Sex, gender and sexual orientation statistics

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Gender Results Framework – Data tables

The Gender Results Framework (GRF) represents the Government of Canada's vision for gender equality, highlighting key issues.

Other data and analytical products are available in the "Find data on" section.

Education and skills development

Equal opportunities and diversified paths in education and skills development.

More diversified educational paths and career choices
More diversified educational paths and career choices - Indicators
Indicator Total Men Women Data source
Proportion of post-secondary qualification holders who are women, by field of study and qualification type, 2021 More information on Proportion of post-secondary qualification holders who are women, by field of study and qualification type 100.0% 47.9% 52.1% Table 98-10-0416-01
Proportion of post-secondary students who are women, by field of study and credential type, 2021-2022 More information on Proportion of post-secondary students who are women, by field of study and credential type 100.0% 43.1% 56.9% Table 37-10-0163-02
High school completion rate by gender, 2021 More information on High school completion rate by sex 82.0% 80.4% 83.4% Table 98-10-0420-01
Reduced gender gaps in reading and numeracy skills among youth, including Indigenous youth
Reduced gender gaps in reading and numeracy skills among youth, including Indigenous youth - Indicators
Indicator Total Men Women Data source
High school reading test scores, 2018 520.0 506.0 535.0 Table 37-10-0149-01
High school mathematics test scores, 2018 512.0 514.0 510.0 Table 37-10-0149-01
Equal lifelong learning opportunities and outcomes for adults
Equal lifelong learning opportunities and outcomes for adults - Indicators
Indicator Total Men Women Data source
Adults' literacy test scores, 2012 273.5 274.6 272.3 Table 37-10-0047-02
Adults' numeracy test scores, 2012 265.5 272.7 258.2 Table 37-10-0047-02

Find more information on Education and skills development.

Economic participation and prosperity

Equal and full participation in the economy.

Increased labour market opportunities for women, especially women in underrepresented groups
Increased labour market opportunities for women, especially women in underrepresented groups - Indicators
Indicator Total Men Women Data source
Labour force participation rate, 2023 65.6% 69.7% 61.6% Table 14-10-0327-02
Employment rate, 2023 62.1% 65.8% 58.4% Table 14-10-0327-02
Reduced gender wage gap
Reduced gender wage gap - Indicators
Indicator Total Men Women Data source
Gender gap in average hourly wages, 2023 More information on Gender gap in average hourly wages 0.87 n/a n/a Table 14-10-0417-01
Gender gap in median hourly wages, 2023 More information on Gender gap in median hourly wages 0.86 n/a n/a Table 14-10-0417-01
Gender gap in median annual employment income, 2021 More information on Gender gap in median annual employment income 0.73 n/a n/a Table 14-10-0324-01
Gender gap in average annual employment income, 2021 More information on Gender gap in average annual employment income 0.72 n/a n/a Table 14-10-0324-01
Increased full-time employment of women
Increased full-time employment of women - Indicators
Indicator Total Men Women Data source
Proportion of workers in full-time jobs, 2023 82.0% 87.2% 76.2% Table 14-10-0327-03
Equal sharing of parenting roles and family responsibilities
Equal sharing of parenting roles and family responsibilities - Indicators
Indicator Total Men Women Data source
Proportion of time spent on unpaid domestic and care work, 2015 12.5% 10.0% 15.0% Table 45-10-0014-02
Proportion of annual household income spent on child care, by economic family type, 2021 More information on Proportion of annual household income spent on child care, by economic family type 4.9% n/a n/a Table 11-10-0080-01
Better gender balance across occupations
Better gender balance across occupations - Indicators
Indicator Total Men Women Data source
Proportion of occupational group who are women, 2023 100.0% 52.5% 47.5% Table 14-10-0416-01

Find more information on Economic participation and prosperity.

Leadership and democratic participation

Gender equality in leadership roles and at all levels of decision-making.

