Table A4
Some low income indexes and their standard errors1

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Table A4a
After-tax low income cut-offs
Year FGT-0 FGT-1 FGT-2 Sen's gap SST
1976 0.1296 0.0434 0.023 0.3346 0.0835
(0.0019) (0.0009) (0.0006)    
1977 0.1297 0.0477 0.0269 0.368 0.0918
(0.0013) (0.0006) (0.0004)    
1978 0.1217 0.0425 0.0229 0.3491 0.0819
(0.0018) (0.0008) (0.0006)    
1979 0.1256 0.0435 0.024 0.3465 0.0839
(0.0014) (0.0006) (0.0005)    
1980 0.1159 0.0394 0.0217 0.3395 0.0761
(0.0019) (0.0008) (0.0006)    
1981 0.1159 0.038 0.0203 0.3279 0.0735
(0.0013) (0.0006) (0.0004)    
1982 0.1239 0.0403 0.0211 0.3253 0.0778
(0.0013) (0.0006) (0.0004)    
1983 0.1402 0.0458 0.0235 0.3268 0.0878
(0.002) (0.0008) (0.0006)    
1984 0.1374 0.0459 0.0242 0.3338 0.088
(0.0015) (0.0006) (0.0005)    
1985 0.1297 0.0412 0.0211 0.3172 0.0792
(0.0014) (0.0006) (0.0004)    
1986 0.1209 0.038 0.0195 0.3138 0.0733
(0.0016) (0.0007) (0.0005)    
1987 0.1188 0.0374 0.0186 0.3153 0.0723
(0.0014) (0.0006) (0.0004)    
1988 0.1083 0.0331 0.0164 0.3056 0.0642
(0.0015) (0.0006) (0.0004)    
1989 0.1018 0.0307 0.0151 0.3017 0.0596
(0.0015) (0.0006) (0.0004)    
1990 0.1182 0.0377 0.0193 0.3187 0.0728
(0.0016) (0.0007) (0.0005)    
1991 0.1318 0.0423 0.0214 0.3212 0.0814
(0.0017) (0.0007) (0.0005)    
1992 0.1327 0.042 0.0216 0.3167 0.0809
(0.0018) (0.0008) (0.0006)    
1993 0.1431 0.0444 0.0221 0.31 0.085
(0.0019) (0.0008) (0.0006)    
1994 0.1375 0.0431 0.0214 0.3134 0.0828
(0.0014) (0.0006) (0.0004)    
1995 0.1463 0.0456 0.0226 0.3113 0.0873
(0.0017) (0.0008) (0.0005)  
1996 0.1569 0.0511 0.0265 0.3254 0.0975
(0.0022) (0.001) (0.0007)    
[0.0030] [0.0013] [0.0010] [0.0067] [0.0025]
1997 0.1531 0.0504 0.0266 0.3293 0.0964
(0.0023) (0.0011) (0.0008)    
[0.0034] [0.0013] [0.0011] [0.0068] [0.0025]
1998 0.1369 0.0467 0.0253 0.3408 0.0897
(0.0022) (0.0011) (0.0008)    
[0.0033] [0.0014] [0.0011] [0.0073] [0.0026]
1999 0.13 0.044 0.0244 0.3384 0.0848
(0.0018) (0.0009) (0.0007)    
[0.0026] [0.0012] [0.0009] [0.0068] [0.0022]
2000 0.1248 0.0418 0.0226 0.3344 0.0806
(0.0018) (0.0008) (0.0006)    
[0.0028] [0.0011] [0.0008] [0.0061] [0.0021]
2001 0.112 0.0377 0.0202 0.3361 0.0729
(0.0018) (0.0009) (0.0007)    
[0.0027] [0.0011] [0.0008] [0.0065] [0.0021]
2002 0.1156 0.0382 0.0203 0.3298 0.0738
(0.0019) (0.0008) (0.0006)    
[0.0028] [0.0011] [0.0008] [0.0068] [0.0021]
2003 0.1163 0.0382 0.0202 0.328 0.0738
(0.0019) (0.0008) (0.0001)    
[0.0029] [0.0011] [0.0008] [0.0065] [0.0021]
2004 0.1137 0.0382 0.0204 0.3356 0.0738
(0.0019) (0.0008) (0.0006)    
[0.0029] [0.0012] [0.0008] [0.0074] [0.0022]
2005 0.1082 0.0374 0.0203 0.3455 0.0725
(0.0019) (0.0009) (0.0007)    
[0.0025] [0.0011] [0.0008] [0.0079] [0.0021]
2006 0.1053 0.034 0.0181 0.3231 0.0661
(0.002) (0.0008) (0.0006)    
[0.0028] [0.0009] [0.0007] [0.0072] [0.0019]
2007 0.0917 0.0301 0.0164 0.3289 0.0588
(0.0019) (0.0008) (0.0006)    
[0.0028] [0.0010] [0.0007] [0.0082] [0.0019]

