timelines and assumptions.

Phase 2: Formal approval

Upon funding being secured for the proposed study, phase 2 will commence. It involves preparation of the application to link proposal, review and approval of the record linkage. During this process, applicants may be contacted with comments or questions for the purpose of clarifying the submission.

Approval by the Chief Statistician of Canada

When the application is considered complete after the review by the Social Data Linkage Environment (SDLE) team, subject-matter experts and Information Management Division, it is submitted to the Chief Statistician of Canada for review and approval. If approved, a summary will be published on Approved record linkages. These are posted to demonstrate transparency and to inform the Canadian public how information on individuals is used. The same summaries are included in the Annual Report to Parliament on Privacy.

Contract(s)

A letter of agreement (contract) will be prepared that will outline the terms and conditions of the work to be undertaken by Statistics Canada in order to complete the proposed linkage. It will be sent to the applicant for signature. The anticipated start time and duration of the record linkage project will be negotiated with the applicant and will be part of the letter of agreement.

Phase 3: Record linkage and deliverables

Once all necessary approvals are in place and a contract is signed by all parties, the record linkage will be conducted and a microdata file will be constructed and will reside at Statistics Canada.

Deliverables

The output of the record linkage project will be a microdata file without any personal identifiers. In other words, a file containing records on individuals but will all of the personal details (names, addresses, phone numbers, etc.) removed. This file will be deemed sensitive statistical information (SSI) and will be subject to the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act. SSI is any information from surveys or other sources about a person, business or organization held by Statistics Canada – with or without name or other direct identifiers – as well as any aggregation of that information that could directly or indirectly identify a person, business or organization.

The deliverables to be generated from the SDLE need to be considered in phase 1 and specified in the contract. These can take many forms, depending on the applicant's requirements. The outputs options are:

• Linked analysis file - This type of file contains analytical variables from both the cohort and outcome file(s) (flat file or relational file format) with supporting documentation.
• Linked outcome file(s) - This type of file contains cohort unique ID with specified analytical file variables. Additional merge with the cohort file is required to generate a linked analysis file. Supporting documentation is provided.
• Linked keys file(s) - This file contains only the unique associated identifiers of the source micro-records resulting from the linkage of two or more source data setsof the cohort and outcome files(s) that were linked. Additional merge of cohort file variables with outcome file(s) variables is required to generate a linked analysis file.
• Feasibility study - For example, when research requires extensive explorative analysis to determine feasibility of linkage and costing.

The deliverables will be supported with documentation.

Access

The applicant can apply to access the microdata file in a Research Data Centre (RDC). RDCs provide access, in a secure university setting, to microdata from population and household surveys, as well as from linked microdata files. The centres are staffed by Statistics Canada employees. They are operated under the provisions of the Statistics Act in accordance with all the confidentiality rules and are accessible only to applicants with approved projects who have been sworn in under the Statistics Act as 'deemed employees' of Statistics Canada. As is the case with employees of Statistics Canada, a deemed employee does not get access to all information held by Statistics Canada. Access to confidential information is strictly on a need-to-know-basis. The applicant will need to sign a microdata research contract which will specifically indicate the microdata files that can be consulted for the project. Having access to the files in the RDC allows the applicant to perform inferential statistical analysis on the confidential microdata. A Statistic Canada analyst will review all outputs to ensure they meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act before they are taken out of the RDC.

It is recommended that applicants contact Microdata Access Division well before delivery of the linked data outputs to start the access process.

Consult the RDC program website to get more information on the application process and guidelines.

Phase 4: Retention of linked files, keys and identifiers

As stated in Statistics Canada's Directive on the Management of Statistical Microdata Files, the linked files are retained until no longer required. The linkage keys and direct identifiers are to be retained until the possibility of re-use for linkage purposes is considered low.

Geographical map of the 2011 Western Economic regions. See the table below for more detail on the names of the Economic regions, Census metropolitan areas (CMAs), and Census agglomerations (CAs) by province.

Ontario
Table summary
This table displays the results of Ontario. The information is grouped by Economic Region (appearing as row headers), CMA/CA (appearing as column headers).

Economic Region	CMA/CA
Northwest (3595)	Kenora

Manitoba
Table summary
This table displays the results of Manitoba. The information is grouped by Economic Region (appearing as row headers), CMA/CA (appearing as column headers).

Economic Region	CMA/CA
Southeast (4610)	Steinbach
South Central (4620)	Note ...: not applicable
Southwest (4630)	Brandon
North Central (4640)	Portage la Prairie
Winnipeg (4650)	Winnipeg
Interlake (4660)	Note ...: not applicable
Parklands (4670)	Note ...: not applicable
North (4680)	Thompson

Saskatchewan
Table summary
This table displays the results of Saskatchewan. The information is grouped by Economic Region (appearing as row headers), CMA/CA (appearing as column headers).

Economic Region	CMA/CA
Regina–Moose Mountain (4710)	Estevan Regina
Swift Current–Moose Jaw (4720)	Moose Jaw Swift Current
Saskatoon–Biggar (4730)	North Battleford Saskatoon
Yorkton–Melville (4740)	Yorkton
Prince Albert (4750)	Lloydminster Prince Albert
Northern (4760)	Note ...: not applicable

Alberta
Table summary
This table displays the results of Alberta. The information is grouped by Economic Region (appearing as row headers), CMA/CA (appearing as column headers).

Economic Region	CMA/CA
Lethbridge–Medicine Hat (4810)	Brooks Lethbridge Medicine Hat
Camrose–Drumheller (4820)	Camrose Strathmore
Calgary (4830)	Calgary High River Okotoks
Banff–Jasper–Rocky Mountain House (4840)	Canmore
Red Deer (4850)	Lacombe Red Deer Sylvan Lake
Edmonton (4860)	Edmonton Wetaskiwin
Athabasca–Grande Prairie–Peace River (4870)	Grande Prairie
Wood Buffalo–Cold Lake (4880)	Cold Lake Wood Buffalo

British Columbia
Table summary
This table displays the results of British Columbia. The information is grouped by Economic Region (appearing as row headers), CMA/CA (appearing as column headers).

Economic Region	CMA/CA
Vancouver Island and Coast (5910)	Campbell River Courtenay Duncan Nanaimo Parksville Port Alberni Powell River Victoria
Lower Mainland–Southwest (5920)	Abbotsford–Mission Chilliwack Squamish Vancouver
Thompson–Okanagan (5930)	Kamloops Kelowna Penticton Salmon Arm Vernon
Kootenay (5940)	Cranbrook
Cariboo (5950)	Prince George Quesnel Williams Lake
North Coast (5960)	Prince Rupert Terrace
Nechako (5970)	Note ...: not applicable
Northeast (5980)	Fort St. John Dawson Creek

Territories
Table summary
This table displays the results of Territories. The information is grouped by Economic Region (appearing as row headers), CMA/CA (appearing as column headers).

Economic Region	CMA/CA
Yukon (6010)	Whitehorse
Northwest Territories (6110)	Yellowknife
Nunavut (6210)	Note ...: not applicable

Note: ... not applicable for this specific location.
Source: 2011 Census of Canada. Produced by the Geography Division, Statistics Canada, 2015.

Background documentation
Preliminary releases, cycle 1
Cycle 1 (2007 to 2009)
Cycle 2 (2009 to 2011)
Cycle 3 (2012-2013)
Cycles 1 and 2 combined (2007 to 2011)
Cycles 1, 2 and 3 combined (2007 to 2013)
Cycles 2 and 3 combined (2009 to 2013)
Cycles 3 and 4 combined (2012-2015)
Cycles 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 combined (2007-2019)

Background documentation

Health Reports articles

Bryan, Shirley, Marc St-Denis and Dana Wojtas. 2007. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Clinic operations and logistics." Health Reports. Supplement to Vol. 18. December. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-SPE. pp. 53 to 70.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-s/2007000/article/10366-eng.pdf

Day, Brent, Renée Langlois, Mark Tremblay and Bartha-Maria Knoppers. 2007. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Ethical, legal and social issues." Health Reports. Supplement to Vol. 18. December. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-SPE. pp. 37 to 51.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-s/2007000/article/10364-eng.pdf

Garriguet, Didier. 2008. "Impact of identifying plausible respondents on the under-reporting of energy intake in the Canadian Community Health Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 19, no. 4. October. pp. 47 to 55.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/access_acces/archive.action?loc=/pub/82-003-x/2008004/article/10704-eng.pdf&archive=1

Giroux, Suzelle. 2007. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Sampling strategy overview." Health Reports. Supplement to Vol. 18.
December. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-SPE. pp. 31 to 36.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-s/2007000/article/10363-eng.pdf

Shields, Margot, Sarah Conner Gorber and Mark S. Tremblay. 2008. "Estimates of obesity based on self-report versus direct measures." Health Reports. Vol. 19, no. 2. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 61 to 76.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2008002/article/10569-eng.htm

Tremblay, Mark, Michael Wolfson and Sarah Connor Gorber. 2007. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Rationale, background and overview." Health Reports. Supplement to Vol. 18. December. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-SPE. pp. 7 to 20.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-s/2007000/article/10361-eng.pdf

Tremblay, Mark, Renée Langlois, Shirley Bryan, Dale Esliger and Julienne Patterson. 2007. "Canadian Health Measures Survey Pre-test: Design, methods, results." Health Reports. Supplement to Vol. 18. December. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-SPE. pp. 21 to 30.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-s/2007000/article/10362-eng.pdf

External articles and publications

Canadian Institute for Health Information. 2004. "The Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health of the Nation. Vol. 1. Winter. p. 7.

