Getting started

Why are we conducting this survey?

Statistics Canada is conducting a survey about the health and well-being of Canadians. The Canadian Community Health Survey asks people from all provinces and territories about their health status, factors that affect their health and their use of health care services.

One of the main goals of the survey is to gather information to help improve health programs and services provided in your region.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Although voluntary, your participation is important so that the information collected is as accurate and complete as possible.

Other important information

Authorization and confidentiality

Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19. Your information will be kept strictly confidential.

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the response burden, Statistics Canada will combine the information you provide with information from the tax data of all members of your household. Statistics Canada and your provincial or territorial ministry of health, or the Institut de la statistique du Québec for Quebec respondents, may also combine the information you provide with other surveys or administrative sources.

Statistics Canada may also combine the information you provide with other survey or administrative data sources.

Contact us if you have any questions or concerns about record linkage:

Email: Infostats

Telephone: 1-877-949-9492

Mail:

Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of Director, Centre for Population Health Data
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0T6

Relationship status

Do you have a spouse or long-term partner?

• Yes
• No

What was your partner's sex at birth?

Sex refers to sex assigned at birth.

• Male
• Female

Fertility

The next few questions are about fertility, infertility, the chances of becoming pregnant, and the use of medical services to help people to conceive children.

In the time that you and your partner have been together, how many children have you or your partner given birth to?

Exclude stillbirths and current pregnancy.

• Number of children
  • 0
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8
  • 9
  • 10
  • 11
  • 12
  • More than 12

What was the longest amount of time you and your partner actively tried to become pregnant before successfully conceiving?

Please enter the duration in months or years. If you have tried to conceive more than once, please refer to the longest attempt.

If you never actively tried to become pregnant, please enter "0".

• Duration
• Months or years
  • Months
  • Years

Is your partner currently pregnant?

• Yes
• No

In the past 12 months, did you or your partner become pregnant?

• Yes
• No

In the past 12 months, have you or your partner used any birth control methods?

e.g., condoms, birth control pills, intra-uterine device (IUD), the withdrawal method, and other birth control methods

• Yes
• No

Given that you or your partner have not used a birth control method in the past 12 months, which of the following best describes your situation?

Would you say:

• You are trying to conceive a child
• You have been told by a medical professional that you or your partner has a medical condition that makes it unlikely for you as a couple to have children
• You or your partner reached menopause
• You or your partner has had a vasectomy, a hysterectomy or a tubal ligation, also known as "having your tubes tied"
• Other

Which one of you has a medical condition that makes it unlikely for you as a couple to have children?

Select all that apply.

• You
• Your partner

Sometimes people have difficulty in conceiving a child and need help such as getting medical advice, fertility counselling and testing, fertility drugs or medical procedures to become pregnant.

In the time that you and your partner have been together, have you or your partner encountered problems in conceiving a child?

• Yes
• No
• Never tried to conceive a child

Have you or your partner seen a doctor or other health care provider about this?

Include professionals you visited for the purpose of assistance or advice to help conceive a child.

• Yes
• No

What are the reasons you or your partner have not seen a doctor or other health care provider about this?

Select all that apply.

Would you say:

• Lack of time
• Cost
• Feelings of fear or discomfort
• There are no health care providers in the area
• Other

While you and your partner were trying to conceive a child, did you use any of the following methods?

Select all that apply.

• Techniques to track menstrual cycle and ovulation
  e.g., period-tracking mobile applications, ovulation predictor tests
• Fertility enhancing drugs prescribed by a doctor
  e.g., clomiphene citrate, also known as clomidTM, letrozole
• Assisted reproductive technology
  e.g., in-vitro fertilization (IVF), intra-uterine insemination (IUI), artificial insemination
• Other medical treatment
  OR
• None of the above

In the time that you and your partner have been together, have you and your partner ever tried to conceive a child over a period of at least 12 consecutive months without becoming pregnant?

Include any pregnancies that occurred, even if they did not result in a live birth, such as a miscarriage or stillbirth.

• Yes
• No

Under the authority of the Statistics Act, Statistics Canada is hereby requesting the following information, which will be used solely for statistical and research purposes and will be protected in accordance with the provisions of the Statistics Act and any other applicable law. This is a mandatory request for data.

• Canadian military experience
  • Canadian Armed Forces personnel file

Business or organization information

1. Which of the following categories best describes this business or organization?

• Government agency
• Private sector business
• Non-profit organization
  • Who does this organization primarily serve?
    • Households or individuals
      e.g., child and youth services, community food services, food bank, women’s shelter, community housing services, emergency relief services, religious organization, grant and giving services, social advocacy group, arts and recreation group
    • Businesses
      e.g., business association, chamber of commerce, condominium association, environmental support or protection services, group benefit carriers (pensions, health, medical)
• Don’t know

2. In what year was this business or organization first established?

Please provide the year this business or organization first began operations.

Year business or organization was first established:
OR
Don’t know

• Approximately how long ago was this business or organization first established?
  • 2 years ago or less
    Established in 2026, 2025, or 2024.
  • 3 to 10 years ago
    Established in 2016 to 2023.
  • 11 to 20 years ago
    Established in 2006 to 2015.
  • More than 20 years ago
    Established in 2005 or earlier.
  • Don’t know

3. Over the last 12 months, which of the following international activities did this business or organization conduct?

Select all that apply.

• Export or sell goods outside of Canada
  Include both intermediate and final goods.
• Export or sell services outside of Canada
  Include services delivered virtually and in person.
  e.g., software, cloud services, legal services, environmental services, architectural services, digital advertising
• Make investments outside of Canada
• Sell goods to businesses or organizations in Canada who then resold them outside of Canada
• Import or buy goods from outside of Canada
  Include both intermediate and final goods.
• Import or buy services from outside of Canada
  Include services received virtually and in person.
  e.g., software, cloud services, legal services, environmental services, architectural services, digital advertising
• Relocate any business or organizational activities or employees from another country into Canada
  Exclude temporary foreign workers.
• Relocate any business or organizational activities or employees from Canada to another country
• Engage in other international business or organizational activities
  OR
• None of the above

4. Over the next three months, how are each of the following expected to change for this business or organization?

Exclude seasonal factors or conditions.

• Number of employees
  • Increase
  • Stay about the same
  • Decrease
  • Not applicable
  • Don’t know
• Vacant positions
  • Increase
  • Stay about the same
  • Decrease
  • Not applicable
  • Don’t know
• Sales of goods or services offered by this business or organization
  • Increase
  • Stay about the same
  • Decrease
  • Not applicable
  • Don’t know
• Selling price of goods or services offered by this business or organization
  • Increase
  • Stay about the same
  • Decrease
  • Not applicable
  • Don’t know
• Demand for goods or services offered by this business or organization
  • Increase
  • Stay about the same
  • Decrease
  • Not applicable
  • Don’t know
• Imports of goods or services
  • Increase
  • Stay about the same
  • Decrease
  • Not applicable
  • Don’t know
• Exports of goods or services
  • Increase
  • Stay about the same
  • Decrease
  • Not applicable
  • Don’t know
• Operating income
  • Increase
  • Stay about the same
  • Decrease
  • Not applicable
  • Don’t know
• Operating expenses
  • Increase
  • Stay about the same
  • Decrease
  • Not applicable
  • Don’t know
• Profitability
  • Increase
  • Stay about the same
  • Decrease
  • Not applicable
  • Don’t know
• Cash reserves
  • Increase
  • Stay about the same
  • Decrease
  • Not applicable
  • Don’t know
• Capital expenditures
  e.g., machinery, equipment
  • Increase
  • Stay about the same
  • Decrease
  • Not applicable
  • Don’t know
• Training expenditures
  • Increase
  • Stay about the same
  • Decrease
  • Not applicable
  • Don’t know
• Marketing and advertising budget
  • Increase
  • Stay about the same
  • Decrease
  • Not applicable
  • Don’t know
• Expenditures in research and development
  • Increase
  • Stay about the same
  • Decrease
  • Not applicable
  • Don’t know
• Online sales 
  • Increase
  • Stay about the same
  • Decrease
  • Not applicable
  • Don’t know

Business or organization obstacles

5. Over the next three months, which of the following are expected to be obstacles for this business or organization?

Select all that apply.

• Shortage of labour force
• Recruiting skilled employees
• Retaining skilled employees
• Shortage of space or equipment
• Cost of inputs
  An input is an economic resource used in a firm’s production process.
  e.g., labour, capital, energy and raw materials
• Costs in real estate, leasing or property taxes
• Inflation
• Interest rates and debt costs
  e.g., borrowing fees, interest payments
• Difficulty acquiring inputs, products or supplies from within Canada
• Difficulty acquiring inputs, products or supplies from abroad
• Maintaining inventory levels
• Insufficient demand for goods or services offered
• Fluctuations in consumer demand
• Attracting new or returning customers
• Lack of financial resources
• Technological limitations
• Regulatory constraints
• Cost of insurance
• Transportation costs
• Obtaining financing
• Increasing competition 
• Challenges related to exporting or selling goods and services to customers in other provinces or territories
• Challenges related to exporting or selling goods and services outside of Canada
• Maintaining sufficient cash flow or managing debt
• Attracting local investment
• Attracting foreign direct investment

• Other obstacle

  • Specify other obstacle:

  OR

• None of the above

Flow condition: If at least two obstacles are selected in Q5, go to Q6. Otherwise, go to Q7.
Display condition: Display in Q6 the obstacles selected in Q5.

6. Of the obstacles selected in the previous question, which obstacle is expected to be the most challenging over the next three months?

• Shortage of labour force
• Recruiting skilled employees
• Retaining skilled employees
• Shortage of space or equipment
• Cost of inputs 
  An input is an economic resource used in a firm’s production process.
  e.g., labour, capital, energy and raw materials
• Costs in real estate, leasing or property taxes
• Inflation
• Interest rates and debt costs
  e.g., borrowing fees, interest payments
• Difficulty acquiring inputs, products or supplies from within Canada
• Difficulty acquiring inputs, products or supplies from abroad
• Maintaining inventory levels
• Insufficient demand for goods or services offered
• Fluctuations in consumer demand
• Attracting new or returning customers
• Lack of financial resources
• Technological limitations
• Regulatory constraints
• Cost of insurance
• Transportation costs
• Obtaining financing
• Increasing competition 
• Challenges related to exporting or selling goods and services to customers in other provinces or territories
• Challenges related to exporting or selling goods and services outside of Canada
• Maintaining sufficient cash flow or managing debt
• Attracting local investment
• Attracting foreign direct investment
• Other obstacle

Flow condition: If “Cost of inputs” is selected in Q5, go to Q7. Otherwise, go to Q8.

7. Over the next three months, which of the following costs of inputs are expected to be obstacles for this business or organization?

Select all that apply.

• Cost of labour
• Cost of capital
  e.g., land, real estate, machinery, or tools
• Cost of energy
• Cost of raw materials
  OR
• Don’t know

Flow condition: If “Difficulty acquiring inputs, products or supplies from within Canada”, “Difficulty acquiring inputs, products or supplies from abroad”, or “Maintaining inventory levels” is selected in Q5, go to Q8. Otherwise, go to Q11.

Display condition: If “Difficulty acquiring inputs, products or supplies from within Canada”, “Difficulty acquiring inputs, products or supplies from abroad”, or “Maintaining inventory levels” is selected in Q5, display in Q8.

Supply chain challenges

8. How long does this business or organization expect the following to continue to be an obstacle?

• Difficulty acquiring inputs, products or supplies from within Canada
  • Less than 3 months
  • 3 months to less than 6 months
  • 6 months to less than 12 months
  • 12 months or more
  • Don’t know
• Difficulty acquiring inputs, products or supplies from abroad
  • Less than 3 months
  • 3 months to less than 6 months
  • 6 months to less than 12 months
  • 12 months or more
  • Don’t know
• Maintaining inventory levels
  • Less than 3 months
  • 3 months to less than 6 months
  • 6 months to less than 12 months
  • 12 months or more
  • Don’t know

9. Over the last three months, how have supply chain challenges experienced by this business or organization changed?

Supply chain challenges include difficulty acquiring inputs, products or supplies from within Canada or abroad and difficulty maintaining inventory levels.

Exclude seasonal factors or conditions.

• Supply chain challenges have worsened
  • Which of the following factors have contributed to these challenges?
    Select all that apply.
    • Increased prices of inputs, products or supplies
    • Increased delays in deliveries of inputs, products or supplies
    • Supply shortages resulted in fewer inputs, products or supplies being available
    • Supply shortages resulted in no inputs, products or supplies available

    • Other factor

      • Specify other factor:

      OR

    • Don’t know
• Supply chain challenges have remained about the same
• Supply chain challenges have improved

10. Over the next three months, how does this business or organization expect supply chain challenges to change?

Supply chain challenges include difficulty acquiring inputs, products or supplies from within Canada or abroad and difficulty maintaining inventory levels.
Exclude seasonal factors or conditions.

• Supply chain challenges are expected to worsen
• Supply chain challenges are expected to remain about the same
• Supply chain challenges are expected to improve

Flow condition: If “Government agency” was selected in Q1, go to Q12. Otherwise, go to Q11.
Display condition: If “Non-profit organization” is selected in Q1, do not display “Transfer the business” or “Sell the business” in Q11.

Expectations for the next year

11. Over the next 12 months, does this business or organization plan to do any of the following?

Select all that apply.

