Statistics 101: Correlation and causality

Catalogue number: 892000062021002

Release date: May 3, 2021 Updated: December 1, 2021

In this video, you will learn how to prove the existence of a relationship, or lack thereof, between two variables. This is a very important part of data analysis.

By the end of this video, you will learn the answers to the following questions:

What is correlation?
How can you measure, quantify, or interpret correlation when analyzing your data?
What is causality?
And finally, what are the differences between the two?

Data journey step

Analyze, model

Data competency

Data analysis
Data driven decision making
Data interpretation
Data visualisation

Audience

Basic

Suggested prerequisites

N/A

Length

17:27

Cost

Free

Watch the video

Statistics 101: Correlation and causality - Transcript

(The Statistics Canada symbol and Canada wordmark appear on screen with the title: "Statistics 101: Correlation and causality")

Statistics 101: Correlation and causality

This video is intended for viewers who wish to gain a basic understanding of correlation and causality. As a prerequisite, before beginning this video, we highly recommend having already completed our videos titled "What is Data" and "Types of Data".

Learning goals

By the end of this video, you will learn the answers to the following questions: What is correlation? How can you measure, quantify or interpret correlation when analyzing your data? What is causality? And finally, what are the differences between the two?

Steps of a data journey

(Diagram of the Steps of the data journey: Step 1 - define, find, gather; Step 2 - explore, clean, describe; Step 3 - analyze, model; Step 4 - tell the story. The data journey is supported by a foundation of stewardship, metadata, standards and quality.)

This diagram is a visual representation of the data journey, from collecting the data to cleaning, exploring, describing and understanding the data to analyzing the data, and lastly, to communicating with others the story the data tell.

Step 3 and 4: Analyze, model and tell the story

(Diagram of the Steps of the data journey with an emphasis on Step 3 - analyze, model and Step 4 - tell the story)

Correlation and causality fall under the final two steps of the data journey: analysis and modeling, and telling the story.

Patterns and relationships

(Image combining a hockey stick and a toilet that equals a Stanley Cup with a question mark)

Have you ever noticed the way the human mind really likes patterns? So much so in fact, that the mind will often create patterns. When two variables appear to be so closely associated, it can seem that one is dependent on the other. For example, Ottawa Senators hockey player Bruce Gardiner, was so superstitious, he was convinced the only way he could break the occasional slump in his performance was to dunk his hockey stick in a toilet bowl. Superstitions like this are a great example of how the brain likes to perceive relationships between two things, even when in reality, no such relationships exist. In this video, you will learn how to prove the existence of a relationship, or lack thereof, between two variables. This is a very important part of data analysis.

Correlation in data analysis

In the world of data, correlation refers to the existence of a relationship between two variables. Correlation plays a big part in data analysis. When studying a potential relationship between two variables, it is important to ask yourself the following questions: Does a relationship exist between the two variables? If so, is the relationship positive or negative? What is the strength of this relationship? Is it a strong correlation, a weak correlation, or somewhere in the middle? Correlation can exist between all types of variables, but in statistics, correlation can only be calculated for numeric variables.

What is correlation?

(Table containing data on the change in water temperature in a kettle over time)

Let's start by talking about correlation in everyday life. When we say two or more things are correlated, this means there is a mutual relationship between them. This relationship can be either positive or negative. In a positive correlation, the values of the two related items move in the same direction. Take a kettle full of water, for example: the longer the kettle is on, the hotter the temperature of the water inside the kettle will get. In a negative correlation, the values move in opposite directions. Meaning as one variable increases, the other decreases, and vice versa. For example, imagine you've taken a freshly brewed cup of tea outside on a winter day. The more time you spend outside, the colder your tea will become. In this case, as the time variable increases, the temperature decreases.

Visualizing our data

(Scatter plot visualizing data from the previous slide on water temperature in a kettle over time)

Using a scatterplot is an effective way to show the relationship between two different variables. Here, we used Microsoft Excel to plot the seven points in the table from the previous slide. You can do the same in many other spreadsheet applications. The number of seconds the water is in the kettle or plotted along the horizontal x-axis. And the water temperature is plotted along the vertical y-axis. We can clearly see here that, as the x value increases, so do the Y values. This verifies that we have a strong positive correlation.

(scatter plot visualizing the water temperature slide data in a kettle over time with a trend line intercepting the data)

This positive correlation is more clearly seen with the addition of a linear trend line. A trend line is a straight line we draw over the data which gets as close as possible to all of the data points. This can be automatically generated using your choice of software. As shown in the scatter plot, it provides an even clearer visualization, which allows us to see how strongly our variables are correlated. In this example, the line is very obviously trending upwards, which represents a positive correlation. If the line was trending downwards, it would represent a negative correlation.

Measuring correlation

For numeric variables, correlation is measured by a correlation coefficient. Where a scatter plot or trend line can help you visualize your data, a correlation coefficient is a measure of the strength of the linear relationship between two variables and is represented by "r". The value of r is always between a minimum of -1 and a maximum of 1. The correlation coefficient, or r, can be calculated easily in Excel by using the Pearson function. This function is available in multiple spreadsheets or statistical applications. Use the one you know and trust!

When r is equal to 1, we are saying that two variables have a perfectly positive relationship, meaning, the two variables always increase or decrease together. When r is equal to -1, the variables have a perfectly negative relationship. This would mean that one variable always increases while the other one decreases. Finally, when r is equal to zero, there is no linear relationship between the two variables.

Interpreting the correlation coefficient

The correlation coefficient, or r, provides information about the existence, direction and strength of a relationship between two variables. In reality, and r value is rarely equal to exactly -1 or 1. This table provides general guidelines about the strength of a relationship between two variables. If an r value is -0.6 or lower, we have a strong negative relationship. Likewise, if its value is 0.6 or higher, we have a strong positive relationship. If an r value is between -0.59 and -0.2, we have a weak negative relationship. Likewise, if its value is between 0.2 and 0.59, we have a weak, positive relationship. Finally, if the correlation coefficient is between -0.19 and 0.19, we do not have enough evidence to say that the two variables are correlated.

Example 1

Let's go back to our example of water boiling in a kettle. This data table provides the temperature of water in a kettle at seven equally spaced moments in time. After the first 30 seconds, the water is at a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius. At the final moment, the water has reached its boiling point of 100 degrees Celsius. Using the value of r, we can prove there is a positive correlation between time and temperature through both the correlation coefficient and data visualization.

Calculating the correlation coefficient

(Table containing the same data as the previous slide)

(Scatter plot with a trend line viewing data from the same table)

(Text: Use Pearson function --> r-0.997)

As we mentioned earlier, the correlation coefficient, or r, can be calculated easily by using the Pearson function. The values in the first column represent the first variable: number of seconds spent in the kettle. The values in the second column represent the water temperature at each point in time. Here, we see that the r value turns out to be greater than 0.99. Remember, an r value of one would have indicated a perfect positive correlation. This means that our r value indicates a positive correlation that is close to perfect. In other words, for these two variables, there is a strong positive correlation between time and temperature, which is visible on the scatter plot and trend line.

Example 2

(Scatter plot representing the rate of Cybercrime per 100,000 population as a function of the Growth Rate (%) in 2017-2018. The trend line rises slightly)

In reality, the relationship between two values is unlikely to be as obvious as the link between the amount of time in a kettle and water temperature. Let's look at a real life example that compares population growth with cybercrime in 2018. What does the scatterplot tell us? First, on the X-axis we see that, as the population growth rate values increase, so do the cybercrime rate values on the Y axis. This implies that we should have a positive correlation. At the same time, we noticed that the data points are well spread out. It's hard to draw a straight line through these data points, while keeping each data point close to the line. This would lead us to believe that there is not a strong correlation. To be sure, we decide to use software to calculate our correlation coefficient and we see that r equals 0.3, this signifies a weak positive correlation. Therefore, after visualizing the data and determining the correlation coefficient, we can conclude that in 2018, there was a weak positive correlation between population growth and cybercrime.

Knowledge check

(Scatter plot representing where the data points appear to decrease in value depending on the X-axis)

Let's take a break to test your knowledge about correlation. Take a look at the scatter plot on the right hand side of the slide. What is it telling us? Is there A) positive correlation between these two variables? B) A negative correlation? Or C) no correlation at all? The answer is B! This scatterplot is visualizing a strong negative correlation between these two variables.

Next, imagine that you are analyzing three pairs of variables. The correlation coefficient for these three pairs are -0.8; 0.03 and 0.42. Which r value indicates the strongest relationship? The answer is a), r equals -0.8. This indicates a strong negative relationship. The weakest of these three options is b), r equals 0.03, which indicates no relationship between the variables.

Correlation =/= Causality

Now, let's move on to causality. In fact, if there is one key message you take away from this video, let it be this: Correlation and causality, though sometimes use incorrectly as interchangeable concepts, are anything but. So far, we've learned that the correlation coefficient tells us how strongly a pair of variables are linearly related and change together. However, it does NOT tell us the reason why or how. Causality does. Causality is when there is a real world explanation for WHY this is logically happening. You may have also heard this referred to as "cause and effect".

Causality

Causality is a relationship between two events, or variables, in which one event or process causes an effect on the other event or process. For example, research tells us that there is a positive correlation between ice cream sales and sunburns. Meaning, as ice cream sales increase, so do instances of sunburns. But this doesn't mean that buying an ice cream cone causes a sunburn now does it? Of course not. Causality adds real world context and meaning to the correlation.

(Series of images showing that ice cream sales and the number of sunburns are correlated but that each is caused by the sun)

Causality refers to a relationship between two events, or variables, which has a valid explanation. Unlike correlation, with causality, this valid explanation turns possibility into actuality. To say something causes an effect on another variable means the result of one event is directly influenced by the other. Either the cause precedes the effect, or the effect changes when the cause changes. For example, dry, hot and sunny weather will cause people to buy more ice cream than in cold weather. Dry, hot and sunny weather will also cause an increase in sunburns when compared to colder, rainy weather. This can make it appear that buying ice cream causes sunburns, but this is just not true. When it comes to hot, sunny weather, ice cream sales and sunburns, all three are correlated, but the only causal relationships in this scenario are between the weather and ice cream sales and the weather and sunburnt people.

Beware the confirmation bias!

Similar to how the human mind loves to see patterns, it also tends to more easily accept evidence that agrees with existing beliefs, rather than that which refutes them. This is called confirmation bias. So, when analyzing your data, it is very important to scrutinize conclusions you like just as rigorously as ones you don't, in order to avoid claiming a causal relationship exists between two things when in fact, it does not.

How to determine a causal relationship

There isn't an easy statistical test to test for causal relationship, statistical confirmation of causality typically requires advanced modeling techniques. However, when trying to establish whether causality is present, typically, if the following 4 criteria are met, the greater the chance of causality between your two variables. First, just as with correlation, the two variables must vary together, meaning, a positive or negative correlation coefficient has been shown to exist. Next, that relationship must be plausible. And really, what this is saying is that the relationship needs to make sense. Third, the cause must precede the effect in time. Meaning, the cause must take place first, in order for the effect to occur. And finally, the relationship must not be due to a third variable. A relationship that appears to be between two variables but could also be explained by third is also referred to as spurious relationship. We previously saw this in our example referring to increased ice cream sales being correlated with increased instances of sunburns, but really, both increases were the effect of a third variable, the sun.

Knowledge check: Is this relationship causal?

(Scatter plot representing the hours before the person eats again based on the weight of the cake consumed (kg). The trend line is rising)

Now let's take a look at the scatter plot and try to determine whether or not there is a causal relationship between the amount of cake a person eats and how how full they feel, which we measure by the amount of time that passes before the person eats again. In this example, we will assume that all respondents are similar except for the amount of cake they have consumed. Think about the four criteria we just went through: do the two variables vary together? Is the relationship plausible? Does the cause precede the effect in time? And is the relationship due to a third variable?

(Text: Yes - r = 0.918; Yes - digestion processes; Yes - cake is eaten first; Not likely - if controlled for other food eaten)

After addressing the four criteria we established to help determine whether the relationship is causal, we have determined that first, the variables do indeed vary together. Yes, there is a plausible relationship. Yes, the cake is eaten first and that's what causes the effect of fullness. And, in this instance, it is unlikely that the feeling of fullness has been caused by third variable, since we have controlled for all non-cake-based foods.

The importance of knowing the difference

(Scatter plot representing the Grade Point Average (GPA) as a function of the years of music lesson. The trend line appears to be rising)

A common problem occurs when two correlated trends are presented as one phenomenon causing the other. For example, this scatter plot shows a relationship between taking music lessons and achieving a high grade point average, or GPA. The graph seems to indicate that there is a correlation between the years of music lessons and average GPA. But do music lessons directly impact or cause an increase in GPA? Social research shows these high performing students are also more likely to have grown up in an environment with large emphasis on education and the resources needed to succeed academically. It is therefore possible that these students would have higher academic achievements with or without music lessons, and that their socio-economic status would actually explain the relationship. So while music lessons and academic achievements are correlated, there are other factors that should prevent us from establishing causality.

Recap of key points

Here is a review of the key points we've covered in this video. First, correlation refers to the relationship between two variables. It is important to look for the existence, direction, and strength of the relationship. Then, we learned how to assess the strength and direction of a correlation by calculating the correlation coefficient, r. Data visualization also provides us with a quick way to identify correlations. Next, we explained how causality refers to a relationship between two events or variables, which has a valid explanation. And finally, it is important to remember that correlation does not always imply causation. Even if two variables are strongly correlated, it could just be a coincidence.

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Archived - 2020 Annual Survey of Research and Development in Canadian Industry Reporting Guide

Integrated Business Statistics Program (IBSP)

Reporting Guide

This guide is designed to assist you as you complete the 2020 Annual Survey of Research and Development in Canadian Industry. If you need more information, please call the Statistics Canada Help Line at the number below.

Help Line: 1-877-949-9492

Your answers are confidential.

Statistics Canada is prohibited by law from releasing any information it collects which could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent or as permitted by the Statistics Act.

Statistics Canada will use information from this survey for statistical purposes.

NOTE:

If this business performs in-house research and development (R&D) and outsources R&D, complete all questions.
If this business performs in-house R&D and does not outsource R&D, complete questions 1-5, 8-21.
If this business outsources R&D and does not perform in-house R&D, complete questions 1-3, 5-7, 12 & 16-21.
If this business does not perform in-house R&D and does not outsource R&D, complete questions 1-3, 5, 12, 16, 17 & 19-21.

Difference between Scientific Research and Experimental Development (SR&ED) tax incentive program and this survey

Include the following expenditures in this survey:

capital R&D expenditures
R&D expenditures in the social sciences and humanities
payments for R&D performed by other organizations outside Canada.

For this survey

'In-house R&D' refers to

Expenditures within Canada for R&D performed within this business by:

employees (permanent, temporary or casual)
self-employed individuals or contractors who are working on-site on this business's R&D projects.

'Outsourced R&D' refers to

Payments made within or outside Canada to other businesses, organizations or individuals to fund R&D performance:

grants
fellowships
contracts.

Reporting period information

Here are some examples of fiscal periods that fall within the targeted dates:

May 1, 2019 to April 30, 2020
July 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020
October 1, 2018 to September 30, 2020
January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020
February 1, 2020 to January 31, 2021
April 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021

Here are other examples of fiscal periods that fall within the targeted dates:

September 18, 2019 to September 15, 2020 (e.g., floating year-end)
June 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020 (e.g., a newly opened business)

Definitions and Concepts

Research and experimental development (R&D) comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge – including knowledge of humankind, culture and society – and to devise new applications of available knowledge.

R&D is performed in the natural sciences, engineering, social sciences and humanities. There are three types of R&D activities: basic research, applied research and experimental development.

Activities included and excluded from R&D

Inclusions

Prototypes

Include design, construction and operation of prototypes, provided that the primary objective is to make further improvements or to undertake technical testing. Exclude if the prototype is for commercial purposes.

Pilot plants

Include construction and operation of pilot plants, provided that the primary objective is to make further improvements or to undertake technical testing. Exclude if the pilot plant is intended to be operated for commercial purposes.

New computer software or significant improvements/modifications to existing computer software

Includes technological or scientific advances in theoretical computer sciences; operating systems e.g., improvement in interface management, developing new operating system or converting an existing operating system to a significantly different hardware environment, programming languages, and applications if a significant technological change occurs.

Contracts

Include all contracts which require R&D. For contracts which include other work, report only the R&D costs.

Research work in the social sciences

Include if projects are employing new or significantly different modelling techniques or developing new formulae, analyzing data not previously available or applying new research techniques, development of community strategies for disease prevention, or health education.