Castle, David and Nola M. Ries. 2007. "Ethical, legal and social issues in nutrigenomics: the challenges of regulating service delivery and building health professional capacity." Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, Vol. 622, no 1-2. September. pp. 138 to 143.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0027510707002126

Connor Gorber, S., M. Tremblay, D. Moher and B. Gorber. 2007. "A comparison of direct vs. self-report measures for assessing height, weight and body mass index: a systemic review." Obesity Reviews. Vol. 8, no. 4. pp. 307 to 326.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17578381

Dietitians of Canada. 2006. "New Statistics Canada survey to take direct physical measures of nutritional health." Members in Action. November. pp. 4 to 5.

Équipe de l'Enquête canadienne sur les mesures de la santé. 2008. "Biosurveillance des substances chimiques de l'environnement." Bulletin d'information en santé environnementale. Vol. 19, no. 2. March-June. pp. 7-8.
http://www.inspq.qc.ca/pdf/bulletins/bise/BISE-19-2.pdf

Esliger, Dale W., Adam Probert, Sarah Connor Gorber, Shirley Bryan, Manon Laviolette and Mark S. Tremblay. 2007. "Validity of the Actical accelerometer step-count function." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. Vol. 39, no. 7. pp. 1200 to 1204.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17596790

Journal of the Canadian Dental Association. 2007. "Canadian Health Measures Survey Gets Underway." Journal of the Canadian Dental Association. Vol. 73, no. 2. March. p. 116.

Journal of the Canadian Dental Association. 2009. "The JCDA Interview: Dr. Peter Cooney: Canada's Chief Dental Officer." Journal of the Canadian Dental Association. Vol. 75, no. 1. February. pp. 29 to 31.
http://www.cda-adc.ca/jcda/vol-75/issue-1/29.pdf

Office of the Chief Dental Officer. 2007. "Statistics Canada's Canadian Health Measures Survey." Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene. Vol. 41, no. 3. May-June. pp. 151 to 153.
http://www.cdha.ca/pdfs/Profession/Publications/Journal_May_2007.pdf

Probert, Adam W., Mark S. Tremblay and Sarah Conner Gorber. 2008. "Desk Potatoes—The Importance of Occupational Physical Activity on Health." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 99, no. 4. July-August. pp. 311 to 318.
http://journal.cpha.ca/index.php/cjph/article/view/1656/1840

Spence, John C. 2004. "The Canadian Health Measures Survey: Introduction: Why Should We Give a Hoot about this Survey?" WellSpring. Vol. 15, no. 3. October. p. 1.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/f4752h25f/Oct.pdf

Sommerfeld, J. and AM. Oduola. 2007. "Health-related biotechnologies for infectious disease control in Africa: Ethical, Legal and Social Implications (ELSI) of transfer and development." Afr J Med Med Sci. Vol. 36, no. 1-5.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17703556

Tremblay, Mark. 2004. "The Canadian Health Measures Survey: Background to the Canadian Health Measures Survey" WellSpring. Vol. 15, no. 3. October. pp. 2 to 4.

Tremblay, Mark. 2004. "The Need for Directly Measured Health." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 95, no. 3. May-June. pp. 165-166.
http://journal.cpha.ca/index.php/cjph/article/view/499/499

Tremblay, Mark S. and Sarah Connor Gorber. 2007. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Brief overview." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 98, no. 6. November-December. pp. 453 to 456.
http://journal.cpha.ca/index.php/cjph/article/view/848/848/

Preliminary releases, cycle 1

Health Reports articles

Wong, Suzy and Ellen J.D. Lye. 2008. "Lead, mercury and cadmium levels in Canadians." Health Reports. Vol. 19, no. 4. December. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 31 to 36.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2008004/article/6500106-eng.htm

The Daily releases

Statistics Canada. 2008. "Study: Lead, mercury and cadmium levels in Canadians." The Daily. November 19. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/081119/dq081119b-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2009. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Vitamin D blood plasma concentrations in the population, 2007/2008." The Daily. July 2. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/090702/dq090702a-eng.htm

Cycle 1 (2007 to 2009)

Health Reports articles

Bryan, Shirley, Mathieu Saint-Pierre Larose, Norm Campbell, Janine Clarke and Mark S. Tremblay. 2010. "Resting blood pressure and heart rate measurement in the Canadian Health Measures Survey, cycle 1." Health Reports. Vol. 21, no. 1. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 71 to 78.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2010001/article/11119-eng.htm

Bushnik, Tracey, Douglas A. Haines, Patrick Levallois, Johanne Levesque, Jay Van Oostdam and Claude Viau. 2010. "Lead and bisphenol A concentrations in the Canadian population." Health Reports. Vol. 21, no. 3. September. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 7 to 18.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2010003/article/11324-eng.htm

Colapinto, Cynthia K., Deborah L. O'Connor, Lise Dubois and Mark S. Tremblay. 2012. "Prevalence and correlates of folic acid supplement use in Canada." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 2. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 39 to 44.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2012002/article/11677-eng.htm

Colley, Rachel, Sarah Connor Gorber and Mark S. Tremblay. 2010. "Quality control and data reduction procedures for accelerometry-derived measures of physical activity." Health Reports. Vol. 21, no. 1. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 63 to 69.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2010001/article/11066-eng.htm

Colley, Rachel C., Didier Garriguet, Ian Janssen, Cora L. Craig, Janine Clarke and Mark S. Tremblay. 2011. "Physical activity of Canadian adults: Accelerometer results from the 2007 to 2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 22, no. 1. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 7 to 14.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2011001/article/11396-eng.htm

Colley, Rachel C., Didier Garriguet, Ian Janssen, Cora L. Craig, Janine Clarke and Mark S. Tremblay. 2011. "Physical activity of Canadian children and youth: Accelerometer results from the 2007 to 2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 22, no. 1. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 15 to 23.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2011001/article/11397-eng.htm

Colley, Rachel C., Suzy L. Wong, Didier Garriguet, Ian Janssen, Sarah Connor Gorber and Mark S. Tremblay. 2012. "Physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep in Canadian children: Parent-report versus direct measures and relative associations with health risk." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 2. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 45 to 52.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2012002/article/11648-eng.htm

Dales, R.E., S. Cakmak, J. Leech and L. Liu. 2013. "The association between personal care products and lung function." Annals of Epidemiology. Vol. 23, no. 2. February. pp. 49 to 53.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23305691

Evans Jessica, Yue Chen, Pat G. Camp, Dennis M. Bowie and Louise McRae. 2014. "Estimating the prevalence of COPD in Canada: Reported diagnosis versus measured airflow obstruction." Health Reports. Vol. 25, no. 3. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 11 p.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2014003/article/11908-eng.htm

Garriguet, Didier and Rachel C. Colley. 2012. "Daily patterns of physical activity among Canadians." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 2. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 27 to 32.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2012002/article/11649-eng.htm

L'Abbe, M. R., Yin. Qi, Marcia Cooper and Wendy Lou. 2011. "Iron bioavailability of the diets of Canadians." The FASEB Journal. Vol. 25, no. 607.
http://www.fasebj.org/content/25/1_Supplement/607.23.short

Langlois, Kellie, Linda Greene-Finestone, Julian Little, Nick Hidiroglou and Susan Whiting. 2010. "Vitamin D status of Canadians as measured in the 2007 to 2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 21, no. 1. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 47 to 54.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2010001/article/11131-eng.htm

Paradis, Gilles, Mark S. Tremblay, Ian Janssen, Arnaud Chiolero and Tracey Bushnik. 2010. "Blood pressure in Canadian children and adolescents." Health Reports. Vol. 21, no. 2. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 15 to 22.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2010002/article/11154-eng.htm

Shields, Margot, Sarah Connor Gorber, Ian Janssen and Mark S. Tremblay. 2011. "Bias in self-reported estimates of obesity in Canadian health surveys: An update on correction equations for adults." Health Reports. Vol. 22, no. 3. September. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 35 to 45.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2011003/article/11533-eng.htm

Shields, Margot, Sarah Connor Gorber, Ian Janssen and Mark S. Tremblay. 2011. "Obesity estimates for children based on parent-reported versus direct measures." Health Reports. Vol. 22, no. 3. September. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 47 to 58.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2011003/article/11534-eng.htm

Shields, Margot, Mark S. Tremblay, Sarah Connor Gorber and Ian Janssen. 2012. "Abdominal obesity and cardiovascular disease risk factors within body mass index categories." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 2. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 7 to 15.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2012002/article/11653-eng.htm

Shields, Margot, Mark. S. Tremblay, Sarah Connor Gorber and Ian Janssen. 2012. "Measures of abdominal obesity within body mass index categories, 1981 and 2007 to 2009." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 2. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 33 to 38.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2012002/article/11654-eng.htm

Shields, Margot, Mark S. Tremblay, Manon Laviolette, Cora L. Craig, Ian Janssen and Sarah Connor Gorber. 2010. "Fitness of Canadian adults: Results from the 2007-2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 21, no. 1. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 21 to 35.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2010001/article/11064-eng.htm

Tremblay, Mark S., Margot Shields, Manon Laviolette, Cora L. Craig, Ian Janssen and Sarah Connor Gorber. 2010. "Fitness of Canadian children and youth: Results from the 2007-2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 21, no. 1. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 7 to 20.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2010001/article/11065-eng.htm

Wilkins, Kathryn, Norman R.C. Campbell, Michel R. Joffres, Finlay A. McAlister, Marianne Nichol, Susan Quach, Helen L. Johansen and Mark S. Tremblay. 2010. "Blood pressure in Canadian adults." Health Reports. Vol. 21, no. 1. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 37 to 46.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2010001/article/11118-eng.htm