• Expand current location of this business or organization
• Expand operations of this business or organization internationally
• Expand operations of this business or organization into a new province or territory within Canada
• Move operations of this business or organization to another location within the province or territory
• Move operations of this business or organization to another province or territory within Canada entirely
• Expand this business or organization to other locations within the same province or territory
• Expand this business or organization without increasing physical space
  i.e., hiring more staff who will work remotely, or expanding online sales capacity
• Restructure this business or organization
  Restructuring involves changing the financial, operational, legal or other structures of the business or organization to make it more efficient or more profitable.
• Acquire other businesses, organizations or franchises
• Invest in other businesses or organizations
• Merge with other businesses or organizations
• Reduce the physical space of this business or organization
• Scale down operations of this business or organization to within a single province or territory within Canada
• Transfer the business
• Sell the business
  OR
• Close the business or organization
  OR
• Don’t know
  OR
• None of the above

Flow condition: If “Export or sell goods outside of Canada” or “Export or sell services outside of Canada” was selected in Q3, go to Q12. Otherwise, go to Q13.

Trade

12. Over the last 12 months, approximately what percentage of this business’s or organization’s sales were made directly to clients or customers in the United States?

Provide your best estimate rounded to the nearest percentage.

Percentage of sales made directly to clients or customers in the United States:
OR
Don’t know

Flow condition: If “Import or buy goods from outside of Canada” or “Import or buy services from outside of Canada” was selected in Q3, go to Q13. Otherwise, go to Q14.

13. Over the last 12 months, approximately what percentage of this business’s or organization’s purchases were made directly from suppliers in the United States?

Provide your best estimate rounded to the nearest percentage.

Percentage of purchases made directly from suppliers in the United States:
OR
Don’t know

14. Over the next 12 months, what is the expected impact for each of the following on this business or organization?

If tariffs are not relevant to this business or organization, please select “No impact”.

• U.S. tariffs on goods sold by businesses in Canada
  • Major negative impact
  • Minor negative impact
  • No impact
  • Minor positive impact
  • Major positive impact
  • Don’t know
• Canadian tariffs on goods purchased from businesses in the U.S.
  • Major negative impact
  • Minor negative impact
  • No impact
  • Minor positive impact
  • Major positive impact
  • Don’t know
• The elimination of trade barriers between provinces or territories
  • Major negative impact
  • Minor negative impact
  • No impact
  • Minor positive impact
  • Major positive impact
  • Don’t know

15. Over the next 12 months, does this business or organization plan to take any of the following actions as a result of any tariffs applied by the United States on goods sold from Canada?

Select all that apply.

• Seek alternative customers outside the United States 
• Seek alternative suppliers outside the United States 
• Increase domestic sourcing
• Increase efforts to sell to customers in Canada
• Delay major investments or expenditures
• Delay Canadian investment or expansion plans
• Acquire or partner with United States-based businesses as a beachhead strategy
• Explore trade-related financial tools
  e.g., currency hedging, insurance
• Establish operations in the United States
• Increase inventory or stockpile goods
• Invest in technology improvements 
  e.g., technology adoption, automation
• Lay off employees
• Hire employees
• Raise prices of goods or services
• Lower prices of goods or services

• Other action

  • Specify other action:

  OR

• None of the above
  OR
• Don’t know

Flow condition: If the percentage of sales made directly to clients or customers in the United States reported in Q12 was greater than 0, go to Q16. Otherwise, go to Q17.

16. Over the last 12 months, has this business or organization sold any goods to the United States that were subject to any tariffs?

• Yes
• No
• Don’t know

Flow condition: If the percentage of purchases made directly from suppliers in the United States reported in Q13 was greater than 0, go to Q17. Otherwise, go to Q18.

17. Over the last 12 months, has this business or organization purchased any goods from the United States that were subject to any tariffs?

• Yes
• No
• Don’t know

18. Over the last 12 months, has this business or organization passed on any increases in its costs due to tariffs to its customers?

Include both indirect cost increases and direct cost increases due to tariffs.

• Yes
• No
• This business or organization has not experienced any cost increases due to tariffs
• Don’t know

19. Over the next 12 months, how likely is this business or organization to pass on cost increases due to tariffs to its customers?

Include both indirect cost increases and direct cost increases due to tariffs.

• Very likely
• Somewhat likely
• Somewhat unlikely
• Very unlikely
• This business or organization does not expect any cost increases due to tariffs
• Don't know

Canadian goods and services

20. Over the last 12 months, has this business or organization changed its marketing practices to promote Canadian goods and services?

e.g., labeling products that are either “Canadian”, “Made in Canada” or are a “Product of Canada”

• Yes
• No
• Don’t know

21. Over the last 12 months, has this business or organization experienced an increase in sales of Canadian goods and services?

e.g., products that are either “Canadian”, “Made in Canada” or are a “Product of Canada”

• Yes
• No
• This business or organization did not sell any Canadian goods or services
• Don’t know

Flow condition: If “Private sector business” was selected in Q1, go to Q22. Otherwise, go to Q29.

Business sale or transfer

22. Does the current owner or operator of this business intend to sell or transfer ownership of this business within the next 10 years?

• Yes
  • When does the owner or operator of this business intend to sell or transfer ownership of this business?
    • Within the next 2 years
    • Within 3 to 5 years
    • Within 6 to 10 years
    • Don’t know
• No
• Don’t know

Flow condition: If “Yes” and then “Within the next 2 years” were selected in Q22, go to Q23. Otherwise, go to Q26.

23. Which of the following statements describe expectations related to the selling or transferring of this business?

Select all that apply.

• There are likely to be qualified buyers for this business
• A fair market price would be received for this business
• There is sufficient time and resources to pursue a sale or transfer of this business
• Professional or advisory support, such as a broker or accountant, would be consulted
• Government programs or supports for facilitating a sale or transfer would be used
  e.g., Succession Ontario, Repreneuriat Quebec
  OR
• None of the above
  OR
• Don’t know

24. When considering the sale or transfer of this business, what is the level of importance for each of the following?

• Finding a buyer in Canada
  • Very important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important
  • Don’t know
• Protecting employees
  • Very important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important
  • Don’t know
• Maintaining presence in the local community
  • Very important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important
  • Don’t know
• Obtaining the highest price
  • Very important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important
  • Don’t know
• Preserving the business’s culture or values
  • Very important
  • Somewhat important
  • Not important
  • Don’t know

25. If this business is unable to find a suitable buyer or successor, how likely are each of the following scenarios?

• Continue operating under current ownership
  • Very likely
  • Somewhat likely
  • Somewhat unlikely
  • Very unlikely
  • Don’t know
• Sell at a reduced value or under less favorable terms, including to a less preferred buyer
  • Very likely
  • Somewhat likely
  • Somewhat unlikely
  • Very unlikely
  • Don’t know
• Scale down or close operations
  • Very likely
  • Somewhat likely
  • Somewhat unlikely
  • Very unlikely
  • Don’t know

Flow condition: If “Yes” was selected in Q22, go to Q26. Otherwise, go to Q28.

26. What is the primary source of this business’s value?

• Ongoing operations
• Real estate or physical assets

27. Has this business been profitable in each of the past three years?

• Yes
• No
• Don’t know

Buyer demand

28. Over the last five years, has this business received any expressions of interest or offers to purchase, solicited or unsolicited?

• Yes
  • From whom has this business received any expressions of interest or offers to purchase, solicited or unsolicited?
    Select all that apply.
    • Employees or management
    • An individual or family in Canada
    • A business in Canada
    • A private equity firm or investment fund in Canada
    • A foreign buyer

    • Other buyer

      • Specify other buyer:

      OR

    • Don’t know
• No
• Don’t know

Information theft

29. Over the last 12 months, has this business or organization experienced theft of sensitive business data such as intellectual property, business intelligence, or customer or employee data?

Theft of sensitive business data could include unauthorized access to systems or data; theft or attempted theft of intellectual property, trade secrets, or sensitive information; suspicious requests or engagements; or insider-related activity.

• Yes
• No
• Don’t know

Flow condition: If “Yes” was selected in Q29, go to Q30. Otherwise, go to Q33.

30. Over the last 12 months, which of the following events has this business or organization experienced?

Select all that apply.

• Unauthorized access to systems or data
  e.g., cyber intrusion, phishing
• Theft or attempted theft of intellectual property, trade secrets, or sensitive information
• Suspicious requests or engagements
  e.g., partnerships, clients, research collaboration
• Insider-related event
  e.g., employee or contractor misuse of access

• Other event

  • Specify other event:

  OR

• Don’t know

31. What impacts did these events have on this business or organization?

Select all that apply.

• Financial losses
  e.g., lost revenue, contracts, or market share
• Increased cybersecurity or security-related costs
• Loss of intellectual property or competitive advantage
• Reputational damage or loss of customer trust
• Operational disruption
  e.g., downtime, supply chain impacts
• Reduced willingness to engage in international partnerships or investment

• Other impact

  • Specify other impact:

  OR

• No impact
  OR
• Don’t know

32. As a result of these events, did this business or organization take any of the following actions?

Select all that apply.

• Increased investment in cybersecurity or data protection
• Restricted or reconsidered partnerships, investments, or clients
• Enhanced employee screening, training, or monitoring
• Limited sharing of sensitive information
• Changed R&D, innovation, or commercialization strategies

• Other action

  • Specify other action:

  OR

• No actions were taken
  OR
• Don’t know

33. How many measures has this business or organization implemented to protect its sensitive business data?

e.g., intellectual property, business intelligence, or customer or employee data

• Several measures
• Some measures
• No measures

Artificial intelligence

34. Over the next 12 months, does this business or organization plan to use artificial intelligence (AI) in producing goods or delivering services?

e.g., machine learning, virtual agents, voice recognition

• Yes
  • What type of AI applications is this business or organization planning to use in producing goods or delivering services?
    Select all that apply.
    • Machine learning
    • Natural language processing
    • Virtual agents or chat bots
    • Speech or voice recognition using AI
    • Recommendation systems based on AI
    • Large language models
      e.g., ChatGPT or Microsoft Copilot
    • Text analytics using AI
    • Data analytics using AI
    • Neural networks
    • Augmented reality
    • Decision making systems based on AI
    • Deep learning
    • Image or pattern recognition
    • Machine or computer vision
    • Robotics process automation
    • Biometrics
    • Marketing automation using AI

    • Other type

      • Specify other type:

      OR

    • Don’t know
• No
  • Why does this business or organization not plan to use AI in producing goods or delivering services over the next 12 months?
    Select all that apply.
    • Too expensive
    • AI is not a mature enough technology yet
    • Lack of knowledge on the capabilities of AI
    • Concerns about privacy or security
    • Concerns about bias
    • Lack of skilled workforce
    • Lack of required data
    • Laws and regulations prevent or restrict use of AI
    • Previous or current use of AI did not meet expectations

    • Other reason

      • Specify other reason:

      OR

    • AI is not relevant to the goods produced or services delivered by this business or organization
      OR
    • Don’t know
• Don’t know

Flow condition: If “Yes” was selected in Q34, go to Q35. Otherwise, go to Q37.

35. How does this business or organization expect AI to affect total employment?

• Increase
• Decrease
• No change
• Don’t know

36. Which of the following changes will this business or organization make when using AI to produce goods or deliver services?

Select all that apply.

• Train current staff to use AI
• Hire staff trained in AI
• Purchase computing power or specialized equipment
• Purchase cloud services or cloud storage
• Change data collection or data management practices
• Develop new workflows
• Use vendors or consulting services to install or integrate AI

• Other change

  • Specify other change:        

  OR

• Don’t know
  OR
• None of the above

Liquidity

37. Does this business or organization have the cash or liquid assets required to operate for the next three months?

• Yes
• No
  • Will this business or organization be able to acquire the cash or liquid assets required?
    • Yes
    • No
    • Don’t know
• Don’t know

Debt

38. Over the next three months, does this business or organization plan to apply to a financial institution for a new line of credit, a new term loan, a new non-residential mortgage or refinancing of an existing non-residential mortgage?

Include commercial mortgages.
Exclude residential mortgages.

• Yes
  • What are the intended uses of this funding?
    Select all that apply.
    • Refinancing of existing debt
    • Non-residential investments
      e.g., machinery, equipment, R&D
    • Current expenditure
    • Business expansion
    • Financing the acquisition of another business

    • Other use

      • Specify other use:

      OR

    • Don’t know
• No
  • Does this business or organization have the ability to take on more debt? 
    Answer based on this business’s or organization’s ability, even if there are no plans to take on more debt.
    • Yes
    • No
      • For which of the following reasons is this business or organization unable to take on more debt?
        Select all that apply.
        • Cash flow
        • Lack of confidence or uncertainty in future sales
        • Request would be turned down
        • Too difficult or time consuming to apply
        • Interest rates are unfavourable
        • Payment terms are unfavourable
        • Credit rating

        • Other reason

          • Specify other reason:

          OR

        • Not applicable
          OR
        • Don’t know
    • Don’t know
• Don’t know

Future outlook

39. Over the next 12 months, what is the future outlook for this business or organization?

• Very optimistic
• Somewhat optimistic
• Somewhat pessimistic
• Very pessimistic
• Don’t know

Flow condition: If “Private sector business” was selected in Q1, go to Q40. Otherwise, go to “Contact Person”.