Exclude:

routine analytical projects using standard techniques and existing data
routine market research
routine statistical analysis intended for on-going monitoring of an activity.

Exclusions

Routine analysis in the social sciences including policy-related studies, management studies and efficiency studies

Exclude analytical projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies, principles and models of the related social sciences to bear on a particular problem (e.g., commentary on the probable economic effects of a change in the tax structure, using existing economic data; use of standard techniques in applied psychology to select and classify industrial and military personnel, students, etc., and to test children with reading or other disabilities).

Consumer surveys, advertising, market research

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for commercialization of the results of R&D.

Routine quality control and testing

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies not intended to create new knowledge, even if carried out by personnel normally engaged in R&D.

Pre-production activities such as demonstration of commercial viability, tooling up, trial production, and trouble shooting

Although R&D may be required as a result of these steps, these activities are excluded.

Prospecting, exploratory drilling, development of mines, oil or gas wells

Include only if for R&D projects concerned with new equipment or techniques in these activities, such as in-situ and tertiary recovery research.

Engineering

Exclude engineering unless it is in direct support of R&D.

Design and drawing

Exclude design and drawing unless it is in direct support of R&D.

Patent and license work

Exclude all administrative and legal work connected with patents and licenses.

Cosmetic modifications or style changes to existing products

Exclude if no significant technical improvement or modification to the existing products has occurred.

General purpose or routine data collection

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for on-going monitoring of an activity.

Routine computer programming, systems maintenance or software application

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended to support on-going operations.

Routine mathematical or statistical analysis or operations analysis

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for on-going monitoring of an activity.

Activities associated with standards compliance

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended to support standards compliance.

Specialized routine medical care such as routine pathology services

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for on-going monitoring of an activity.

In-house R&D expenditures within Canada (Q4 - Q7)

In-house R&D expenditures are composed of current in-house R&D expenditures and capital in-house R&D expenditures.

Current in-house R&D expenditures

Include:

wages, salaries, benefits and fringe benefits, materials and supplies
services to support R&D, including on-site R&D consultants and contactors
necessary background literature
minor scientific equipment
associated administrative overhead costs.

a. Wages, salaries of permanent, temporary and casual R&D employees

Include benefits and fringe benefits of employees engaged in R&D activities. Benefits and fringe benefits include bonus payments, holiday or vacation pay, pension fund contributions, other social security payments, payroll taxes, etc.

b. Services to support R&D

Include:

payments to on-site R&D consultants and contractors working under the direct control of your business
other services including indirect services purchased to support in-house R&D such as security, storage, repair, maintenance and use of buildings and equipment
computer services, software licensing fees and dissemination of R&D findings.

c. R&D materials

Include:

water, fuel, gas and electricity
materials for creation of prototypes
reference materials (books, journals, etc.)
subscriptions to libraries and data bases, memberships to scientific societies, etc.
cost of outsourced (contracted out or granted) small R&D prototypes or R&D models
materials for laboratories (chemicals, animals, etc.)
all other R&D-related materials.

d. All other current R&D costs including overhead

Include administrative and overhead costs (e.g., office, post and telecommunications, internet, insurance), prorated if necessary to allow for non-R&D activities within the business.

Exclude:

interest charges
value-added taxes (goods and services tax (GST) or harmonized sales tax (HST)).

Capital in-house R&D expenditures

Capital in-house R&D expenditures are the annual gross amount paid for the acquisition of fixed assets that are used repeatedly, or continuously in the performance of R&D for more than one year. Report capital in-house R&D expenditures in full for the period when they occurred.

Include costs for software, land, buildings and structures, equipment, machinery and other capital costs.

Exclude capital depreciation.

e. Software

Include applications and systems software (original, customized and off-the-shelf software), supporting documentation and other software-related acquisitions.

f. Land acquired for R&D including testing grounds, sites for laboratories and pilot plants.

g. Buildings and structures that are constructed or purchased for R&D activities or that have undergone major improvements, modifications, renovations and repairs for R&D activities.

h. Equipment, machinery and all other capital

Include major equipment, machinery and instruments, including embedded software, acquired for R&D activities.

Outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures (Q8 - Q11)

Include payments made through contracts, grants donations and fellowships to another company, organization or individual to purchase or fund R&D activities.

Exclude expenditures for on-site R&D contractors.

Parent and subsidiary companies are companies connected to each other through majority ownership of the subsidiary company by the parent company. Affiliated companies are companies connected to a parent through minority ownership of the affiliated companies by the parent.
Companies include all incorporated for-profit businesses and government business enterprises providing products in the market at market rates.
Private non-profit organizations include voluntary health organizations, private philanthropic foundations, associations and societies and research institutes. They are not-for-profit organizations that serve the public interest by supporting activities related to public welfare (such as health, education, the environment).
Industrial research institutes or associations include all non-profit organizations that serve the business sector, with industrial associations frequently consisting of their membership.
Federal government includes all federal government departments and agencies. It excludes federal government business enterprises providing products in the market.
Provincial or territorial governments include all provincial or territorial government ministries, departments and agencies. It excludes provincial or territorial government business enterprises providing products in the market.
Provincial or territorial research organizations are organizations created under provincial or territorial law which conduct or facilitate research on behalf of the province or territory.
Other organizations – individuals, non-university educational institutions, foreign governments including ministries, departments and agencies of foreign governments.

Sources of funds for in-house R&D expenditures in 2020 (Q16)

Include Canadian and foreign sources.

Exclude:

payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 9
capital depreciation.

Funds from this business
Amount contributed by this business to R&D performed within Canada (include amounts eligible for income tax purposes, e.g., Scientific Research and Experimental Development (SR&ED) program, other amounts spent for projects not claimed through SR&ED, and funds for land, buildings, machinery and equipment (capital expenditures) purchased for R&D).
Funds from parent, affiliated and subsidiary companies
Amount received from parent, affiliated and subsidiary companies used to perform R&D within Canada (include amounts eligible for income tax purposes, e.g., Scientific Research and Experimental Development (SR&ED) program, other amounts spent for projects not claimed through SR&ED, and funds for land, buildings, machinery and equipment (capital expenditures) purchased for R&D).
Federal government grants or funding
Funds received from the federal government in support of R&D activities not connected to a specific contractual deliverable.
Federal government contracts
Funds received from the federal government in support of R&D activities connected to a specific contractual deliverable.
R&D contract work for other companies
Funds received from other companies to perform R&D on their behalf.
Provincial or territorial government grants or funding
Funds received from the provincial or territorial government in support of R&D activities not connected to a specific contractual deliverable.
Provincial or territorial government contracts
Funds received from the provincial or territorial government in support of R&D activities connected to a specific contractual deliverable.
R&D contract work for private non-profit organizations
Funds received from non-profit organizations to perform R&D on their behalf.
Other sources
Funds received from all other sources not previously classified.

Fields of R&D for in-house R&D expenditures within Canada in 2020 (Q18)

Exclude:

payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 9
capital depreciation.

Natural and formal sciences

Mathematics, physical sciences, chemical sciences, earth and related environmental sciences, biological sciences, other natural sciences.

Exclude computer sciences, information sciences and bioinformatics (to be reported at lines s. and t.)

Mathematics: pure mathematics, applied mathematics, statistics and probability.
Physical sciences: atomic, molecular and chemical physics, interaction with radiation, magnetic resonances, condensed matter physics, solid state physics and superconductivity, particles and fields physics, nuclear physics, fluids and plasma physics (including surface physics), optics (including laser optics and quantum optics), acoustics, astronomy (including astrophysics, space science).
Chemical sciences: organic chemistry, inorganic and nuclear chemistry, physical chemistry, polymer science and plastics, electrochemistry (dry cells, batteries, fuel cells, metal corrosion, electrolysis), colloid chemistry, analytical chemistry.
Earth and related environmental sciences: geosciences, geophysics, mineralogy and palaeontology, geochemistry and geophysics, physical geography, geology and volcanology, environmental sciences, meteorology, atmospheric sciences and climatic research, oceanography, hydrology and water resources.
Biological sciences: cell biology, microbiology and virology, biochemistry, molecular biology and biochemical research, mycology, biophysics, genetics and heredity (medical genetics under medical biotechnology), reproductive biology (medical aspects under medical biotechnology), developmental biology, plant sciences and botany, zoology, ornithology, entomology and behavioural sciences biology, marine biology, freshwater biology and limnology, ecology and biodiversity conservation, biology (theoretical, thermal, cryobiology, biological rhythm), evolutionary biology.
Other natural sciences: other natural sciences.

Engineering and Technology

Civil engineering, electrical engineering, electronic engineering and communications technology, mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, materials engineering, medical engineering, environmental engineering, environmental biotechnology, industrial biotechnology, nanotechnology, other engineering and technologies.

Exclude software engineering and technology (to be reported at line r).

Civil engineering: civil engineering, architecture engineering, municipal and structural engineering, transport engineering.
Electrical engineering, electronic engineering and communications technology: electrical and electronic engineering, robotics and automatic control, micro-electronics, semiconductors, automation and control systems, communication engineering and systems, telecommunications, computer hardware and architecture.
Mechanical engineering: mechanical engineering, applied mechanics, thermodynamics, aerospace engineering, nuclear-related engineering (nuclear physics under Physical sciences), acoustical engineering, reliability analysis and non-destructive testing, automotive and transportation engineering and manufacturing, tooling, machinery and equipment engineering and manufacturing, heating, ventilation and air conditioning engineering and manufacturing.
Chemical engineering: chemical engineering (plants, products), chemical process engineering.
Materials engineering: materials engineering and metallurgy, ceramics, coating and films (including packaging and printing), plastics, rubber and composites (including laminates and reinforced plastics), paper and wood and textiles, construction materials (organic and inorganic).
Medical engineering: medical and biomedical engineering, medical laboratory technology (excluding biomaterials, which should be reported under Industrial biotechnology).
Environmental engineering: environmental and geological engineering, petroleum engineering (fuel, oils), energy and fuels, remote sensing, mining and mineral processing, marine engineering, sea vessels and ocean engineering.
Environmental biotechnology: environmental biotechnology, bioremediation, diagnostic biotechnologies in environmental management (DNA chips and bio-sensing devices).
Industrial biotechnology: industrial biotechnology, bioprocessing technologies, biocatalysis and fermentation bioproducts (products that are manufactured using biological material as feedstock), biomaterials (bioplastics, biofuels, bioderived bulk and fine chemicals, bio-derived materials).
Nanotechnology: nano-materials (production and properties), nano-processes (applications on nano-scale).
Other engineering and technologies: food and beverages, oenology, other engineering and technologies.

Software-related sciences and technology

Software engineering and technology, computer sciences, information technology and bioinformatics.

Software engineering and technology: computer software engineering, computer software technology, and other related computer software engineering and technologies.
Computer sciences: computer science, artificial intelligence, cryptography, and other related computer sciences.
Information technology and bioinformatics: information technology, informatics, bioinformatics, biomathematics, and other related information technologies.

Medical and health sciences

Basic medicine, clinical medicine, health sciences, medical biotechnology, other medical sciences.

Basic medicine: anatomy and morphology (plant science under Biological science), human genetics, immunology, neurosciences, pharmacology and pharmacy and medicinal chemistry, toxicology, physiology and cytology, pathology.
Clinical medicine: andrology, obstetrics and gynaecology, paediatrics, cardiac and cardiovascular systems, haematology, anaesthesiology, orthopaedics, radiology and nuclear medicine, dentistry, oral surgery and medicine, dermatology, venereal diseases and allergy, rheumatology, endocrinology and metabolism and gastroenterology, urology and nephrology, and oncology.
Health sciences: health care sciences and nursing, nutrition and dietetics, parasitology, infectious diseases and epidemiology, occupational health.
Medical biotechnology: health-related biotechnology, technologies involving the manipulation of cells, tissues, organs or the whole organism, technologies involving identifying the functioning of DNA, proteins and enzymes, pharmacogenomics, gene-based therapeutics, biomaterials (related to medical implants, devices, sensors).
Other medical sciences: forensic science, other medical sciences.

Agricultural Sciences

Agriculture, forestry and fisheries sciences, animal and dairy sciences, veterinary sciences, agricultural biotechnology, other agricultural sciences.

Agriculture, forestry and fisheries sciences: agriculture, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, soil science, horticulture, viticulture, agronomy, plant breeding and plant protection.
Animal and dairy sciences: animal and dairy science, animal husbandry.
Veterinary sciences: veterinary science (all).
Agricultural biotechnology: agricultural biotechnology and food biotechnology, genetically modified (GM) organism technology and livestock cloning, diagnostics (DNA chips and biosensing devices), biomass feedstock production technologies and biopharming.
Other agricultural sciences: other agricultural sciences.

Social sciences and humanities

Psychology, educational sciences, economics and business, other social sciences, humanities.

Psychology: cognitive psychology and psycholinguistics, experimental psychology, psychometrics and quantitative psychology, and other fields of psychology.
Educational sciences: education, training and other related educational sciences.
Economics and business: micro-economics, macro-economics, econometrics, labour economics, financial economics, business economics, entrepreneurial and business administration, management and operations, management sciences, finance and all other related fields of economics and business.
Other social sciences: anthropology (social and cultural) and ethnology, demography, geography (human, economic and social), planning (town, city and country), management, organization and methods (excluding market research unless new methods/techniques are developed), law, linguistics, political sciences, sociology, miscellaneous social sciences and interdisciplinary, and methodological and historical science and technology activities relating to subjects in this group.
Humanities: history (history, prehistory and history, together with auxiliary historical disciplines such as archaeology, numismatics, palaeography, genealogy, etc.), languages and literature (ancient and modern), other humanities (philosophy (including the history of science and technology)), arts (history of art, art criticism, painting, sculpture, musicology, dramatic art excluding artistic "research" of any kind), religion, theology, other fields and subjects pertaining to the humanities, and methodological, historical and other science and technology activities relating to the subjects in this group.

In-house R&D personnel in 2020 (Q70 - Q72)

Include:

permanent, temporary and casual R&D employees
independent on-site R&D consultants and contractors working in your business's offices, laboratories, or other facilities
employees engaged in R&D-related support activities.

Researchers and research managers are composed of:

Scientists, social scientists, engineers and researchers are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge. They conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models, techniques instrumentation, software or operational methods. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.
Senior research managers plan or manage R&D projects and programs. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.

R&D technical, administrative and support staff are composed of:

Technicians and technologists and research assistants are persons whose main tasks require technical knowledge and experience in one or more fields of engineering, the physical and life sciences, or the social sciences, humanities and the arts. They participate in R&D by performing scientific and technical tasks involving the application of concepts, operational methods and the use of research equipment, normally under the supervision of researchers. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.
Other R&D technical, administrative support staff include skilled and unskilled craftsmen, and administrative, secretarial and clerical staff participating in R&D projects or directly associated with such projects.

On-site R&D consultants and contractors are individuals hired 1) to perform project-based work or to provide goods at a fixed or ascertained price or within a certain time or 2) to provide advice or services in a specialized field for a fee and, in both cases, work at the location specified and controlled by the contracting company or organization.

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

R&D may be carried out by persons who work solely on R&D projects or by persons who devote only part of their time to R&D, and the balance to other activities such as testing, quality control and production engineering. To arrive at the total effort devoted to R&D in terms of personnel, it is necessary to estimate the full-time equivalent of these persons working only part-time in R&D.

Full-time equivalent (FTE) = Number of persons who work solely on R&D projects + the time of persons working only part of their time on R&D.

Example calculation: If out of four scientists engaged in R&D work, one works solely on R&D projects and the remaining three devote only one quarter of their working time to R&D, then: FTE = 1 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 = 1.75 scientists.

Technology and technical assistant payments in 2020 (Q73 - Q75)

Definitions (equivalent to the Canadian Intellectual Property Office: Canadian Intellectual Property Office)

Patent
Government grant giving the right to exclude others from making, using or selling an invention.
Copyright
Legal protection for literary, artistic, dramatic or musical works, computer programs, performer's performances, sound recordings, and communication signals.
Trademark
A word, symbol or design, or combination of these, used to distinguish goods or services of one person or organization from those of others in the marketplace.
Industrial design
Legal protection against imitation of the shape, pattern, or ornamentation of an object.
Integrated circuit topography
Three-dimensional configurations of the elements and interconnections embodied in an integrated circuit product.
Original software
Computer programs and descriptive materials for both systems and applications. Original software can be created in-house or outsourced and includes packaged software with customization.
Packaged or off-the-shelf software
Packaged software purchased for organizational use and excludes software with customization.
Databases
Data files organized to permit effective access and use of the data.
Other
Technical assistance, industrial processes and know-how.