More women in senior management positions, and more diversity in senior leadership positions
More women in senior management positions, and more diversity in senior leadership positions - Indicators
Indicator Total Men Women Data source
Proportion of employees in management positions who are women, by management level, 2023 100.0% 64.7% 35.3% Table 14-10-0416-01
Increased opportunities for women to start and grow their businesses, and succeed on a global scale
Increased opportunities for women to start and grow their businesses, and succeed on a global scale - Indicators
Indicator Total Men Women Data source
Proportion of businesses majority-owned by women, by business size, 2018 More information on Proportion of businesses majority-owned by women, by business size   63.6% 20.7% Table 33-10-0631-01
Table 33-10-0632-01
More company board seats held by women, and more diversity on company boards
More company board seats held by women, and more diversity on company boards - Indicators
Indicator Total Men Women Data source
Proportion of board members who are women, by type of board, 2020 More information on Proportion of board members who are women, by type of board 100.0% 74.6% 25.4% Table 33-10-0501-01
Greater representation of women and underrepresented groups in elected office and ministerial positions in national and sub-national governments
Greater representation of women and underrepresented groups in elected office and ministerial positions in national and sub-national governments - Indicators
Indicator Total Men Women Data source
Proportion of seats held by women in national Parliament, 2023 100.0% 69.4% 30.6% Table 10-10-0137-01
Proportion of seats held by women in First Nations Band Councils, 2019 More information on Proportion of seats held by women in First Nations Band Councils   48.7% 27.4% Table 41-10-0048-01
Proportion of ministerial positions held by women in federal government, 2023 100.0% 51.3% 48.7% Table 10-10-0137-01
Proportion of Chiefs in First Nations communities who are women, 2019 More information on Proportion of Chiefs in First Nations communities who are women   62.5% 18.5% Table 41-10-0048-01
Increased representation of women and underrepresented groups as administrators of the justice system
Increased representation of women and underrepresented groups as administrators of the justice system - Indicators
Indicator Total Men Women Data source
Proportion of federally
appointed judges who
are women, 2023 More information on Proportion of federally appointed judges who are women		 100.0% 53.3% 46.7% Table
35-10-0198-01
Proportion of law enforcement
who are women,
by rank, 2022More information on Proportion of law enforcement who are women		 100.0% 64.0% 36.0% Table
35-10-0078-01

Find more information on Leadership and democratic participation.

Gender-based violence and access to justice

Eliminating gender-based violence and harassment, and promoting security of the person and access to justice.

Workplaces are harassment-free
Workplaces are harassment-free - Indicators
Indicator Total Men Women Data source
Proportion of employees who self-report being harassed in the workplace 39.2% 31.0% 47.2% Table 14-10-0407-01
Fewer women are victims of intimate partner violence and sexual assault
Fewer women are victims of intimate partner violence and sexual assault - Indicators
Indicator Total Men Women Data source
Proportion of women and girls aged 15 years and older subjected to physical, sexual or psychological violence by a current or former partner, 2018 More information on Proportion of women and girls aged 15 years and older subjected to physical, sexual or psychological violence by a current or former partner n/a 36.1% 44.1% Table 35-10-0205-01
Proportion of population who self-reported being sexually assaulted, since age 15, 2018 19.4% 8.2% 30.2% Table 35-10-0166-01
Fewer victims of childhood maltreatment
Fewer victims of childhood maltreatment - Indicators
Indicator Total Men Women Data source
Proportion of population who self-reported childhood maltreatment (before age 15), by type of maltreatment, 2018 More information on Proportion of population who self-reported childhood maltreatment (before age 15), by type of maltreatment 27.0% 26.1% 27.9% Table 35-10-0167-01
Fewer women killed by an intimate partner
Fewer women killed by an intimate partner - Indicators
Indicator Total Men Women Data source
Homicide rate, by relationship to the perpetrator, per 100,000 population, 2022 More information on homicide rate, by relationship to the perpetrator, per 100,000 population 1.57 2.25 0.87 Table 35-10-0119-01
Table 35-10-0156-01
Increased police reporting of violent crimes
Increased police reporting of violent crimes - Indicators
Indicator Total Men Women Data source
Proportion of self-reported incidents of violent crime reported to police, past 12 months, by type of crime, 2014 28.3% 35.9% 22.7% Table 35-10-0120-01
Fewer Indigenous women and girls are victims of violence
Fewer Indigenous women and girls are victims of violence - Indicators
Indicator Total Men Women Data source
Proportion of Indigenous women and girls subjected to physical, sexual or psychological violence, by Indigenous identity, 2018 More information on Proportion of Indigenous women and girls subjected to physical, sexual or psychological violence, by Indigenous identity 55.0% 54.6% 54.9% Table 35-10-0168-01
Increased accountability and responsiveness of the Canadian criminal justice system
Increased accountability and responsiveness of the Canadian criminal justice system - Indicators
Indicator Total Men Women Data source
Proportion of sexual assaults reported to police that are deemed "unfounded", 2022 More information on proportion of sexual assaults reported to police that are deemed "unfounded" 7.2%     Table 35-10-0177-02

