Audit Report

March 2018
Project Number: 80590‑104

Executive summary

Human resources planning is the process of identifying current and future human resources needs for an organization to achieve its goals. HR planning serves as a link between HR management and the overall strategic plan of an organization.

Over the last year, Statistics Canada has been implementing a new vision of a modernized workplace culture and approach to producing and collecting statistics, which has resulted in greater and faster access to statistical products for Canadians. HR is at the centre of modernization efforts, since key skills and competencies will be critical to supporting this corporate vision.

Because Statistics Canada is in the process of implementing this new direction, many HR processes have been transformed, including processes related to HR planning and the governance of HR management activities.

Building on a solid HR planning foundation, Statistics Canada is in a prime position to leverage opportunities to improve or enhance many of the existing processes in alignment with the goals of the modernization initiative.

Why is this important?

Statistics Canada is in the process of implementing a modernization initiative, and HR will be critical in supporting this corporate objective. HR will look ahead and put the necessary steps in place today to meet current and future HR needs.

Key findings

Governance processes over HR planning are in place to provide direction and oversight. Committees and subcommittees are designed to address all areas of HR management and provide support to the modernization initiative.

Roles and responsibilities for HR planning are clearly defined and documented throughout the organization. Additionally, key risks to meeting HR modernization objectives have been defined and mitigation strategies have been identified in order to effectively manage these risks.

HR planning processes are in place with many of the key components needed to develop an integrated HR and business plan.

Objectives and business goals have been defined and work has begun to develop an understanding of the environment and identify skill gaps. The Human Resource Branch works with programs and committees to identify and address short and long term needs in order to develop recruitment and staffing options.

Some HR strategies have been developed to meet new and emerging agency-wide critical skill sets but have not yet been finalized in an overarching consolidated plan. This is largely because the organization is transitioning to support the new modernization agenda. There are opportunities to improve the structured and integrated approach of the planning process by creating a plan and tools for obtaining more granular information in the future that will allow for more precise identification of HR needs in the modernization context.

Lastly, as the organization develops its long-term vision for HR planning, it should develop monitoring approaches with concrete targets to measure the success of this strategy.

Overall conclusion

Statistics Canada has established an HR planning framework to address current HR business needs. HR planning processes for longer-term business needs in the new context of modernization have not yet been developed agency-wide.

Conformance with Professional Standards

The audit was conducted in accordance with the Internal Auditing Standards for the Government of Canada, which includes the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) International Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing.

Sufficient and appropriate audit procedures have been conducted and evidence gathered to support the accuracy of the findings and conclusions in this report and to provide an audit level of assurance. The findings and conclusions are based on a comparison of the conditions as they existed at the time, against pre-established audit criteria. The findings and conclusions are applicable to the entity examined, and for the scope and time period covered by the audit.

Steven McRoberts
Chief Audit and Evaluation Executive

Introduction

Background

Human resources (HR) planning is the process of identifying current and future HR needs for an organization to achieve its goals. HR planning serves as a link between HR management and the overall strategic plan of an organization. At Statistics Canada, HR planning and staffing is a shared responsibility between program managers and the Human Resources Branch (HRB).

Program managers are directly accountable for staffing decisions, while HR advisors support program managers by identifying possible staffing strategies, taking into account established rules and regulations.

Over the last year, Statistics Canada has been implementing a new vision of a modernized workplace culture and approach to producing and collecting statistics, which has resulted in greater and faster access to statistical products for Canadians. HR is at the centre of modernization, since key skills and competencies will be critical to supporting this corporate vision.

Because Statistics Canada is in the early stages of this new direction, many HR processes are in a state of transition, including processes related to HR planning and governing HR management activities.

As a result, Statistics Canada is in a prime position to leverage opportunities to improve or enhance many of the existing governance structures, policies, and processes, while ensuring they are aligned with the goals of the modernization initiative.

Audit objective

The objective of the audit was to provide assurance to the Chief Statistician and Statistics Canada’s Departmental Audit Committee that

  • there is an HR planning framework in place that aligns with the organization’s current and future business needs.

Scope

The scope included an examination of Statistics Canada’s HR planning activities for coordinating and managing staffing activities, as well as a review of how well HR planning activities are supported by an appropriate governance structure that defines accountabilities and objectives aligned with broader corporate strategies and plans. The period covered by the audit was from April 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017.

Approach and methodology

The audit work included an examination of documents, testing, and interviews with the Human Resource Branch, Field Managers and a sample of divisions. The audit tested for compliance with relevant Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat (TBS) and Statistics Canada policies and guidelines (see Appendix A: Audit Criteria for details).

The audit was conducted in accordance with the Internal Auditing Standards for the Government of Canada, which include the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) International Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing.

Authority

The audit was conducted under the authority of the approved Statistics Canada Integrated Risk-based Audit and Evaluation Plan 2017/2018 to 2019/2020.

Findings, recommendations and management response

Governance, oversight and risk management for HR planning

Governance processes for HR planning are in place to provide direction and oversight. Committees and subcommittees are designed to address all areas of HR management and provide support to the modernization initiative.

Roles and responsibilities for HR planning are clearly defined and documented throughout the organization.

Key risks to meeting HR modernization objectives have been defined, and mitigation strategies have been identified in order to effectively manage these risks.

Governance processes provide oversight and direction for HR planning. They define the objectives for the planning process, the policies and procedures for carrying out the work, and the monitoring of the implementation. An effective risk management process over HR planning includes the identification of risks to the achievement of HR objectives and mitigation strategies.

Governance processes are well-defined and provide oversight and direction for HR planning

The overall direction for Statistics Canada's HR planning is provided by the Senior Management Review Board (SMRB) and the Corporate Planning Committee (CPC).