Energy-related R&D by area of technology (Q22 - Q69)

Fossil Fuels

Crude oils and natural gas exploration, crude oils and natural gas production, oil sands and heavy crude oils surface and sub-surface production and separation of the bitumen, tailings management, refining, processing and upgrading, coal production, separation and processing, transportation of fossil fuels.

Crude oils and natural gas exploration
Include development of advanced exploration methods (geophysical, geochemical, seismic, magnetic) for on-shore and off-shore prospecting.
Crude oil and natural gas production and storage, include enhanced recovery natural gas production
Include on-shore and off-shore deep drilling equipment and techniques for conventional oil and gas, secondary and tertiary recovery of oil and gas, hydro fracturing techniques, processing and cleaning of raw product, storage on remote platforms (e.g., Arctic, off-shore), safety aspects of offshore platforms.
Oil sands and heavy crude oils surface and sub-surface production and separation of the bitumen, tailings management
Include surface and in-situ production (e.g., SAGD), tailings management.
Refining, processing and upgrading of fossil fuels
Include processing of natural gas to pipeline specifications, and refining of conventional crude oils to refined petroleum products (RPPs), and the upgrading of bitumen and heavy oils either to synthetic crude oil or to RPPs. Upgrading may be done at an oil sands plant, regional merchant upgraders or integrated into a refinery producing RPPs.
Coal production, separation and processing
Include coal, lignite and peat exploration, deposit evaluation techniques, mining techniques, separation techniques, coking and blending, other processing such as coal to liquids, underground (in-situ) gasification.
Transportation of fossil fuels
Include transport of gaseous, liquid and solid hydrocarbons via pipelines (land and submarine) and their network evaluation, safety aspects of LNG transport and storage.

Renewable energy resources

Solar photovoltaics (PV), solar thermal-power and high-temperature applications, solar heating and cooling, wind energy, bio-energy – biomass production, bio-energy – biomass conversion to fuels, bio-energy – biomass conversion to heat and electricity, other bio-energy, small hydro (less than 10 MW), large hydro (greater than or equal to 10 MW), other renewable energy.

Solar photovoltaics (PV)
Include solar cell development, PV-module development, PV-inverter development, building-integrated PV-modules, PV-system development, other.
Solar thermal-power and high-temperature applications
Include solar chemistry, concentrating collector development, solar thermal power plants, high-temperature applications for heat and power.
Solar heating and cooling
Include daylighting, passive and active solar heating and cooling, collector development, hot water preparation, combined-space heating, solar architecture, solar drying, solar-assisted ventilation, swimming pool heating, low-temperature process heating, other.
Wind energy
Include technology development, such as blades, turbines, converters structures, system integration, other.
Bio-energy – Biomass production and transport
Include improvement of energy crops, research on bio-energy production potential and associated land-use effects, supply and transport of bio-solids, bio-liquids, biogas and bio-derived energy products (e.g., ethanol, biodiesel), compacting and baling, other.
Bio-energy – Biomass conversion to transportation fuel
Include conventional bio-fuels, cellulosic-derived alcohols, biomass gas-to-liquids, other energy-related products and by-products.
Bio-energy – Biomass conversion to heat and electricity
Include bio-based heat, electricity and combined heat and power (CHP), exclude multi-firing with fossil fuels.
Other bio-energy
Include recycling and the use of municipal, industrial and agricultural waste as energy not covered elsewhere.
Small hydro – (less than 10 MW)
Include plants with capacity below 10 MW.
Large hydro – (greater than or equal to 10 MW)
Include plants with capacity of 10 MW and above.
Other renewable energy
Include hot dry rock, hydro-thermal, geothermal heat applications (including agriculture), tidal power, wave energy, ocean current power, ocean thermal power, other.

Nuclear fission and fusion

Materials exploration, mining and preparation, tailings management, nuclear reactors, other fission, fusion.

Nuclear materials exploration, mining and preparation, tailings management
Include development of advanced exploration methods (geophysical, geochemical) for prospecting, ore surface and in-situ production, uranium and thorium extraction and conversion, enrichment, handling of tailings and remediation.
Nuclear reactors
Include nuclear reactors of all types and related system components.
Other fission
Include nuclear safety, environmental protection (emission reduction or avoidance), radiation protection and decommissioning of power plants and related nuclear fuel cycle installations, nuclear waste treatment, disposal and storage, fissile material recycling, fissile materials control, transport of radioactive materials.
Fusion
Include all types (e.g., magnetic confinement, laser applications).

Electric Power

Generation in utility sector, combined heat and power in industry and in buildings, electricity transmission, distribution and storage of electricity.

Electric power generation in utility sector
Include conventional and non-conventional technology (e.g., pulverised coal, fluidised bed, gasification-combined cycle, supercritical), re-powering, retrofitting, life extensions and upgrading of power plants, generators and components, super-conductivity, magneto hydrodynamic, dry cooling towers, co-firing (e.g., with biomass), air and thermal pollution reduction or avoidance, flue gas cleanup (excluding CO2 removal), CHP (combined heat and power) not covered elsewhere.
Electric power - combined heat and power in industry, buildings
Include industrial applications, small scale applications for buildings.
Electricity transmission, distribution and storage
Include solid state power electronics, load management and control systems, network problems, super-conducting cables, AC and DC high voltage cables, HVDC transmission, other transmission and distribution related to integrating distributed and intermittent generating sources into networks, all storage (e.g., batteries, hydro reservoirs, fly wheels), other.

Hydrogen and fuel cells

Hydrogen production for process applications, hydrogen production for transportation applications, hydrogen transport and storage, other hydrogen, fuel cells, both stationary and mobile.

Hydrogen production for process applications
Hydrogen production for transportation applications
Hydrogen transport and storage
Other hydrogen
Include end uses (e.g., combustion), other infrastructure and systems R&D (refuelling stations).
Stationary fuel cells
Include electricity generation, other stationary end-use.
Mobile fuel cells
Include portable applications.

Energy efficiency

Industry, residential and commercial, transportation, other energy efficiency.

Energy efficiency applications for industry
Include reduction of energy consumption through improved use of energy and/or reduction or avoidance of air and other emissions related to the use of energy in industrial systems and processes (excluding bio-energy-related) through the development of new techniques, new processes and new equipment, other.
Energy efficiency for residential, institutional and commercial sectors
Include space heating and cooling, ventilation and lighting control systems other than solar technologies, low energy housing design and performance other than solar technologies, new insulation and building materials, thermal performance of buildings, domestic appliances, other.
Energy efficiency for transportation
Includes analysis and optimisation of energy consumption in the transport sector, efficiency improvements in light-duty vehicles, heavy-duty vehicles, non-road vehicles, public transport systems, engine-fuel optimisation, use of alternative fuels (liquid and gaseous, other than hydrogen), fuel additives, diesel engines, Stirling motors, electric cars, hybrid cars, air emission reduction, other.
Other energy efficiency
Include waste heat utilisation (heat maps, process integration, total energy systems, low temperature thermodynamic cycles), district heating, heat pump development, reduction of energy consumption in the agricultural sector.

Other energy-related technologies

Carbon capture, transportation and storage for fossil fuel production and processing, electric power generation, industry in end-use sector, energy systems analysis, all other energy-related technologies.

Carbon capture, transport and storage related to fossil fuel production and processing
Carbon capture, transport and storage related to electric power production
Carbon capture, transport and storage related to industry in end-use sector
Include industry in the end-use sector, such as steel production, manufacturing, etc. (exclude fossil fuel production and processing and electric power production).
Energy system analysis
Include system analysis related to energy R&D not covered elsewhere, sociological, economical and environmental impact of energy which are not specifically related to one technology area listed in the sections above.
All other energy technologies
Include energy technology information dissemination, studies not related to a specific technology area listed above.

Environmental and clean technology products in 2020

Air pollution management

Activities aimed at reducing the emissions of pollutants (including greenhouse gases) to the atmosphere. Include pollution abatement and control (e.g., end-of-pipe processes) and pollution prevention (e.g., integrated processes), as well as related measurement, control, laboratories and the like.

Solid waste management

Activities related to the collection, treatment, storage, disposal, and recycling of all domestic, industrial, non-hazardous and hazardous waste (including low-level radioactive waste). Include monitoring activities. Exclude radioactive waste and mine tailings handling and treatment (to be reported under Protection against radiation and Wastewater management, respectively).

Wastewater management

Activities aimed at pollution reduction or prevention through the abatement of pollutants or the reduction of the release of wastewater. Include measures aimed at reducing pollutants before discharge, reducing the release of wastewater, septic tanks, treatment of cooling water, handling and treatment of mine tailings, etc.

Protection and remediation of soil, groundwater and surface water

Activities aimed at the prevention of pollution infiltration: remediation or cleaning up of soils and water bodies; protection of soil from erosion, salinization and physical degradation; monitoring, control, laboratories and the like. Exclude management of wastewater released to surface waters, municipal sewer systems or soil, or injected underground (to be reported under Wastewater management) and protection of biodiversity and habitat (to be reported under Protection of biodiversity and habitat).

Protection of biodiversity and habitat

Activities related to protecting wildlife and habitat from the effects of economic activity, and to restoring wildlife or habitat that has been adversely affected by such activity. Include related environmental measurements, monitoring, control, laboratories and the like.

Noise and vibration abatement

Activities aimed at controlling or reducing industrial and transport noise and vibration for the sole purpose of protecting the environment. Include preventive in-process modifications at the source, construction of anti-noise/vibration facilities, measurement, control, laboratories and the like.

Protection against radiation

Activities aimed at preventing, reducing, or eliminating the negative consequences of radiation on the environment. This includes all handling, transportation, and treatment of radioactive waste (i.e. waste that requires shielding during normal handling and transportation due to high radionuclide content), the protection of ambient media, measurement, control, laboratories and the like, as well as any other activities related to the containment of radioactive waste. Exclude activities and measures related to low-level radioactive waste (to be reported under Solid waste management), the prevention of technological hazards (e.g., external safety of nuclear power plants), and measures taken to protect workers.

Heat or energy savings and management

Activities aimed at reducing the intake of energy through in-process modifications (such as adjustment of production processes or heat and electricity co-generation), as well as reducing heat and energy losses. This includes insulation activities, energy recovery, measurement, control, laboratories and the like.

Renewable energy

Energy obtained from resources that naturally replenish or renew within a human lifespan (i.e. the resource is a sustainable source of energy). This includes wind, solar, aero-thermal, geothermal, hydrothermal and ocean energy, hydropower, biomass, landfill gas, sewage treatment plant gas and biogases.

Legacy Content

Introduction

Statistics Canada has implemented an Electronic File Transfer (EFT) service (available on the Internet only) to enable organizations outside of Statistics Canada to exchange electronic files in a secure manner using the Internet. The RTRA makes use of this application to receive and disseminate files to external users. Login to the EFT and submit programs.

Estimation

Users must include the relevant weight variable in their program. Weights themselves cannot be accessed directly. The Real Time Remote Access (RTRA) system will provide users with indicators of data quality for surveys that have bootstrap weights associated with the files. "Bootstrap" weights themselves are not accessible to the RTRA user.

Disclosure control

Data is protected by a method of controlled rounding. Only weighted data can be produced. Minimum threshold suppression rules do not apply to RTRA [not true for Mean].

Details on master file

Users interested in obtaining more detailed information regarding master files can view the Real Time Remote Access Data page. File names, deleted variables, renamed variables and the applied rounding base are given for each survey. All unique record identifiers are named 'ID'. Only RTRA account holders are able to download this document through their electronic file transfer account.

Dummy codebooks and datasets

RTRA account holders have access to dummy datasets and codebooks that do not contain frequency counts. To access survey metadata, users should search in the Survey Documentation section of their DAD_RTRA_REP_ADTR_DAD folder on the Electronic File Transfer site. If you have difficulty accessing RTRA products, please contact the RTRA team.

Results

Warning! Results from RTRA may differ from those obtained from other sources.

RTRA SAS program submissions

RTRA is designed for analysts who are capable of programming SAS. The user is fully and entirely responsible for developing and testing his/her programs before submission.

Project relevance

As per the terms and conditions agreed to by researchers‚ any submissions must be directly related to the application submitted to Statistics Canada. Periodic reviews will be conducted on submitted programs to ensure that this condition is met. Researchers must follow the terms and conditions for the RTRA system in their application.

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Date modified:: 2023-09-20

Monthly Survey of Manufacturing: National Level CVs by Characteristic - February 2021

National Level CVs by Characteristic
Month	Sales of goods manufactured	Raw materialsand components inventories	Goods / work inprocess inventories	Finished goods manufactured inventories	Unfilled Orders
Month	%
February 2020	0.63	1.02	1.22	1.36	1.08
March 2020	0.68	0.99	1.17	1.41	1.10
April 2020	0.87	0.99	1.20	1.41	1.10
May 2020	0.80	1.04	1.13	1.37	1.06
June 2020	0.69	1.05	1.19	1.38	1.06
July 2020	0.69	1.02	1.15	1.43	1.10
August 2020	0.64	1.05	1.23	1.50	1.20
September 2020	0.67	1.05	1.22	1.54	1.20
October 2020	0.69	1.02	1.18	1.53	1.15
November 2020	0.72	1.09	1.20	1.46	1.33
December2020	0.69	1.04	1.22	1.46	1.37
January 2021	0.80	1.00	1.23	1.58	1.49
February 2021	0.76	1.00	1.53	1.68	1.37

Monthly Survey of Manufacturing: National Weighted Rates by Source and Characteristic - February 2021

Text Table 2: National Weighted Rates by Source and Characteristic, February 2021
	Data source
	Response or edited	Imputed
	%
Sales of goods manufactured	83.3	16.7
Raw materials and components	76.1	23.9
Goods / work in process	74.5	25.5
Finished goods manufactured	77.9	22.1
Unfilled Orders	83.5	16.5
Capacity utilization rates	65.7	34.3

Legacy Content

Canadian COVID-19 Antibody and Health Survey
COVID-19 Antibodies: Frequently asked questions

1. What do the results mean?

1. What do the results mean?

DBS
- Positive – you were likely exposed to the COVID-19 virus or received the vaccine, and your body made antibodies against the virus.
- Negative – antibodies against the COVID-19 virus were not found in your blood.
- Inconclusive – your test result does not tell us if you have or do not have antibodies against the COVID-19 virus. This may be due to a problem with the test.
PCR-Saliva test

Positive – RNA specific to the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19 infection was detected in your saliva specimen.

Negative – RNA specific to the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19 infection was not detected in your saliva specimen.

Inconclusive – Your test result does not tell us if you have or do not have RNA specific to the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19 infection in your saliva specimen. This may be due to a problem with the test.

If you have questions about the results of your test(s), please speak with your health care provider.
2. If my COVID-19 antibody and/or PCR-saliva result is positive, do I need to do anything?

2. If my COVID-19 antibody and/or PCR-saliva result is positive, do I need to do anything?

DBS

No, you don't need to do anything. A positive result tells you about an infection that happened in the past or that you received the vaccine. It does not mean you are currently infected. Please continue to follow public health measures.

PCR Saliva Test

A positive result tells you about an active COVID-19 infection at the time you provided your saliva specimen. Even if you tested negative for the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19 infection, you should still follow all recommendations from Public Health on how to keep yourself and others safe.
3. How accurate is the DBS test?

3. How accurate is the DBS test?

From our experience with the tests so far, positive results are correct approximately 95% of the time. Negative results are correct approximately 99% of the time. No laboratory test is perfect.
4. What is the benefit of having antibodies to COVID-19?

4. What is the benefit of having antibodies to COVID-19?

At this time, there are known benefits to having antibodies to the COVID-19 virus, but experts are not sure how long the antibodies last or if they offer protection against future COVID-19 infections. More research is being done around the world, including in Canada, to try to answer these questions
5. If I have antibodies can I get COVID-19 again?

5. If I have antibodies can I get COVID-19 again?

We don't know yet. For some infections, having antibodies protects people from getting the infection again. For other infections, it doesn't. More research is being done around the world to try to answer these questions.
6. Why do some people have a positive DBS test and others have a negative DBS test?

6. Why do some people have a positive DBS test and others have a negative DBS test?

Some people may be more likely to get infected than others. This may depend on the amount of virus they were exposed to. People who become infected may make different amounts of antibodies. If a person only makes a very small amount of antibodies, the test may not be able to measure it. Whether a person who gets infected shows symptoms or not depends on age, underlying health conditions, and other factors that we are still learning about.
7. What does it mean if I tested positive for COVID-19 from the saliva PCR test but my antibody test is negative?