Find more information on Gender-based violence and access to justice.

Poverty reduction, health and well-being

Reduced poverty and improved health outcomes.

Fewer vulnerable individuals living in poverty
Fewer vulnerable individuals living in poverty - Indicators
Indicator Total Men Women Data source
Prevalence of low income, by economic family type, 2021 More information on Prevalence of low income, by economic family type 10.6% n/a n/a Table 11-10-0136-01
Fewer women and children living in food-insecure households
Fewer women and children living in food-insecure households - Indicators
Indicator Total Men Women Data source
Proportion of individuals living in households that are moderately or severely food insecure, by economic family type, 2021 More information on Proportion of individuals living in households that are moderately or severely food insecure, by economic family type 12.9%     Table 13-10-0834-01
Fewer vulnerable individuals lacking stable, safe and permanent housing
Fewer vulnerable individuals lacking stable, safe and permanent housing - Indicators
Indicator Total Men Women Data source
Proportion of population in core housing need, by economic family type, 2021 7.7% 7.1% 8.2% Table 98-10-0328-01
Child and spousal support orders are enforced
Child and spousal support orders are enforced - Indicators
Indicator Total Men Women Data source
Collection rate, by type of beneficiary, 2021-2022 More information on Collection rate, by type of beneficiary 83.0% 83.0% 87.0% Table 35-10-0121-01
More years in good health
More years in good health - Indicators
Indicator Total Men Women Data source
Leading causes of death, showing age-standardized mortality rate per 100,000 population, 2022 More information on Leading causes of death, showing age-standardized mortality rate per 100,000 population 713.4 857.3 592.7 Table 13-10-0800-02
Health-adjusted life expectancy at birth, 2015 to 2017 69.7 years 68.9 years 70.4 years Table 13-10-0370-01
Proportion of population that participated regularly in sport, 2016 26.7% 33.9% 19.7% Table 13-10-0602-01
Improved mental health
Improved mental health - Indicators
Indicator Total Men Women Data source
Proportion of adults who have high psychological well-being, 2019-2020 More information on Proportion of adults who have high psychological well-being 66.0% 69.4% 62.8% Table 13-10-0805-02
Improved access to contraception for young people and reduced adolescent birth rate
Improved access to contraception for young people and reduced adolescent birth rate - Indicators
Indicator Total Men Women Data source
Proportion of population aged 15 to 49 that did not use contraception among sexually active population not trying to conceive, 2015-2016 24.6% 24.9% 24.4% Table 13-10-0382-01
Adolescent birth rate (aged 15 to 19) per 1,000 women in that age group, 2022 n/a n/a 4.4 Table 13-10-0418-02

Find more information on Poverty reduction, health and well-being.