Ownership

(i) The following questions are included for statistical purposes in order to gain a better understanding of businesses owned by members of various communities across Canada.

40. What percentage of this business or organization is owned by each of the following groups?

Provide your best estimate rounded to the nearest percentage.
If the business or organization is not owned by anyone that falls under that group, please enter “0”.

What percentage of this business or organization is owned by women?

Percentage owned by women:
OR
Prefer not to say
OR
Don’t know

What percentage of this business or organization is owned by First Nations, Métis or Inuit peoples?

Percentage owned by First Nations, Métis or Inuit peoples:
OR
Prefer not to say
OR
Don’t know

What percentage of this business or organization is owned by immigrants to Canada?

Percentage owned by immigrants to Canada:
OR
Prefer not to say
OR
Don’t know

What percentage of this business or organization is owned by persons with a disability?

Include visible and non-visible disabilities.
Percentage owned by persons with a disability:
OR
Prefer not to say
OR
Don’t know

What percentage of this business or organization is owned by Two-Spirited, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer (2SLGBTQ+) people?

Percentage owned by 2SLGBTQ+ people:
OR
Prefer not to say
OR
Don’t know

What percentage of this business or organization is owned by persons aged 65 or older?

Percentage owned by persons aged 65 or older:
OR
Prefer not to say
OR
Don’t know

What percentage of this business or organization is owned by members of visible minorities?

A member of a visible minority in Canada may be defined as someone (other than an Indigenous person) who is non-white in colour or race, regardless of place of birth.
Percentage owned by members of visible minorities:
OR
Prefer not to say
OR
Don’t know

Flow condition: If more than 50% of this business or organization is owned by members of visible minorities, go to Q41. Otherwise, go to “Contact person”.

41. It was indicated that at least 51% of this business or organization is owned by members of visible minorities. Please select the categories that describe the owner or owners.

Select all that apply.

• South Asian 
  e.g., East Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan
• Chinese
• Black
• Filipino
• Latin American
• Arab
• Southeast Asian 
  e.g., Vietnamese, Cambodian, Laotian, Thai
• West Asian 
  e.g., Afghan, Iranian
• Korean
• Japanese
• Other group
  • Specify other group:
• OR
• Prefer not to say

• Getting Started
  • Why are we conducting this survey?
  • Other important information
    • Authorization to collect this information
    • Confidentiality
    • Record linkages
    • Data-sharing agreements
• Important features
• Answering this questionnaire
• Business or organization and contact information
• Farm operating revenue and expenses
• Reporting period information
• Characteristics of the operators and operation
• Legal operating arrangement
• Method of accounting
• Major source of gross revenue
• Unit of measure
• Land use
• Cropland
• Capital investments
• Capital sales
• Farm assets of this operation
• Farm debt outstanding
• Custom or contract feeding
• Wages and salaries
• Farm operating revenue
• Farm operating expenses
• Financial information for sources other than this operation
• Risk management
• Government-funded risk management programs—AgriInvest
• Government-funded risk management programs—AgriStability
• Government-funded risk management programs—AgriInsurance
• Government-funded risk management programs—Advance Payments Program (APP)
• Private risk management strategies
• Risk management 2
• On-farm innovation
• Best management practices
• Farm production losses
• Direct sales to retailers
• On-farm innovation
• Local food
• Changes or events
• Contact person
• Feedback

Getting Started

Why are we conducting this survey?

This survey is being conducted by Statistics Canada, on behalf of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada to monitor the financial situation of Canadian farms, and establish new policy.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Your participation in this survey is required under the authority of the Statistics Act.

Other important information

Authorization to collect this information

Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

Confidentiality

By law, Statistics Canada is prohibited from releasing any information it collects that could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent, or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes only.

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the response burden, Statistics Canada may combine the acquired data with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Data-sharing agreements

To reduce respondent burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data-sharing agreements with provincial and territorial statistical agencies and other government organizations, which have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes. Statistics Canada will only share data from this survey with those organizations that have demonstrated a requirement to use the data.

Section 11 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with provincial and territorial statistical agencies that meet certain conditions. These agencies must have the legislative authority to collect the same information, on a mandatory basis, and the legislation must provide substantially the same provisions for confidentiality and penalties for disclosure of confidential information as the Statistics Act. Because these agencies have the legal authority to compel businesses to provide the same information, consent is not requested and businesses may not object to the sharing of the data.

For this survey, there are Section 11 agreements with the provincial statistical agencies of Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia and the Yukon.
The shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province.

Section 12 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with federal, provincial or territorial government organizations. Under Section 12, you may refuse to share your information with any of these organizations by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician, specifying the organizations with which you do not want Statistics Canada to share your data and mailing it to the following address:

Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of Director, Agriculture Division
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0T6.

You may also contact us by email at infostats: infostats@statcan.gc.ca or by fax at 1-514-496-4879.

Other data-sharing agreement

For this survey, there are Section 12 agreements with the statistical agencies of Prince Edward Island, Northwest Territories and Nunavut, as well as with the ministère de l'Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de l'Alimentation du Québec, the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, the Manitoba Department of Agriculture and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.

For agreements with provincial and territorial government organizations, the shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Important features

To navigate the questionnaire

Use the Previous and Next buttons located at the bottom right of each page.

Do not use the navigation buttons at the top of your browser or the corresponding shortcut keys.

Question numbering

Question numbering will reset to 1 at the beginning of each new section. Based on your answers to certain questions, the questionnaire will automatically skip any questions or sub-questions that do not apply to your situation.

Session timeout

After two hours of inactivity, your session will time out. You will not be able to access any unsaved information.

To save your information

If you cannot complete the questionnaire in one session, you can save the information you have entered by pressing the Save and finish later button at the bottom left of any page on which you are asked to enter information. You can then resume your session at another time.

Please be advised that information from partially completed or unsaved questionnaires may be retained and used for statistical and research purposes.

Definitions and explanations

A help button is available for certain questions. Press this button for additional information or clarification.

Answering this questionnaire

For this questionnaire

Reporting instructions

Additional information that may be useful in the completion of this electronic questionnaire include the operation's 2025:

• financial statements
• tax files
• AgriInvest Annual Statement of Account
• AgriStability Calculation of Program Benefits Notice.

Also:

• individual T1 and T4 tax forms
• market value assessments of land and buildings from sources such as property tax assessments or local real estate listings.

Other information about this questionnaire

Additional information about this survey can be found by selecting the following link:

Farm Financial Survey (FFS)

Business or organization and contact information

1. Verify or provide the business or organization's legal and operating name and correct where needed.

Note: Legal name should only be modified to correct a spelling error or typo.

Note: Press the help button (?) for additional information.

Legal name

Operating name (if applicable)

2. Verify or provide the contact information for the designated contact person for the business or organization, and correct information if needed.

Note: The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire.

First name

Last name

Title

Preferred language of communication

Mailing address (number and street)

City

Province, territory or state

Postal code or ZIP (Zone Improvement Plan) code Example A9A 9A9 or 12345-1234

Country

Email address Example: user@example.gov.ca

Telephone number (including area code) Example: 123-123-1234

Extension number (if applicable)

Fax number (including area code) Example: 123-123-1234

3. Verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

1. Operational
2. Not currently operational
   e.g., temporarily or permanently closed, change of ownership

Why is this business or organization not currently operational?

1. Seasonal operation
2. Ceased operation
3. Sold operations
4. Amalgamated with other businesses or organizations
5. Temporarily inactive but will re-open
6. No longer operating due to other reasons

3a Seasonal operations

When did this business or organization close for the season?

Date:

Example: YYYY-MM-DD

When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?

Date:

Example: YYYY-MM-DD

3b Ceased operations

When did this business or organization cease operations?

Date:

Example: YYYY-MM-DD

Why did this business or organization cease operations?

1. Bankruptcy
2. Liquidation
3. Dissolution
4. Other
   Specify the other reasons why this operation ceased:

3c Sold operations

When was this business or organization sold?

Date:

Example: YYYY-MM-DD

What is the legal name of the buyer?

3d Amalgamated with other businesses or organizations

When did this business or organization amalgamate?

Date:

Example: YYYY-MM-DD

What is the legal name of the resulting or continuing business or organization?

What are the legal names of the other amalgamated businesses or organizations?

3e Temporarily inactive but will re-open

When did this business or organization become temporarily inactive?

Date:

Example: YYYY-MM-DD

When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?

Date:

Example: YYYY-MM-DD

Why is this business or organization temporarily inactive?

3f No longer operating due to other reasons

When did this operation or organization cease operations?

Date:

Example: YYYY-MM-DD

Why did this business or organization cease operations?

4. Verify or provide the current main activity of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

Note: The described activity was assigned using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

Note: Press the help button (?) for additional information, including a detailed description of the activity with example activities and any applicable exclusions.

Descriptions and examples

This is the current main activity

This is not the current main activity

Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's main activity e.g. breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development

5. You indicated that is not the current main activity

Was this business or organization's main activity ever classified as: ?

• Yes
  When did the main activity change?
  Date
  Example: YYYY-MM-DD
• No

6. Search and select the industry classification that best corresponds to the business or organization's main activity.

How to search:

1. Filter the search results by first selecting the business or organization’s activity sector.
2. Enter keywords or a brief description that best describe the business or organization’s main activity.
3. Press the Search button to search the database for an industry activity classification that best matches the keywords or description you provided.
4. Select an industry activity classification from the list.

Farm operating revenue and expenses

This is the start of a new module. Question numbering will reset to 1 in this section.
Note: The sequence of questions may vary depending on the responses provided. 

1. Are you an operator or a person normally authorized to provide tax data, such as revenues and expenses, to CRA for this operation?

1. Yes
   What is your role in this operation?
   • One of the operators
   • Operator's spouse
   • Accountant
   • Other
2. No

With your permission, Statistics Canada will share this operation's tax data on revenues and expenses only with Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada and your provincial Ministry of Agriculture, and will be used for statistical and research purposes only.

Statistics Canada does not share names, addresses or any other direct identifiers that could identify you or this operation.

If you do not grant us permission to share this information, you will be required to provide the revenues and expenses data later on in this questionnaire.

2. Do you give Statistics Canada permission to share this operation's tax data on revenues and expenses with Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada and your provincial Ministry of Agriculture?

1. Yes
   Please provide your first and last names which will act as your electronic authorisation signature.
   Note: Statistics Canada will not share your name with external agencies.
   • Your first and last name
2. No

Reporting period information

3. What is the end date of this operation's fiscal year?

If financial statements are not available for 2025, please use your best estimates throughout the survey.

Year

Month

Day

Characteristics of the operators and operation

4. On this operation's fiscal end date, how many operators 18 years of age and over, who participate in the business or financial decisions, were responsible for this operation?

An operation may have more than one operator but only one questionnaire is to be completed for each operation.

Exclude:

• accountants, lawyers, crop advisors, veterinarians, herbicide consultants, etc.
• hired labourers who work on the farm but are not responsible for management decisions
• silent partners who own part of the farm assets but do not make management decisions.

Number of operators

5. What was the age of the oldest operator on fiscal year-end date?

Age

6. What was the gender of the oldest operator on fiscal year-end date?

1. Male
2. Female
3. Gender diverse

7. What was the age of the youngest operator (minimum age of 18) on fiscal year-end date?

Age

8. What was the gender of the youngest operator (minimum age of 18) on fiscal year-end date?

1. Male
2. Female
3. Gender diverse

9. As of fiscal year-end date, how many years has the most experienced operator on this operation managed a farm business?

Managing refers to controlling the decisions to produce and invest in a farm business. 

If you are the only operator, please enter your years of experience managing a farm.

Years managing a farm business

10. On fiscal year-end date, how many members were in the operator's family?

Please choose one operator (if there are more operators than just yourself), plus the operator's spouse or partner and all kids who live on the farm or whose address is still that of the farm.

Exclude operator's parents and siblings.

Number of people in operator's family

Legal operating arrangement

11. On fiscal year-end date, what was the legal operating arrangement of this operation?
Note: Press the help button (?) for additional information.

1. Sole proprietorship
2. Corporation (Corp.), Incorporated (Inc.), Limited (Ltd.) or Company (Co.) 
   What was the family's percent ownership of this operation?
3. Partnership
   What was the family's percent ownership of this operation?
4. Cooperative and communal operations
   e.g. Hutterite colonies even if they are incorporated
5. Other legal operating arrangement
   e.g. joint venture, trust

Method of accounting

12. Which method of accounting does this operation use to report farm revenue and expenses?

1. Cash
   Revenue (income) is reported for the fiscal period in which it is received. Expenses are reported for the fiscal period in which they are paid.
2. Accrual
   Revenue (income) is reported for the fiscal period in which it is earned, no matter when it is received. Expenses are reported for the fiscal period in which they are incurred, whether or not they have been paid.
3. Don't know

Major source of gross revenue

13. In 2025, which of the following was this operation's major source of gross revenue?

Major source of gross revenue usually accounts for more than 50% of total revenues.