7. What does it mean if I tested positive for COVID-19 from the saliva PCR test but my antibody test is negative?

Different people produce different amounts of antibodies. If you had a positive result from the saliva PCR test but a negative antibody test now, this may be because you did not produce a lot of antibodies to the infection. This does not mean that your saliva PCR test result was wrong.
8. What does it mean if I tested negative from the saliva PCR test but my antibody test is positive?

8. What does it mean if I tested negative from the saliva PCR test but my antibody test is positive?

The saliva PCR test may have been done when the virus was not present in your saliva, so the virus was not detected. A positive antibody test result shows that you were exposed to the virus or received the vaccine, and your body made antibodies. It does not tell you about how the virus has affected you.
9. What should I do if I have questions about my test results?

9. What should I do if I have questions about my test results?

If you have any questions or concerns about your test results, we recommend you talk to your health care provider.
10. Do I still need to get vaccinated even if my results show I tested positive for COVID-19 antibodies?

10. Do I still need to get vaccinated even if my results show I tested positive for COVID-19 antibodies?

Yes. Those who have tested positive for COVID-19 antibodies should still be vaccinated. At this time, experts do not know how long someone might be protected from getting sick again after recovering from COVID-19.
11. I received my vaccine but received a negative antibody result. What does this mean?

11. I received my vaccine but received a negative antibody result. What does this mean?

This could mean that you received your vaccine after you performed the dried blood spot test, or you performed the test soon after receiving the vaccine which didn't allow your body enough time to produce a sufficient amount of antibodies to be detected in the test. These are two possibilities, among others.
12. Where can I find more information on the Canadian COVID-19 Antibody and Health Survey (CCAHS)?

11. Where can I find more information on the Canadian COVID-19 Antibody and Health Survey (CCAHS)?

For more information on the CCAHS, please visit our website at Canadian COVID-19 Antibody and Health Survey (CCAHS).
13. Can participants withdraw their consent to the storage of their biospecimens in the Biobank?

13. Can participants withdraw their consent to the storage of their biospecimens in the Biobank?

Yes. During sample collection, participants are asked whether they consent to the storage of their samples. At any time, during or after sample submission, participants can ask to have their samples removed from storage and destroyed by calling 1-888-253-1087, or by email to statcan.biobankinfo-infobiobanque.statcan@statcan.gc.ca
14. What kind of analyses are performed on samples stored at the Biobank?

14. What kind of analyses are performed on samples stored at the Biobank?

Samples stored at the Statistics Canada Biobank are used in health studies. Health studies include:
- Research looking for past exposures to new environmental contaminants
- New ways to monitor human nutrition
- Past prevalence of infectious diseases, discovery, and validation of new biomarkers to diagnose diseases
- Genetic research to assess the health status and susceptibility of Canadians to diseases, infections, or exposures to environmental contaminants.
15. Will my dried blood spot and saliva samples be used in genetic testing?

15. Will my dried blood spot and saliva samples be used in genetic testing?

Yes, it is possible that your sample will used for genetic testing. Genetic testing could include genome wide association studies, or genotyping.

Two Biobank projects have used genetic information from Biobank samples to link genetic data to health status outcomes. The first project, completed by the Public Health Agency of Canada, looked at how differences in the genetic code between Canadians could influence how those Canadians absorbed nutrients. The second project, in progress at McGill University, is looking at how differences in the genetic code influence health outcomes after exposure to environmental contaminants and metals.

At no point will Statistics Canada release your genome to the public. Statistics Canada, or any other Federal Department, which abides by Canada's Privacy Act, would never allow your DNA to be used in this way.

It is possible to withdraw consent for genetic testing specifically while keeping your samples in the Statistics Canada Biobank for other projects. A participant can withdraw consent at any time by using the contact information found here: Biobank participants.
16. How long will you keep my samples?

16. How long will you keep my samples?

Samples are stored in the Statistics Canada Biobank until they are no longer scientifically viable. Samples are removed when they are used for an approved research project or when a participant requests that their samples be removed and destroyed.
17. Where can I get more information about the Biobank?

17. Where can I get more information about the Biobank?

Additional information such as the descriptions of approved Biobank studies are posted on the Biobank webpage. You can also access the website by entering 'Statistics Canada Biobank' in your preferred search engine.

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Date modified:: 2022-12-22

Backgrounder for the 2021 Census

Ottawa, April 6, 2021

Every five years, the Census of Population paints a portrait of Canada's changing mosaic. Now more than ever, trusted and reliable data, insights and analysis on socio-economic trends are important decision-making tools that governments, businesses, organizations and individuals rely on to understand where we came from, where we are, and where we are heading.

Like data from past censuses, information from the 2021 Census will be key to understand our communities and our country. This data will also be critical in the context of COVID-19. Information from the 2021 Census will provide important facts to help policy- and decision-makers assist communities, provinces, territories, and the country to recover from the pandemic.

In 2016, Canadians set a record overall response rate of 98.4% for the Census of Population. When collection for the next census begins in May 2021, Statistics Canada challenges Canadians to achieve nearly 100% participation once again.

Statistics Canada is striving for a contact-free approach, as every reasonable attempt will be made to collect the information without coming into contact with respondents. The safest way to respond to the census will be to do so online, or by completing it on paper or over the phone. In-person visits will take place only when other options (e.g., online, by phone) are not available.

The census questions have been translated into 25 other languages, including 13 Indigenous languages. Census collection staff are also available to assist in responding to questions.

Statistics Canada has a duty and a legal obligation to protect the rightful privacy of Canadians. Safeguarding Canadians' information and privacy guides our decisions and drives our work. We have rigorous processes in place to ensure personal information is kept private and confidential, and all information we collect is strictly protected. As part of our ongoing commitment to transparency, Statistics Canada publishes information in the Trust Centre section of our website on how we protect Canadians' privacy, as we provide them with the data they have come to rely on.

Statistics Canada has adapted to the COVID-19 pandemic. We have taken pro-active steps to ensure that the 2021 Census is conducted throughout the country in the best possible way. Procedures for the census have been redesigned to keep respondents and census employees are safe by limiting the amount of contact needed to participate in this important exercise.

Census enumerators, while working from home, will seek to contact respondents by phone to encourage them to complete the census online, on paper or by phone. In rare situations where in-person follow up is needed, the enumerator will wear masks, use hand sanitizer, observe physical distancing and abide by health authority guidelines. Statistics Canada is aware that COVID-19 may have an impact on the way Canadians answer some of the census questions, and has been developing helpful guidelines to assist them in responding to these specific questions.

Recruitment for the 2021 Census is going well. Statistics Canada is still hiring locally in all communities across Canada to ensure we have a robust workforce. Those interested in taking part in this vital national exercise can apply on the 2021 Census website.

Canadians are invited to find out more information on the census by visiting our 2021 Census website which provide a full suite of information. Visitors will have the opportunity to review Painting a Portrait of Canada: The 2021 Census of Population. This comprehensive document outlines Statistics Canada's planned approach to the 2021 Census of Population, including historical, legal, operational and content aspects.

As well, as of May 3, 2021, Canadians can call a Census Help Line 1-855-340-2021 for assistance in completing the census.

Decisions on the 2021 Census have been made in collaboration with Canadians and for Canadians. The 2021 Census content was published in the Canada Gazette on July 18, 2020. The 2021 Census of Population questionnaire will have returning content from 2016 and previous censuses to allow for ongoing trend analysis, and it will include new questions to continue to measure Canada's growing diversity.

The following five fact sheets—and their enclosed topics—explain the new and updated content of the 2021 Census of Population questionnaire:

Family and demographic concepts, and activities of daily living (demographic concepts, sex at birth and gender, activities of daily living)
Immigration, ethnocultural diversity and languages in Canada (immigration and citizenship, place of birth of person/parents, ethnic or cultural origins, population groups, religion, language, minority language educational rights)
Indigenous peoples (returning content, membership within a Métis organization or Settlement, enrollment under an Inuit land claims agreement)
Education, labour, commuting, and Veterans (education, labour market conditions, commuting to work, Veteran and military service)
Income and expenditures, and housing (income and expenditures, housing).

Associated links

Archived - 2020 Annual Oil and Gas Extraction Survey

Why do we conduct this survey?

This survey is conducted by Statistics Canada in order to collect the necessary information to support the Integrated Business Statistics Program (IBSP). This program combines various survey and administrative data to develop comprehensive measures of the Canadian economy.

The statistical information from the IBSP serves many purposes, including:

Obtaining information on the supply of and/or demand for energy in Canada
Enabling governmental agencies to fulfill their regulatory responsibilities in regards to public utilities
Enabling all levels of government to establish informed policies in the energy area
Assisting the business community in the corporate decision-making process.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Your participation in this survey is required under the authority of the Statistics Act.

Other important information

Authorization to collect this information

Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

Confidentiality

By law, Statistics Canada is prohibited from releasing any information it collects that could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent, or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes only.

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the reporting burden, Statistics Canada may combine the acquired data with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Data-sharing agreements

To reduce respondent burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data-sharing agreements with provincial and territorial statistical agencies and other government organizations, which have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes. Statistics Canada will only share data from this survey with those organizations that have demonstrated a requirement to use the data.

Section 11 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with provincial and territorial statistical agencies that meet certain conditions. These agencies must have the legislative authority to collect the same information, on a mandatory basis, and the legislation must provide substantially the same provisions for confidentiality and penalties for disclosure of confidential information as the Statistics Act. Because these agencies have the legal authority to compel businesses to provide the same information, consent is not requested and businesses may not object to the sharing of the data.

For this survey, there are Section 11 agreements with the provincial and territorial statistical agencies of Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Québec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia and the Yukon. The shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Section 12 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with federal, provincial or territorial government organizations. Under Section 12, you may refuse to share your information with any of these organizations by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician, specifying the organizations with which you do not want Statistics Canada to share your data and mailing it to the following address:

Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of Director, Enterprise Statistics Division
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0T6

You may also contact us by email at statcan.esdhelpdesk-dsebureaudedepannage.statcan@statcan.gc.ca or by fax at 613-951-6583.

For this survey, there are Section 12 agreements with the statistical agencies of Prince Edward Island, Northwest Territories and Nunavut as well as with the Ministère de l'énergie et des ressources naturelles du Québec, Alberta Energy, the British Columbia Ministry of Energy and Mines, the British Columbia Ministry of Natural Gas Development, the Canada Energy Regulator, Natural Resources Canada and Environment Canada.

For agreements with provincial and territorial government organizations, the shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Business or organization and contact information

1. Verify or provide the business or organization's legal and operating name and correct where needed.

Note: Legal name modifications should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

Legal Name

The legal name is one recognized by law, thus it is the name liable for pursuit or for debts incurred by the business or organization. In the case of a corporation, it is the legal name as fixed by its charter or the statute by which the corporation was created.

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

To indicate a legal name of another legal entity you should instead indicate it in question 3 by selecting 'Not currently operational' and then choosing the applicable reason and providing the legal name of this other entity along with any other requested information.

Operating Name

The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

Legal name
Operating name (if applicable)

2. Verify or provide the contact information of the designated business or organization contact person for this questionnaire and correct where needed.

Note: The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire.

First name
Last name
Title
Preferred language of communication
- English
- French
Mailing address (number and street)
City
Province, territory or state
Postal code or ZIP code
Country
- Canada
- United States
Email address
Telephone number (including area code)
Extension number (if applicable)
The maximum number of characters is 10.
Fax number (including area code)

3. Verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

Operational
Not currently operational (e.g., temporarily or permanently closed, change of ownership)
Why is this business or organization not currently operational?
- Seasonal operations
  - When did this business or organization close for the season?
    - Date
  - When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
    - Date
- Ceased operations
  - When did this business or organization cease operations?
    - Date
  - Why did this business or organization cease operations?
    - Bankruptcy
    - Liquidation
    - Dissolution
    - Other
  - Specify the other reasons why the operations ceased
- Sold operations
  - When was this business or organization sold?
    - Date
  - What is the legal name of the buyer?
- Amalgamated with other businesses or organizations
  - When did this business or organization amalgamate?
    - Date
  - What is the legal name of the resulting or continuing business or organization?
  - What are the legal names of the other amalgamated businesses or organizations?
- Temporarily inactive but will re-open
  - When did this business or organization become temporarily inactive?
    - Date
  - When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
    - Date
  - Why is this business or organization temporarily inactive?
- No longer operating due to other reasons
  - When did this business or organization cease operations?
    - Date
  - Why did this business or organization cease operations?

4. Verify or provide the current main activity of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

Note: The described activity was assigned using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

This question verifies the business or organization's current main activity as classified by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. Created against the background of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is designed to provide common definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three economies. NAICS is based on supply-side or production-oriented principles, to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS, are suitable for the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.

The target entity for which NAICS is designed are businesses and other organizations engaged in the production of goods and services. They include farms, incorporated and unincorporated businesses and government business enterprises. They also include government institutions and agencies engaged in the production of marketed and non-marketed services, as well as organizations such as professional associations and unions and charitable or non-profit organizations and the employees of households.

The associated NAICS should reflect those activities conducted by the business or organizational units targeted by this questionnaire only, as identified in the 'Answering this questionnaire' section and which can be identified by the specified legal and operating name. The main activity is the activity which most defines the targeted business or organization's main purpose or reason for existence. For a business or organization that is for-profit, it is normally the activity that generates the majority of the revenue for the entity.

The NAICS classification contains a limited number of activity classifications; the associated classification might be applicable for this business or organization even if it is not exactly how you would describe this business or organization's main activity.

Please note that any modifications to the main activity through your response to this question might not necessarily be reflected prior to the transmitting of subsequent questionnaires and as a result they may not contain this updated information.

The following is the detailed description including any applicable examples or exclusions for the classification currently associated with this business or organization.

Description and examples

This is the current main activity
- Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's main activity
- e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development
This is not the current main activity

Main activity

5. You indicated that is not the current main activity.

Was this business or organization's main activity ever classified as: ?

Yes
- When did the main activity change?
- Date
No

6. Search and select the industry classification code that best corresponds to this business or organization's main activity.

Select this business or organization's activity sector (optional)

Farming or logging operation
Construction company or general contractor
Manufacturer
Wholesaler
Retailer
Provider of passenger or freight transportation
Provider of investment, savings or insurance products
Real estate agency, real estate brokerage or leasing company
Provider of professional, scientific or technical services
Provider of health care or social services
Restaurant, bar, hotel, motel or other lodging establishment
Other sector

7. You have indicated that the current main activity of this business or organization is:

Main activity

Are there any other activities that contribute significantly (at least 10%) to this business or organization's revenue?

Yes, there are other activities
- Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's secondary activity
- e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development
No, that is the only significant activity

8. Approximately what percentage of this business or organization's revenue is generated by each of the following activities?

When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimates.

Approximately what percentage of this business or organization's revenue is generated by each of the following activities?
	Percentage of revenue
Main activity
Secondary activity
All other activities
Total percentage

Method of collection

1. Indicate whether you will be answering the remaining questions or attaching files with the required information.

Answering the remaining questions
Attaching files

Attach files

2. Please attach the files that will provide the information required for the Annual Oil and Gas Extraction Survey.

To attach files

Press the Attach files button.
Choose the file to attach. Multiple files can be attached.

Note:

Each file must not exceed 5 MB.
All attachments combined must not exceed 50 MB.
The name and size of each file attached will be displayed on the page.

Accounting Standards and Methods

1. What accounting standard is used for this report?

IFRS
GAAP
ASPE
Other
- Specify other accounting standard

2. What method is used in accounting for exploration expenditures?

Successful efforts
Full cost
Other
- Specify other method

North American Industry Classification System

3. Which of the following methods were used by this business to extract oil and gas?

Select all that apply.

Oil and gas extraction (except oil sands)

Formerly classified as 211113, Conventional oil and gas extraction, this Canadian industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the exploration for, and/or production of, petroleum or natural gas from wells in which the hydrocarbons will initially flow or can be produced using normal pumping techniques.

Oil sands extraction

Formerly classified as 211114, Non-conventional oil extraction, this industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in producing crude oil from oil sands or from reservoirs in which the hydrocarbons are semisolids and conventional production methods are not possible.

Oil and Gas Extraction (except oil sands)

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the exploration for, and/or production of, petroleum or natural gas from wells in which the hydrocarbons will initially flow or can be produced using normal pumping techniques. Include gas plants.

Oil Sands Extraction

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in producing crude oil from oil sands or from reservoirs in which the hydrocarbons are semisolids and conventional production methods are not possible. Include in-situ and mined oil sands projects.