 

Table A4b
After-tax low income measures
Year FGT-0 FGT-1 FGT-2 Sen's gap SST
1976 0.134 0.0432 0.0227 0.3225 0.0831
(0.0019) (0.0008) (0.0006)    
1977 0.1415 0.0492 0.0271 0.3477 0.0943
(0.0013) (0.0006) (0.0004)    
1978 0.134 0.0446 0.0235 0.333 0.0857
(0.0019) (0.0008) (0.0006)    
1979 0.1342 0.0457 0.0246 0.3402 0.0877
(0.0013) (0.0006) (0.0005)    
1980 0.1276 0.0415 0.0223 0.3251 0.08
(0.0019) (0.0008) (0.0006)    
1981 0.1213 0.0385 0.0201 0.3174 0.0743
(0.0012) (0.0005) (0.0004)    
1982 0.1248 0.0387 0.0201 0.3104 0.0748
(0.0013) (0.0005) (0.0004)    
1983 0.1262 0.0383 0.0196 0.3034 0.0739
(0.0019) (0.0008) (0.0006)    
1984 0.1274 0.0412 0.0217 0.3236 0.0795
(0.0013) (0.0006) (0.0004)    
1985 0.1178 0.037 0.0189 0.3145 0.0716
(0.0013) (0.0005) (0.0004)    
1986 0.1122 0.0347 0.0177 0.3092 0.0672
(0.0016) (0.0006) (0.0004)    
1987 0.1117 0.0334 0.0162 0.2985 0.0646
(0.0013) (0.0005) (0.0004)    
1988 0.1059 0.0314 0.0152 0.2964 0.0609
(0.0013) (0.0005) (0.0004)    
1989 0.1018 0.0302 0.0146 0.2968 0.0587
(0.0013) (0.0005) (0.0004)    
1990 0.1117 0.0341 0.0173 0.305 0.066
(0.0015) (0.0006) (0.0004)    
1991 0.1103 0.0339 0.0172 0.3075 0.0657
(0.0014) (0.0006) (0.0004)    
1992 0.1107 0.0343 0.0179 0.3095 0.0664
(0.0015) (0.0007) (0.0005)    
1993 0.1106 0.0328 0.0168 0.2966 0.0636
(0.0016) (0.0006) (0.0005)    
1994 0.1095 0.0329 0.0165 0.3003 0.0638
(0.0012) (0.0005) (0.0004)    
1995 0.1118 0.0343 0.0172 0.3065 0.0664
(0.0014) (0.0006) (0.0004)    
1996 0.1239 0.0389 0.0206 0.3137 0.0751
(0.002) (0.0009) (0.0006)_    
[0.0028] [0.0012] [0.0009] [0.0073] [0.0022
1997 0.1229 0.039 0.0209 0.3173 0.0754
(0.002) (0.0009) (0.0007)    
[0.0028] [0.0012] [0.0010] [0.0079] [0.0024]
1998 0.1195 0.0386 0.0212 0.3229 0.0747
(0.0022) (0.001) (0.0008)    
[0.0029] [0.0013] [0.0010] [0.0080] [0.0024]
1999 0.1175 0.0396 0.022 0.3366 0.0766
(0.0017) (0.0008) (0.0007)    
[0.0024] [0.0011] [0.0009] [0.0069] [0.0021]
2000 0.1171 0.0384 0.0207 0.3278 0.0743
(0.0017) (0.0008) (0.0006)    
[0.0025] [0.0010] [0.0008] [0.0063] [0.0020]
2001 0.1167 0.0378 0.0199 0.3237 0.0731
(0.0018) (0.0008) (0.0006)    
[0.0026] [0.0011] [0.0008] [0.0065] [0.0020]
2002 0.118 0.0386 0.0202 0.3275 0.0746
(0.0018) (0.0008) (0.0006)    
[0.0027] [0.0011] [0.0008] [0.0067] [0.0021]
2003 0.1203 0.0387 0.0201 0.3214 0.0747
(0.0018) (0.0008) (0.0006)    
[0.0029] [0.0011] [0.0007] [0.0058] [0.0020]
2004 0.1224 0.0396 0.0208 0.3231 0.0764
(0.0019) (0.0008) (0.0006)    
[0.0029] [0.0011] [0.0008] [0.0067] [0.0022]
2005 0.1164 0.0392 0.0208 0.3368 0.0758
(0.0019) (0.0009) (0.0006)    
[0.0026] [0.0011] [0.0008] [0.0069] [0.0021]
2006 0.1137 0.037 0.0193 0.3252 0.0715
(0.0019) (0.0008) (0.0006)    
[0.0028] [0.0010] [0.0007] [0.0063] [0.0018]
2007 0.1097 0.0351 0.0184 0.3202 0.0681
(0.0019) (0.0008) (0.0006)    
[0.00281] [0.001] [0.00069] [0.0067] [0.002]