1. Crop production
   e.g., greenhouses, grains and oilseeds, potatoes, berries, vegetables, fruits, flowers, Christmas trees, vineyards, tobacco, maple syrup, combination crop farming, other crops
2. Dairy cattle and milk production
   Exclude goat milk (see Sheep and goat farming), raising dairy herd replacement (see Beef cattle ranching and farming).
3. Beef cattle ranching and farming, including feedlots
   Include animals owned by the operation, as well as custom and contract feeding.
4. Hog and pig farming
   Include animals owned by the operation, as well as custom and contract feeding.
5. Poultry and egg production
   Include eggs, chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, quails, pheasants, emus, ostriches, and guinea fowls.
6. Sheep and goat farming
   Include sheep, goats and lamb for meat, feedlots, goat milk production, wool and mohair production.
7. Other animal production
   e.g., bee-keeping and honey production, horses and other equine, rabbits and other fur animals, bison, venison, llamas, combination animal farming, other livestock 
8. Other
   Specify other source of gross revenue

14. In 2025, which of the following was the main source of gross revenue for crops?

The main source of gross revenue within the crops group may be less than 50% of total revenues.

1. Greenhouse
   e.g., vegetables, mushrooms, herbs, nursery and, or floriculture products grown under cover
2. Nursery or floriculture products not grown under cover
   Include Christmas trees, flowers, mushrooms grown outdoors and sod operation.
3. Grains and oilseeds
   e.g., wheat, oats, peas, beans, lentils, mustard, flaxseed, canola, grain corn, soybeans, forage seeds, mixed grains
4. Potatoes
5. Field vegetables and melons
   e.g., sweet corn and pumpkins
   Exclude greenhouse crops.
6. Fruits
   Include tree fruits, berries, grapes, and vineyards.
7. Miscellaneous
   e.g., tobacco, maple syrup, herbs and spices, bulbs, hay, alfalfa for hay, ginseng, sugar beets

15. In 2025, what was the major source of beef revenue?

• Custom or contract fed cattle
• Cattle owned by this operation

16. In 2025, which of the following was the main source of gross revenue for cattle owned by this operation?

The main source of gross revenue within the beef group may be less than 50% of total revenues.

1. Cow-calf operation
   e.g., calves are sold quickly, usually by fall
2. Cow-yearling operation
   e.g., calves kept over winter and sold to another operation or feedlot
3. Cow-finish operation
   e.g., calves raised all year, and kept over for another winter, fattened following fall, and sold for slaughter
4. Backgrounding and feeder operation
   e.g., cattle confined in paddocks, diet predominantly hay or silage with a little grain as a supplement
5. Feedlot operation
   e.g., grain-fed to finished weight; include veal
6. Other cattle owned
   e.g., raising of cattle for dairy herd replacements, raising beef cattle herd replacement, grazer operations, other cattle operations

17. In 2025, which of the following was the main source of gross revenue for custom or contract cattle?

The main source of gross revenue within the beef group may be less than 50% of total revenues.

1. Custom grazer operation
   e.g., cattle are grazed on land operated by this operation
2. Custom feeder operation
   e.g., this operation provides feed, receives a fee to feed cattle until they are ready to be finished in a feedlot
3. Custom feedlot operation
   e.g., this operation provides feed, receives a fee for finishing animals; include veal
4. Custom - other
5. Contract feeder operation
   e.g., animals and feed provided by client, this operation paid a fee to feed cattle until they are ready to be finished in a feedlot
6. Contract feedlot operation
   e.g., animals and feed provided by client, farm paid a fee to finish animals; include veal
7. Contract - other
   e.g., a client provides animals and feed to this operation

18. In 2025, which of the following was the main source of gross revenue for hogs?

The main source of gross revenue within the hogs group may be less than 50% of total revenues.

1. Feeder operation
2. Farrowing operation
3. Farrow to finishing operation
4. Feeder to finishing operation
5. Finishing operation
6. Contract - farrowing operation
7. Contract - feeder operation
8. Contract - finishing operation
9. Other

19. In 2025, which of the following was the main source of gross revenue for poultry?

The main source of gross revenue within the poultry group may be less than 50% of total revenues.

1. Layers operation
   e.g., poultry are kept for egg production
2. Roasters operation
   e.g., birds weighing about 3.2 kg (kilogram) live weight; sold for meat
3. Broilers operation
   e.g., birds weighing about 1.7 to 2.2 kg (kilogram) live weight; sold for meat
4. Hatchlings operation
   Include eggs for hatchling.
5. Turkeys operation – all categories
6. Starter pullets operation
   e.g., small chicks are raised until they are ready to lay eggs and then are sold to layer operations
7. Contract – poultry
   e.g., animals and feed provided by a client and this operation paid a fee to raise the animals
8. Other poultry
   e.g., geese, ducks, pheasants, quails, ostriches, emus, guinea fowls

Unit of measure

20. What unit of measure will be used to report land areas?

The unit of measure chosen here will be used in subsequent questions.

Acres

Hectares

Arpents

Land use

21. In 2025, did this operation own land (workable and non-workable)?

Include: 

• Crown land and all land owned by this operation whether or not it is used for farming
• all land owned whether or not some is used by other individuals or operations.

Exclude land owned by others even if used by this operation.

1. Yes
   How many acres, hectares or arpents did this operation own in 2025?
2. No

22. In 2025, was any of the land owned by this operation rented by others?

Include land rented, leased or used by other individuals or operations with or without written agreement or payment.

1. Yes
   How many acres, hectares or arpents owned by this operation were rented by others in 2025?
2. No

23. In 2025, did this operation rent any land owned by others?

Include land owned by other individuals or operations, rented, leased or used with or without a written agreement or payment.

1. Yes
   How many acres, hectares or arpents owned by others were rented by this operation in 2025?
2. No

24. In 2025, what was the total area of cropland operated by this farm business?

Include:

• cropland rented or leased from others
• tame hay, potatoes, field crops, tree fruits or nuts, berries or grapes, vegetables, seed, sod, greenhouse or nursery products, mushrooms, Christmas trees, fodder crops, etc.

Exclude:

• cropland rented to others
• summerfallow, improved and unimproved pasture, woodlands.

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

Total area of cropland operated

Cropland

25. In 2025, what was the estimated market value of a(n) acre, hectare or arpent of cropland?

Market value is the estimated price at which the land would sell for today.

26. In 2025, did this operation rent any cropland from others?

Exclude land rented for pasture.

1. Yes
   What was the average rental price per acre, hectare or arpent for the cropland this operation rented, excluding buildings?
   Please provide your best estimate.
2. No

Capital investments

27. In 2025, which of the following types of farm machinery and equipment did this operation purchase or lease?

Include new and used equipment.

Exclude short-term rentals and repairs and replacement parts (these are operating expenses).

Select all that apply.

• Cars used in the farm business
  e.g., coupes, sedans, vans
• Trucks used in the farm business
  e.g., pick-up trucks, semi-trailers, dump trucks
• Other equipment used for transportation
  e.g., livestock trailers, equipment trailers, All-terrain vehicle (ATVs), snowmobiles
• Grain drying equipment
• Tractors of various types
  e.g., forklifts, Bobcats, payloaders
• Harvesting machinery
  e.g., combines, corn pickers, forage harvesters, potato harvesters
• Seeding equipment
  e.g., air seeders, seed drills, planters
• Other machinery and equipment
  e.g., computers and communication materials, processing equipment, balers, manure and fertilizer spreaders
  OR
• No investments in machinery or equipment made

28. In 2025, what was the amount of money invested for the following farm machinery and equipment (purchased or leased)?

Report the full purchase or lease price before trade-in or down payment.

Exclude:

• monthly payments for purchased or leased machinery
• repair and maintenance expenses.

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

Cars used in the farm business

• a. New, purchased
• b. New, leased
• c. Used, purchased
• d. Used, leased

Trucks used in the farm business

• e. New, purchased
• f. New, leased
• g. Used, purchased
• h. Used, leased 

Other equipment used for transportation

• i. New, purchased
• j. New, leased
• k. Used, purchased
• l. Used, leased

Grain drying equipment

• m. New, purchased
• n. New, leased
• o. Used, purchased
• p. Used, leased

Tractors of various types

• q. New, purchased
• r. New, leased
• s. Used, purchased
• t. Used, leased

Harvesting machinery

• u. New, purchased
• v. New, leased
• w. Used, purchased
• x. Used, leased

Seeding equipment

• y. New, purchased
• z. New, leased
• aa. Used, purchased
• ab. Used, leased 

Other machinery and equipment

• ac. New, purchased
• ad. New, leased
• ae. Used, purchased
• af. Used, leased

29. In 2025, did this operation invest any money in farm improvements or other assets?
Include:

• farm real estate
• construction and renovation
• land improvements (including trees and shrubs)
• barn equipment
• breeding and replacement livestock
• other assets purchased by the farm business, e.g., land and buildings other than farmland, stocks, bonds, Guaranteed Investment Certificate (GIC), co-op shares, etc.

Exclude:

• repairs and replacement parts (these are operating expenses)
• personal asset purchases.

1. Yes
2. No

30. In 2025, what was the amount of money invested for the following?

Exclude:

• Goods and Services Tax (GST), Provincial Sales Tax (PST), Harmonized Sales Tax (HST), Quebec Sales Tax (QST)
• repairs and replacement parts (these are operating expenses).
  Enter "0", if there is no value to report.
• a. Farm real estate purchased
  Exclude quota (to be reported below in option "g").
• b. Construction and renovation of building and other structures
  e.g., barns, feed storage, machine sheds, manure storage
• c. Construction or renovation of farm houses
• d. Barn equipment
  e.g., robot milkers
• e. Land improvements
  e.g., shelterbelts, windbreaks, buffer strips or fences for waterway protection, irrigation, orchard planting, draining, clearing of land
  Exclude fees paid to consultants (which are considered operating expenses).
• f. Breeding and replacement livestock intended to be on the farm for more than one year
  Include bulls, dairy cows, beef cows, boars, sows, bred gilts, rams, ewes, replacement lambs, goats for milk or hair.
  Exclude:
  • poultry
  • breeding feed, e.g., artificial insemination—to be reported as operating expenses.
• g. Quota purchased separately from other assets
• h. All other assets purchased by the farm business
  e.g., land and buildings other than farmland, stocks, bonds, co-op shares, GICs (Guaranteed Investment Certificate)
  Exclude Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) and other personal investments.
  Specify all other assets purchased by the farm business 

31. In 2025, how much money did this operation receive from government programs (both federal and provincial) to reduce the cost of any capital investment made to increase environmental performance, including energy efficiency?

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

Capital Sales

32. In 2025, did this operation sell or trade-in any of the following assets?

Select all that apply.

• Farmland and farm buildings
  Exclude quota (to be reported in option "Quota sold separately from other assets").
• Farm machinery and equipment (traded-in or sold outright)
  Include cars and trucks used in the farm business.
• Quota sold separately from other assets
• Breeding and replacement livestock
  Exclude culls for slaughter and poultry
• All other farm assets sold
  e.g., land and buildings other than farmland and farm buildings owned by this operation, stocks, bonds, wheat pool or co-op shares
  Exclude RRSPs (Registered Retirement Savings Plan) and other personal assets sold
  OR
• No sales of assets were made

33. In 2025, what was the selling price for the following?

Exclude GST (Goods and Services Tax), PST (Provincial Sales Tax), HST (Harmonized Sales Tax), and QST (Quebec Sales Tax).

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

• a. Farmland and farm buildings
  Exclude quota (to be reported in option "c").
• b. Farm machinery and equipment (traded-in or sold outright)
  Include cars and trucks used in the farm business.
• c. Quota sold separately from other assets
• d. Breeding and replacement livestock
  Exclude culls for slaughter and poultry.
• e. All other farm assets sold
  e.g., land and buildings other than farmland and farm buildings owned by this operation, stocks, bonds, wheat pool or co-op shares
  Exclude RRSPs (Registered Retirement Savings Plan) and other personal assets sold.
  Specify all other farm assets sold 

Farm assets of this operation

34. In 2025, did this operation own any livestock?

Include all poultry, all livestock and other animals owned by this farm operation.

Exclude all contract poultry and livestock not owned by this operation.

1. Yes
2. No

35. What was the estimated market value of the following livestock and poultry of this operation on the fiscal year-end date?

Market value is the estimated price at which the assets would sell for today.

Exclude:

• assets not from this operation
• contract livestock
• quota (to be reported in question 37c).

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

If precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimates

Market value of livestock and poultry assets

• a. Breeding, replacement and other livestock not considered market livestock
  i.e., expected to be on the operation for more than one year
  Include all livestock and fur animals for breeding or replacement purposes, e.g., bred gilts, bison, boars, bulls, cows, ewes, fur animals, goats for milk or hair, heifers for replacement, honey bees, lambs for replacement, llamas, ostriches, race and riding horses, rams, sows.
• b. Market livestock and poultry
  i.e., expected to be on the operation for less than one year
  Include all poultry (including layers and chicks), calves, culls, goats for meat, heifers for slaughter or feeding, lambs for slaughter, pigs (excluding boars and sows), steers, etc.

36. What was the estimated market value of the following short-term assets of this operation on the fiscal year-end date?

Market value is the estimated price at which the assets would sell for today.

Exclude: assets not from this operation

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

If precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimates.