Revenues and expenses, deductions and net income

4. What was this business's gross revenue from each of the following sources?

Gross revenues

a. Sales

Report the sales or transfer value of produced goods or services before any adjustment or intersegment elimination. Please include royalties and taxes that are imposed at the time of sale. Exclude GST.

b. Other production revenue

Include all other production revenue not reported in 4a. Include sales of services related to the oil and gas industry such as gas processing and well operating fees. Amount reported here should equal (question 6).

c. Other non-production revenue

Include all revenue not reported in sales of crude oil and natural gas (4a) or other production revenue (4b) such as foreign currency gains and losses, dividends. The amount reported here should equal (question 8).

The total gross revenues equal the sum of question 4a., 4b. and 4c.

What was this business's gross revenue from each of the following sources?
	CAN$ '000
a. Sales of crude oil and natural gas Include all revenue associated with the sale of extracted oil and gas. Exclude royalties, taxes and other charges.
b. Other production revenue e.g., sales of services related to the oil and gas industry such as gas processing and well operating fees. A breakdown of this revenue by provincial and territorial jurisdiction will be asked later in this questionnaire (question 6).
c. Other non-production revenue Include all revenue not reported in 4a or 4b, such as foreign currency gains and losses, dividends. A breakdown of this revenue by provincial and territorial jurisdiction will be asked later in this questionnaire (question 8).
Total gross revenue (a + b + c)

5. For which of the following provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions did this business have any other production revenue?

Select all that apply.

Newfoundland and Labrador — offshore only
Newfoundland and Labrador — mainland only
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia — offshore only
Nova Scotia — mainland only
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut

6. For the [amount] reported as other production revenue, what is the breakdown by provincial and/or territorial jurisdiction?

Only include revenue associated to the oil and gas industry

Total of this question should sum to value reported in Q4 (b).

Other production revenue

Please provide a provincial breakdown of values reported in question 4b.

Include sales of services related to the oil and gas industry such as gas processing and well operating fees.

For the [amount] reported as other production revenue, what is the breakdown by provincial and/or territorial jurisdiction?
	CAN$ '000
Newfoundland and Labrador — offshore only
Newfoundland and Labrador — mainland only
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia — offshore only
Nova Scotia — mainland only
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Total - other production revenue

7. For which of the following provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions did this business have any other non-production revenue?

Select all that apply.

Newfoundland and Labrador — offshore only
Newfoundland and Labrador — mainland only
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia — offshore only
Nova Scotia — mainland only
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut

8. For the [amount] reported as other non-production revenue, what is the breakdown by provincial and/or territorial jurisdiction?

Include all revenue such as foreign currency gains and losses, dividends

Total of this question should sum to value reported in Q4 (c).

Other non-production revenue

Please provide a provincial breakdown of values reported in question 4c.

Include all non-production revenue such as foreign currency gains and losses, dividends.

For the [amount] reported as other non-production revenue, what is the breakdown by provincial and/or territorial jurisdiction?
	CAN$ '000
Newfoundland and Labrador — offshore only
Newfoundland and Labrador — mainland only
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia — offshore only
Nova Scotia — mainland only
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Total - other non-production revenue

9. What were this business's expenses and deductions for the following items?

Exclude capitalised expenditures, which are to be reported later in the questionnaire.

Note: regarding partnerships and joint venture activities or projects, report the expenditures reflecting your company's net interest in such projects or ventures, as applicable.

Expenses, deductions and net income

a. Royalties and Similar Payments

The value reported here should equal the sum of provincial and freehold royalties for the Oil Sands Extraction sector plus the federal crown, provincial, and non-crown royalties for the Oil and Gas Extraction (except oil sands) sector, as applicable.

b. Operating expenditures

Include cost of materials and supplies used in production, surface lease rentals, lifting costs and all other expenditures which are related to producing operations. All general and administrative costs related to producing activities and charged to current year operations should also be included here.

The value reported here should equal the sum of total operating expenditures for the Oil Sands Extraction sector plus the sum of total operating expenditures for the Oil and Gas Extraction (except oil sands) sector, as applicable. The breakdown of the operating expenditures will be requested later in the questionnaire.

Exclude any non-cash charges and royalties.

c. Salaries, wages and benefits

Include the cost of salaries and wages (including bonuses and commissions, employer contributions to pension, medical, unemployment insurance plans, etc.) paid to your own workforce during the reporting period.

d. Other operating expenditures

Include only costs associated with non-producing operations and other expense items not reported elsewhere, e.g., a natural gas processing fee paid to other companies.

e. Interest expense

Include interest paid on bank loans, bonds, etc.

f. Federal income tax

Include federal income tax pertaining to the current period and assumed to be currently due.

g. Provincial income tax

Include provincial income tax pertaining to the current period and assumed to be currently due. The amount reported should include the Saskatchewan Corporate Capital Tax Surcharge if applicable.

h. Deferred income tax

Include accrued tax obligations reflected as an expense in the income statement, but not payable in the current reporting period.

i. Exploration and development charged to current operations

Include exploration and development expenses charged to current operations.

j. Amortization and depreciation expense

The systematic charge-off to expense of costs for depreciable assets that had been initially capitalised or deferred. Write-downs of depreciable assets resulting from impairments should be included in this category. However, write-offs arising from unusual dispositions and gains and/or losses on sales of assets should be reported in question 9l. and 9m. respectively.

k. Depletion

Include the current depletion charges for costs subject to such deduction. Write-offs resulting from the application of ceiling tests should be reported in question 9l., 'Write-offs and amortization of deferred charges'. Gains and losses on disposal of properties should be reported in question 9m., 'Other non-cash expenses and deductions'.

l. Write-offs and amortization of deferred charges

Adjustments may be made for non-operating items which the company ordinarily eliminates from its reported 'Internal cash flow'.

m. Other non-cash expenses and deductions

Include non-cash items not reported elsewhere such as unrealised losses on currency transactions, non-controlling shareholders' interest in earnings of consolidated subsidiaries, and the equity portion of losses of unconsolidated affiliates. This item should be reduced by such non-cash revenue items as unrealised currency gains, non-controlling shareholders' interest in losses of consolidated subsidiaries, and equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates.

The subtotal of expenses and deductions equals the sum of question 9a. to 9m.

The total net income equals the total gross revenues minus the subtotal of expenses and deductions.

What were this business's expenses and deductions for the following items?
	CAN$ '000
a. Royalties and similar payments
b. Operating expenses Figures reported here should equal the sum reported for the oil sands extraction sector (question 33) plus the sum reported for the oil and gas extraction sector (questions 35 to 38).
c. Salaries, wages and benefits
d. Other operating expenses
e. Interest expense
f. Federal income tax
g. Provincial income tax
h. Deferred income tax
i. Exploration and development charged to current operations
j. Amortization and depreciation expense
k. Depletion
l. Write-offs and amortization of deferred charges
m. Other non-cash expenses and deductions
Subtotal expenses and deductions
Total gross revenue Previously reported in question 4.
Total net income Total gross revenues minus total expenses and deductions.

10. How many employees did this business have?

Provide the number of employees associated with the expenses for salaries, wages and benefits (item 9c.).

Number of employees

Balance Sheet

11. What were this business's upstream assets?

Balance sheet

a. Total current assets

Include such items as cash, marketable securities, accounts receivable, inventories, etc.

b. Net capital assets

Include land not held for the purpose of re-sale, amortizable assets such as buildings, machinery and equipment, etc.

c. Other assets

Include all assets not reported as either current or capital assets.

Total assets equals the sum of questions 11a. to c.

What were this business's upstream assets?
	CAN$ '000
a. Total current assets
b. Net capital assets
c. Other assets
Total assets

12. What were this business's upstream liabilities and equity?

Balance sheet

a. Current liabilities

Include such items as current portion of long-term debt, accounts payable, notes payable, etc.

b. Long-term debt

Include all debt with a maturity of greater than one year.

c. Other liabilities

Include all liabilities not reported as either a current liability or long-term debt.

d. Equity

Include common shares, preferred shares, retained earnings and all other equity.

Total liabilities and equity equal the sum of questions 12a. to d.

What were this business's upstream liabilities and equity?
	CAN$ '000
a. Current liabilities
b. Long term debt
c. Other liabilities
d. Equity
Total liabilities and equity

Abandonment and reclamation costs

13. Did this business have any associated abandonment and reclamation costs?

Include all costs such as well plugging and abandonment and remediation.

14. What were the associated abandonment and reclamation costs for your operations?

Include all costs such as well plugging and abandonment and remediation.

Figures reported here should equal to the sum reported for abandonment and reclamation costs by provincial and territorial jurisdictions (question 16).

Abandonment and Reclamation

Include costs such as well plugging and abandonment, well suspension, casing removal, zone abandonments, plug backs, reclamation and remediation.

CAN$ '000

15. For which of the following provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions did this business have abandonment and reclamation costs?

Select all that apply.

Newfoundland and Labrador — offshore only
Newfoundland and Labrador — mainland only
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia — offshore only
Nova Scotia — mainland only
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut

16. For the [amount] reported as abandonment and reclamation costs, what is the breakdown by provincial and/or territorial jurisdiction?

Abandonment and Reclamation

Include costs such as well plugging and abandonment, well suspension, casing removal, zone abandonments, plug backs, reclamation and remediation.

For which of the following provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions did this business have abandonment and reclamation costs?
	CAN$ '000
Newfoundland and Labrador — offshore only
Newfoundland and Labrador — mainland only
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia — offshore only
Nova Scotia — mainland only
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Total - abandonment and reclamation costs

Capital expenditures for crude oil in-situ, mining or upgraders

17. Which of the following methods of crude oil extraction are employed by this business?

Include this business's own operations as well as partnerships and joint venture activities or projects as applicable. In the next section of the questionnaire, report the expenditures reflecting your company's net interest in such oil sands projects or ventures.

Select all that apply.

Capital expenditures for crude oil in situ, mining or upgraders

Note: Regarding partnerships and joint venture activities or projects, report the expenditures reflecting your company's net interest in such oil sands projects or ventures.

In situ:

In situ refers to extraction employing techniques of drilling wells and then injecting steam, combustion or other sources of heat into the reservoir to warm the bitumen so it can be pumped to the surface.

Mining:

Mining is the use of machinery and equipment to extract deposits that are close to the surface.

Upgraders:

Upgraders convert heavy bitumen into lighter crude oil.

In-situ
- i.e., drilling wells and then injecting steam, combustion or other sources of heat into the reservoir to warm the bitumen so it can be pumped to the surface
Mining
- i.e., the use of machinery and equipment to extract deposits that are close to the surface
Upgraders
- i.e., converting heavy bitumen into lighter crude oil

18. In the oil sands extraction sector, what capital expenditures did this business have?

Note: regarding partnerships and joint venture activities or projects, report the expenditures reflecting your company's net interest in such oil sands projects or ventures.

Select all that apply.

Capital expenditures for crude oil in situ, mining or upgraders
Oil rights acquisition and retention costs
Include all fees associated with using land agents.
Land and leases purchased from others
Include all fees associated with using land agents.
Machinery and Equipment
Include items such as boilers, compressors, motors, pumps and any other items that may be termed manufacturing or mining equipment as opposed to a fixed installation such as a building.
Housing
Value of residential structures and related infrastructures within a company town-site.
Drilling and pre-mining expenditures
Drilling expenditures include core hole and delineation drilling. Include the cost of casing and other materials and equipment left in place, core analysis, logging, road building, and other directly related services. Pre-mining costs include overburden removal and other pre-production expenditures.
Cost of capitalised overhead
Report the cost of capitalised overhead not allocated in questions 19-23. These overhead charges should exclude any amounts to be reported later in the questionnaire for the Oil and Gas Extraction (except oil sands) sector.
Research and other capital expenditures
Include all research costs associated with oil sands extraction and/or natural gas extraction, such as laboratory work, consultants' fees, performance evaluations and experimental pilot plants (including any capitalised operating expenditures). Other costs include items such as drainage systems, roadways, tankages, anti-pollution equipment and fixed installations not including machinery and equipment included in question 21.

Note: On the paper version of this questionnaire, these capital expenditures were reported in Schedule II, lines 1-6.

Oil rights acquisition, fees and retention
Land and leases purchased from others
Machinery and equipment
Housing
Drilling and pre-mining
Include over burden removal.
Capitalised overhead
Exclude operating expenditures and royalties.
Research and other expenditures

19. What were the capital expenditures for the acquisition of oil rights, fees and retention for the following operations?

Capital expenditures for crude oil in situ, mining or upgraders

Expenditures associated with land and lease acquisition relating to oil rights, fees and retention.

Include all fees associated with using land agents.

Note: Regarding partnerships and joint venture activities or projects, report the expenditures reflecting your company's net interest in such oil sands projects or ventures.

What were the capital expenditures for the acquisition of oil rights, fees and retention for the following operations?
	CAN$ '000
In-situ
Mining
Upgraders
Total capital expenditures for the acquisition of oil rights, fees and retention

20. What were the capital expenditures for land and leases purchased from other businesses for the following operations?

Capital expenditures for crude oil in situ, mining or upgraders

Expenditures associated with the purchase of land and lease from others.

Include all fees associated with using land agents.

Note: Regarding partnerships and joint venture activities or projects, report the expenditures reflecting your company's net interest in such oil sands projects or ventures.

What were the capital expenditures for land and leases purchased from other businesses for the following operations?
	CAN$ '000
In-situ
Mining
Upgraders
Total capital expenditures for land and leases purchased from other businesses

21. What were the capital expenditures for machinery and equipment for the following operations?

Capital expenditures for crude oil in situ, mining or upgraders

Include items such as boilers, compressors, motors, pumps and any other items that may be termed manufacturing or mining equipment as opposed to a fixed installation such as a building.

Note: Regarding partnerships and joint venture activities or projects, report the expenditures reflecting your company's net interest in such oil sands projects or ventures.

What were the capital expenditures for machinery and equipment for the following operations?
	CAN$ '000
In-situ
Mining
Upgraders
Total capital expenditures for machinery and equipment

22. What were the capital expenditures for housing for the following operations?

Capital expenditures for crude oil in situ, mining or upgraders

Value of residential structures and related infrastructures within a company town-site.

Note: Regarding partnerships and joint venture activities or projects, report the expenditures reflecting your company's net interest in such oil sands projects or ventures.

What were the capital expenditures for housing for the following operations?
	CAN$ '000
In-situ
Mining
Upgraders
Total capital expenditures for housing

23. What were the capital expenditures for drilling and pre-mining for the following operations?

Include overburden removal.

Capital expenditures for crude oil in situ, mining or upgraders

Drilling expenditures include core hole and delineation drilling. Include the cost of casing and other materials and equipment left in place, core analysis, logging, road building, and other directly related services. Pre-mining costs include overburden removal and other pre-production expenditures.

Note: Regarding partnerships and joint venture activities or projects, report the expenditures reflecting your company's net interest in such oil sands projects or ventures.

What were the capital expenditures for drilling and pre-mining for the following operations?
	CAN$ '000
In-situ
Mining
Upgraders
Total capital expenditures for drilling and pre-mining

24. What were the capital expenditures for capitalised overhead for the following operations?

Exclude operating expenditures and royalties.

Capital expenditures for crude oil in situ, mining or upgraders

Report the cost of capitalised overhead not allocated in questions 19-23. These overhead charges should exclude any amounts to be reported later in the questionnaire for the Oil and Gas Extraction (except oil sands) sector.

Note: Regarding partnerships and joint venture activities or projects, report the expenditures reflecting your company's net interest in such oil sands projects or ventures.

What were the capital expenditures for capitalised overhead for the following operations?
	CAN$ '000
In-situ
Mining
Upgraders
Total capital expenditures for capitalised overhead

25. What were the capital expenditures for research and other expenditures for the following operations?

Exclude operating expenditures and royalties.

Capital expenditures for crude oil in situ, mining or upgraders

Include all research costs associated with oil sands extraction oil and/or natural gas extraction, such as laboratory work, consultants' fees, performance evaluations and experimental pilot plants (including any capitalised operating expenditures). Other costs include items such as drainage systems, roadways, tankages, anti-pollution equipment and fixed installations not including machinery and equipment included in question 21.

What were the capital expenditures for research and other expenditures for the following operations?
	CAN$ '000
In-situ
Mining
Upgraders
Total capital expenditures for research and other expenditures

Summary of capital expenditure for crude oil in-situ, mining or upgraders

26. This is a summary of your business's capital expenditures in the oil sands extraction sector.

Please review the values and if needed, click the Previous button at the bottom of the page to navigate to the previous pages to make any modifications.