Other Statistics Canada gender indicators

Other Statistics Canada gender indicators

Earnings, wages and non-wage benefits
Earnings, wages and non-wage benefits - Indicators
Indicator Total Men Women Data source
Average hourly wage rate, employed population 15 and over, 2022 $31.96 $34.21 $29.65 Table 14-10-0417-01
Unpaid work
Unpaid work - Indicators
Indicator Total Men Women Data source
Daily average time spent in hours on unpaid domestic and care work, 2015 3.0 hours 2.4 hours 3.6 hours Table 45-10-0014-02
Hours of work and work arrangements
Hours of work and work arrangements - Indicators
Indicator Total Men Women Data source
Number of employed (× 1,000) working part-time, population aged 15 and over, 2022 3,578.1 1,275.5 2,302.6 Table 14-10-0029-01
Number of employed (× 1,000) population in temporary jobs, aged 15 and over, 2022 2,029.5 922.9 1,106.7 Table 14-10-0072-01
Employment and unemployment
Employment and unemployment - Indicators
Indicator Total Men Women Data source
Proportion of workers in part-time jobs, 2022 18.2% 12.4% 24.6% Table 14-10-0327-03
Number of employed (× 1,000) population in management positions, aged 15 and over, 2022 1,855.2 1,198.8 656.3 Table 14-10-0416-01
Courts
Courts - Indicators
Indicator Total Men Women Data source
Canadian legislators by selected demographic characteristics and sex, 2016 100.0% 65.2% 34.9% Table 37-10-0207-01
Canadian judges by selected demographic characteristics and sex, 2016 100.0% 63.4% 36.6% Table 37-10-0208-01
Collection rate, by age of payor, 2021-2022 More information on Collection rate, by age of payor 83.0% 83.0% 87.0% Table 35-10-0122-01
Collection rate, by province and territory, 2021-2022 More information on Collection rate, by province and territory 83.0% 83.0% 87.0% Table 35-10-0123-01
Crimes and offences
Crimes and offences - Indicators
Indicator Total Men Women Data source
Number of homicide victims, 2022 874.0 661.0 203.0 Table 35-10-0156-01
Number of homicide victims, by Indigenous identity, 2022 225.0 169.0 53.0 Table 35-10-0156-01

Features

Tested and trusted statistical standards

Trusted and tested statistical standards

Statistical data and metadata standards are a set of rules about how data and metadata are managed, organized, represented, or formatted. They enable consistent and repeatable description, representation, structuring, and sharing of data and metadata.

Statistics Canada has many national statistical standards used for collecting and publishing more detailed data. For standards related to gender, diversity and inclusion please check out, Gender, diversity and inclusion, and related standards. For standards related to sex, gender and sexual orientation please check out, Gender, sex at birth, sexual orientation, and related standards.

For more information on all our statistical standards, please visit the Standards, Data Sources, and Methods Hub.

2SLGBTQ+ definition

2SLGBTQI+ thumbnail

Whereas the Government of Canada adopted and encourages the use of the acronym 2SLGBTQI+ to refer to Two-Spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and intersex people and those who use other terms related to gender or sexual diversity, Statistics Canada uses the acronym 2SLGBTQ+ for data analysis purposes as information is not yet specifically collected about intersex people in surveys.

Sustainable Development Goals and Gender Equality

Goal 5 - Gender equality of the UN Sustainable Development Goals is to achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls.

Gender in the international context

More information on select indicators

More information on Proportion of post-secondary qualification holders who are women, by field of study and qualification type

Major field of study (based on the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2021) - Field of study refers to the discipline or area of learning or training associated with a particular course or program of study.

This 'Major field of study' variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2021.

This variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered at certain levels of education.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households. Postsecondary qualification holders refers to those whose highest level of educational attainment is an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma (including certificates from "centres de formation professionnelle" found in Quebec); college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

More information on Proportion of annual household income spent on child care, by economic family type

This figure represents the average proportion of after-tax family income spent on child care (excluding zeros) for economic families where the youngest child is aged 12 years or less.

More information on Proportion of post-secondary students who are women, by field of study and credential type

The provided data refers to enrolments rather than students.

More information on High school completion rate by gender

This includes all persons with a high school diploma or equivalency certificate, regardless of whether they also completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

More information on Gender gap in average hourly wages

The gender wage ratio is presented here. It can be interpreted as the proportion of a dollar that women earn for every dollar earned by men. Alternatively, the gender wage ratio can be subtracted from one and then multiplied by 100, such that it represents the gender gap, that is, how much less women earn than men in percentage terms.