Short-term farm assets (less than one year)

• a. Accounts receivable
  i.e., the amount outstanding on the fiscal year-end date for crops or livestock previously sold, deferred grain tickets, program payments, custom work and taxes receivable
  Include only those monies that are to be received within 12 months of this operation's fiscal year-end date. 
• b. Cash and short-term investments of this operation (less than one year)
  e.g., stocks, bonds, GICs (Guaranteed Investments Certificate) or co-op shares
  Exclude personal assets and AgriInvest balance.
• c. Inventory—Supplies on hand (inputs) such as feed, fertilizer, fuel, seed, chemicals, etc.
  Include any crops which were harvested or purchased that are not destined for market and instead are to be used in the farm business, e.g., silage, straw, hay, grain. 
• d. Stored inventory—Crops not yet sold
  Include all harvested and stored crops destined for market e.g., potatoes, grains and oilseeds, hay etc.
• e. All other short-term farm assets
  Include prepaid expenses (for chemicals, feed, fertilizer, seed, soil, etc.), the short-term portion of notes receivable, value of unsold livestock products, e.g., eggs, milk, pelts.
  Specify all other short-term farm assets

37. What was the estimated market value of the following long-term assets of this operation on the fiscal year-end date?

Market value is the estimated price at which the assets would sell for today.

Exclude assets not from this operation

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

If precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimates.

Long-term farm assets (more than one year)

• a. Market value of all farmland and buildings owned
  Include barns, farmhouses, all farmland owned, greenhouses, mushroom houses, grain bins, machine shops, silos, storage sheds, sugar bush, woodlots, farrowing houses, feeding and milking equipment.
  Exclude leased farmland and buildings and the value of quota. 
• b. Market value of all machinery and equipment owned
  Include cars and trucks used for the farm business, combines, computers and office equipment, cultivators, feeding equipment, moveable irrigation equipment, small tools, tractors, etc.
  Exclude leased machinery.
• c. Market value of quota
• d. Long-term investments of this operation (one year or more)
  e.g., stocks, bonds, long-term mutual funds co-op shares, GICs (Guaranteed Investment Certificates) 
  Exclude RRSPs (Registered Retirement Savings Plan) and other personal assets and AgriInvest balance.
• e. All other long-term farm assets
  Include:
  • grain condominiums
  • off-farm site warehouses
  • land and buildings (other than farmland and buildings of this operation reported above)
  • assets of a subsidiary company or shares of another operation
  • house owned by this operation (not owned personally by an operator)
  • the long-term portion of notes receivable
    Specify all other long-term farm assets

38. You have indicated owning farmland and buildings. What was the respective market value of each of the following assets on the fiscal year-end date? 

Market value is the estimated price at which the assets would sell for today. 

Exclude farmland and buildings not owned from this operation. 

Long-term farm assets (more than one year)

• a. Market value of all farmland owned
  Include all farmland owned and woodlots.
• b. Market value of all buildings owned
  Include barns, farmhouses, greenhouses, mushroom houses, grain bins, machine shops, silos, storage sheds, sugar shack, farrowing houses, feeding and milking equipment. 

Farm debt outstanding

39. On this operation's fiscal year-end date, did this operation have any long-term debts?

Long-term debts are liabilities your operation owes that are payable after more than one year past this operation's fiscal year-end date.

Include:

• mortgages
• outstanding loans
• outstanding payments to suppliers
• balance owing on operating lines of credit
• money borrowed from family
• money owed to government agencies or departments.

Exclude:

• personal or other business debt not associated with this farming operation
• leased machinery.

1. Yes
2. No

40. On this operation's fiscal year-end date, what was the amount of your operation's long-term debt to the following?

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

• a. Banks, caisses populaires, credit unions, trust companies, treasury branches
• b. Farm Credit Canada (FCC)
• c. Machinery and supply companies or feed companies
  e.g., accounts payable, breeder-hatchery operation, heating fuel
• d. Family members or private individuals
• e. Provincial government agencies
  e.g., agriculture credit or lending agencies, farm loan boards
• h. All other long-term farm debt
  e.g., long-term notes due
  Specify all other long-term farm debt

41. On this operation's fiscal year-end date, did this operation have any short-term debts?

Short-term debts are liabilities that need to be paid by your operation by a year after your fiscal year end date.

Short-term debt includes short-term portion of long-term debt.

Include:

• short term portion of the mortgages
• outstanding loans
• outstanding payments to suppliers
• balance owing on operating lines of credit
• money borrowed from family
• money owed to government agencies or departments.

Exclude:

• personal or other business debt not associated with this farming operation
• leased machinery.

1. Yes
2. No

42. On this operation's fiscal year-end date, what was the amount of your operation's short-term debt to the following?

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

• a. Banks, caisses populaires, credit unions, trust companies, treasury branches or credit card debt 
  Include balance owing on credit cards and operating lines of credit; not the credit limit. 
• b. Farm Credit Canada (FCC)
• c. Advance Payments Program (APP)
• d. Machinery and supply companies or feed companies
  e.g., accounts payable, breeder-hatchery operation, heating fuel
• e. Family members or private individuals
• f. Provincial government agencies
  e.g., agriculture credit or lending agencies, farm loan boards
• g. All other short-term farm debt
  e.g., short-term notes due
  Specify all other short-term farm debt

43. The amount reported in provincial government agencies (Question 40e) may have been obtained through a financial institution, but guaranteed by the provincial government. Please confirm the lender.

1. Bank, caisse populaire, credit union, trust company or treasury branch
2. Provincial government

Custom or contract feeding

44. In 2025, did this operation custom or contract feed any livestock or poultry for others?

Custom or contract feeding is where livestock or poultry are fed and raised by the operation for somebody else.

Include custom or contract grazing.

Exclude animals owned by this operation.

1. Yes
2. No

45. In 2025, of this operation's total gross farm revenue, how much was from custom or contract feeding?

Include revenue received for the total number of livestock and poultry custom or contract fed or grazed for the whole year.

Exclude animals owned by this operation.

Enter "0" if there is no value to report.

46. Please indicate the types of livestock and poultry custom or contract fed in 2025.

Select all that apply.

• a. Cattle
• b. Hogs
• c. Layers
• d. Broilers or roasters
• e. Turkeys
• f. Horses
• g. Other

47. Please indicate the total number of livestock and poultry custom or contract fed in 2025.

Include all cycles.

Exclude animals owned by the operation.

• a. Cattle
• b. Hogs
• c. Layers 
• d. Broilers or roasters
• e. Turkeys
• f. Horses
• g. Other

Wages and salaries

48. In 2025, what was this operation's total expense for wages and salaries?

Include:

• wages paid to farm operators
• all employee benefits
• wages paid to family members (including spouse and children)
• room and board expenses
• employer contributions for Worker's Compensation, Employment Insurance (EI), Canada Pension Plan (CPP) or Quebec Pension Plan (QPP).

Exclude dividends paid to shareholders.

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

49. Of the $X total wages and salaries, how much was paid to the following?

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

a. Family

If this operation has more than one operator, report for one operator and that operator's family.

Include:

• wages and salaries paid to the operator's spouse or common-law partner and to their children residing in the same dwelling
• employer contributions for Worker's Compensation, EI (Employment Insurance), CPP (Canada Pension Plan), QPP (Quebec Pension Plan).

Exclude wages and salaries paid to hired workers not in the family, family not residing in the same dwelling and any withdrawals from owner's equity.

b. Hired help

Include:

• employer contributions for Worker's Compensation, EI (Employment Insurance), CPP (Canada Pension Plan), QPP (Quebec Pension Plan)
• room and board expenses.

Exclude:

• wages and salaries paid to operators and members of the operators' family
• consultant expenses, e.g., lawyer, agronomist and all other technical expertise
• accounting expenses
• custom or contract workers
• persons (shareholders) who only received dividends from this operation.

Farm operating revenue

50. In 2025, what was the total gross farm revenue (before expenses) of this operation?

Include:

• revenues from custom and contract feeding reported previously
• revenue from sales of breeding and replacement livestock
• total program payments
• the sale of agricultural products, custom and contract work
• agri-tourism.

Exclude:

• the sale of land and buildings, machinery, equipment, financial assets, and quota (capital gains)
• the value of inventory adjustments
• goods purchased for resale.

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

51. In 2025, of the $X total gross farm revenue, how much was from the following?

The following selected revenue items may not add to the amount reported in the previous question.

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

• a. Sale of grains, oilseeds, pulse crops and forage seeds
• b. Sale of horticulture products
  Include potatoes, fruits, vegetables, greenhouse products, nursery products, sod, mushrooms, Christmas trees, vineyard sales, hay, tobacco, maple syrup, herbs and spices, ginseng, sugar beets, flowers for drying, etc.
  Exclude products purchased for resale.
• c. Sale of cattle
  Include breeding and replacement livestock.
• d. Sale of pigs
  Include breeding and replacement livestock.
• e. Sale of poultry
  Include eggs, chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, quails, pheasants, emus, ostriches, and guinea fowls.
• f. Sale of milk, cream and other dairy products
  Exclude goat and sheep milk (to be reported in option "i").
• g. Total amount received for program payments
  Include AgriInsurance (also known as provincial crop or production insurance), AgriStability, other direct program payments, rebates e.g., hail insurance, rebates on fuel and property tax, farm GST (Goods and Services Tax) or HST (Harmonized Sales Tax) refund, subsidies, Assurance stabilisation des revenus agricoles (ASRA), etc.
  Exclude AgriInvest.
• h. Agricultural custom or contract work and machine rentals
  Exclude amounts for custom or contract feeding.
• i. All other farm revenue
  e.g., honey, aquaculture, goat products, sheep products, other livestock, boarding, training and sale of horses, fur and wool, sales of wood, land rentals, patronage dividends, agri-tourism

Farm operating expenses

52. In 2025, what were the total farm operating expenses?

Include wages and salaries previously reported.

Exclude:

• the purchase of capital assets (capital investments)
• depreciation of capital assets (capital cost allowance)
• amortization
• the value of inventory adjustments.

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

53. In 2025, what were the farm operating expenses for the following?

The following selected expenses will not necessarily sum to the amount reported in the previous question.

Enter "0", if there is no value to report.

• a. Fertilizer and lime
• b. Herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, etc.
• c. Seed and plants
  Exclude materials purchased for resale.
• d. Feed, supplements and hay
• e. Fuel for machinery, trucks and automobiles
  Include only the farm business share of amounts paid.
• f. Total interest paid on farm debt
  Exclude payments on the principal.
• g. Land rentals
  Include money paid to shareholders.
• h. Heating fuel
  Include only the farm business portion of amounts paid.
• i. Electricity
  Include only the farm business portion of amounts paid.

Financial information for sources other than this operation

Important

The purpose of the following questions is to assess the reliance of farm operators on non-farm activities for income.

When answering these questions, please refer only to off-farm incomes that are not related to this operation.

54. In 2025, what was the family's income from the following sources?

Refer to the T1 and T4 forms of all members of the operator's family (if possible).

Note: Press the help button (?) for additional information, including the definition of family.

• a. Employment Income from sources other than this operation (before deductions)
  See T1 lines 101 and 104.
• b. Net self-employment income from sources other than this operation
  Include business (T1 line 135), professional (T1 line 137), commission (T1 line 139), and fishing (T1 line 143) income.
• c. Investment Income from sources other than this operation
  Include interest and other investment income (T1 line 121), taxable capital gains (T1 line 127), dividends received (T1 lines 120 and 122), and net rental income from other real estate (T1 line 126).
• d. Pensions
  Include CPP (Canada Pension Plan) or QPP (Quebec Pension Plan) (T1 line 114), Old Age Security (OAS) (T1 line 113), Retirement Income Fund (RIF's) (T1 line 115), RRSP (Registered Retirement Savings Plan) withdrawals (T1 line 129), and Registered Pension Plans (RPPs).
• e. Other income from Government programs for families or individuals
  e.g., Canada Child Benefit, GST (Good and Services Tax) or HST (Harmonized Sales Tax) credits, Employment Insurance (EI) (T1 line 119), Working Income Tax Benefit
  Exclude any payments for farm programs.
• f. Other net income not from this operation (after expenses)
  e.g., income from another farm operation or business not related to this operation, oil lease rights, wind turbines, solar panels

Risk management

55. Based on your experience over the last 5 years, how would you rate each of the following risks faced by this operation?

a. Weather

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

b. Crop insects, pests and diseases

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

c. Livestock diseases

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

d. Commodity prices

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

e. Input prices

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

f. Interest rates on loans

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

g. Border closures or access to markets

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

h. Exchange rate
Value of Canadian dollar

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

i. Government policies, programs and regulations

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

j. Labour

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

Government-funded risk management programs—AgriInvest

56. In 2025, did this operation participate in the AgriInvest program?

AgriInvest is a self-managed producer-government savings account that allows producers to set money aside which can be used to recover from small income shortfalls or to make investments to reduce on-farm risks.

Participant is defined as “The holder of an AgriInvest Account”.

1. Yes
2. No
3. Not eligible

57. In 2025, did this operation deposit into or withdraw money from AgriInvest?

Please refer to this operation's 2025 AgriInvest Annual Statement of Account.

1. Yes
2. No

58. In 2025, what were this operation's total AgriInvest deposits?

Please refer to this operation's 2025 AgriInvest Annual Statement of Account.

Exclude government contributions.

59. In 2025, what were this operation's total AgriInvest withdrawals?

Please refer to this operation's 2025 AgriInvest Annual Statement of Account.

60. In 2025, what were the AgriInvest withdrawals used for?

Select all that apply.