 

Table A4c
After-tax low income measures fixed at 1992
Year FGT-0 FGT-1 FGT-2 Sen's gap SST
1976 0.1309 0.0422 0.0223 0.3225 0.0813
(0.0019) (0.0008) (0.0006)    
1977 0.1313 0.0458 0.0255 0.3486 0.0881
(0.0018) (0.0008) (0.0006)    
1978 0.1215 0.0407 0.0217 0.335 0.0785
(0.0018) (0.0008) (0.0006)    
1979 0.1209 0.0412 0.0225 0.3404 0.0795
(0.0013) (0.0006) (0.0005)    
1980 0.1093 0.0362 0.02 0.331 0.0701
(0.0018) (0.0008) (0.0006)    
1981 0.1077 0.0341 0.0182 0.3165 0.0661
(0.0012) (0.0005) (0.0004)    
1982 0.1157 0.0361 0.0189 0.3116 0.0698
(0.0012) (0.0005) (0.0004)    
1983 0.1295 0.0391 0.02 0.302 0.0754
(0.0019) (0.0008) (0.0006)    
1984 0.1236 0.0401 0.0211 0.3244 0.0774
(0.0013) (0.0006) (0.0004)    
1985 0.1108 0.0349 0.0179 0.3151 0.0676
(0.0012) (0.0005) (0.0004)    
1986 0.1045 0.0324 0.0168 0.3106 0.063
(0.0014) (0.0006) (0.0004)    
1987 0.1055 0.031 0.0152 0.2937 0.0601
(0.0013) (0.0005) (0.0004)    
1988 0.0911 0.027 0.0133 0.2967 0.0526
(0.0013) (0.0005) (0.0003)    
1989 0.0851 0.0248 0.0124 0.2917 0.0485
(0.0012) (0.0005) (0.0004)    
1990 0.0991 0.0307 0.0158 0.3098 0.0597
(0.0015) (0.0006) (0.0004)    
1991 0.1117 0.0344 0.0174 0.3079 0.0666
(0.0014) (0.0006) (0.0004)    
1992 0.1107 0.0343 0.0179 0.3095 0.0664
(0.0015) (0.0007) (0.0005)    
1993 0.1175 0.0349 0.0177 0.2974 0.0676
(0.0017) (0.0007) (0.0005)    
1994 0.1125 0.0339 0.0169 0.3014 0.0657
(0.0013) (0.0005) (0.0004)    
1995 0.1172 0.0355 0.0178 0.3032 0.0687
(0.0015) (0.0006) (0.0004)    
1996 0.1272 0.0403 0.0212 0.3169 0.0778
(0.002) (0.0009) (0.0007)    
[0.0028 [0.0012] [0.0009] [0.0071] [0.0023]
1997 0.1257 0.0399 0.0213 0.317 0.0769
(0.0020 (0.0009) (0.0007)    
[0.0028 [0.0012] [0.0010] [0.0079] [0.0024]
1998 0.1143 0.0369 0.0205 0.3228 0.0715
(0.0020 (0.001) (0.0008)    
[0.0029 [0.0013] [0.0010] [0.0082] [0.0024]
1999 0.1044 0.0355 0.0202 0.3399 0.069
(0.0016 (0.0008) (0.0007)    
[0.0022 [0.0011] [0.0009] [0.0077] [0.0021]
2000 0.099 0.0331 0.0184 0.3339 0.0643
(0.0016 (0.0007) (0.0006)    
[0.0024 [0.0010] [0.0008] [0.0072] [0.0019]
2001 0.0909 0.0301 0.0165 0.3315 0.0588
(0.0016) (0.0008) (0.0006)    
[0.0023 [0.0010] [0.0008] [0.0075] [0.0019]
2002 0.0928 0.0303 0.0164 0.3263 0.059
(0.0017) (0.0007) (0.0006)    
[0.0025 [0.0010] [0.0008] [0.0080] [0.0019]
2003 0.0939 0.0303 0.0164 0.3228 0.0591
(0.0017) (0.0007) (0.0006)    
[0.0027 [0.0009] [0.0007] [0.0071] [0.0018]
2004 0.0897 0.0302 0.0165 0.337 0.0589
(0.0017) (0.0007) (0.0006)    
[0.0025 [0.0010] [0.0007] [0.0078] [0.0020]
2005 0.0864 0.0293 0.0162 0.3395 0.0573
(0.0017) (0.0008) (0.0006)    
[0.0023 [0.0010] [0.0007] [0.0082] [0.0019]
2006 0.0806 0.026 0.0145 0.3233 0.051
(0.0017) (0.0007) (0.0006)    
[0.0023 [0.0008] [0.0006] [0.0083] [0.0016]
2007 0.0684 0.0233 0.0131 0.3415 0.0459
(0.0016) (0.0007) (0.0005)    
[0.0023 [0.0009] [0.0006] [0.0092] [0.0017]