Wilkins, Kathryn, Marianne Gee and Norm Campbell. 2012. "The difference in hypertension control between older men and women." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 4. December. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 33 to 40.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2012004/article/11721-eng.htm

Wong, Suzy L., Margot Shields, Scott Leatherdale, Eric Malaison and David Hammond. 2012. "Assessment of validity of self-reported smoking status." Health  Reports. Vol. 23, no. 1. February. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 37 to 46. pp. 47 to 53.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2012001/article/11625-eng.htm

The Daily releases

Statistics Canada. 2010. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Body composition and fitness, 2007 to 2009." The Daily. January 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/100113/dq100113a-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2010. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Blood pressure in adults, 2007 to 2009." The Daily. February 17. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/100217/dq100217b-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2010. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Cholesterol and vitamin D levels, 2007 to 2009." The Daily. March 23. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/100323/dq100323a-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2010. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Blood pressure in children and adolescents, 2007 to 2009." The Daily. May 19. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/100519/dq100519c-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2010. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Lead, bisphenol A and mercury, 2007 to 2009." The Daily. August 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/100816/dq100816a-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2010. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: data on physical activity, 2007 to 2009." The Daily. November 23. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/101123/dq101123f-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2011. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Physical activity of youth and adults, 2007 to 2009." The Daily. January 19. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/110119/dq110119b-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2011. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Adult obesity prevalence in Canada and the United States, 2007 to 2009." The Daily. March 2. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/110302/dq110302c-eng.htm

Health fact sheets

Statistics Canada. 2010. "Aerobic fitness in Canada, 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. January 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2010001/article/11092-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2010. "Body composition of Canadian adults, 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. January 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2010001/article/11091-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2010. "Body mass index (BMI) for children and youth, 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. January 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2010001/article/11090-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2010. "Lung function results, 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. January 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2010001/article/11088-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2010. "Muskuloskeletal fitness in Canada, 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. January 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2010001/article/11089-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2010. "Oral health: Edentulous people in Canada, 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. January 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2010001/article/11087-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2010. "Heart health and cholesterol levels of Canadians, 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. March 23. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2010001/article/11136-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2010. "Vitamin D status of Canadians, 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. March 23. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2010001/article/11137-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2010. "Bisphenol A concentrations in the Canadian population, 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. August 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2010002/article/11327-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2010. "Lead concentrations in the Canadian population, 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. August 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2010002/article/11328-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2010. "Mercury concentrations in the Canadian population, 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. August 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2010002/article/11329-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2011. "Adult obesity prevalence in Canada and the United States." Health Fact Sheets. March 2. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2011001/article/11411-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2011. "Physical activity levels of Canadian adults, 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. September 28. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2011001/article/11552-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2011. "Physical activity levels of Canadian children and youth, 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. September 28. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2011001/article/11553-eng.htm

Data tables

Statistics Canada. 2010. Canadian Health Measures Survey: Cycle 1 Data Tables, 2007 to 2009. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-623-X.Ottawa, Ontario. 70 p.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-623-x/82-623-x2010002-eng.htm

External articles and publications

Adamo, Kristi B., Kellie A. Langlois, Kendra E. Brett and Rachel C. Colley. 2012. "Young children and parental physical activity levels: Findings from the Canadian Health Measures Survey." American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Vol. 43, no. 2. August. pp. 168 to 175.
http://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(12)00258-9/abstract

Angerer, Jurgen, Lesa L. Aylward, Sean M. Hays, Birger Heinzow and Michael Wilhelm. 2011. "Human biomonitoring assessment values: Apporaches and data requirements." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. Vol. 214, no. 5. pp. 348 to 360.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438463911000745

Arora, Paul, Priya Vasa, Darren Brenner, Karl Iglar, Phil McFarlane, Howard Morrison and Alaa Badawi. 2013. "Prevalence estimates of chronic kidney disease in Canada: Results of a nationally representative survey." Canadian Medical Association Journal. Vol. 185, no. 9. June. pp. E417 to E423.
http://www.cmaj.ca/content/185/9/E417

Atwood, Kristin M., Cynthia J. Robitaille, Kim Reimer, Sulan Dai, Helen L. Johansen and Mark J. Smith. 2013. "Comparison of diagnosed, self-reported, and physically-measured hypertension in Canada." Canadian Journal of Cardiology. Vol. 29, no. 5. May. pp. 606 to 612.
http://www.onlinecjc.ca/article/S0828-282X(12)01474-2/fulltext

Aylward, L.L., E. Green, M. Porta, L.M. Toms, E. Den Hond, C. Schulz, M. Gasull, J. Pumarega, A. Conrad, M. Kolossa-Gehring, G. Schoeters and J.F. Mueller. 2014. "Population variation in biomonitoring data for persistent organic pollutants (POPs): an examination of multiple population-based datasets for application to Australian pooled biomonitoring data." Environment International. Vol. 68. July. pp. 127 to 138.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24727067

Brenner, Darren R., Paul Arora, Bibiana García-Bailo, Howard Morrison, Ahmed El-Sohemy, Mohamed Karmali and Alaa Badawi. 2011. "The relationship between inflammation, metabolic syndrome and markers of cardiometabolic disease among Canadian adults." Journal of Diabetes & Metabolism. December.
http://www.omicsonline.org/2155-6156/2155-6156-S2-003.pdf

Brenner, Darren R., Paul Arora, Bibiana García-Bailo, Thomas M.S. Wolever, Howard Morrison, Ahmed El-Sohemy, Mohamed Karmali and Alaa Badawi. 2011. "Plasma vitamin D levels and risk of metabolic syndrome in Canadians." Clinical and Investigative Medicine. Vol. 34, no. 6. December. pp. E377 to E384.
http://cimonline.ca/index.php/cim/article/view/15899/12920

Cakmak, Sabit, Robert Dales, Judith Leech and Ling Liu. 2011. "The influence of air pollution on cardiovascular and pulmonary function and exercise capacity: Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS)." Environmental Research. Vol. 111, no. 8. November. pp. 1309 to 1312.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935111002416

Cakmak, S, R. E. Dales, C. Hebbern and G. Saravanabhavan. 2014. "The association between urinary phthalates and lung function." Journal of occupational and environmental medicine. Vol. 56, no. 4. April. pp. 376 to 381.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4210172/

Clarke, Janine and Ian Janssen. 2014. "Sporadic and bouted physical activity and the metabolic syndrome in adults." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. Vol. 46, no. 1. January. pp. 76 to 83.
http://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/Fulltext/2014/01000/Sporadic_and_Bouted_Physical_Activity_and_the.12.aspx

Colapinto, Cynthia K., Deborah L. O'Connor and Mark S. Tremblay. 2011. "Folate status of the population in the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Canadian Medical Association Journal. Vol. 183, no. 2. February. pp. E100 to E106.
http://www.cmaj.ca/content/183/2/E100.full.pdf+html

Colapinto, C. K., O'Connor D. L., Dubois L., and Mark S. Tremblay. 2012. "Folic acid supplement use is the most significant predictor of folate concentrations in Canadian women of childbearing age". Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism. Vol. 37, no. 2. pp. 284 to 292.
http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/h11-161

Colapinto, Cynthia K., Tremblay Mark S., Aufreiter Susanne, Bushnik Tracey, Pfeiffer Christine M. and O'Connor Deborah L. 2014. "The direction of the difference between Canadian and American erythrocyte folate concentrations is dependent on the assay method employed:a comparison of the Canadian Health Measures Survey and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey". British Journal of Nutrition. August. pp. 1 to 9.
http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=29045926

Colley, Rachel C., Didier Garriguet, Kristi B. Adamo, Valerie Carson, Ian Janssen, Brian W. Timmons and Mark S. Tremblay. 2013. "Physical activity and sedentary behavior during the early years in Canada: a cross-sectional study." International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. Vol. 10, no. 54.
http://www.ijbnpa.org/content/pdf/1479-5868-10-54.pdf

Colley, Rachel C., Didier Garriguet, Ian Janssen,  Suzy L. Wong, Travis J. Saunders, Valerie Carson and Mark S. Tremblay. 2013. "The association between accelerometer-measured patterns of sedentary time and health risk in children and youth: results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey." BMC Public Health. Vol. 13, March.
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/13/200

Colley, Rachel C., Ian Janssen and Mark S. Tremblay. 2012. "Daily step target to measure adherence to physical activity guidelines in children." Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercise. Vol. 44, no. 5. May. pp. 977 to 982.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22051570

Colley, Rachel C. and Mark S. Tremblay. 2011. "Moderate and vigorous physical activity intensity cut-points for the Actical accelerometer." Journal of Sports Sciences. Vol. 29, no. 8. May. pp. 783 to 789.
http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a935200662~frm=abslink

Craig, Cora L., Margot Shields, Allana G. Leblanc, and Mark S. Tremblay. 2012. "Trends in aerobic fitness among Canadians, 1981 to 2007–2009." Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism. Vol. 37, no. 3. pp. 511 to 519.
http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/h2012-023

Crane, Connie Jeske. 2014. "Getting girls to stay in the game." Herizons. Vol. 27, no. 3. Winter. pp. 7 to 9.
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94769982&site=ehost-live

Cushmana, Reid,  A. Michael Froomkin, Anita Cava, Patricia Abril and Kenneth W. Goodman. 2010. "Ethical, legal and social issues for personal health records and applications." Journal of Biomedical Informatics. Vol. 43, no. 5. October. pp. S51 to S55.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2010.05.003

Dales, R.E., S. Cakmak, J. Leech and L. Liu. 2013. "The association between personal care products and lung function".  Annals of Epidemiology, Vol. 23, no 2, février, p. 49 à 53.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23305691