1. To address a revenue decline
   e.g., lost production or decreased prices
2. To pay for farm input expenses
   e.g., seed, pesticides, fertilizer, feed, livestock purchases
3. To cover general farm expenses
   e.g., salaries and wages, rent for land and equipment, insurance, farm share of utilities, marketing
4. To make capital investments in the farm
   e.g., land, buildings, machinery, vehicles used in farming
5. To cover machinery expenses
   e.g., fuel, repairs, licenses and insurance for machinery and motor vehicles
6. To make payments on farm debt
   e.g., charges, interest and principal payments to a financial institution, to an input supplier
7. Other non-farm uses
   e.g., travel, pay home mortgage or loans not related to farming, education, vehicles not related to farming
   Specify all other non-farm uses

61. What were the ending balances in this operation's AgriInvest account as of this operation's fiscal year-end date?

Please refer to this operation's 2025 AgriInvest Annual Statement of Account.

1. Balance in Fund 1 (operator's deposits) 
2. Balance in Fund 2 (government contributions)

62. In 2025, which of the following reasons describe why this operation did not participate in the AgriInvest program?

Select all that apply.

1. Program benefits are too limited
2. Use other tools or programs to manage risks
3. Getting out of farming (or retiring)
4. Did not see a benefit
5. Lack of information
6. Not eligible
7. Other
   Specify other reasons

63. Based on your experience, how would you rate your level of satisfaction of the following characteristics of the Agrilnvest program?

a. Delivery

Administrators communicate effectively, respond to program changes in a timely way, are accurate in processing claims, etc.

• Very satisfied
• Somewhat satisfied
• Somewhat dissatisfied
• Very dissatisfied
• Not Applicable

b. Timeliness
Time it takes to assess the eligible amount and to receive government contribution.

• Very satisfied
• Somewhat satisfied
• Somewhat dissatisfied
• Very dissatisfied
• Not Applicable

c. Responsiveness
Effective in helping you recover small income losses or make on-farm investments.

• Very satisfied
• Somewhat satisfied
• Somewhat dissatisfied
• Very dissatisfied
• Not Applicable

d. Predictability
Likelihood of payments and the dollar amount are predictable.

• Very satisfied
• Somewhat satisfied
• Somewhat dissatisfied
• Very dissatisfied
• Not Applicable

Government-funded risk management programs—AgriStability

64. In which of the following years did this operation participate in AgriStability?

Participant is defined as “A producer that has paid the fee to confirm participation in the Program year.”

AgriStability provides support when you experience a large margin decline.

Select all that apply.

• 2025
• 2024
• 2023
• 2022
  OR
• Did not participate
  OR
• Not eligible

65. In 2025, which of the following reasons describe why this operation did not participate in the AgriStability program?

Select all that apply.

1. Program is complex or our operation is too small (might require an accountant)
2. Amount of program benefits is unpredictable
3. Program fees are relatively high
4. Use other tools or programs to manage risks
5. Payments are not timely
6. Getting out of farming (or retiring)
7. Other
   Specify other reasons

66. Based on your experience, how would you rate your level of satisfaction of the following characteristics of the AgriStability program?

a. Delivery
Administrators communicate effectively, respond to program changes in a timely way, are accurate in processing claims, etc.

• Very satisfied
• Somewhat satisfied
• Somewhat dissatisfied
• Very dissatisfied
• Not Applicable

b. Timeliness
Time it takes to assess the eligible amount and to receive government contribution.

• Very satisfied
• Somewhat satisfied
• Somewhat dissatisfied
• Very dissatisfied
• Not Applicable

c. Responsiveness
Effective in helping you recover small income losses or make on-farm investments.

• Very satisfied
• Somewhat satisfied
• Somewhat dissatisfied
• Very dissatisfied
• Not Applicable

d. Predictability
Likelihood of payments and the dollar amount are predictable.

• Very satisfied
• Somewhat satisfied
• Somewhat dissatisfied
• Very dissatisfied
• Not Applicable

67. Do you intend to enroll in the 2026 AgriStability program?

1. Yes
2. No
   What are the reasons?
   Select all that apply.
   1. Amount of program benefits is unpredictable
   2. Program fees are relatively high
   3. Use other tools or programs to manage risks
   4. Payments are not timely
   5. Getting out of farming (or retiring)
   6. Other
      Specify other reasons

Government-funded risk management programs—AgriInsurance

68. In which of the following years did this operation participate in AgriInsurance (also known as provincial crop insurance or production insurance)?

AgriInsurance is a federal-provincial-producer cost-shared program that stabilizes a producer's income by minimizing the economic effects of production losses caused by natural hazards. AgriInsurance is a provincially delivered program.

Select all that apply.

1. 2025
2. 2024
3. 2023
4. 2022
   OR
5. Did not participate
   OR
6. Not eligible

69. In 2025, which of the following reasons describe why this operation did not participate in the AgriInsurance program?

Select all that apply.

1. Production coverage options are not clear
2. Commodity specific plans (including coverage levels) are inadequate or not available
3. Program benefits are unpredictable
4. Premium costs are too high
5. Use other tools or programs to manage risks
6. Payments are too infrequent
7. Getting out of farming (or retiring)
8. Other
   Specify other reasons

70. Based on your experience, how would you rate your level of satisfaction of the following characteristics of the AgriInsurance program?

a. Delivery
Administrators communicate effectively, respond to program changes in a timely way, are accurate in processing claims, etc.

• Very satisfied
• Somewhat satisfied
• Somewhat dissatisfied
• Very dissatisfied
• Not Applicable

b. Timeliness
Time it takes to assess the eligible amount and to receive government contribution.

• Very satisfied
• Somewhat satisfied
• Somewhat dissatisfied
• Very dissatisfied
• Not Applicable

c. Responsiveness
The effectiveness of the coverage in helping you recover from production losses.

• Very satisfied
• Somewhat satisfied
• Somewhat dissatisfied
• Very dissatisfied
• Not Applicable

d. Predictability
Likelihood of payments and the dollar amount are predictable.

• Very satisfied
• Somewhat satisfied
• Somewhat dissatisfied
• Very dissatisfied
• Not Applicable

Government-funded risk management programs—Advance Payments Program (APP)

71. Has this operation ever participated in the Advance Payments Program (APP)?

Advance Payments Program (APP) is a federal loan guarantee program which provides agricultural producers with easy access to low-interest cash advances.

1. Yes
   How much was the last advance for this operation?
   • a. $100,000 or under
   • b. $100,001 to $200,000
   • c. $200,001 to $300,000
   • d. $300,001 to $400,000
   • e. $400,001 to $500,000
   • f. $500,001 to $1,000,000
     Why did this operation receive this amount?
     Select all that apply
     1. Only requested an interest-free advance
     2. Amount was required to meet cash-flow needs
     3. Not eligible to receive more
     4. Other
        Specify other reason
2. No
3. Not eligible

72. Why did this operation borrow money through the Advance Payments Program (APP)?

Select all that apply.

1. To manage my inventory to maximize sales revenue
2. Terms for APP loans (e.g., interest rates, repayment terms) are attractive compared to other financing options
3. APP loans are effective in helping manage cash flow of my operation
4. Other
   Specify other reasons

73. In 2025, did this operation participate in the Advance Payments Program (APP)?

1. Yes
2. No

74. Will this operation participate in the Advance Payments Program (APP) in coming years?

1. Yes
2. No
   What are the reasons? 
   Select all that apply
   • a. This operation has other means of managing cash flow
   • b. Other lenders have more beneficial terms or services
   • c. Don't know enough about the APP
   • d. The size of the loan doesn't reflect this operation's needs
   • e. Conditions for advances (e.g., repayment terms, interest rate) are not attractive
   • f. Other
     Specify other reasons
3. Don't know

Private risk management strategies

75. In 2025, which of the following tools or programs did the operation use to manage business risks?

Select all that apply.

1. Livestock Price Insurance (LPI)
2. Maritime Livestock Price Insurance Pilot Program (MLPIPP)
3. Futures Market Hedging or Options
4. Private Insurance
   e.g., livestock mortality, hail insurance
5. Canadian Agricultural Loans Act
6. Price pooling tools
   e.g., grain pools; exclude supply-managed marketing boards
7. Deliverables Insurance
   i.e., for non payment on delivery
8. Production or marketing contracts with buyers, processors, seed companies, etc.
   Exclude supply-managed commodities, futures contracts and options.
   OR
9. None of the above

Risk management

76. For your operation, how important are each of the following government-funded risk management programs in providing an effective means of managing business risk and disaster situations (caused by weather, low commodity prices, etc.) at your farm operation?

a. AgriInvest

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

b. AgriStability

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

c. AgriInsurance

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

d. Advance Payments Program (or Cash Advance Program)

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

77. For your operation, how important are each of the following strategies in providing an effective means of managing business risk and disaster situations (caused by weather, low commodity prices, etc.) at your farm operation?

a. Make use of market-based or private risk management tools (production or marketing contracts, hedging, options, private insurance)

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

b. Livestock Price Insurance (LPI)

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

c. Maritime Livestock Price Insurance Pilot Program (MLPIPP)

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

d. Diversification of farm production

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

e. Off-farm income or other income sources

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

f. Other

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

78. You've indicated there were other risk management tools or strategies providing effective means of managing business risk and disaster situations (caused by weather, low commodity prices, etc.) at your farm operation. What are these other risk management tools or strategies?

79. How has this operation's Business Risk Management (BRM) strategy shifted in the last five years?

BRM (Business Risk Management) programs include AgriInvest, AgriStability, AgriInsurance and the Advance Payments Program.

1. No major shift
2. Rely more on BRM programs than before
3. Rely less on BRM programs and more on private risk management tools
4. Rely less on both BRM programs and private risk management tools and more on on-farm mitigation strategies (e.g., diversification)

80. In recent years, how much of a role did Business Risk Management (BRM) programs play in this operation's investment decisions?

BRM (Business Risk Management) programs include AgriInvest, AgriStability, AgriInsurance and the Advance Payments Program.

1. No role
2. Minor role
3. Moderate role
4. Large role
5. Very large role

On-farm innovation

The following questions will assist in improving policies and programs that foster innovation in the sector. Information on current practices will be very helpful.

Innovation means implementing a new or significantly improved product, practice or process on your farming operation. Innovations must be new to your operation but need not be new to the industry.

81. In the last three years, 2023 to 2025, did this operation implement any of the following new or significantly improved products or practices?

New or significantly improved product, practices or process means any innovation you've adopted to your operation. The innovation must be new to your operation, but not necessarily new to the industry.

a. Crop products
e.g., crop varieties, cultivars or hybrids

1. Yes
2. No

b. Livestock products
e.g., types or breeds raised

1. Yes
2. No

c. Production practices

For example:

• feed management, animal housing, manure storage and treatment, livestock handling, grazing, biosecurity, other animal health and productivity practices
• seeding or planting, rotations, fertilizer or manure application, pest management, irrigation, harvesting, crop storage, using Global Positioning System (GPS) technology, other soil, land or crop improvement practices
• water management, organic farming, halal and other production practices
• precision agriculture using sensors and drones, AI (artificial intelligence)-based pest detection, autonomous robots and unmanned machines (harvesting, weeding, spraying, etc), regenerative farming techniques

1. Yes
2. No

d. Approaches to marketing

e.g., types of contracts, futures, options, direct marketing, AI-powered market analysis tools, blockchain for supply chain transparency, digital platforms for direct-to-consumer sales

1. Yes
2. No

e. Business management practices

e.g., approaches to labour requirements, business ownership or partnerships, ways of acquiring inputs, new processing activities, farm management software with AI analytics, automated accounting systems, cloud-based inventory management

1. Yes
2. No

Best management practices

The questions in this section focus on hay field or pasture composition.

82. In 2025, did this operation maintain any hay fields or pastures?

1. Yes
   How many acres, hectares or arpents of hay fields or pastures did you operate?
   Include hay fields or pastures rented from others.
   Exclude hay fields or pastures on farmland rented to others.
2. No

83. In 2025, did any of your hay fields or pastures include the following legumes or quality forages?

Select all that apply.

• Alfalfa
• Tannin containing legumes
  e.g., sainfoin or cicer milkvetch
• Quality forages
  e.g., timothy, fescues, meadow brome
  OR
• None of the above

84. In 2025, how many acres, hectares or arpents of hay fields or pastures included legumes or quality forages?

Include hay fields or pastures rented from others.

Exclude hay fields or pastures rented to others.

85. The last time you seeded your hay field or pastureland, what was the cost per acre, hectare or arpent to include legumes or quality forages?

Include the cost of seed and seeding, labour and any other related costs.

• Cost per acre, hectare or arpent in CAN$
  OR
• Don't know

86. What is the most recent year in which this operation seeded legumes or quality forages in hay fields or pastures?

• Year
  OR
• Don't know
• Never seeded or naturally occurring

87. In 2025, how important were each of the following reasons for including legumes or quality forages in hay fields or pastures?

a. Improved profitability

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

b. Improved cattle health and productivity

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

c. On-farm conservation
e.g., increase in biodiversity

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

d. Environmental benefits
e.g., reduction in greenhouse gases

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

e. Knowing other operations that had successfully included legumes or quality forages

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

f. Anticipated saving time or effort

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

g. This operation received technical assistance

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

h. This operation received financial assistance

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

i. Other reasons

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important
• Not Applicable

88. Please specify the other reasons for including legumes or quality forages in hay fields or pastures.

89. In 2025, what were the main reasons that this operation did not include legumes or quality forages in hay fields or pastures.

Select all that apply.