 

Table A4d
Market Basket Measure
Year FGT-0 FGT-1 FGT-2 Sen's gap SST
2000 0.1459 0.0469 0.0249 0.3218 0.0901
(0.0019) (0.0008) (0.0006)    
[0.0029] [0.0011] [0.0009] [0.0059] [0.0021]
2001 0.1351 0.0436 0.0234 0.3228 0.084
(0.0019) (0.0009) (0.0007)    
[0.0027 [0.0012] [0.0009] [0.0062] [0.0022]
2002 0.1359 0.043 0.0226 0.3168 0.0829
(0.002) (0.0009) (0.0006)    
[0.0028 [0.0012] [0.0009] [0.0061] [0.0023]
2003 0.1324 0.0423 0.0223 0.3194 0.0815
(0.0019) (0.0008) (0.0006)    
[0.0031 [0.0011] [0.0008] [0.0061] [0.0021]
2004 0.1317 0.0429 0.0229 0.3254 0.0826
(0.002) (0.0009) (0.0006)    
[0.0033 [0.0012] [0.0009] [0.0069] [0.0023]
2005 0.1245 0.0415 0.0226 0.3331 0.0802
(0.002) (0.0009) (0.0007)    
[0.0026 [0.0012] [0.0009] [0.0074] [0.0023]
2006 0.1194 0.0376 0.0201 0.3149 0.0728
(0.002) (0.0009) (0.0007)    
[0.0030 [0.0010] [0.0008] [0.0071] [0.0020]
2007 0.1008 0.0332 0.018 0.3265 0.0646
(0.0019) (0.0008) (0.0006)    
[0.0028 [0.0011 [0.0007] [0.0077 [0.0020]

FGT: Foster, Greer and Thorbeck index
SST: Sen-Shorrocks-Thon index
1. Standard errors are in parentheses. From1996 to 2007, bootstrap weights are also used to calculate the bootstrap standard errors (in brackets).
Source: Survey of Consumer Finance (1976 to 1995), Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (1996 to 2006).

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