Da Costa, Laura A., Paul Arora, Bibiana García-Bailo, Mohamed Karmali, Ahmed El-Sohemy and Alaa Badewi. 2012. "The association between obesity, cardiometabolic disease biomarkers, and innate immunity-related inflammation in Canadian adults." Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy. Vol. 2012, no. 5. October. pp. 347 to 355.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3468056/pdf/dmso-5-347.pdf

Duncan, L. and A. Bonner. 2014. "Effects of income and dental insurance coverage on need for dental care in Canada." Journal of Canadian Dental Association. Vol. 80, no. 6. pp. 1 to 9.
http://www.jcda.ca/sites/default/files/e6/e6.pdf

Elani, H.W., S. Harper, P.J. Allison, C. Bedos and J.S. Kaufman. 2012."Socio-economic inequalities and oral health in Canada and the United States." Journal of Dental Research. Vol. 9, no. 91. September. pp. 865 to 870.
http://jdr.sagepub.com/content/91/9/865

Fernandez, Lois, Penny Jee, Mari-Jill Klein, Peter Fischer, Sherry L. Perkins and Stephen P.J. Brooks. 2013. "A comparison of glucose concentration in paired specimens collected in serum separator and fluoride/potassium oxalate blood collection tubes under survey 'field' conditions." Clinical Biochemistry. Vol. 46, no. 4 to 5. March. pp. 285 to 288.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009912012006637

Fisher, Mandy, Tye E. Arbuckle, Mike Wade and Douglas A. Haines. 2013. "Do perfluoroalkyl substances affect metabolic function and serum lipids?—Analysis of the 2007–2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) Cycle 1." Environmental Research. Vol. 121. February. pp. 95 to 103.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935112003192

Galloway, Tracey, Kue. Young and Grace M. Egeland. 2010. "Emerging obesity among preschool-aged Canadian Inuit children: results from the Nunavut Inuit Child Health Survey." International journal of circumpolar health. Vol. 69, no. 2. March. pp. 151 to 157.
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García-Bailo, Bibiana, Laura Da Costa, Paul Arora, Mohamed Karmali, Ahmed El-Sohemy and Alaa Badewi. 2013. "Plasma vitamin D and biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease risk in adult Canadians." Preventing Chronic Disease. Vol. 10.
http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0230.htm

Gee, Marianne E., Asako Bienek, Finlay A. McAlister, Cynthia Robitaille, Michel Joffres, Mark S. Tremblay, Helen Johansen and Norman R.C. Campbell. 2012. "Factors associated with lack of awareness and uncontrolled high blood pressure among Canadian adults with hypertension." Canadian Journal of Cardiology. Vol. 28, no. 3. May. pp. 375 to 382.
http://www.onlinecjc.ca/article/S0828-282X(12)00003-7/fulltext

Gee, Marianne E., Ian Janssen, William Pickett, Finlay A. McAlister, Christina M. Bancej, Michel Joffres, Helen Johansen and Norman R.C. Campbell. 2012. "Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension Among Canadian Adults With Diabetes, 2007 to 2009." Canadian Journal of Cardiology. Vol. 28, no. 3. May. pp. 367 to 374.
http://www.onlinecjc.ca/article/S0828-282X(11)01178-0/fulltext

Greenfield, Jamie, Philip S. Park, Ellie Farahani, Suneil Malik, Reinhold Vieth, Norman A McFarlane, Theodore G. Shepherd and Julia A Knight. 2012. "Solar ultraviolet-B radiation and vitamin D: a cross-sectional population-based study using data from the 2007 to 2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey." BMC Public Health. Vol. 12, no. 1. pp. 660 to 669.
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=84496949&site=ehost-live

Greene-Finestone, Linda S., Kellie A. Langlois and Susan J. Whiting. 2013. "Characteristics of users of supplements containing vitamin D in Canada and associations between dose and 25-hydroxvitamin D." Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism. Vol. 38, no. 7, July. pp. 707 to 715.
http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/apnm-2012-0316

Gurusankar, Saravanabhavan, Mireille Guay, Éric Langlois, Suzelle Giroux, Janine Murray and Douglas Haines. 2013. "Biomonitoring of phthalate metabolites in the Canadian population through the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007-2009)." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. Vol. 216, no. 6. November. pp. 652 to 661.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23419587

Gurusankar, Saravanabhavan, Mireille Guay, Mike Walker, Lesa Aylward. 2014. "Urinary excretion and daily intake rates of diethyl phthalate in the general Canadian population." Science of the Total Environment. Vol. 500-501, December. pp. 191 to 198.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969714012686

Haines, Douglas A. and Janine Murray. 2012. "Human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals—Early results of the 2007-2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey for males and females." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. Vol. 215, no. 2. February. pp. 133 to 137.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S143846391100160X

Haines, Douglas A., Tye E. Arbuckle, Ellen Lye, Melissa Legrand, Mandy Fisher, Renée Langlois and William Fraser. 2011. "Reporting results of human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals to study participants: a comparison of approaches followed in two Canadian studies." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. Vol. 65, no. 3. March. pp. 191 to 198.
http://jech.bmj.com/content/early/2010/07/12/jech.2008.085597.short

Haines, Douglas A., Melissa Legrand, Tye E. Arbuckle, Jay Van Oosldam, Robert W. Dabeka, Constantine Tikhonov and William Fraser. 2012. "Biomarkers and Human Biomonitoring : Vol. 1 : Examples of Ongoing International Surveys: Canada." Royal Society of Chemistry. pp. 79 to 106.
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/chapter/bk9781849732413-00079/978-1-84973-241-3#!divabstract

Hajna, Samantha, Nancy A. Ross, Lawrence Joseph, Sam Haper and Kaberi Dasgupta. 2015. "Neighbourhood walkability, daily steps and utilitarian walking in Canadian adults" BMJ Open. Vol. 5, no. 11. November. pp. 1 to 10.
http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/5/11/e008964http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/5/11/e008964

Hayes, Alyssa, Amir Azarpazhooh, Laura Dempster, Vahid Ravaghi and Carlos Quiñonez. 2013. "Time loss due to dental problems and treatment in the Canadian population: analysis of a nationwide cross-sectional survey." BMC Oral Health. Vol.13, April.
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6831/13/17

Health Canada. 2013. Final Human Health State of the Science Report on Lead. Ottawa, Ontario. Minister of Health. 101 p.
http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/pubs/contaminants/dhhssrl-rpecscepsh/index-eng.php

Health Canada. 2013. Risk Management Strategy for Lead. Ottawa, Ontario. Minister of Health. 63 p.
http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/pubs/contaminants/prms_lead-psgr_plomb/index-eng.php

Health Canada. 2010. Overview of the Report on Human Biomonitoring of Environmental Chemicals in Canada. Ottawa, Ontario. Minister of Health. 7 p.
http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/pubs/contaminants/chms-ecms/overview-vue-eng.php

Health Canada. 2010. Report on Human Biomonitoring of Environmental Chemicals in Canada Results of the Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycle 1 (2007–2009). Ottawa, Ontario. Minister of Health. 283 p.
http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/pubs/contaminants/chms-ecms/index-eng.php

Health Canada. 2010. Report on the Findings of the Oral Health Component of the Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007–2009. Ottawa, Ontario. Minister of Health. 111 p.
http://www.fptdwg.ca/assets/PDF/CHMS/CHMS-E-tech.pdf

Health Canada. 2010. Summary Report on the Findings of the Oral Health Component ofthe Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007–2009. Ottawa, Ontario. Minister of Health. 19 p.
http://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/369653/publication.html

Higgins, B. 2013. "Exploring relationships between socio-economic status and the health correlates of excess weight among Canadians." Department of Sociology. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary.
http://theses.ucalgary.ca/bitstream/11023/737/2/ucalgary_2013_higgins_benjamin.pdf

Janssen, Ian. 2012. "Health care costs of physical inactivity in Canadian adults." Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism. Vol. 37, no. 4. pp. 803 to 806.
http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/h2012-061

Janssen, Ian, Margot Shields, Cora L. Craig and Mark. S. Tremblay. 2012. "Changes in the obesity phenotype within Canadian children and adults, 1981 to 2007-2009." Obesity. Vol. 20, no. 4. April. pp. 916 to 919.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1038/oby.2011.122/pdf

Janssen, Ian, Margot Shields, Cora L. Craig and Mark S. Tremblay. 2011. "Prevalence and secular changes in abdominal obesity in Canadian adolescents and adults, 1981 to 2007-2009." Obesity Reviews. Vol. 12, no. 6. June. pp. 397 to 405.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20977603

Janssen, Ian, Suzy L. Wong, Rachel Colley and Mark S. Tremblay. 2013. "The fractionalization of physical activity throughout the week is associated with the cardiometabolic health of children and youth." BMC Public Health. Vol. 13. June.
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/13/554

Joffres, Michel, Margot Shields,  Mark S. Tremblay and Sarah Connor Gorber. 2013. "Dyslipidemia prevalence, treatment, control, and awareness in the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 104, no. 3. May-June. pp. E252 to E257.
http://journal.cpha.ca/index.php/cjph/article/view/3783/2794

Khan, S., Mai X-M. and Chen Y. 2013. "Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D associated with pulmonary function in Canadian adults with excess adiposity." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Vol. 98, no. 1. pp. 174 to 179.
http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/early/2013/05/08/ajcn.112.054734.full.pdf+html

Khan, S., Mai X-M. and Chen Y. 2014. "The link between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and lung function in general and asthmatic children." Pediatric allergy, immunology and pulmonology. Vol. 27, no. 2. pp. 87 to 91.
http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/ped.2013.0312