• Uncertainty about the economic benefits
• Did not meet the conservation needs of this operation
• Too much time or effort required to implement this practice
• Insufficient financial assistance to cover the costs
• Lack of technical assistance
• This operation did not own the land
• Other reasons
  • Specify the other reasons

Farm production losses

90. In 2025, did this operation produce fruits, vegetables, potatoes or mushrooms?

1. Yes
2. No

91. In 2025, did this operation experience any loss of fully grown fruits, vegetables, potatoes or mushrooms that were harvest-ready or that had already been harvested?

Exclude loss from product that was still growing.

1. Yes
2. No

92. In 2025, what were the causes of the losses of harvest-ready production that occurred on this farm?

Select all that apply.

• Rejection due to quality standards
  How much did the rejection due to quality standards contribute to the losses of harvest-ready or harvested production for this operation?

1. Contributed a lot
2. Contributed a little

• Inadequate labour capacity
  How much did inadequate labour capacity contribute to the losses of harvest-ready or harvested production for this operation?

1. Contributed a lot
2. Contributed a little

• Equipment issues or breakdowns
  How much did equipment issues or breakdowns contribute to the losses of harvest-ready or harvested production for this operation?

1. Contributed a lot
2. Contributed a little

• Inaccurate supply and demand forecasting, cancelled orders or contracts
  How much did inadequate forecasting or cancelled orders contribute to the losses of harvest-ready or harvested production for this operation?

1. Contributed a lot
2. Contributed a little

• Inadequate storage
  How much did inadequate storage contribute to the losses of harvest-ready or harvested production for this operation?

1. Contributed a lot
2. Contributed a little

• Transportation delays
  How much did transportation delays contribute to the losses of harvest-ready or harvested production for this operation?

1. Contributed a lot
2. Contributed a little

• Price volatility made harvesting unaffordable
  How much did price volatility contribute to the losses of harvest-ready or harvested production for this operation?

1. Contributed a lot
2. Contributed a little

• Overproduction—unable to sell all
  How much did overproduction contribute to the losses of harvest-ready or harvested production for this operation?

1. Contributed a lot
2. Contributed a little

• Could not find a market
  How much did not finding a market contribute to the losses of harvest-ready or harvested production for this operation?

1. Contributed a lot
2. Contributed a little

• Other reasons
  Specify the other reasons
  How much did these other reasons contribute to the losses of harvest-ready or harvested production for this operation?

1. Contributed a lot
2. Contributed a little

93. In 2025, which of the following practices did this operation have in place to manage any losses of harvest-ready or harvested production?

Select all that apply.

• Donation or sharing with others
  e.g., food banks
• Diversions to animal feed production
• Diversion to energy production
  e.g., anaerobic digestion
• Production of compost
• Left in a pile to naturally decompose
• Left in the field
• Actively applied to the field
• Disposal at landfill
• Burnt or incinerated
• Other practices
  Specify the other practices

94. In 2025, what was the estimated cost associated with the disposal of losses of harvest-ready or harvested production?

Include haulage, tipping fees and other disposal costs.

Direct sales to retailers

95. In 2025, did this operation sell any products directly to retailers?

A retailer is an operation that sells directly to customers. Exclude wholesalers, cooperatives and sales directly to customers.

1. Yes
   Did this operation encounter any of the following challenges?
   Select all that apply.
   • Lack of transparency in the application of retail fees
   • Unpredictable payment terms
   • Difficult price negotiation
   • Changes to previously agreed upon terms or conditions
   • Meeting volume requirements
   • Other challenges
     Specify the other challenges
2. No

On-farm innovation

96. In the last three years, 2023 to 2025, how important were the following activities when deciding to try something new on this operation?

a. Obtaining advice and information from fellow farmers based on their experiences

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

b. Attending demonstration farms and field days to observe the innovation implemented

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

c. Attending workshops, seminars, meetings or conferences

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

d. Obtaining information from input companies
e.g., seed and feed dealers

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

e. Seeking information from independent consultants

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

f. Seeking information from regional specialists or extension officers

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

g. Reading detailed technical and financial information
e.g., on line research

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

h. Relying on own experience

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

i. Participating in producer associations

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

97. In the last three years, from 2023 to 2025, how important were the following factors when deciding to try something new on this operation?

a. Cost reduction or increase in production

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

b. Increase in value of product
e.g., due to superior quality or attributes or novelty of the product

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

c. Environmental benefits

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

d. Benefits for work and family balance

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

e. Level of financial risk of the innovation compared to current practice

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

f. Access to financial resources to implement the innovation
e.g., loans, venture capital or other financing

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

g. Availability of information to assess the value of the innovation for your operation

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

h. Technical expertise to implement the innovation

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

i. Operator’s time required to implement the innovation

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

j. Labour requirement

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

k. Worker safety

• Very important
• Important
• Somewhat important
• Not important

98. When it comes to the introduction of new or significantly improved products, processes or practices, does this operation tend to:

1. be among the first to try something new
2. wait until at least a few others have tried it first
3. wait until it has been well tested
4. be among the last to try something new

Local Food

99. In 2025, did this operation sell any food products locally?

Include direct-to-consumer, local independent or chain retailers, local independent or chain restaurants, food trucks, caterers, meal kits and local institutions. 

Exclude:

• sales to local processors, manufacturers and wholesalers
• charitable donations, animal feed and food produced by other farms. 

1. Yes
2. No

100. In 2025, approximately what percentage of your operation’s total sales came from local market channels?

For local market channels include direct-to-consumer, local independent or chain retailers, local independent or chain restaurants, food trucks, caterers, meal kits and local institutions.

Exclude:

• sales to local processors, manufacturers and wholesalers
• charitable donations, animal feed and food produced by other farms. 

Percentage of total sales

If less than 1%, please enter 1%

101. Thinking only about your operation’s local food sales in 2025, what percentage came from the following local market channels?

Exclude:

• sales to local processors, manufacturers and wholesalers
• charitable donations, animal feed and food produced by other farms. 

1. Direct-to-consumer
   e.g., online, kiosks, U-pick, farmers’ markets, community supported agriculture baskets
2. Local independent or chain retailers
   e.g., grocery, mass merchandisers, bakeries
3. Local independent or chain restaurants, food trucks, caterers or meal kits
4. Local institutions
   e.g., hospitals, schools
5. Other
   Specify other local market channel

Changes or events

102. Indicate any changes or events that affected the reported values for this business or organization compared with the last reporting period.

Select all that apply.

1. Price changes in goods or services sold
2. Price changes in labour or raw materials
3. Natural disaster
4. Weather—early or late start to spring or winter
5. Other
   Specify the other change or event
   OR
6. No changes or events

Contact person

103. Statistics Canada may need to contact the person who completed this questionnaire for further information.

Is the respondent the best person to contact?

1. Yes
2. No
   Who is the best person to contact about this questionnaire?
   • a. First name
   • b. Last name
   • c. Title
   • d. Email address
     Example: user@example.gov.ca
   • e. Telephone number (including area code)
     Example: 123-123-1234
   • f. Extension number (if applicable)
   • g. Fax number (including area code)
     Example: 123-123-1234

Feedback

104. How long did it take to complete this questionnaire?

Include the time spent gathering the necessary information.

105. Do you have any comments about this questionnaire?

200 characters available

Form 91Q

Confidential when completed.

This information is collected under the authority of the Statistics Act. R.S.C., 1985, c. S-19

Control use

SSID

• Prov.
• CD No.
• CU No.
• VR Line No.

Contact person

Office Use Only

Result of interview

1. Completed questionnaire
2. Incomplete questionnaire

Section 1 — Address or Exact Location of This Dwelling

Transcribe from the Assignment List (Form 1B)

• Street and No. or lot and concession
• Apt. No.
• City, town, village
• Province/territory
• Postal Code

Section 2 — Verification of Dwelling

Interviewer check item:
1. Is there a dwelling (a set of living quarters with a private entrance) at the address listed above?

1. Yes; Continue with Question 2
2. No; What is located at this address?
   3. Business or professional office of some sort (e.g., dentist office, gas station); Continue with Question 2
   4. Dwelling under construction; Continue with Question 2
   5. Dwelling demolished; Continue with Question 2
   6. Empty lot; Continue with Question 2
   7. Could not locate address; End interview
   8. Apartment no longer used as a separate dwelling; Continue with Question 2
   9. Other – Specify; End interview

Read script: refer to Form 91R
2. On Census Day, Tuesday, May 12, was there a single set of living quarters at this address, or was there more than one?

1. None; End interview
2. One; Continue with Question 3
3. More than one; Did each have a private entrance?
   4. Yes; Go to Question 3 and complete a separate questionnaire for each dwelling
   5. No; Go to Question 3

Interviewer check item:
3. Identify person contacted.

• Given name and initial(s)
• Family name

1. Occupant
2. Neighbour
3. Superintendent or building manager
4. Other; Specify

Section 3 — Dwelling Occupancy Status on May 12, 2026

4. Was someone living in the dwelling on Census Day?

1. Yes; Continue with Question 5
2. No; Go to Question 6
3. Don't know; End interview and find another contact

• If the dwelling is now occupied but the occupancy on May 12, 2026 is unknown, check "Don't know".
• Only check "Yes" or "No" based on the occupancy on Census Day, Tuesday, May 12, 2026.

5. On Census Day, were they living in the dwelling on a temporary or occasional basis, or was it their main residence?
A temporary or occasional basis would include such things as staying at a summer home or a second home.

1. Temporary – Specify; Go to Question 15
2. Main residence; Go to Question 17
3. Don't know; Go to Question 17

6. Is the dwelling generally occupied on a temporary or occasional basis, or is it someone's main residence?
A temporary or occasional basis would include such things as a summer home or a second home.

1. Temporary – Specify; Go to Question 15
2. Main residence; Continue with Question 7
3. Don't know; Continue with Question 7

7. Were the usual residents temporarily away, or staying outside of Canada on Census Day, Tuesday, May 12?
Temporarily away includes being away on business, at a summer home, on vacation, or at school.

1. Yes – Specify; Go to Question 17
2. No; Continue with Question 8
3. Don't know; Continue with Question 8

Section 4 — Interview A — Dwelling Unoccupied on May 12, 2026

8. Was anyone living in the dwelling at any time between May 1st and Census Day, Tuesday, May 12?

1. Yes; Continue with Question 9
2. No; Go to Question 11
3. Don't know; Go to Question 11

9. Were they living in this dwelling on a temporary or occasional basis, or was it their main residence?
A temporary or occasional basis would include such things as staying at a summer home or a second home.

1. Temporary; Go to Question 15
2. Main residence; Continue with Question 10
3. Don't know; Go to Question 11

10. Could you tell me when these former occupants moved out of the dwelling?

1. On or before May 11, 2026; Continue with Question 11
2. On or after May 12, 2026; Return to Question 4, and obtain information about the dwelling for Census Day. Use a new questionnaire if necessary.
3. Don't know; Continue with Question 11

Interviewer check item:
11. Is the person being interviewed an occupant of the dwelling listed in SECTION 1?

1. Yes; Continue with Question 12
2. No; Go to Question 13

12. On what date did your household move into this dwelling?

1. On or before May 12, 2026; Return to Question 4, and obtain information about the dwelling for Census Day. Use a new questionnaire if necessary.
2. On or after May 13, 2026; Go to Question 15
3. Don’t know; Go to Question 15

13. Is someone currently living in the dwelling?

1. Yes; Continue with Question 14
2. No; Go to Question 15
3. Don't know; Go to Question 15

14. On what date did the current occupant(s) move into the dwelling?

1. On or before May 12, 2026; Return to Question 4, and obtain information about the dwelling for Census Day. Use a new questionnaire if necessary.
2. On or after May 13, 2026; Continue with Question 15
3. Don't know; Continue with Question 15

15. Was this dwelling suitable for year-round occupancy on Census Day, Tuesday, May 12?
That is, did it have a source of heat or power, and provide complete shelter from the elements?

1. Yes; Continue with Question 16
2. No; Continue with Question 16
3. Don't know; Continue with Question 16

16. Was this dwelling under construction or major renovation on Census Day, Tuesday, May 12?

1. Yes; End interview and complete Question 24 and Question 25
2. No; End interview and complete Question 24 and Question 25
3. Don't know; End interview and complete Question 24 and Question 25

Section 5 — Interview B — Dwelling Occupied on May 12, 2026

17. How many persons were living in the dwelling on Census Day, Tuesday, May 12?

Include:

• All persons who had their main residence at this address on May 12, 2026, including newborn babies, roommates and persons who were temporarily away,
• Canadian citizens, landed immigrants (permanent residents), persons asking for refugee status (asylum seekers), persons from another country with a work or study permit and family members living here with them,
• Persons who were staying at this address temporarily on May 12, 2026 who had no main residence elsewhere.

Exclude:

• Visitors who had their main residence elsewhere in Canada,
• Government representatives of another country or members of the Armed Forces of another country and their families,
• Residents of another country visiting Canada, for example, on a business trip or on vacation.