This is a summary of your business's capital expenditures in the oil sands extraction sector.
	CAN$ '000
Total capital expenditures for in-situ
Total capital expenditures for mining
Total capital expenditures for upgraders
Total capital expenditures

Operating expenses for crude oil in-situ, mining or upgraders

27. What operating expenses did this business have?

Select all that apply.

Operating expenditures for crude oil in situ, mining or upgraders

Field, well or plant expenditures

Include all direct operating expenses and any other expenses directly related to the mining, stimulation, processing, upgrading and delivery of the product, and cost of purchased fuel and electricity.

Taxes

Include taxes to federal, provincial and municipal governments such as property taxes, commodity tax, and carbon tax but exclude royalties, income taxes, and taxes that are part of the list price of purchases.

Fuel and purchased electricity

Include costs for fuel and electricity for all sites.

Water handling and disposal

Include all costs pertaining to water handling and disposal.

Operating overhead

Include all remaining general and administrative expenses related to crude oil in situ, mining, upgraders or natural gas production, including any corporate allocation to this segment. (These overhead charges should exclude any reported at question 24 for capitalised overheads.)

Field, well and/or plant
Taxes
Exclude income taxes and royalties.
Purchased fuel and electricity
Water handling and disposal
Operating overhead

28. What were the field, well and/or plant expenses for the following operations?

Operating expenditures for crude oil in situ, mining or upgraders

What were the field, well and/or plant expenses for the following operations?
	CAN$ '000
In-situ
Mining
Upgraders
Total operating expenses for field, well and/or plant

29. What were the taxes incurred for the following operations?

Exclude income taxes and royalties.

Operating expenditures for crude oil in situ, mining or upgraders

What were the taxes incurred for the following operations?
	CAN$ '000
In-situ
Mining
Upgraders
Total taxes incurred from operations

30. What were the purchased fuel and electricity expenses for the following operations?

Operating expenditures for crude oil in situ, mining or upgraders

Include costs for fuel and electricity for all sites.

What were the purchased fuel and electricity expenses for the following operations?
	CAN$ '000
In-situ
Mining
Upgraders
Total operating expenses for purchased fuel and electricity

31. What were the water handling and disposal expenses for the following operations?

Exclude operating expenditures and royalties.

Operating expenditures for crude oil in situ, mining or upgraders

Include all costs pertaining to water handling and disposal.

What were the water handling and disposal expenses for the following operations?
	CAN$ '000
In-situ
Mining
Upgraders
Total operating expenses for water handling and disposal

32. What were the operating overhead expenses for the following operations?

Exclude operating expenditures and royalties.

Operating expenditures for crude oil in situ, mining or upgraders

What were the operating overhead expenses for the following operations?
	CAN$ '000
In-situ
Mining
Upgraders
Total operating expenses for overhead

Summary of operating expenses for crude oil in-situ, mining or upgraders

33. This is a summary of operating expenses for crude oil in-situ, mining or upgraders.

Please review the values and if needed, click the Previous button at the bottom of the page to navigate to the previous pages to make any modifications.

This is a summary of operating expenses for crude oil in-situ, mining or upgraders.
	CAN$ '000
Total operating expenses for crude oil in-situ
Total operating expenses for crude oil mining
Total operating expenses for crude oil upgraders
Total operating expenses

Operating expenses by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions - Oil and gas extraction sector (except oil sands)

34. For which of the following provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions did this business incur operating expenses?

Select all that apply.

Operating expenditures by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions

Operating costs include all direct operating expenses such as wages and salaries, materials and supplies, fuel and power, well conditioning costs, municipal taxes, other direct operating expenses, maintenance and repairs expensed and contract services. Also include the non-capitalised cost of purchased injection materials used in enhanced recovery projects.

Newfoundland and Labrador — offshore only
Newfoundland and Labrador — mainland only
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia — offshore only
Nova Scotia — mainland only
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut

Did not incur operating expenses within Canada

35. What were this business's operating expenses for field, well and gathering operations by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions?

Operating expenditures by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions

Include primary, secondary, and tertiary recovery and pressure maintenance facilities, gathering systems and other well site facilities, surface lease rentals, and cost of purchased fuel and electricity.

What were this business's operating expenses for field, well and gathering operations by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions?
	CAN$ '000
Newfoundland and Labrador — offshore only
Newfoundland and Labrador — mainland only
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia — offshore only
Nova Scotia — mainland only
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Total operating expenses for field, well and gathering operations

36. What were this business's operating expenses for natural gas processing plants by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions?

Operating expenditures by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions

Include expenses associated with field processing plants as well as reprocessing activities, recycling projects, and cost of purchased fuel and electricity.

What were this business's operating expenses for natural gas processing plants by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions?
	CAN$ '000
Newfoundland and Labrador — offshore only
Newfoundland and Labrador — mainland only
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia — offshore only
Nova Scotia — mainland only
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Total operating expenses for natural gas processing plants

37. What were this business's operating expenses for taxes by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions?

Exclude income tax and royalties.

Operating expenditures by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions

Include taxes to federal, provincial and municipal governments, but exclude royalties, income taxes, and taxes that are part of the list price of purchases.

What were this business's operating expenses for taxes by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions?
	CAN$ '000
Newfoundland and Labrador — offshore only
Newfoundland and Labrador — mainland only
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia — offshore only
Nova Scotia — mainland only
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Total operating expenses for taxes

38. What were this business's operating expenses for overhead by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions?

Operating expenditures by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions

Include all remaining general and administrative expenses related to upstream operations, including any corporate allocation to this segment.

What were this business's operating expenses for overhead by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions?
	CAN$ '000
Newfoundland and Labrador — offshore only
Newfoundland and Labrador — mainland only
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia — offshore only
Nova Scotia — mainland only
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Total operating expenses for overhead

Upstream expenditures by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions — Oil and gas extraction sector (except oil sands)

39. For which provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions did this business incur upstream capital expenditures in exploration, development and production?

Select all that apply.

Newfoundland and Labrador — offshore only
Newfoundland and Labrador — mainland only
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia — offshore only
Nova Scotia — mainland only
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut

Did not incur capital expenditures within Canada

40. What were this business's upstream exploration expenditures for oil and gas rights acquisition and retention by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions?

Include overhead.

Upstream exploration expenditures by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions

Acquisition and retention costs and fees for oil and gas rights. Include bonuses, legal fees and filing fees. Exclude inter-company sales or transfers.

Include all fees associated with using land agents.

What were this business's upstream exploration expenditures for oil and gas rights acquisition and retention by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions?
	CAN$ '000
Newfoundland and Labrador — offshore only
Newfoundland and Labrador — mainland only
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia — offshore only
Nova Scotia — mainland only
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Total upstream expenditures for oil and gas rights acquisition and retention

41. What were this business's upstream exploration expenditures for land and leases purchased from other petroleum companies by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions?

Upstream exploration expenditures by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions

Purchases from companies that are engaged primarily in petroleum activities.

Include all fees associated with using land agents.

What were this business's upstream exploration expenditures for land and leases purchased from other petroleum companies by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions?
	CAN$ '000
Newfoundland and Labrador — offshore only
Newfoundland and Labrador — mainland only
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia — offshore only
Nova Scotia — mainland only
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Total upstream expenditures for land and leases purchased from other petroleum companies

42. What were this business's upstream exploration expenditures for geological and geophysical services by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions?

Upstream exploration expenditures by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions

Include such activities as seismic crew expenses, both company owned and contract. Include camp, bulldozing and dirt work, flying crews in and out, seismograph, velocity survey, gravity meter, magnetometer, core drilling, photo geological digital processing, magnetic playback and bottom hole contributions and environmental impact studies and other similar pre-exploration expenditures. All seismic or geological and geophysical expenditures (including stratigraphic tests) should be reported here, whether such activity is deemed exploration or development by the company.

What were this business's upstream exploration expenditures for geological and geophysical services by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions?
	CAN$ '000
Newfoundland and Labrador — offshore only
Newfoundland and Labrador — mainland only
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia — offshore only
Nova Scotia — mainland only
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Total upstream expenditures for geological and geophysical services

43. What were this business's upstream exploration expenditures for exploration drilling by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions?

What were this business's upstream exploration expenditures for geological and geophysical services by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions?

Drilling outside a proven area or within a proven area, but to a previously untested horizon, in order to determine whether oil or gas reserves exist rather than to develop proven reserves discovered by previous drilling. Include costs of dry wells, casing and other materials and equipment abandoned in place; productive wells, including capped wells; and wells still in progress at year-end. Also include costs incurred in fighting blow-outs, runaways, and in replacing damaged equipment.

What were this business's upstream exploration expenditures for exploration drilling by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions?
	CAN$ '000
Newfoundland and Labrador — offshore only
Newfoundland and Labrador — mainland only
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia — offshore only
Nova Scotia — mainland only
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Total upstream expenditures for exploration drilling

44. What were this business's upstream development expenditures for development drilling by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions?

Upstream development expenditures by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions

Drilling within the proven area of an oil or gas reservoir to the depth of a stratigraphic horizon known to be productive for the purpose of extracting oil or gas reserves. This will cover costs of dry wells, including casing and other materials and equipment abandoned in place; productive wells, including capped well; and wells still in progress at year end. Include costs incurred in fighting blow-outs, runaways, and in replacing damaged equipment. Exclude costs associated with service wells.

Note: There should be no development expenditures until a development plan has been approved.

What were this business's upstream development expenditures for development drilling by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions?
	CAN$ '000
Newfoundland and Labrador — offshore only
Newfoundland and Labrador — mainland only
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia — offshore only
Nova Scotia — mainland only
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Total upstream expenditures for development drilling

45. What were this business's upstream development expenditures for proven reserves purchased by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions?

Upstream development expenditures by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions

Purchases from those companies that are engaged primarily in petroleum activities.

What were this business's upstream development expenditures for proven reserves purchased by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions?
	CAN$ '000
Newfoundland and Labrador — offshore only
Newfoundland and Labrador — mainland only
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia — offshore only
Nova Scotia — mainland only
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Total upstream expenditures for proven reserves purchased

46. What were this business's upstream production expenditures for production and non-production facilities, contract drilling rigs and supply boats by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions?

Upstream production expenditures by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions

Production facilities

Include tangible well and lease equipment comprising casing, tubing, wellheads, pumps, flowlines, separators, treaters, dehydrators. Include gathering pipelines, lease and centralized tank batteries and associated facilities prior to delivery to trunk pipelines terminals, and other production facilities. Also include costs associated with intangibles such as pre-production studies costs, and those expenditures that you consider to be pre-development.

Non-production facilities

Include automotive, aeroplane, communication, office and miscellaneous equipment not otherwise provided.

Drilling rigs and supply boats

Report expenditures including progress payments for the purchase of new and imported used and new drilling rigs (on and offshore) and supply boats.

What were this business's upstream production expenditures for production and non-production facilities, contract drilling rigs and supply boats by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions?
	CAN$ '000
Newfoundland and Labrador — offshore only
Newfoundland and Labrador — mainland only
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia — offshore only
Nova Scotia — mainland only
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Total upstream expenditures for production and non-production facilities, contract drilling rigs and supply boats

47. What were this business's upstream production expenditures for enhanced recovery projects by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions?

Upstream production expenditures by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions

Include only expenditures on facilities in tertiary projects involving steam injection, miscible flooding, etc. Include service wells, both tangible and intangible, including the costs of drilling and equipping injection wells and also the cost of capitalised injection fuel (miscible fluid) costs, but exclude non-recoverable injection fluids charged to current operations.

What were this business's upstream production expenditures for enhanced recovery projects by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions?
	CAN$ '000
Newfoundland and Labrador — offshore only
Newfoundland and Labrador — mainland only
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia — offshore only
Nova Scotia — mainland only
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Total upstream expenditures for production and non-production facilities, contract drilling rigs and supply boats

48. What were this business's upstream production expenditures for natural gas processing plants by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions?

Upstream production expenditures by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions

Report only the capitalised amounts of the plants, including structures, measuring, regulating and related equipment.

What were this business's upstream production expenditures for natural gas processing plants by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions?
	CAN$ '000
Newfoundland and Labrador — offshore only
Newfoundland and Labrador — mainland only
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia — offshore only
Nova Scotia — mainland only
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Total upstream expenditures for natural gas processing plants

49. What were this business's upstream overhead expenditures for exploration by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions?

Upstream overhead expenditures by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions

Allocate capitalised upstream overhead to the categories indicated. These overhead charges should exclude any reported in question 38 (operating expenditures for overhead).

What were this business's upstream overhead expenditures for exploration by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions?
	CAN$ '000
Newfoundland and Labrador — offshore only
Newfoundland and Labrador — mainland only
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia — offshore only
Nova Scotia — mainland only
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Total upstream expenditures for exploration

50. What were this business's upstream overhead expenditures for development by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions?

Upstream overhead expenditures by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions

Allocate capitalised upstream overhead to the categories indicated. These overhead charges should exclude any reported in question 38 (operating expenditures for overhead).

What were this business's upstream overhead expenditures for development by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions?
	CAN$ '000
Newfoundland and Labrador — offshore only
Newfoundland and Labrador — mainland only
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia — offshore only
Nova Scotia — mainland only
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Total upstream expenditures for development

51. What were this business's upstream overhead expenditures for production by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions?

Upstream overhead expenditures by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions

Allocate capitalised upstream overhead to the categories indicated. These overhead charges should exclude any reported in question 38 (operating expenditures for overhead).

What were this business's upstream overhead expenditures for production by provincial and/or territorial jurisdictions?
	CAN$ '000
Newfoundland and Labrador — offshore only
Newfoundland and Labrador — mainland only
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia — offshore only
Nova Scotia — mainland only
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Total upstream expenditures for production

Changes or events

1. Indicate any changes or events that affected the reported values for this business or organization, compared with the last reporting period.

Select all that apply.

Strike or lock-out
Exchange rate impact
Price changes in goods or services sold
Contracting out
Organizational change
Price changes in labour or raw materials
Natural disaster
Recession
Change in product line
Sold business or business units
Expansion
New or lost contract
Plant closures
Acquisition of business or business units
Other
Specify the other changes or events:
No changes or events

Contact person

1. Statistics Canada may need to contact the person who completed this questionnaire for further information.

Is the provided given names and the provided family name the best person to contact?

Who is the best person to contact about this questionnaire?

First name:
Last name:
Title:
Email address:
Telephone number (including area code):
Extension number (if applicable):
The maximum number of characters is 5.
Fax number (including area code):

Feedback

1. How long did it take to complete this questionnaire?

Include the time spent gathering the necessary information.

Hours:
Minutes:

2. Do you have any comments about this questionnaire?

Data Liberation Initiative (DLI) – Membership Agreement

Data Liberation Initiative (DLI) – Membership Agreement (PDF, 232.41 KB)

Between Statistics Canada and (Institution Name)

Name of Academic Institution
Address
Institution's IP Range and/or Proxy Range
DLI Subscription Start Date

Licence Administrator:

Name
Title
Phone number
Email address

DLI Contact:

Name
Title
Phone number
Email address

DLI Contact's Alternate:

Name
Title
Phone number
Email address

Terms and Conditions

I, the undersigned, do certify that my educational institution is an accredited Canadian post-secondary educational institution, has committed to be a financially contributing member of the Data Liberation Initiative (DLI), and that I am authorized to bind my educational institution by my signature below.

I understand that:

Via the Data Liberation Initiative (DLI), Statistics Canada will offer my educational institution timely access, on a subscription basis, to standard Statistics Canada data products, such as public use microdata files (non-identifiable datasets containing characteristics pertaining to surveyed units). Statistics Canada will continue to offer support and training in relation to the Data Liberation Initiative (DLI) collection.
My educational institution will be invoiced by Statistics Canada once a year, during the second quarter (April-June) for participation in the DLI program, and payment shall be remitted within thirty (30) days of receipt of invoice. As part of the DLI governance, subscription fees are reviewed at each DLI External Advisory Committee (EAC) meetings. The following methods of payment are accepted; Cheque / Money Order (non-federal clients); Credit Card (MasterCard), (Visa) or (American Express) (non-federal clients); Federal Government of Canada Interdepartmental Settlement (federal clients); Direct Deposit (non-federal clients).
This agreement shall remain in effect until it is terminated by either party after giving one year’s notice.
Should my educational institution choose to withdraw from this agreement or not respect its financial commitment to DLI as per clause 2, this agreement will be terminated.
Any repeated or unremedied violations of this agreement may result in the termination of this agreement by either party upon written notice to the other party.
Authorized users shall be made aware, by my educational institution, of the conditions of use of the data by being provided with the appropriate licences.
The majority of our standard and custom products including PUMFs are disseminated under the terms and conditions of the Statistics Canada Open Licence agreement. For any questions regarding the Open Licence visit: Statistics Canada Open Licence - Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ).
Non-Statistics Canada data products in the DLI collection are subject to separate licence agreements: see Sections 2 and 4.