Kuhle, Stefan, Christina Fung and Paul J. Veugelers. 2013. "Medication use in normal weight and overweight children in a nationally representative sample of Canadian children." Archives of Diseases in Childhood. Vol. 97, no. 9, September. pp. 842 to 847.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22833408

L'Abbe, M. R., Yin. Qi, Marcia Cooper et Wendy Lou. 2011. "Iron bioavailability of the diets of Canadians." Mississauga, ON: Beef Information Centre. Vol. 25, no. 607.
http://www.rdc-cdr.ca/iron-bioavailability-diets-canadians

LaKind, Judy S., Johanne Levesque, Pierre Dumas, Shirley Bryan, Janine Clarke, Daniel Q. Naiman. 2012. "Comparing United States and Canadian population exposures from national biomonitoring surveys: Bisphenol A intake as a case study." Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. Vol. 22, no. 3, May. pp. 219 to 226.
http://www.nature.com/jes/journal/v22/n3/pdf/jes20121a.pdf

Landry, D. 2013. "Interrelationships between vitamin D and body mass index and waist circumference in Canada." Epidemiology & Community Medicine. Ottawa, ON: University of Ottawa. 120 p.
https://www.ruor.uottawa.ca/bitstream/10393/24344/3/Landry_Denise_2013_thesis.pdf

Larouche, R., G. E. J. Faulkner, M. Fortier and M.S. Tremblay. 2014. "Active transportation and adolescents' health: The Canadian Health Measures Survey." American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Vol. 46, no. 5. pp. 507 to 515.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24745641

Larouche, Richard, Louis Laurencelle, Roy J. Shephard and François Trudeau. 2012. "Life transitions in the waning of physical activity from childhood to adult life in the Trois-Rivières study." Journal of Physical Activity and Health. Vol. 9, no. 4. May. pp. 516 to 524.
http://journals.humankinetics.com/doi/abs/10.1123/jpah.9.4.516

Larouche, Richard, Meghann Lloyd, Emily Knight and Mark S. Tremblay. 2011. "Relationship between active school transport and body mass index in grades 4 to 6 children." Pediatric Exercise Science. Vol. 23, no. 3. August. pp. 322 to 330.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21881153

Lye, Ellen, Melissa Legrand, Janine Clarke and Adam Probert. 2013. "Blood total mercury concentrations in the Canadian population: Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1, 2007-2009." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 104, no. 3. May-June. pp. E246 to E251.
http://journal.cpha.ca/index.php/cjph/article/view/3772/2796

MacFarlane, Amanda J., Linda S. Greene-Finestone and Yipu Shi. 2011. "Vitamin B-12 and homocysteine status in a folate-replete population: results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Vol. 94, no. 4. October. pp. 1079 to 1087.
http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/94/4/1079.full

Maximova, K., S. Kuhle, Z. Davidson, C. Fung, and P.J. Veugelers P. J. 2013. "Cardiovascular risk factor profiles of normal and overweight children and adolescents: insights from the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Canadian Journal of Cardiology. Vol. 29, no. 8. August. pp. 976 to 982.
http://www.onlinecjc.ca/article/S0828-282X(12)01217-2/pdf

McAlister, Finlay A., Cynthia Robitaille, Cathleen Gillespie, Keming Yuan, Deepa P. Rao, Steven Grover, Sulan Dai, Helen Johansen, Michel Joffres, Fleetwood Loustalot and Norm Campbell. 2013. "The impact of cardiovascular risk-factor profiles on blood pressure control rates in adults from Canada and the United States." Canadian Journal of Cardiology. Vol. 29, no. 5. May. pp. 598 to 605.
http://www.onlinecjc.ca/article/S0828-282X(12)01517-6/fulltext

McAlister, Finlay A., Kathryn Wilkins, Michel Joffres, Frans H.H. Leenen, George Fodor, Marianne Gee, Mark S. Tremblay, Robin Walker, Helen Johansen and Norm Campbell. 2011. "Changes in the rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Canada over the past two decades." Canadian Medical Association Journal. Vol. 183, no. 9. June, pp. 1007-1013.
http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/full/183/9/1007

Nicolae, Alexandra, Harry Ames and Carlos Quiñonez. 2013. "Dental amalgam and urinary mercury concentrations: a descriptive study." BMC Oral Health. Vol. 13, no. 44. September.
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6831/13/44

Niruban, S.J., K. Alagiakrishnan, J. Beach and A. Senthilselvan. 2014. "Association of vitamin D with respiratory outcomes in Canadian children." European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Vol. 68, no. 12. July.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24986817

Ordre des dentistes du Québec. 2010. "Rapport des résultats du module sur la santé buccodentaire de l'Enquête canadienne sur les mesures de la santé 2007-2009." Journal de l'Ordre des dentistes du Québec. Vol. 47, no. 3. June-July. p. 24.
http://www.odq.qc.ca/Portals/5/fichiers_publication/journal/Journal_Complet_6_7_2010.pdf

Oulhote, Youssef and Maryse Bouchard. 2013. "Pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides and behavioural problems, CHMS." American Journal of Epidemiology. Vol. 177. June.

Oulhote, Y. and M.F. Bouchard. 2013. "Urinary metabolites of organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides and behavioral problems in Canadian children." Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 121, no. 11-12. November-December. pp. 1378 to 1384.
http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/121/11-12/ehp.1306667.pdf

Padwal, Raj S., Hsui-Ju Chang, Scott Klarenbach, Arya M. Sharma and Sumit R. Majumdar. 2012. "Characteristics of the population eligible for and receiving publicly funded bariatric surgery in Canada." International Journal for Equity in Health. Vol. 11. September.
http://www.equityhealthj.com/content/11/1/54

Ramraj, C. 2012. "Dental treatment needs in the Canadian population." Faculty of Dentistry. Toronto, ON: University of Toronto. pp. 1 to 103.
https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/33508/1/Ramraj_Chantel_201211_MSc_thesis.pdf

Ramraj, Chantel, Amir Azarpazhooh, Laura Dempster, Vahid Ravaghi and Carlos Quiñonez. 2012. "Dental treatment needs in the Canadian population: analysis of a nationwide cross-sectional survey." BMC Oral Health. Vol. 12. October.
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6831/12/46

Ramraj, C., L. Sadeghi, H.P. Lawrence, L. Dempster, and C. Quiñonez. 2013. "Is accessing dental care becoming more difficult? Evidence from Canada's middle-income population." PLOS ONE. Vol. 8, no. 2. February.
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0057377

Rao, Deepa P, Dai, Sulan, Claudia Lagacé and Daniel Krewski. 2013. "Metabolic Syndrome and Chronic Disease." Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada. Vol. 34, no. 1. December.
http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/hpcdp-pspmc/34-1/ar-06-eng.php

Ravaghi, V., C. Quiñonez and P.J. Allison. 2013. "Oral pain and its covariates: Findings from a Canadian population study." Journal of the Canadian Dental Association. Vol. 79, no. (d3). pp. 1 to 9.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23522141

Ravaghi, V., C. Quiñonez and P.J. Allison. 2013. "The magnitude of oral health inequalities in Canada: Findings of the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. Vol. 41, no. 6. pp. 490 to 498.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23383978

Ravaghi, V., C. Quiñonez and P.J. Allison. 2013. "Comparing inequalities in oral and general health: Findings of the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 104, no. 7. pp. E466 to E471.
http://journal.cpha.ca/index.php/cjph/article/download/3983/2868

Rawn, Dorothea F.K., J. Jake Ryan, Amy R. Sadler, Wing-Fun Sun, Douglas Haines, Kristin Macey and Jay Van Oostdam. 2012. "PCDD/F and PCB concentrations in sera from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) from 2007 to 2009." Environment International. Vol. 47, no. 15. October. pp. 48 to 55.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412012001201

Rawn, Dorothea F.K., J. Jake Ryan, Amy R. Sadler, Wing-Fun Sun, Dorcas Weber, Patrick Laffey, Douglas Haines, Kristin Macey and Jay Van Oostdam. 2014. "Brominated flame retardant concentrations in sera from the Canadian Health Measures survey (CHMS) from 2007 to 2009." Environment International. Vol. 63. February. pp. 26 to 34
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412013002274

Richardson, G. M. 2014. "Mercury exposure and risks from dental amalgam in Canada: The Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007-2009." Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal. Vol.20, no. 2. pp. 433 to 447.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10807039.2012.743433

Richardson, G.M. 2013. (Sanche, J., Ed.), "2013 Canadian exposure factors handbook: Life expectancy, body dimensions, inhalation, time-activity, and soil ingestion." Saskatoon, SK: University of Saskatchewan, Toxicology Centre. 60 p.
http://www.usask.ca/toxicology/docs/cef

Richardson, G.M. 2012. "Evidence that bisphenol-a exposure is not associated with composite resin dental fillings." Pediatrics. Vol. 130, no. 2. p. 1.
https://crdcn.org/fr/node/99492

Riediger, Natalie D. and Ian Clara. 2011. "Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the Canadian adult population." Canadian Medical Association Journal. Vol. 183, no. 15. October. pp. E1127 to E1134.
http://www.cmaj.ca/content/183/15/E1127.full.pdf+html?sid=be1924e2-9f0f-4a84-b0e8-af9f1a2ee29d

Ries, Nola M., Jane LeGrandeur and Tomothy Caulfield. 2010. "Handling ethical, legal and social issues in birth cohort studies involving genetic research: responses from studies in six countries." BMC Med Ethics. Vol. 11, no. 4. March.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20331891

