2015
- Same-sex couples across Canada
- Same-sex parents
- Sexual orientation
- Health care
- Physical activity and stress
- Questions evolve
Here are selected data on assorted topics related to same-sex couples (living in the same household) and sexual orientation.
(Last updated: June 25, 2015)
Same-sex couples across Canada
As same-sex marriages were legalized in Canada in 2005, census data on legally married and same‑sex couples are available for 2006 and 2011 only.
According to the census, the number of same-sex married couples nearly tripled between 2006 and 2011, while the number of same-sex common-law couples rose 15.0%.
As a result, married couples represented about 3 in 10 same-sex couples in 2011, nearly twice the share of 16.5% in 2006.
- 64,575 — The number of same-sex couple families in 2011, up 42.4% from 2006.
- 21,015 — The number of same-sex married couples.
- 43,560 — The number of same-sex common-law couples.
- 0.8% — The proportion of all couples in 2011 who were same-sex couples.
- 54.5% — The proportion of same-sex couples who were male.
- 45.5% — The proportion of same-sex couples who were female.
- 25.3% — The proportion of same-sex married spouses and common-law partners aged 15 to 34.
- 17.5% — The proportion of opposite-sex married spouses and common-law partners aged 15 to 34.
- 6.2% — The proportion of same-sex married spouses and common-law partners aged 65 and over.
- 17.8% — The proportion of opposite-sex married spouses and common-law partners aged 65 and over.
- 45.6% — The proportion of all same-sex couples in Canada living in Toronto, Montréal and Vancouver.
- 33.4% — The proportion of all opposite-sex couples in Canada living in Toronto, Montréal and Vancouver.
Sources: "2011 Census of Population: Families, households, marital status, structural type of dwelling, collectives," The Daily, Wednesday, September 19, 2012; 2011 Census, Portrait of Families and Living Arrangements in Canada.
Same-sex parents
Beginning in 2001, children living with two parents could be distinguished as living with either opposite-sex or same-sex parents in the census.
- 7,700 — The number of children aged 24 and under living with female same‑sex parents in 2011.
- 1,900 — The number of children aged 24 and under living with male same‑sex parents in 2011.
Source: "Enduring diversity: Living arrangements of children in Canada over 100 years of the census," Demographic Documents, released Tuesday, April 29, 2014.
Sexual orientation
The Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2.1, was the first Statistics Canada survey to include a question on sexual orientation.
- 1.7% — The percentage of Canadians aged 18 to 59 who reported in 2014 that they consider themselves to be homosexual (gay or lesbian).
- 1.3% — The percentage of Canadians aged 18 to 59 who reported in 2014 that they consider themselves to be bisexual.
Several concepts can be used to measure sexual orientation. These include behaviour, that is, whether a person's partner or partners are of the same or the opposite sex, and identity, that is, whether a person considers himself or herself to be heterosexual, homosexual or bisexual.
The CCHS uses the concept of identity. Data from other countries suggest that the number of people who consider themselves to be homosexual is much smaller than the number who report having had sexual relations with someone of the same sex. However, people are more willing to answer questions about identity than about behaviour.
Sources: Canadian Community Health Survey; "Canadian Community Health Survey," The Daily, Tuesday, June 15, 2004.
- 1% — The proportion of Canadians aged 18 years and over who identified themselves as homosexual (gay or lesbian) in the 2009 General Social Survey on Victimization.
- 1% — The proportion of Canadians aged 18 years and over who identified themselves as bisexual in the 2009 General Social Survey on Victimization.
Source: General Social Survey on Victimization.
Health care
- About the same — The rate of homosexuals and bisexuals who had a consultation with a family doctor in the past 12 months, compared to heterosexuals.
- About the same — The rate of homosexuals and bisexuals who had a consultation with a specialist doctor (such as a surgeon, allergist, orthopaedist, urologist/gynaecologist, or psychiatrist) in the past 12 months, compared to heterosexuals.
- About the same — The rate of homosexuals and bisexuals who had a consultation with a family doctor or other specialist doctor (such as a surgeon, allergist, orthopaedist, urologist/gynaecologist, or psychiatrist) in the past 12 months, compared to heterosexuals.
- More likely — The probability that homosexuals and bisexuals, when compared to heterosexuals, had a consultation with a psychologist in the past 12 months.
- Less likely — The probability that homosexuals and bisexuals, when compared to heterosexuals, have a regular medical doctor.
- More likely — The probability that homosexuals and bisexuals, when compared to heterosexuals, felt they needed health care in the previous 12 months, but did not receive it.
Source: Canadian Community Health Survey, 2014.
See also: "Study: Health care use among gay, lesbian and bisexual Canadians," The Daily, Wednesday, March 19, 2008.
Physical activity and stress
- 53.8% — The proportion of homosexuals and bisexuals who reported that they were at least moderately physically active in 2014, compared about the same as 53.6% of heterosexuals.
- 33.4% — The proportion of homosexuals and bisexuals who reported that most of their days were quite a bit or extremely stressful, significantly higher than 26.7% of heterosexuals.
Source: Canadian Community Health Survey, 2014.
Questions evolve
Times change… and so do the questions asked by Canada's national statistical agency.
- The 2001 Census was the first census in Canada to provide data on same-sex common-law couples.
- The 2003 Canadian Community Health Survey (Cycle 2.1) was the first Statistics Canada survey to include a question on sexual orientation.
- The 2006 Census was the first census in Canada to provide data on same‑sex married couples, following the legalization of same‑sex marriage across Canada in 2005.
- The 2011 Census also provides data on same‑sex couples, both married and common‑law.
- The 2016 Census and National Household Survey will include questions on same-sex couples, both married and common-law.
Statistics Canada goes to great lengths in assuring that its questions—including those questions related to sexual orientation—are relevant and feasible.
In testing questions targeted to specialized populations, Statistics Canada found that the positive rapport between the agency and with various groups and individuals, coupled with assurances of anonymity, contribute to respondents feeling very comfortable with the interviewing arrangements.
This trust has led to a situation where respondents are willing to reveal personal details about their lives, and to answer questions honestly.
The consultations on questions with specialized populations also provided many useful insights into the issues being investigated.
Sources: Census of Population; National Household Survey; "Experiences in testing questionnaires with specialized populations," Statistics Canada International Symposium Series: Proceedings.
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