Affirmation

I acknowledge that I have read and understand the terms and conditions under which the data products are supplied. I agree to abide by these conditions and to take all reasonable measures required to enforce and administer them within my institution.

Licence Administrator (please print)
Signature
Date

DLI Contact (please print)
Signature
Date

Statistics Canada: Final Approval

Signature
Date

Approved by: Chief, Data Access Division

Legacy Content

DLI Survival Guide

Survival Guide (PDF, 384.25 KB)

Overview

About the program

The Data Liberation Initiative (DLI) is a partnership between postsecondary institutions and Statistics Canada with the goal of improving access to data resources. The DLI is a program within Statistics Canada's continuum of microdata access services. Over the years, the focus of the DLI has evolved from purchasing access to major Statistics Canada datasets to providing the training services and continuous support required for the proper understanding and use of an expanding data collection. For more information, including on the benefits of DLI membership and the history of the program, please visit the DLI website.

Role of the DLI contact

As the DLI contact for your institution (a role shared by a network of contacts across Canada), you play an essential part in promoting access to Canadian data resources.

DLI contacts generally provide assistance in finding, accessing and analyzing Statistics Canada data and products. While contacts may not always be experts in statistical software and data analysis, they are able to refer users to others in their institution or to the DLI community (through the listserv) who can help answer technical and methodological questions.

DLI contacts have the following responsibilities:

User support: DLI contacts assist faculty members, staff and students with using Statistics Canada resources.
Licensing: DLI contacts ensure that the conditions of use of the DLI licence agreements are being abided by at their institutions.
Membership renewal: DLI contacts ensure that the annual membership fees are paid.
Liaison: The DLI contact communicates with member institutions through their network of contacts. These communications involve licensing changes, updates to member services, and outreach and professional development sessions.
Access: DLI contacts ensure that the program has current institutional intellectual property (IP) ranges to maintain IP-based access to resources.
Governance: DLI contacts may be asked to vote for their Regional Training Coordinator (RTC) if more than one person volunteers for an open position.

In addition to conducting a census every five years, Statistics Canada conducts a wide range of surveys on virtually all aspects of Canadian life. Statistics Canada makes data available to support research, industry and policy development. Understanding some basic data concepts will help inform what products are available through which access programs.

Data terminology

Aggregate data

Information derived directly from statistical microdata files or statistical aggregate files. Unlike statistical microdata files, aggregate statistics do not record information at the level of individual units of observation. In other words, they are the result of grouping data at an aggregate or macro level (e.g., people in a specific age group, businesses or organizations in a particular industry, or households in a particular region).

Microdata file

A structured file containing information on individuals, businesses or organizations. A microdata file may come from a census of all units or from only a sample of units. In addition, the file may be the product of direct collection for statistical purposes, an administrative file where the statistical uses are not the primary purpose of the collection or a combination of the two.

There are three types of microdata files:

Master files: For each survey conducted, a master file is constructed, which contains all responses from each respondent recorded in the format specified on the questionnaire. Access to master files is available only through the research data centres (RDC) by application.
Synthetic files: Continuing with the focus on offering new alternative access options, Statistics Canada is investing in researching methods for creating synthetic data. Synthetic data can take on a variety of forms and possess a range of quality characteristics, but the main goal is always to offer a microdata access option that poses little or no disclosure risk and—therefore—can be released to the general public.
Public use microdata files (PUMFs): PUMFs consist of sets of records that contain information on individuals or households (microdata). They are non-aggregated data that are modified carefully then reviewed to ensure that no individual or business is identified directly or indirectly.

Documentation

Statistics Canada releases supporting documentation along with its microdata files. This documentation is needed for the use and interpretation of microdata files and can include survey questionnaires, instructions to interviewers, codebooks, user guides, record layouts, data dictionaries, frequency files and cv tables, among others.

Administrative data

Administrative data are information collected by governments or private-sector organizations as part of their ongoing operations, for example, records of births and deaths, taxation records, records of the flow of goods and people across borders, and data collected by satellites. Like most other statistical agencies, Statistics Canada uses administrative data instead of or in addition to survey data and to support statistical operations.

Data terminology resources

Statistics Canada's Definitions, data sources and methods: This information is provided to ensure an understanding of the basic concepts that define the data, including variables and classifications, the underlying statistical methods and surveys, and key aspects of the data quality. Direct access to questionnaires is also provided.
Statistics: Power from Data! glossary: These definitions provide information to those who have statistics-related questions but who do not require highly technical explanations.

Continuum of microdata access

Access to microdata is made available through a variety of dissemination channels.

The following table outlines the dissemination channels available for aggregated data and microdata.

	Statistics Canada website	Data Liberation Initiative	Product sales and customized tabulations	Real Time Remote Access (RTRA) program	Research data centres
Who can access	General public	Students, faculty members and staff of member postsecondary institutions	Individual members of organizations	Individual members of organizations, postsecondary students, governments with a membership	Approved researchers (individual members of organizations, postsecondary students, governments)
Conditions	Statistics Canada Open Licence	The majority of products fall under the Statistics Canada Open Licence. Access to products outside of the open licence is restricted to teaching, research and statistical purposes. Please refer to Application process and guidelines for more information.	Purchase confirmation between Statistics Canada and individual members of an organization	RTRA agreement and Statistics Canada open data licence	Deemed Statistics Canada employee status
Data available	Electronic standard data products and publications	Standard data products, public use microdata files, postal code data products, etc.	Tables from confidential files that are specially processed by Statistics Canada for a fee.	"Dummy" microdata files for various social survey and administrative datasets, which provide statistical table outputs.	Confidential microdata files and administrative datasets
Mode of access	Available on the Internet	Electronic file transfer service	Custom tabulation distributed to client	Electronic file transfer service	A secure research data centre

Not all surveys and statistical programs produce data products. Many divisions do not create PUMFs, as these are costly to produce and must be vetted by the Microdata Release Committee (Statistics Canada's confidentiality control for microdata files). Some divisions create only standard tables that are available through the Statistics Canada website and charge retrieval fees for more in-depth requests (e.g., custom tabulations). Although the data may be freely available, cost recovery charges apply for the analyst's time.

Governance

External Advisory Committee

The DLI is guided by its External Advisory Committee (EAC). The EAC meets biannually and is composed of representatives appointed from DLI member institutions, Statistics Canada and external organizations. For a current listing of DLI-EAC members, visit the Governance section of the DLI website.

Professional Development Committee

The DLI Professional Development Committee (PDC), which reports to the EAC, is responsible for the ongoing development of a data services curriculum for postsecondary staff who support the DLI at their institutions. The PDC consists of eight RTCs, one college representative, a chair and a DLI section representative. For a current listing of PDC members, visit the Governance section of the DLI website.

Regional Training Coordinators

Two RTCs for each of the four regions (Atlantic Canada, Quebec, Ontario and Western Canada) and one college representative sit on the DLI-PDC, and they are responsible for

identifying training needs within their region
communicating those needs to the PDC both for the purpose of budgeting for training and for coordinating national training activities
organizing local training events
developing their local region's training program.

DLI contact

Member institutions designate their DLI contact and alternate. The DLI contact is responsible for promoting and facilitating access to Statistics Canada resources and ensures that the DLI licence is followed. See the Manage your membership section below for more information on the DLI licence.

Member institutions must have one DLI contact, but the selection of an alternate is optional. The DLI contact and alternate need to be familiar with the DLI and Statistics Canada resources to be able to assist users with their data-related questions. Additionally, it is advised that the DLI contact be familiar with the resources available on campus to assist users with data-related questions, such as the use of statistical software, in the event the DLI contact does not have those skill sets.

See the User community for a list of contacts at each DLI member institution.

Changing a DLI contact

If your institution's DLI contact changes, please advise the Self-Serve Access section. The DLI contact's contact information should also be updated if the current DLI contact goes on extended leave (e.g., sabbatical, maternity leave). Please provide the date on which the change will be effective and the name of the new contact, as well as the person's position title, mailing address, email address, phone number and fax number.

Manage your membership

Manage your membership

When a DLI contact is identified, they are provided with access to DLI resources, including the electronic file transfer (EFT) service and the mailing list (dlilist).

Electronic file transfer password

The DLI EFT site is a repository used to disseminate the DLI collection. Users of the EFT are limited to an institution's DLI contact or alternate. The EFT requires that each user have their own unique user ID and password. When a new contact has been identified, the DLI unit sends the EFT account information via email. To request a password reset, contact the Self-Serve Access section.

dlilist

The DLI listserv is used by DLI contacts to get information on the DLI collection and data licences, as well as to provide feedback about Statistics Canada products and services.

The dlilist is a subscription-based listserv, which means that only registered users can post and receive messages. Messages from the list are sent to all registered users by email.

The listserv home page is available.

If you are attempting to connect off campus, you will need to connect using a VPN.

Subscribing and unsubscribing
- To subscribe to the dlilist, email the Self-Serve Access section.
- To post a message to the dlilist, email dlilist@idd-dli.statcan.gc.ca.
- To unsubscribe from the list, send a blank email to DLILIST-signoff-request@idd-dli.statcan.gc.ca.
Disclaimer

The dlilist is an opt-in listserv. By using this service, you agree that your email address and any communications will be made available to the other dlilist users. All communications will be archived in Statistics Canada's mailing list archive. The opinions expressed are those of the dlilist users and are not representative of Statistics Canada.

Dlilist archives

Messages from the dlilist are archived and kept in a protected, searchable archive that can be accessed by DLI contacts.

2014 to present: dlilist archives.

Membership renewal

A DLI annual membership runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.DLI memberships are renewed on an annual basis between April and June each year.

DLI contacts are responsible for making sure that the annual membership fees are paid. Some member institutions assign the paying of membership fees to a specific department in the library. Others have the invoicing fees sent to the DLI contact who coordinates payment internally. To change who the purchase confirmation and invoice should be directed to, contact the Invoicing section.
Learn

Learn

Training sessions

Every year, the DLI conducts one training session in each of its four regions: Atlantic Canada, Quebec, Ontario and Western Canada. These multi-day sessions are open to anyone who provides services for the DLI. However, priority goes to primary DLI contacts and alternates. The DLI hosts a national training session approximately every four years (usually in conjunction with IASSIST being held in Canada). This is the opportunity for the entire DLI community to meet.

RTCs are responsible for organizing the training in each of their regions with support from the DLI unit. Topics range from basic data service skills to advanced sessions that build on prior training. These training sessions allow DLI contacts to learn from one another and from Statistics Canada subject-matter experts.

Travel subsidies

Financial support for transportation to training is offered to each DLI contact or their representative to attend one training session per fiscal year. All travel requests must be approved by the DLI unit before being booked. If a contact or alternate gives a presentation at the training session, additional subsidies may be made available. For more information, visit the Governance section of the DLI website.

Statistics Canada data literacy training initiative

The data literacy training initiative provides a wealth of resources aimed at those who are new to data or those who have some experience with data but may need a refresher or want to expand their knowledge. The goal of this initiative is to provide learners with the basic concepts and skills related to a range of data literacy topics, including What is Data? An Introduction to Data Terminology and Concepts and Types of Data: Understanding and Exploring Data.

Data Access Division (DAD) Newsletter

The purpose of the DAD Newsletter is to inform subscribers and users of ongoing divisional initiatives. This includes providing updates on DLI projects and local data-related and modernization initiatives, as well as any updates on our other data access modes, such as RTRA and RDCs.

Feedback, ideas and DLI submissions for future issues of the newsletter are welcome. Please send them to the Self-Serve Access section.

Training Repository

The DLI Training Repository contains workshop presentations from DLI training and from conferences. The DLI unit is responsible for uploading presentations and materials to the repository after each training session. These materials are available for anyone to view and download.

For more information on the Training Repository, visit the repository web page. For more details about the history of the Training Repository, consult the presentation titled Creating a Repository of Training Materials: The Canadian Experience by Jane Fry from Carleton University (English only).

Data Interest Group for Reference Services

Hosted at the University of Alberta, Data Interest Group for Reference Services (DIGRS) content is based primarily on questions and answers from the DLI listserv from 2004 to the present. The content is presented in a user-friendly manner and information can be retrieved through keyword searches or by searching by date or category.

Citing data

The importance of citing data

Bibliographic references are important when using the data or ideas of others in your written work. References credit your sources and allow your readers to find those sources. Additional information is available here: How to Cite Statistics Canada Products.

Access

What is in the DLI collection?

The DLI collection is composed primarily of standard products produced by Statistics Canada, including PUMFs, aggregated data tables and boundary files. Licensed collections include sample files from the Discharge Abstract Database (DAD) from the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI), postal code data products from Canada Post and the Social Policy Simulation Database and Model (SPSD/M).

Electronic file transfer site

About the site

The DLI EFT site is the data repository of the DLI collection. To ensure the absolute protection of data files, the EFT requires that each user have their own unique user ID and password.

The EFT service supports a file transfer protocol (FTP) standard for sending and receiving files. DLI contacts will need an FTP application, such as WS_FTP or filezilla, to access the EFT site.

Understanding the directory structure

The DLI EFT collection contains five subdirectories, which are outlined in the table below. Some DLI contacts may not be able to view all of the directories if your institution has not signed the appropriate DLI licences (e.g., Postal Code Conversion File [PCCF] or SPSD/M).

. Readme-Key_Lisezmoi-cle.xls lists all PUMFs by survey name, acronym and record number for easier searching of data files.

. other-products_autres-produits.xls lists all aggregate data files by survey name, acronym and record number for easier searching of data files.

Safe name	Contents	Licence
MAD_PUMF_FMGD_DAM	Survey public use microdata files and metadata, organized according to their survey record number, acronym and year	Statistics Canada Open Licence Agreement
MAD_DLI_IDD_DAM	DLI annual reports, DLI training materials, CD-ROM data products, geography files, Census of Population and Census of Agriculture files, aggregate data files, and more	Statistics Canada Open Licence Agreement
MAD-PCCF_FCCP_DAM	Postal Code Conversion File, Postal Code Conversion File Plus and Postal Codes by Federal Ridings File	Section I – Postal Code OM Conversion File (PCCF) Access: PCCF Licence
MAD_CIHI_ICIS_DAM	Discharge Abstract Database from the Canadian Institute for Health Information	Section III – Discharge Abstract Database (DAD) Analytic File Access – DAD Licence
MAD_SPSDM_BDMSPS_DAM	Social Policy Simulation Database and Model	Section II – Social Policy Simulation Database and Model (SPSD/M) Access: SPSD/M Licence

MAD_PUMF_FMGD_DAM

Each year of a survey is usually contained in a separate subdirectory. The secondary level in the survey breaks down the information based on data (data) and documentation (doc). The readme file for the survey is also found at this level. The data folder contains a zipped file with the data. The data can take the form of microdata in ascii, SPSS, STATA or SAS format. The documentation folder includes the metadata, which is the information required to interpret and understand the microdata.

For example:

/MAD_PUMF_FMGD_DAM/Root/
/3250_APS_EAPA
/1991
/2001
/2001-Children
/2006
/age-06-14
/age-15+
/data
/doc
lisezeapa2006-age-15+.txt
readaps2006-age-15+.txt
/3251_PALS_EPLA

With respect to the General Social Survey (GSS) folders, please consult the EFT key titled Readme-Key_Lisezmoi-clé.xls. A note of the GSS cycles (far right column) indicates the associated cycles.

MAD_DLI_IDD_DAM

Census folders

Census folders are organized by census year. The way each census-year folder is organized varies from year to year. Generally, for the Census of Population, folders within a census year are organized either by data type (e.g., b2020, PUMF) or by topic (e.g., labour, income). For the Census of Agriculture, the way the folders are organized can vary by data type (e.g., Excel), geography (e.g., small area, agricultural region), or data and documentation. Sometimes the quickest way to find a census file is to email the DLI list asking where it is.

Geography folder

The geography folder is initially broken down by census year. The secondary level of breakdown identifies the type of information sought. For example, a user may be seeking reference maps, boundary files or a specific product. The readme once again becomes a critical tool for navigating the folder.

Reports folder

The reports folder contains materials of particular interest to DLI contacts, such as the EAC biannual report, DLI updates, and meeting minutes for both the EAC and PDC. In addition, users can find the images of the new DLI graphic identifier.