Saravanabhavan, Gurusankar, Mireille Guay, Éric Langlois, Suzelle Giroux, Janine Murray and Douglas Haines. 2013. "Biomonitoring of phthalate metabolites in the Canadian population through the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007-2009)." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. Vol. 216, no. 6. November. pp. 652 to 661.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2012.12.009

Saravanabhavan, G. and J. Murray. 2012. "Human biological monitoring of diisononyl phthalate and diisodecyl phthalate: a review." Journal of Environmental and Public Health. Vol. 2012. 11 p.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22505951

Setayeshgar, S., S.J. Whiting and H. Vatanparast. 2013. "Prevalence of 10-year risk of cardiovascular diseases and associated risks in Canadian adults: The contribution of cardiometabolic risk assessment introduction." International Journal of Hypertension. Vol. 201. pp. 1 to 8.
http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijhy/2013/276564/

Setayeshgar, S., J.Whiting S. and H. Vatanparast, 2012. "Metabolic syndrome in Canadian adults and adolescents: Prevalence and associated dietary intake." ISRN Obesity. Vol. 2 012. pp. 1 to 8.
http://www.hindawi.com/journals/isrn/2012/816846/

Shi, Yipu, Margaret de Groh and Howard Morrison. 2013. "Perinatal and early childhood factors for overweight and obesity in young Canadian children." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 104, no. 1. January-February. pp. e69 to e74.
http://journal.cpha.ca/index.php/cjph/article/view/3589/2750

Shi, Yipu, Margaret de Groh and Howard Morrison. 2012. "Increasing blood pressure and its associated factors in Canadian children and adolescents from the Canadian Health Measures Survey."BMC Public Health. Vol. 12. May.
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/12/388

Shields, Margot, Margaret D. Carroll and Cynthia L. Ogden. 2011. "Adult Obesity Prevalence in Canada and the United States." NCHS Data Brief, no. 56. March. 7 p.
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db56.htm

Stone, M.R., G.E. Faulkner and R.N. Buliung. 2013. "How active are children in Toronto? A comparison with accelerometry data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey". Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada. Vol. 33, no. 2. March. pp. 61 to 68.
http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/cdic-mcbc/33-2/assets/pdf/CDIC_MCC_Vol33_2_2_Stone_E_61.pdf

Theis, B., R. Raut, E. Candido, S. Young, and L.D. Marrett. 2011. "Risk factor and screening report, national and provincial, incorporating sociodemographic variables." Colorectal Cancer Network (CRCNet), Cancer Care Ontario. September. pp. 1 to 122.
http://www.cancerview.ca/idc/groups/public/documents/webcontent/crcnet_q6_screening_report.pdf

Theis, B., R. Raut, J.P.K. Chan, E. Candido, L.D. and Marrett. 2011. "Risk factors and screening by age and sex, national and provincial." Colorectal Cancer Network (CRCNet), Cancer Care Ontario. June. pp. 1 to 84.
http://www.cancerview.ca/idc/groups/public/documents/webcontent/cpac019098.pdf

Thompson, B., P. Cooney, H. Lawrence, V. Ravaghi and C. Quiñonez. 2014. "Cost as a barrier to accessing dental care: findings from a Canadian population-based study." Journal of Public Health Dentistry. Vol. 74, no. 3. January.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24428772

Votova, K.M.E, R. Blais, M.J. Penning, and M.K. Maclure. 2013 "Polypharmacy meets polyherbacy: Pharmaceutical, over-the-counter and natural health product use among Canadian adults." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 104, no. 3. May-June. pp. 222 to 228.
http://journal.cpha.ca/index.php/cjph/article/download/3695/2798

Whiting, Susan J., Kellie A. Langlois, Hassanali Vatanparast and Linda S. Greene-Finestone. 2011. "The vitamin D status of Canadians relative to the 2011 Dietary Reference Intakes: an examination in children and adults with and without supplement use." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Vol. 93, no. 7. July. 8 p.
http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/early/2011/05/18/ajcn.111.013268.full.pdf+html

Wong, Suzy L., Eric Malaison, David Hammond and Scott T. Leatherdale. 2013. "Secondhand smoke exposure among Canadians: Cotinine and self-report measures from the Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007–2009." Nicotine & Tobacco Research. Vol. 15, no. 3. March pp. 693 to 700.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22990218

Wong, Suzy Lai, Rachel Colley, Sarah Connor Gorber and Mark Tremblay. 2011. "Actical accelerometer sedentary activity thresholds for adults." Journal of Physical Activity and Health. Vol. 8, no. 4. May. pp. 587 to 591.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21597132

Yao, Chao Shu and Michael I. MacEntee. 2013. "Inequity in Oral Health Care for Elderly Canadians: Part 1. Oral Health Status." Journal of the Canadian Dental Association. Vol. 79.
http://www.jcda.ca/article/d114

Ye, Ming, Jeremy Beach, Jonahtan W. Martin and Ambikaipakan Senthilselvan. 2015. "Associations between dietary factors and urinary concentrations of organophosphate and pyrethroid metabolites in a Canadian general population." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. Vol. 218, no. 7. October. pp. 616 to 626.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.06.006

Ye, Ming, Jeremy Beach, Jonathan W. Martin and Ambikaipakan Senthilselvan. 2015. "Association between Lung Function in Adults and Plasma DDT and DDE Levels Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 123, no. 5. May, pp. 422 to 427.
http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1408217/

Zinck, John, Margaret de Groh, Amanda MacFarlane. 2015. "Genetic modifiers of folate, vitamin B-12, and homocysteine status in a cross-sectional study of the Canadian population." The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/suppl/2015/05/06/ajcn.115.107219.DCSupplemental.html

Cycle 2 (2009 to 2011)

Health at a Glance articles

Janz, Teresa, and Caryn Pearson. 2013. "Vitamin D blood levels of Canadians." Health at a Glance. January 10. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-624-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-624-x/2013001/article/11727-eng.htm

Health Reports articles

Cooper, Marcia, Linda Greene-Finestone, Hélène Lowell, Johanne Levesque and Stacey Robinson. 2012. "Iron sufficiency of Canadians." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 4. December. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 41 to 48.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2012004/article/11742-eng.htm

Patry-Parisien, Jennifer, Margot Shields and Shirley Bryan. 2012. "Comparison of waist circumference using the World Health Organization and National Institutes of Health protocols." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 3. September. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 53 to 60.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2012003/article/11707-eng.htm

Patry-Parisien, Jennifer, Jiping Zhu and Suzy L. Wong. 2013. "Implementation of the indoor air component of cycle 2 of the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 24, no. 5. May. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 3 to 10.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2013005/article/11792-eng.htm

Roberts, Karen C., Margot Shields, Margaret de Groh, Alfred Aziz and Jo-Anne Gilbert. 2012. "Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents: Results from the 2009 to 2011 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 3. September. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 37 to 41.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2012003/article/11706-eng.htm

Rotermann, Michelle, Kellie A. Langlois, Alberto Severini and Stephanie Totten. 2013. "Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and herpes simplex virus type 2: Results from the 2009 to 2011 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 24, no. 4. April. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 10 to 15.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2013004/article/11777-eng.htm

Wheeler, Amanda J., Suzy L. Wong, Cheryl Khoury and Jiping Zhu. 2013. "Predictors of indoor BTEX concentrations in Canadian residences." Health Reports. Vol. 24, no. 5. May. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 11 to 17.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2013005/article/11793-eng.htm

The Daily releases

Statistics Canada. 2012. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Household and physical measures data, 2009 to 2011." The Daily. September 20. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/120920/dq120920f-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2012. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Select laboratory, activity monitor and indoor air data, 2009 to 2011." The Daily. November 21. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/121121/dq121121b-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2012. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Fact sheets and tables related to select laboratory data, 2009 to 2011." The Daily. November 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/121129/dq121129e-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2013. "Study: Vitamin D blood levels of Canadians, 2009-2011." The Daily. January 10. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/130110/dq130110d-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2013. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Laboratory environmental data, 2009 to 2011." The Daily. April 17. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/130417/dq130417e-eng.htm

Health fact sheets

Statistics Canada. 2012. "Aerobic fitness of Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2012001/article/11711-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2012. "Blood pressure of Canadian adults, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2012001/article/11714-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2012. "Blood pressure of Canadian children and youth, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2012001/article/11713-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2012. "Body composition of Canadian adults, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2012001/article/11708-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2012. "Body mass index of Canadian children and youth, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2012001/article/11712-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2012. "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2012001/article/11709-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2012. "Muscular strength of Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2012001/article/11710-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2012. "Cholesterol levels of Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. November 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2012001/article/11732-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2012. "Iodine status of Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. November 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2012001/article/11733-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2012. "Iron sufficiency of Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. November 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2012001/article/11734-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2012. "Metabolic syndrome in Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. November 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2012001/article/11735-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2012. "Vitamin B12 status of Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. November 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2012001/article/11731-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2013. "Bisphenol A concentrations in Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. April 17. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2013001/article/11778-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2013. "Blood lead concentrations in Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. April 17. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2013001/article/11779-eng.htm

Data tables

Statistics Canada. 2012. Canadian Health Measures Survey: Cycle 2 Data Tables, 2009 to 2011. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-626-X. Ottawa, Ontario. 80 p.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-626-x/82-626-x2013001-eng.htm

External articles and publications

Betancourt, Marisol T, K.C. Roberts, T-L Bennett, E.R. Driscoll, G. Jayaraman and L. Pelletier. 2014. "Monitoring chronic diseases in Canada: the chronic diseases indicator framework." Chronic diseases and injuries in Canada. Vol. 34, Supplement 1. Spring 2014. 34 p.
http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/cdic-mcbc/34-1-supp/index-eng.php

