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With the release of the 2021 Census, Canada became the first country to provide census data on transgender and non-binary people. 

Canada is a low-fertility country, or below the no-migration population replacement level of 2.1 children per woman. Fertility rates have been steadily declining since 2009, with the trend intensifying since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic: Canada’s fertility rate decreased from 1.47 children per woman in 2019 to a record low of 1.40 children per woman in 2020.