1. number of persons; Continue with Question 18
   If "00" persons (meaning ALL persons living in this dwelling are in the "Exclude" group) End interview and complete Question 24 and Question 25
2. Don't know; Continue with Question 18

18. When did these people move into this dwelling?

1. On or before May 12, 2026; Go to Question 21
2. On or after May 13, 2026; Continue with Question 19
3. Don't know; Go to Question 23

19. Did anyone live in the dwelling prior to these people?

1. Yes; Continue with Question 20
2. No; Return to Question 4, and obtain information about the dwelling for Census Day. Use a new questionnaire if necessary.
3. Don't know; Go to Question 23

20. When did these former occupants move out of this dwelling?

1. On or before May 11, 2026; Return to Question 4, and obtain information about the dwelling for Census Day. Use a new questionnaire if necessary
2. On or after May 12, 2026; Return to Question 17 and obtain information for the May 12 occupants
3. Don't know; Go to Question 23

21. Do these people still live in the dwelling?

1. Yes; Go to Question 23
2. No; Continue with Question 22
3. Don't know; Go to Question 23

22. When did these people move out of the dwelling?

1. On or before May 11, 2026; Return to Question 4, and obtain information about the dwelling for Census Day. Use a new questionnaire if necessary.
2. On or after May 12, 2026; Go to Question 23
3. Don't know; Go to Question 23

23. For each person usually living in the dwelling on Census Day, Tuesday, May 12, what is their approximate age?

Interviewer instructions:
Refer to Question 17 to obtain the total number of persons.
If Question 17 has no response or the number of persons is "00" or more than "06", End interview and complete Question 24 and Question 25.

1. Number of persons

Obtain the age group for each person. If the age of a person is unknown, a best guess is acceptable. If it’s unclear which category to choose, read the age groups out loud to the respondent for clarification.

End interview and complete Question 24 and 25.

Section 6 — Classification of Dwelling

Interviewer:
To be completed by interviewer upon completion of interview.

24. What is the "dwelling type" of the dwelling listed in Section 1? Mark one circle only.
For a list of dwelling types and their definitions refer to page 6.

1. Single-detached house
2. Semi-detached house
3. Row house
4. Apartment or flat in a duplex
5. Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys
6. Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys
7. Other single-attached house
8. Mobile home
9. Other movable dwelling

25. Is the dwelling listed in Section 1 suitable for year round occupancy?
That is, does it have a source of heat or power, and provide complete shelter from the elements?

1. Yes
2. No
3. Don't know

Section 7 — Situations in the Field

Interviewer check item:
Check all that apply. Explain situations in Section 8 - Comments.

1. "No dwelling exists" or "Could not locate address" - explain the situation
2. More than one dwelling at the same address – explain the situation & write down the exact number of dwellings at this address
3. Two addresses describe the same dwelling – write down the SSID for each dwelling
4. Only one of the two addresses associated with the dwelling is listed on the Assignment List, Form 1B, you will conduct one interview for the entire dwelling – write the other address associated with the dwelling
5. Dwelling is a business or collective dwelling with a private dwelling at the address – explain the situation
6. Refusal by the occupant
7. Refusal by NON-occupant
8. Received a completed Form 2A during DCS
9. Other – explain the situation

Section 8 — Comments

(Space for comments)

Private dwelling type codes - Definitions

1. Single-detached house

A single dwelling not attached to any other dwelling or structure (except its own garage or shed).

A single-detached house has open space on all sides, and has no dwellings either above it or below it.

A mobile home fixed permanently to a foundation should be coded as a single-detached house. (See Code 8.)

2. Semi-detached house

One of two dwellings attached side by side (or back to back) to each other, but not attached to any other dwelling or structure (except its own garage or shed). A semi-detached house has no dwellings either above it or below it and the two units, together, have open space on all sides.

3. Row house

One of three or more dwellings joined side by side (or occasionally side to back), such as a townhouse or garden home, but not having any other dwellings either above it or below. If townhouses are attached to high-rise buildings, assign Code 3 to each townhouse.

4. Apartment or flat in a duplex

One of two dwellings, located one above the other. If duplexes are attached to triplexes or other duplexes or to other non-residential structures (e.g., a store), assign Code 4 to each apartment or flat in the duplexes.

5. Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys

A dwelling unit in a high-rise apartment building which has five or more storeys. Also included are apartments in a building that has five or more storeys where the first floor and/or second floor are commercial establishments.

6. Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys

A dwelling unit attached to other dwelling units, commercial units, or other non-residential space in a building that has fewer than five storeys.

7. Other single-attached house

A single dwelling that is attached to another building and that does not fall into any of the other categories, such as a single dwelling attached to a non-residential structure (e.g., store or church) or occasionally to another residential structure (e.g., apartment building).

8. Mobile home

A single dwelling, designed and constructed to be transported on its own chassis and capable of being moved to a new location on short notice. It may be placed temporarily on a foundation pad and may be covered by a skirt.

A mobile home must meet the following two conditions:

• It is designed and constructed to be transported on its base frame (or chassis) in one piece.
• The dwelling can be moved on short notice. This dwelling can be easily relocated to a new location, because of the nature of its construction, by disconnecting it from services, attaching it to a standard wheel assembly and moving it without resorting to significant renovations and reconstructions.

9. Other movable dwelling

A single dwelling, other than a mobile home, used as a place of residence, but capable of being moved on short notice, such as a tent, recreational vehicle, travel trailer, houseboat or floating home.

Private dwelling type codes — Chart

Is this dwelling attached to another dwelling or structure (other than its own garage or shed)?

• No
  Can this dwelling be moved on short notice?
  • No: Code 1
  • Yes
    Is this dwelling designed and constructed to be transported on its own frame (i.e., mobile home)?
    • No: Code 9
    • Yes: Code 8
• Yes
  Does this dwelling have any other dwelling(s) above or below it?
  • No
    Is this dwelling in a building that has more than two dwellings attached side by side or back to back?
    • No
      Is this dwelling attached to only one other dwelling side by side or back to back (i.e., semi-detached)?
      • No: Code 7
      • Yes: Code 2
    • Yes: Code 3
  • Yes
    Is this dwelling in a building that has five or more storeys?
    • No
      Are there exactly two dwellings in this building?
      • No: Code 6
      • Yes: Code 4
    • Yes: Code 5

Integrated Business Statistics Program (IBSP)

This guide is designed to assist you as you complete the 2026 Biannual Livestock Survey. If you need more information, please call the Statistics Canada Help Line at the number below.

Your answers are confidential.

Statistics Canada is prohibited by law from releasing any information it collects which could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent or as permitted by the Statistics Act.

Statistics Canada will use information from this survey for statistical purposes.

Help Line: 1-800-565-1685

Table of contents

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Reporting instructions
Definitions
Livestock: inclusions and exclusions
Cattle and calves
Pigs
Pigs - Farrowings
Sheep and lambs

Text begins

Reporting instructions

When answering the questions, please include as of the reference day:

• All livestock (cattle or calves, pigs, and/or sheep or lambs) on your operation regardless of ownership, including livestock custom fed, fed under contract for others, and livestock pastured.
• All livestock owned by the operator and held on Crown land, community pastures, and grazing projects.
• Please do not report livestock (cattle or calves, pigs, and/or sheep or lambs) which are owned by you but kept on a farm, ranch or feedlot operated by someone else.

Definitions

Legal Name 
The legal name is one recognized by law, thus it is the name liable for pursuit or for debts incurred by the business or organization. In the case of a corporation, it is the legal name as fixed by its charter or the statute by which the corporation was created.

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

To indicate a legal name of another legal entity you should instead indicate it in question 3 by selecting 'Not currently operational' and then choosing the applicable reason and providing the legal name of this other entity along with any other requested information.

Operating Name
The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

Current main activity of the business or organization
The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. Created against the background of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is designed to provide common definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three economies. NAICS is based on supply-side or production-oriented principles, to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS, are suitable for the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.

The target entity for which NAICS is designed are businesses and other organizations engaged in the production of goods and services. They include farms, incorporated and unincorporated businesses and government business enterprises. They also include government institutions and agencies engaged in the production of marketed and non-marketed services, as well as organizations such as professional associations and unions and charitable or non-profit organizations and the employees of households.

The associated NAICS should reflect those activities conducted by the business or organizational unit(s) targeted by this questionnaire only, and which can be identified by the specified legal and operating name. The main activity is the activity which most defines the targeted business or organization's main purpose or reason for existence. For a business or organization that is for-profit, it is normally the activity that generates the majority of the revenue for the entity.

The NAICS classification contains a limited number of activity classifications; the associated classification might be applicable for this business or organization even if it is not exactly how you would describe this business or organization's main activity.

Please note that any modifications to the main activity through your response to this question might not necessarily be reflected prior to the transmitting of subsequent questionnaires and as a result they may not contain this updated information.

Livestock: inclusions and exclusions

Include all livestock on your operation as of the reference day, regardless of ownership, including livestock pastured, custom fed or fed under contract for others.

Include all livestock owned by the operator and held on Crown land, community pastures and grazing projects.

Exclude livestock which are owned by you but kept on a farm, ranch, or feedlot operated by someone else.

Community pastures, grazing associations, Crown land: a community pasture or grazing reserve can be a federal, provincial or municipal land operated by a manager and rented to livestock producers for pasturing animals at a fixed fee per head. A co-operative grazing association is a group of people who usually incorporate and rent or lease land for a common grazing area.

Note: forest reserves fall under the category of grazing reserve. Crown land is land owned by the government (municipal, provincial or federal) and generally managed by the government. Crown land does not necessarily have to be used for the purpose of grazing livestock, although grazing does take place on Crown land, particularly in British Columbia.

Fed under contract / custom feeding: livestock are fed under a pre-arranged agreement with a company (for example, feed mill) or another producer to feed the cattle or hogs to market weight. Usually the "feed" operator owns the buildings and supplies the labour but does not own the livestock.

Feedlot (cattle): feedlots are operations where livestock are fattened for market. A feedlot operation may own the animals, or may feed them for other operators for a fee, or both.
Note: feedlots are more applicable to cattle.

Feeding and finishing operations (pigs): feeding and finishing operations are applicable to pigs. Hog feeding and finishing operations are operations in which hogs are fed to market weight. Usually there are no breeding sows or boars in these operations other than those culled from a breeding herd, being fattened for slaughter.

Slaughtered for own consumption: if there are any livestock (cattle, hogs, or sheep) which will be slaughtered for personal consumption, include that livestock in inventory counts. For example, if a dairy operator has one pig which will be slaughtered for personal consumption, include this pig in inventory counts.

Cattle and calves

Bulls: male cattle which have not been castrated, 1 year and over, which are or will be kept for breeding purposes or for slaughter.

Steers: castrated male cattle, 1 year and over, being fed for slaughter.

Heifers: female cattle over 1 year old which have never calved, used (or to be used) for breeding or fed for slaughter.

Cow: female cattle which have calved at least once, being used for the production of dairy or for the reproduction of beef calves. Include "first calf heifers".

Calves: cattle of either sex, under 1 year old.

Calving: a term used when referring to cattle, meaning to give birth.

Pigs

Boars: non-castrated male pigs, 6 months and older, used or to be used (or sold) for breeding purposes.

Bred gilts: female pigs which have never farrowed but which have been bred; they are intended for breeding purposes.

Farrowing: term used when referring to pigs, meaning "to give birth".

Feeders: market pigs that are 50 to 119 lb (23 to 53 kg) or 120 to 179 lb (54 to 81 kg).
Note: sometimes referred to as grower pigs.

Finishers: market pigs over 179 lb (81 kg) which are being fed for slaughter.

Gilts: female pigs which have never farrowed and are intended for breeding. Gilts intended for breeding may or may not be bred.
Note: gilts are younger than bred gilts.

Hog: a general term used to describe any type of pig.

Market pigs: consists of 'feeders (growers)' and 'finishers' which are over 50 lb (23 kg). The general term 'market pigs' is to differentiate from pigs for breeding.

Piglet: a general term used to describe a new born pig.

Slaughter hogs: pigs which are approximately 220 to 240 lb (100 to 110 kg) and are ready to be sold or slaughtered.

Sows: female pigs which have farrowed at least once.

Stillborn: born dead.

Suckling pigs: young pigs under 15 lb (7 kg), which have not been weaned.

Weaners, Weanling, Nursery or Starter: pigs of either sex, 15 to 49 lb (7 to 22 kg), which have recently been weaned.

Weaning: switching a young animal from mother's milk to another source of food.

Pigs - Farrowings

Total number of farrowings: this question is asking to report the total number of farrowings in the last 6 months. If a sow farrowed two times in the last 6 months this would be reported as two farrowings.

Average number of piglets born per litter: this question is asking to report the average number of piglets born per litter during the last 6 months. Some respondents interpret this to mean how many total piglets were born during the last six months. The data we are looking for is the average number of piglets born per sow. For example: If a respondent has 100 sows and each sow has 10 piglets born per litter. The correct response would be on average 10 piglets born per litter. Include piglets born alive and stillborn.

Total piglets born: this question is asking to report the total number of piglets born in the last 6 months. Total number of farrowings in the last 6 months multiplied by average number of piglets born per litter equals the total piglets born in the last 6 months. If the respondent is not able to report the total number of farrowings or average number of piglets born, the respondent should report the total number of piglets born in the last 6 months. Include piglets born alive and stillborn.

Sheep and lambs

Rams: non-castrated male sheep kept for breeding.

Ewes: female sheep kept for breeding.

Replacement lambs: replacement lambs are lambs that are being kept for breeding purposes. Include lambs born on the operation and lambs purchased from other sources. Also include lambs born and still located on the operation that will eventually be sold to other farms for breeding purposes.

Market lambs: market lambs are male or female lambs that are raised with the intent for slaughter.

Thank you for your participation.