More information on Gender gap in median hourly wages

The gender wage ratio is presented here. It can be interpreted as the proportion of a dollar that women earn for every dollar earned by men. Alternatively, the gender wage ratio can be subtracted from one and then multiplied by 100, such that it represents the gender gap, that is, how much less women earn than men in percentage terms.

More information on Gender gap in average annual employment income

Average gender pay ratio in annual wages, salaries and commissions is shown here. The gender pay ratio is presented here. It can be interpreted as the proportion of a dollar that women earn for every dollar earned by men. Alternatively, the gender pay ratio can be subtracted from one and then multiplied by 100, such that it represents the gender gap, that is, how much less women earn than men in percentage terms.

More information on Gender gap in median annual employment income

Median gender pay ratio in annual wages, salaries and commissions is shown here. The gender pay ratio is presented here. It can be interpreted as the proportion of a dollar that women earn for every dollar earned by men. Alternatively, the gender pay ratio can be subtracted from one and then multiplied by 100, such that it represents the gender gap, that is, how much less women earn than men in percentage terms.

More information on Proportion of businesses majority-owned by women, by business size

The proportion of businesses equally-owned by men and women is 15.7%.

More information on Proportion of board members who are women, by type of board

Proportion of boards of directors and in officer positions.

More information on Proportion of seats held by women in First Nations Band Councils

Portrait on December 31, 2019. Proportion of records where sex is unreported is 23.9%.

More information on Proportion of Chiefs in First Nations communities who are women

Portrait on December 31, 2019. Proportion of records where sex is unreported is 19%.

More information on Proportion of federally appointed judges who are women

Includes supernumeraries.

More information on Proportion of women and girls aged 15 years and older subjected to physical, sexual or psychological violence by a current or former partner

Intimate partner violence since age 15, among ever-partnered, is shown here.

The proportion of men and boys subjected to physical, sexual or psychological violence by a current or former partner is also shown here.

More information on proportion of population who self-reported childhood maltreatment (before age 15), by type of maltreatment

All types of maltreatment are shown here.

More information on homicide rate, by relationship to the perpetrator, per 100,000 population

Solved homicide rate for all types of accused-victim relationships is shown here.

More information on proportion of Indigenous women and girls subjected to physical, sexual or psychological violence, by Indigenous identity

Proportion of persons with an Indigenous identity who self-reported one or both physical or sexual violence is shown here.

The proportion of Indigenous men and boys subjected to physical or sexual violence is also shown here.

More information on proportion of sexual assaults reported to police that are deemed "unfounded"

Sexual assault, level 1 is shown here.

More information on Prevalence of low income, by economic family type

Low income measure after tax is shown here.

More information on Proportion of individuals living in households that are moderately or severely food insecure, by economic family type

Proportion of households that are moderately or severely food insecure is provided as a metric for the proportion of individuals living in households that are moderately or severely food insecure. Estimates for Canada do not include the territories.

More information on Collection rate, by type of beneficiary

The Canada total includes only the jurisdictions that report data to the Survey of Maintenance Enforcement Programs (SMEP). Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Saskatchewan, Alberta, Yukon and the Northwest Territories have reported data since 2017/2018. Sex represents the sex of payor.

More information on Leading causes of death, showing age-standardized mortality rate per 100,000 population

Age-standardized mortality rate for all causes of death combined is shown here.

More information on Proportion of adults who have high psychological well-being

Perceived mental health (very good or excellent) is provided as a metric for high psychological well-being. The statistics presented here are for persons aged 12 and over.

More information on Collection rate, by age of payor

The Canada total includes only the jurisdictions that report data to the Survey of Maintenance Enforcement Programs (SMEP). Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Saskatchewan, Alberta, Yukon and the Northwest Territories have reported data since 2017/2018. Sex represents the sex of payor.

More information on Collection rate, by province and territory

The Canada total includes only the jurisdictions that report data to the Survey of Maintenance Enforcement Programs (SMEP). Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Saskatchewan, Alberta, Yukon and the Northwest Territories have reported data since 2017/2018. Sex represents the sex of payor.

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