In-house spending on research and development (R&D) declined to $167 million in 2020, from $183 million in 2019. Current in-house R&D expenditures, which accounted for the vast majority of R&D expenditures, decreased 8.5% to $161 million in 2020. Distributions of in-house spending by province and territory, field of R&D and nature of R&D did not change significantly.
R&D personnel fell from 1,308 full-time equivalent in 2019 to 1,132 in 2020. Outsourced R&D spending declined to $485 million in 2020.
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