Other-Autres folder (e.g., data tables, CD-ROM products)

The other folder provides a listing of additional data products organized according to their survey record number or catalogue number and corresponding survey or product acronym. The DLI unit has begun using this naming convention to conserve server space and harmonize both official languages. In addition, users seeking clarity on the record numbers or acronyms are invited to use the Excel workbook housed in the folder (other-products_autres-produits.xls). The workbook functions are key for helping to explain the nomenclature. The CD-ROM products found in this folder are available in a zipped format for download. Occasionally, the user will be need to download the contents of the CD-ROM, unzip them and then burn them onto a CD-ROM (this will be noted in the file's readme). Many of the products have unusual proprietary structures and—as a result—must be run from a CD instead of being downloaded to a hard drive.

MAD_CIHI_ICIS_DAM

The CIHI safe contains sample files from the DAD. Data for 2009 onward are currently available in clearly labelled subfolders.

MAD_PCCF_FCCP_DAM

The PCCF safe is initially broken down by census year. The secondary level of breakdown identifies the postal code data product:

PCCF (folder: pccf-fccp)
Postal Codes by Federal Ridings File (folder: pcfrf-fcpcef)
Postal Code Conversion File Plus (folder: ppcf-fccp-plus)

Within each subfolder, a readme file provides a product description and a summary of changes to the product (e.g., starting in June 2013, the PCCF is available only as a standard package for Canada [no longer available at the province level] and is updated and released annually [previously released semiannually]). The readme file also lists the title of the product (e.g., PCCF for August 2015), the release date (e.g., February 12, 2016), the frequency of release and the directory.

MAD_SPSDM_BDMSPS_DAM

In 2016, the DLI unit created the SPSD/M safe. Subfolders are labelled by version, each containing its own unique install files and instructions. Please consult the readme files housed within the folders for more information.

File-naming convention

Files located on the EFT site follow a similar naming convention. When the files are received from the author division, they are renamed to fit the DLI naming convention. Therefore, a file produced by the subject-matter division may differ from the file located on the DLI EFT site.

Files are initially named according to the survey acronym followed by the year or cycle of the survey, then by type of document.

Documents and their extensions

If a file is updated or replaced by the subject-matter division, an additional extension will be added identifying the version number, for example,

User Guide for the 2003 Household Internet Use Survey: hius2003gid.pdf
Questionnaire for the 2009 Survey of Household Spending: shs2009que.pdf.

readme files

The readme file is a quick reference guide to the DLI EFT site. Once in a folder (e.g., survey, census, geography), the readme file provides a breakdown of the contents of the folder. This includes not only the file names, but also longer titles, which allows users to identify the file they are looking for. The readme file also includes the size and length of the data file for PUMFs to perform a quick verification that the file was transferred from the EFT to the user's computer successfully.

Retrieving files from the EFT site

Using specialized FTP software, access and log into the DLI EFT site. The hostname, userid and password are provided by the DLI unit.

When you have located the files you wish to download, mark them and transfer them to your computer. Make sure to select the receiving folder on your computer before initiating the transaction.

Another useful tip is to set the transfer mode based on the type of file you are transferring. A good idea is to set your default to auto so that the program selects the right transfer mode based on the file extension. As a general rule, all files should be downloaded in binary except for files with the following extensions: .txt, .sps, .sas and .dat.

Once you have downloaded the data files, decompress (unzip) them as necessary. If the documentation is zipped, it will require unzipping.

If you encounter any problems, please contact the Self-Serve Access section.

Requesting data not found in the DLI collection

If you identify a product that you think should be a part of the DLI collection, please submit your request on the dlilist.

Secondary data distributors

Computing in the Humanities and Social Sciences (CHASS)

(institutional membership required)

CHASS is a computing facility in the Faculty of Arts and Science at the University of Toronto. It offers a collection of social sciences and general interest databases (e.g., International Monetary Fund and World Bank tables) and two databases with Statistics Canada data: Canadian census – census profile data at various levels of geography back to 1961

Microdata analysis and subsetting with survey documentation and analysis (SDA) on CHASS

(institutional membership required)

CANSIM on CHASS

SDA @ CHASS is a set of programs for the documentation and web-based analysis of survey data. SDA also has procedures for creating customized subsets of datasets.

Abacus Dataverse Network

(institutional membership required)

Abacus Dataverse Network is the research data repository of the British Columbia Research Libraries' data services—a collaboration involving the data libraries at Simon Fraser University, the University of British Columbia, the University of Northern British Columbia and the University of Victoria.

Ontario Data Documentation, Extraction Service and Infrastructure Initiative (ODESI)

(institutional membership required)

ODESI is a digital repository for social science data, including DLI data and a range of public opinion polls. It is a web-based data exploration, extraction and analysis tool created by Scholars Portal—a service of the Ontario Council of University Libraries (OCUL)—and is available to authorized users from Ontario universities and subscribing institutions. ODESI metadata are openly available to the world.

Scholars Portal Dataverse

(institutional membership required)

Scholars Portal Dataverse is a repository primarily for research data collected by researchers and organizations provided by Scholars Portal on behalf of OCUL and other participating institutions, although anyone is welcome to use it to deposit, share and archive data.

Données statistiques et géographiques

Données statistiques et géographiques was developed by the Quebec university libraries and enables access to DLI geographic products and aggregate data. Access to data is restricted to students, researchers and professors at participating universities.

Open Data – Government of Canada

Search open data that are relevant to Canadians, learn how to work with datasets and see what people have done with open data across the country.

Canadian Century Research Infrastructure

The Canadian Century Research Infrastructure (CCRI) is a pan-Canadian, multidisciplinary and multi-institutional effort to develop a set of interrelated databases centred on data from Canadian censuses from 1911 to 1951. The CCRI gateway website is hosted by the University of Alberta and provides access to microdata, as well as a geographical framework developed to enable the location, selection, aggregation and analysis of census and contextual data.

Glossary

Glossary

A

Abacus

Abacus Dataverse Network is the research data repository of the British Columbia Research Libraries' data services—a collaboration involving the data libraries at Simon Fraser University, the University of British Columbia, the University of Northern British Columbia and the University of Victoria.

Administrative data

Information collected by government or private-sector organizations as part of their ongoing operations.

Aggregate data

Statistics that are organized into a data structure and stored in a database or data file. The data structure is based on tabulations organized by time, geography or social content.

C

Canadian Century Research Infrastructure

A pan-Canadian database centred on data from the Canadian census from 1911 to 1951.

Canadian Institute for Health Information

An independent, not-for-profit organization that provides essential information on Canada's health systems and the health of Canadians. The institute has shared access to sample files from the Discharge Abstract Database with the Data Liberation Initiative community.

CCRI

See Canadian Century Research Infrastructure.

CHASS

See Computing in the Humanities and Social Sciences.

CIHI

See Canadian Institute for Health Information.

Codebooks

A generic term often used to describe the user guide, record layout and data dictionary or combinations of these documents.

Command files

Defines the microdata file by providing the name of the dataset; the variable locations (column locations and widths), names and labels; and value labels and missing value locations.

Computing in the Humanities and Social Sciences

This is a computing facility within the Faculty of Arts and Science at the University of Toronto.

Continuum of access

A dissemination model used by Statistics Canada that helps users identify the various levels of data access at Statistics Canada, of which the Data Liberation Initiative is one avenue.

Cross tabulation

Cross tabulation groups variables to understand the correlation between different variables. Also known as "cross tab".

Customized tabulations

Tables from confidential files that are specially processed by Statistics Canada for a fee and are also known as "custom tabs."

CV tables

Coefficients of variation tables are used to assess the quality of the data.

D

DAD

See Discharge Abstract Database.

Data

A collection of data objects stored together in electronic form, according to one schema, and accessible by computer.

Data Access Division Newsletter

The purpose of this newsletter is to inform subscribers and users of ongoing divisional initiatives.

Data dictionaries

Data dictionaries are used to find general information on the variables in a survey, the codes for the variables, missing value assignments and frequency counts.

Data Interest Group for Reference Services

Hosted at the University of Alberta, Data Interest Group for Reference Services content is based primarily on questions and answers from the Data Liberation Initiative listserv from 2004 to present.

Data Liberation Initiative

The Data Liberation Initiative is a partnership between Statistics Canada and Canadian postsecondary institutions with the objective of promoting and facilitating the availability of Statistics Canada data and other Canadian data for educational and academic research purposes.

DIGRS

See Data Interest Group for Reference Services.

Discharge Abstract Database

The Discharge Abstract Database consists of research analytic files on patient discharges from hospital, including codes for treatments and diagnostics from the Canadian Institute for Health Information.

DLI

See Data Liberation Initiative.

DLI alternate

An alternate is identified by the Data Liberation Initiative (DLI) contact to assist them in their DLI role at the institution.

DLI contact

The primary point of contact between the end users and the Data Liberation Initiative program.

DLI licence

The formal agreement between Statistics Canada (Data Liberation Initiative program) and participating postsecondary institutions.

DLI unit

The Statistics Canada unit responsible for administering the Data Liberation Initiative partnership.

dlilist

The Data Liberation Initiative (DLI) listserv is the primary communication tool for the DLI community.

Dummy files

Dummy files are created by author divisions by reproducing the master file and distorting the data. Dummy files do not contain actual data and can never be used for analysis.

E

EAC

See External Advisory Committee.

EFT

See Electronic File Transfer.

Electronic File Transfer

A Statistics Canada service, where Data Liberation Initiative data can be accessed via a file transfer protocol.

External Advisory Committee

The committee's primary role is to advise the Data Liberation Initiative (DLI) on matters pertaining to the planning, promotion and implementation of DLI initiatives.

F

FTP

A file transfer protocol is a way to download files.

M

Master files

Master files are so-called "pure" datasets created by the author division. All variables and cases are available for analysis in the master file. The master file is not available to all users.

Member institutions

Member institutions are postsecondary institutions that subscribe to the Data Liberation Initiative.

Metadata

Documentation that accompanies and assists users in the interpretation of various data and geographic files.

Microdata

The data observed or collected directly from a specific unit of observation.

Microdata Release Committee

Statistics Canada's confidentiality control mechanism for the release of microdata files.

N

National training sessions

National training sessions are held every four years and allow the Data Liberation Initiative (DLI) community to come together and learn about data services. They also assist postsecondary institution users with accessing and using DLI data.

O

ODESI

See Ontario Data Documentation, Extraction Service and Infrastructure Initiative.

Ontario Data Documentation, Extraction Service and Infrastructure Initiative

ODESI is a digital repository for social science data. It includes Data Liberation Initiative data, as well as a range of public opinion polls created by the Ontario Council of University Libraries. It is available to authorized users from Ontario universities, but the metadata are openly available anyone.

Open Licence Agreement

Statistics Canada's Open Licence Agreement applies to standard and custom data products in the Data Liberation Initiative collection, but not to postal code files, the Discharge Abstract Database files or the Social Policy Simulation Database and Model.

P

PCCF

See Postal Code Conversion File.

PDC

See Professional Development Committee.

Postal Code Conversion File

A digital file that provides a correspondence between the six-character postal code and geographical areas for which census data and other statistics are produced.

Professional Development Committee

The Data Liberation Initiative Professional Development Committee reports to the External Advisory Committee and is tasked with planning and developing a training curriculum for regional workshops.

Public use microdata file

A master file that has been modified to minimize the possibility of disclosing a respondent's identity.

PUMF

See Public use microdata file.

Purchase confirmation

This is the purchase confirmation provided by Statistics Canada and accepted by the client to confirm their order when the total amount of the transaction is less than CAN$20,000.

Q

Questionnaire

A questionnaire is a list of questions posed to the survey respondent.

R

RDC

See Research data centre.

readme file

A quick reference guide on the Data Liberation Initiative electronic file transfer site that provides a breakdown of the contents of a folder.

Real Time Remote Access

An online remote access facility that allows subscribers to run SAS programs in real time against microdata sets located in a central and secure location.

Record layout

A record layout provides the names of the variables and their column position in the microdata file.

Regional Training Coordinator

A person selected to represent their region in identifying training priorities and carrying out Data Liberation Initiative training.

Regional training session

This training is held in four regions across Canada, the purpose of which is to prepare data services staff to assist postsecondary institution users with accessing and using Data Liberation Initiative data.

Research data centre

Research data centres provide researchers with access—in a secure university setting—to microdata from Statistics Canada's population and household surveys.

RTC

See Regional Training Coordinator.

RTRA

See Real Time Remote Access.

S

SAS

The Statistical Analysis System is a statistical analysis software program.

Scholar's Portal Dataverse

The Scholars Portal Dataverse is provided by Scholars Portal on behalf of the Ontario Council of University Libraries and other participating institutions.

SDA

Survey Documentation and Analysis is a set of programs used for the documentation and web-based analysis of survey data.

Social Policy Simulation Database and Model

A static microsimulation model available in the Data Liberation Initiative collection and subject to a licensing agreement.

SPSD/M

See Social Policy Simulation Database and Model.

SPSS

Statistical Package for the Social Sciences is a statistical analysis software program.

STATA

STATA is a statistical analysis software program.

Synthetic files

These files are created by author divisions by reproducing the master file and distorting the data. Synthetic files do not contain actual data and can never be used for analysis.

T

Training Repository

The Data Liberation Initiative (DLI) Training Repository contains training sessions and workshop presentations from the DLI and other national and international conferences over the years.

U

User guide

The user guide provides essential information to inform the use, analysis and interpretation of the microdata file.

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Date modified:: 2022-11-30

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Date modified:: 2025-12-16

Statistics 101: Correlation and causality

Watch the video

Statistics 101: Correlation and causality - Transcript

Statistics 101: Correlation and causality

Learning goals

Steps of a data journey

Step 3 and 4: Analyze, model and tell the story

Patterns and relationships

Correlation in data analysis

What is correlation?

Visualizing our data

Measuring correlation

Interpreting the correlation coefficient

Example 1

Calculating the correlation coefficient

Example 2

Knowledge check

Correlation =/= Causality

Causality

Beware the confirmation bias!

How to determine a causal relationship

Knowledge check: Is this relationship causal?

The importance of knowing the difference

Recap of key points

What did you think?

Archived - 2020 Annual Survey of Research and Development in Canadian Industry Reporting Guide

Reporting Guide

Reporting period information

Definitions and Concepts

Activities included and excluded from R&D

Inclusions

Exclusions

In-house R&D expenditures within Canada (Q4 - Q7)

Outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures (Q8 - Q11)

Sources of funds for in-house R&D expenditures in 2020 (Q16)

Fields of R&D for in-house R&D expenditures within Canada in 2020 (Q18)

In-house R&D personnel in 2020 (Q70 - Q72)

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

Technology and technical assistant payments in 2020 (Q73 - Q75)

Energy-related R&D by area of technology (Q22 - Q69)

Environmental and clean technology products in 2020

Introduction

Estimation

Disclosure control

Details on master file

Dummy codebooks and datasets

Results

RTRA SAS program submissions

Project relevance

Monthly Survey of Manufacturing: National Level CVs by Characteristic - February 2021

Monthly Survey of Manufacturing: National Weighted Rates by Source and Characteristic - February 2021

Canadian COVID-19 Antibody and Health SurveyCOVID-19 Antibodies: Frequently asked questions

1. What do the results mean?

2. If my COVID-19 antibody and/or PCR-saliva result is positive, do I need to do anything?

3. How accurate is the DBS test?

4. What is the benefit of having antibodies to COVID-19?

5. If I have antibodies can I get COVID-19 again?

6. Why do some people have a positive DBS test and others have a negative DBS test?

7. What does it mean if I tested positive for COVID-19 from the saliva PCR test but my antibody test is negative?

8. What does it mean if I tested negative from the saliva PCR test but my antibody test is positive?

9. What should I do if I have questions about my test results?

10. Do I still need to get vaccinated even if my results show I tested positive for COVID-19 antibodies?

11. I received my vaccine but received a negative antibody result. What does this mean?

11. Where can I find more information on the Canadian COVID-19 Antibody and Health Survey (CCAHS)?

13. Can participants withdraw their consent to the storage of their biospecimens in the Biobank?

14. What kind of analyses are performed on samples stored at the Biobank?

15. Will my dried blood spot and saliva samples be used in genetic testing?

16. How long will you keep my samples?

17. Where can I get more information about the Biobank?

Backgrounder for the 2021 Census

Associated links

Archived - 2020 Annual Oil and Gas Extraction Survey

Why do we conduct this survey?

Other important information

Business or organization and contact information

Main activity

Method of collection

Attach files

Accounting Standards and Methods

North American Industry Classification System

Canadian COVID-19 Antibody and Health Survey
COVID-19 Antibodies: Frequently asked questions