Health Canada. 2013. Second report on human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals in Canada: Results of the Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycle 2 (2009- 2011). Ottawa, Ontario. Minister of Health. 434 p.
http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/pubs/contaminants/chms-ecms-cycle2/index-eng.php

Jee, Penny, Lois Fernandez, Sherry L. Perkins and Stephen P.J. Brooks. 2014. "Effect of storage and repeated freeze/thaw on (S) vitamin B12." Clinical Biochemistry. Vol. 47, no. 18. December. p. 344.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009912014006687

Katz, Sherri, Jean-Philippe Vaccani, Janine Clarke, Lynda Hoey, Rachel C. Coley and Nicholas J. Barrowman. 2014. "Creation of a reference dataset of neck sizes in children: standardizing a potential new tool for prediction of obesity-associated diseases?" BioMed Central. Vol. 14, no. 23. June.
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2431/14/159

MacFarlane, A.J., Y. Shi and L.S. Greene-Finestone. "High dose compared to low dose vitamin B12 supplement use is not associated with higher vitamin B12 status in children, adolescents and older adults." J Nutr 144(6):915-20. 2014.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24699807

MacPherson, M., M. de Groh, L. Loukine, D. Prud'homme and L. Dubois. 2016. "Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its risk factors in Canadian children and adolescents: Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycle 1 (2007-2009) and Cycle 2 (2009-2011)." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada: Research, Policy and Practice. Vol. 36, no. 2. February. pp. 32 to 40.
http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/hpcdp-pspmc/36-2/index-eng.php

Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion (Public Health Ontario). "Child and youth health data sources project: summary of processes and findings." Toronto, ON: Queen's Printer for Ontario; 2015.
http://www.publichealthontario.ca/en/eRepository/Child_Youth_Data_Sources_2015.pdf

Roberts, Karen C. and G. Jayaraman. 2014. "Childhood Obesity – FPT Framework."
http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/cdic-mcbc/34-1-supp/index-eng.php

Shi, Y., M. de Groh and A.J. MacFarlane. "Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associated with folate status among non-supplement-consuming Canadian women of child-bearing age." Canadian J Public Health 105(3): e166-e171. 2014.
http://journal.cpha.ca/index.php/cjph/article/view/4440

St-Amand, A. 2015. "Biomonitoring Equivalents for interpretation of urinary fluoride." Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2015 Jun;72(1):158-67. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.04.005. Epub 2015 Apr 8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25863192

Zhu, Jiping, Suzy L. Wong and Sabit Cakmak. 2013. "Nationally representative levels of selected volatile organic compounds in Canadian residential indoor air: Population-based survey." Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 47, no. 23. October. pp. 13276 to 13283.
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es403055e

Cycle 3 (2012 to 2013)

Health Reports articles

Feder, Katya, David Michaud, Pamela Ramage-Morin, James McNamee and Yves Beauregard. 2015. "Prevalence of hearing loss among Canadians aged 20 to 79: Audiometric results from the 2012/2013 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 25, no. 7. July. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 18-25.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2015007/article/14206-eng.pdf

Langlois, Kelli, Marcia Cooper and Cynthia K. Colapinto. 2016. "Vitamin C status of Canadian adults: Findings from the 2012/2013 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 5. May. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 8 p.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2016005/article/14612-eng.htm

Larouche, Richard, Didier Garriguet, Katie E. Gunnell, Gary S. Goldfield and mark S. Tremblay. 2016. "Outdoor time, physical activity, sedentary time, and health indicators at ages 7 to 14: 2012/2013 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 9. September. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 11 p.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2016009/article/14652-eng.htm

The Daily releases

Statistics Canada. 2014. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Household and physical masures data, 2012 to 2013." The Daily. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/141029/dq141029c-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2014. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Selected laboratory and activity monitor data, 2012 and 2013." The Daily. December 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/141216/dq141216d-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2015. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Directly measured physical activity of Canadians, 2012 and 2013." The Daily. February 18. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/150218/dq150218c-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2015. "Canadian Health Measures Suvey: Hearing loss of Canadians, 2012 and 2013." The Daily. April 15. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/150415/dq150415c-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2015. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Laboratory environmental data, 2012 and 2013." The Daily. July 15. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/150715/dq150715b-eng.htm

Statistics Canada, 2015. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Indoor air volatile organic compound data 2012 and 2013." The Daily. September 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/150916/dq150916d-eng.htm

Statistics Canada, 2015. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Medication use and nutrient intake, 2012 and 2013." The Daily. October 20. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/151020/dq151020e-eng.htm

Health fact sheets

Statistics Canada. 2014. "Body composition of adults, 2012 to 2013." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2014001/article/14104-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2014. "Body mass index of children and youth, 2012 to 2013." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2014001/article/14105-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2014. "Blood pressure of adults, 2012 to 2013." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2014001/article/14101-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2014. "Blood pressure of children and youth, 2012 to 2013." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2014001/article/14102-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2014. "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults, 2012 to 2013." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2014001/article/14103-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2014. "Cholesterol levels of adults, 2012 to 2013." Health Fact Sheets. December 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2014001/article/14122-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2014. "Metabolic syndrome in adults, 2012 to 2013." Health Fact Sheets. December 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2014001/article/14123-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2014. "Vitamin D levels of Canadians, 2012 to 2013." Health Fact Sheets. December 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2014001/article/14125-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2014. "Vitamin C levels of Canadians, 2012 to 2013." Health Fact Sheets. December 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2014001/article/14124-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2015. "Directly measured physical activity of adults, 2012 and 2013." Health Fact Sheets. February 18. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2015001/article/14135-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2015. "Directly measured physical activity of children and youth, 2012 and 2013." Health Fact Sheets. February 18. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2015001/article/14136-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2015. "Hearing loss of Canadians, 2012 and 2013." Health Fact Sheets. April 15. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2015001/article/14156-eng.htm

Statistics Canada, 2015. "Tobacco use of Canadians, 2012 and 2013." Health Fact Sheets. July 15. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2015001/article/14210-eng.htm

Statistics Canada, 2015. "Lead, mercury and cadmium concentrations in Canadians, 2012 and 2013." Health Fact Sheets. July 15. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2015001/article/14209-eng.htm

Statistics Canada, 2015. "Bisphenol A concentrations in Canadians, 2012 and 2013." Health Fact Sheets. July 15. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2015001/article/14208-eng.htm

Statistics Canada, 2015. "Omega-3 fatty acid levels of adults, 2012 and 2013." Health Fact Sheets. November 18. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2015001/article/14245-eng.htm

External Releases

http://blog.sac-oac.ca/the-canadian-health-measures-survey-a-source-of-nationally-representative-hearing-data/

Participaction. 2016. "Are Canadian Kids Too Tired to Move?" The 2016 Participaction Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth. Vol. 16, juin.
https://www.participaction.com/en-ca/thought-leadership/report-card/2016

Data tables

Statistics Canada. CANSIM (database). Last updated April 15, 2015.
http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/a03?lang=eng&pattern=117-0001..117-0022&p2=31 (accessed June 13, 2015).

Cycles 1 and 2 combined (2007 to 2011)

Health at a Glance articles

Clarke, Janine, Victoria Higgins and Khosrow Adeli. 2016. "Understanding your health by using reference ranges." Health at a glance. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no.82-624-X. 6 p.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-624-x/2016001/article/14637-eng.htm

Health Reports articles

Bushnik, Tracey, Patrick Levallois, Monique D'Amour, Todd J. Anderson and Finlay A. McAlister. 2014. "Association between blood lead and blood pressure: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007 to 2011)." Health Reports. Vol. 25, no. 7. July. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 13 p.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2014007/article/14039-eng.htm

Findlay, Leanne, Dafna Kohen. 2015. "Bisphenol A and child and youth behaviour: Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007 to 2011." Health Reports. Vol. 26 no. 08. August. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-x.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2015008/article/14215-eng.htm

Fowles, Jonathon, Joel Roy, Janine Clarke and Shilpa Dogra. 2014. "Are the fittest Canadian adults also the healthiest?" Health Reports. Vol. 25, no. 5. May. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 8 p.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2014005/article/14006-eng.htm

Garriguet, Didier and Rachel C. Colley. 2014. "A comparison of self-reported leisure-time physical activity and measured moderate to vigorous physical activity in adolescents and adults." Health Reports. Vol. 25, no. 7. July. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 11 p.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2014007/article/14038-eng.htm

Hennessy, Deirdre A., Peter Tanuseputro, Meltem Tuna, Carol Bennett, Richard Perez, Margot Shields, Dennis T. Ko, Jack Tu and Douglas G. Manuel. 2016. "Population health impact of statin treatment in Canada." Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 1. January. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 9 p.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2016001/article/14305-eng.htm

Larouche, Richard, Guy Faulkner and Mark S. Tremblay. 2016. "Active travel and adults' health: Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007 to 2011." Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 4. April. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 9 p.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2016004/article/14490-eng.htm

Ng, Edward. 2015. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: A new tool for immigrant health research?" Health Reports. Vol. 26, no. 3. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 9 p.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2015003/article/14143-eng.htm

Rochelle, Garner and Patrick Levallois. 2016. "Cadmium levels and sources of exposure among Canadian adults." Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 2. February. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 9 p.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2016002/article/14311-eng.htm

Rotermann, Michelle, Claudia Sanmartin, Deirdre Henness and Michele Arthur. 2014. "Prescription medication use by Candians aged 6 to 79." Health Reports. Vol. 25, no. 6. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 9 p.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2014006/article/14032-eng.htm

Rotermann, Michelle, Kellie Langlois, Anton Andonov and Maxim Trubnikov. 2013. "Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections: Results from the 2007 to 2009 and 2009 to 2011 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 24, no. 11. November. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 3 to 13.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2013011/article/11876-eng.htm

Wong, Suzy L., Allan L. Coates and Teresa To. 2016. "Exposure to industrial air pullutant emissions and lung function in children: Canadian Health Measures Survey, 2007 to 2011."Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 2. February. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 7 p.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2016002/article/14312-eng.htm

The Daily releases

Statistics Canada. 2013. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Directly measured physical activity of Canadians, 2007 to 2011." The Daily. May 30. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/130530/dq130530d-eng.htm

Health fact sheets

Statistics Canada. 2013. "Directly measured physical activity of Canadian adults, 2007 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. May 30. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2013001/article/11807-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2013. "Directly measured physical activity of Canadian children and youth, 2007 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. May 30. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2013001/article/11817-eng.htm

External articles and publications

Adeli, Khosrow, Victoria Higgins, Michelle Nieuwesteegl, Joshua Raizman, Yungi Chen, Suzy Wong and David Blais. 2015. "Biochemical Marker Reference Values across Pediatric, Adult, and Geriatric Ages: Establishment of Robust Pediatric and Adult Reference Intervals on the Basis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Clinical Chemistry. Aug;61(8):1049-62. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2015.240515. Epub 2015 Jun 4.
http://www.clinchem.org/content/61/8/1049.abstract

Adeli, Khosrow, Victoria Higgins, Michelle Nieuwesteegl, Joshua Raizman, Yungi Chen, Suzy Wong, David Blais and M. Abdelhaleem. 2015. "Complex biological profile of hematologic markers across pediatric, adult, and geriatric ages: establishment of robust pediatric and adult reference intervals on the basis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Clinical Chemistry. Aug;61(8):1075-86. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2015.240531. Epub 2015 Jun 4.
http://www.clinchem.org/content/61/8/1075.long

Adeli, Khosrow, Victoria Higgins, Michelle Nieuwesteegl, Joshua Raizman, Yungi Chen, Suzy Wong, David Blais and M. Abdelhaleem. 2015."Complex reference values for endocrine and special chemistry biomarkers across pediatric, adult, and geriatric ages: establishment of robust pediatric and adult reference intervals on the basis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Clinical Chemistry. Aug;61(8):1063-74. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2015.240523. Epub 2015 Jun 4.
http://www.clinchem.org/content/61/8/1063.long

Aranda-Rodriquez, Rocio, Ashley Cabecinha, Jeromy Harvie, Zhiyun Jin, Axelle Marchand, Robert Tardif, Andy Nong and Sami Haddad. 2015. "A method for quantification of volatile organic compounds in blood by SPME-GC-MS/MS with broader application: From non-occupational exposure population to exposure studies."Journal of Chromatography B. Vol. 992. June. pp. 76 to 85.
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102787210&site=ehost-live

Betancourt, Marisol T. K.C. Roberts, T-L Bennett, E.R. Driscoll and G. Jayaraman. 2014. "Chronic Disease Indicator Framework." CDIC. Vol. 34, Supplement 1. June 2014.
http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/hpcdp-pspmc/34-1-supp/index-eng.php

Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology Annual General Meeting — Extreme Human Physiology: From Pathology to Performance.
http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/apnm-2013-0299

Carson, Valerie. 2014. "Patterns of sedentary time and cardiometabolic risk among Canadian adults." Preventative Medicine. Vol. 65. August. pp. 23 to 27.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24732719

Clarke, J., J. Roy, J. Fowles and S. Dogra. 2013. "Should qualified exercise professionals measure skinfolds when assessing health-related fitness in the general population?" Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. Vol. 38, no. 10, October. p. 1032. Proceedings of the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology Annual General Meeting — Extreme Human Physiology: From Pathology to Performance.
http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/apnm-2013-0299

Clarke, Janine and Ian Janssen. 2013. "Is the frequency of weekly moderate-to-vigorous physical activity associated with the metabolic syndrome in Canadian adults?" Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. Vol. 38, no. 7. July. pp. 773 to 778.
http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/apnm-2013-0049

Coates, Allan L., Suzy L. Wong, Christopher Tremblay and John L. Hankinson. 2016. "Reference Equations for Spirometry in the Canadian Population." Annals of the American Thoracic Society. Vol. 13, no. 6. June. pp. 833 to 841.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27088538

Copeland, Jennifer L., Janine Clarke and Shilpa Dogra. 2015. "Objectively measured and self-reported sedentary time in older Canadians." Preventive Medicine Reports. Vol. 2. pp. 90 to 95.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211335515000042

Dogra, Shilpa, Janine Clarke, Joel Roy and Jonathan Fowles. 2015. "BMI-specific waist circumference is better than skinfolds for health-risk determination in the general population." Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism. Vol. 40, no. 2. pp. 134 to 141.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25591950

Feder, Katya Polena, David Michaud, James McNamee, Elizabeth Fitzpatrick, Pamela Ramage-Morin and Yves Beauregards. 2017. "Prevalence of Hearing Loss Among a Representative Sample of Canadian Children and Adolescents, 3 to 19 Years of age." Ear and Hearing. Vol. 36, no. 1. Janurary. pp. 7 to 20.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27556530

Jackson, B. and P. Huston. 2016 "Commentary – Advancing health equity to improve health: the time is now." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada: Research, Policy and Practice. Vol. 36, no. 2. February. pp. 17 to 20.
http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/hpcdp-pspmc/36-2/index-eng.php

Langlois, É, G. Saravanabhavan G, T.E. Arbuckle and S. Giroux. 2014. "Correction and comparability of phthalate metabolite measurements of Canadian biomonitoring studies (2007-2012)." Environment International. Vol. 64. March. pp. 129 to 133.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24513526

Public Health Agency of Canada. 2016. "Other PHAC publications." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada: Research, Policy and Practice. Vol. 36, no. 2. February. p. 42.
http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/hpcdp-pspmc/36-2/index-eng.php

Public Health Agency of Canada. 2016. "Release notice – Strengthening the evidence base on social determinants of health: measuring everyday discrimination through a CCHS rapid response module." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada: Research, Policy and Practice. Vol. 36, no. 2. February. p. 41.
http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/hpcdp-pspmc/36-2/index-eng.php

Roy, J., J. Clarke, S. Dogra and J. Fowles. 2013. "The health of Canadian adults across fitness categories." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. Vol. 38, no. 10. October. p. 1074. Proceedings of the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology Annual General Meeting — Extreme Human Physiology: From Pathology to Performance.
http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/apnm-2013-0299

Sarafin, Kurtis, Ramón Durazo-Arvizu, Lu Tian,  Karen W. Phinney, Susan. Tai, Johanna E. Camara, Joyce Merkel, Evan Green, Christopher T. Sempos and Stephen P. J. Brooks. 2015. "Standardizing 25-hydroxyvitamin D values from the Canadian Health Measures Survey." The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Vol. 102, no. 5. November. pp. 1044 to 1050.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26423385

Shi, Y., M. de Groh and C. Bancej. 2016. "Socioeconomic gradients in cardiovascular risk in Canadian children and adolescents." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada: Research, Policy and Practice. Vol. 36, no. 2. February. pp. 21 to 31.
http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/hpcdp-pspmc/36-2/index-eng.php

St-Amand, A, K. Werry, L. Aylward, S. Hayes, A. Nong. 2014. "Screening of population level biomonitoring data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey in a risk-based context." Toxicol Lett. 2014 Dec 1;231(2):126-34. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.10.019. Epub 2014 Oct 17.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25455445

Cycles 1, 2 and 3 combined (2007 to 2013)

Health Reports articles

Garriguet, Didier. 2016. "Using a Betabinomial distribution to estimate the prevalence of adherence to physical activity guidelines among children and youth." Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 4. April. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 7 p.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2016004/article/14489-eng.htm

Wong, Suzy L. 2016. "Grip strength reference values for Canadians aged 6 to 79: Canadian Health Measures Survey, 2007 to 2013." Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 10. October. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 8 p.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2016010/article/14665-eng.htm

External articles and publications

Gibson, Deborah. 2015. "Nutrition Biomarkers in the CHMS, Cycle 1" Cost-recovery for HC.
http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/surveill/nutrition/measures-mesures/bio-eng.php

Cycles 2 and 3 combined (2009 to 2013)

Health Reports articles

Garriguet, Didier, Valerie Carson, Rachel C. Colley, Ian Janssen, Brian W. Timmons and Marl S. Tremblay. 2016. "Physical activity and sedentary behaviour of Canadian children aged 3 to 5." Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 9. September. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 10 p.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2016009/article/14653-eng.htm

Cycles 3 and 4 combined (2012 to 2015)

Health fact sheets

Statistics Canada. 2016. "Blood pressure of adults, 2012 to 2015." Health Fact Sheets. October 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2016001/article/14657-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2016. "Blood pressure of children and youth, 2012 to 2015." Health Fact Sheets. October 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2016001/article/14659-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2016. "Hearing loss of Canadians, 2012 to 2015." Health Fact Sheets. October 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2016001/article/14658-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. 2017. "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease under-diagnosed in Canadian adults: Results from cycles 3 and 4 (2012 to 2015) of the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Fact Sheets. January 12. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2017001/article/14701-eng.htm

Cycles 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 combined (2007 to 2019)

External articles and publications

Haines, Douglas A., Gurusankar Saravanabhavan, Kate Werry and Cheryl Khoury. 2016. "An overview of human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals in the Canadian Health Measures Survey: 2007–2019" International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. August.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.08.002