Membership of the SMRB include the Chief Statistician, assistant chief statisticians and directors general (DGs). The SMRB meets on a biannual basis to set the direction for the agency and define its long-term investment strategy. The CPC meets on a monthly basis and is responsible for overall corporate reporting, resourcing, people and investment.

The CPC previously reported to the Executive Management Board, but was realigned in September 2017 after changes to the Statistics Canada's governance structure. The EMB was restructured to ensure that decision making is made at the right level and that employees are empowered to make decisions to better support the modernization initiative. It was replaced with the following three committees: the Strategic Management Committee, the CPC and the Operations Committee. The membership of the CPC includes the Chief Statistician, the Chief of Staff, all Assistant Chief Statisticians, the Chief Audit and Evaluations Officer, and the DGs responsible for service areas.

The CPC is provided with HR information through the agency's Human Resources Committee (HRC). The HRC's role is to provide the CPC with advice and strategic direction on workforce and workplace measures regarding the acquisition, training, deployment, career development and retention of employees at Statistics Canada. In addition, the HRC serves as an oversight committee of the HR Talent Acquisition (Plan, Attract and Recruit), Talent Engagement and Workplace Wellness (Welcome, Engage and Enable) and Talent Development (Grow, Develop and Support) subcommittees.

Figure 1. Overview of Statistics Canada HR governance structure.

Overview of Statistics Canada HR governance structure
Description of Figure 1

The diagram is a visual representation of the overall human resource governance structure in place at Statistics Canada. There are a total of six boxes used to demonstrate the human resource governance structure. The structure is headed by the Corporate Planning Committee (box 1 - parent), below is a reporting line pointing downward to the Human Resources Committee (box 2 – child) and then further divided below into three sub-committees (from left to right): Talent Engagement and Wellness Subcommittee (box 3), Talent Development Subcommittee (box 4) and HR Talent Acquisition Subcommittee (box 4). Also, a dotted line (on right side of box 1) identifies the Senior Management Review Board (box 6).

The membership of the HR committees includes a cross-section of DGs, directors and assistant directors representing all fields in the organization, as well as members of the Statistics Canada’s Young Professionals Network, the Chiefs network and Employment Equity groups. Members are responsible for communicating issues to the committee and decisions back to their colleagues. These subcommittees were only recently established and have only begun to develop their Terms of References and propose HR work plans for the agency.

Interviews and reviews of committee meeting minutes revealed that this network of committees is responsible for setting HR strategic directions, identifying current and future HR needs and developing corporate strategies and priorities.

Roles and responsibilities of key stakeholders involved in HR planning are clearly defined and documented in various documents published by TBS and Statistics Canada. Job descriptions from the level of Assistant Chief Statistician down to the level of Chief specifically include the responsibility for developing long-term plans and allocating HR requirements to meet those plans.

Overall, the agency has defined governance structures to provide direction and oversight for HR planning. Processes are in place and roles and responsibilities are clearly defined.

It is important to note that many of these committees are relatively new and have only been recently realigned to support modernization efforts. Therefore, limited information has been shared or made available on whether strategic direction provided by senior management committees is being effectively operationalized and carried out. There will be opportunities for these committees to develop a strong monitoring function in order to review the success of the strategies to meet the modernization objectives. Monitoring is discussed further in the next section of the report.

Key risks to HR management have been defined and mitigation measures have been identified

Key risks to HR planning are identified through the agency's Corporate Risk Profile (CRP). The CRP identifies the DG Human Resources Branch (HRB) and the Human Resources Committee (HRC) as owners of the HR risks.

A review of documents was performed for the modernization vision as it relates to modern workforce and flexible workplace, which found the following outcome defined: Statistics Canada will have the talent and environment required to fulfill current business needs, and will remain open and nimble to adapt to future demands. This outcome is linked to HR risks identified in Statistics Canada's 2017–2018 Corporate Risk Profile (CRP), that is, ''the inability to recruit employees with the required skills and expertise.''

Mitigation Strategies have been identified for these HR risks. Strategies include using the Integrated Strategic Planning Process (ISPP) to ensure HR needs are aligned with financial resources, and using specific key competencies as developed for all levels of the Mathematics (MA), Economics and Social Science Services (EC) and Computer Systems (CS) groups.

Interviews with the HRB and a review of documents tabled during the ISPP indicate that these mitigation strategies are currently being implemented. THE HRB is providing the SMRB with key activities and status updates during the ISPP. Inventories of competencies for each group have been developed. Critical skill gaps across the organization have not yet been developed.

The audit team reviewed the 2018–2019 CRP process, which is currently underway. A review of the risks identified in each field indicates that HR risks are considered in the analysis. This includes risks of limited resources to address emerging data needs and the unavailability of certain skill sets.

These risks and their mitigation strategies are tied to the higher-level corporate risk of credibility and reputation, which states that because of the scope and complexity of the significant transformations under the modernization initiative, there is a risk that the objectives of the initiative and the heightened expectations of users will not be fully met, resulting in a loss of credibility and reputation.

Overall, there is a risk management process in progress that will help to identify HR risks related to achieving program objectives.

HR planning strategies and processes

HR planning processes are in place with many of the key components needed to develop an integrated HR and business plan.

Objectives and business goals have been defined and work has begun to develop an understanding of the environment and identify skill gaps. The Human Resource Branch works with programs and committees to identify and address short and long term needs in order to develop recruitment and staffing options.

Some HR strategies have been developed to meet new and emerging agency-wide critical skill sets but have not yet been finalized in an overarching consolidated plan. This is largely because the organization is transitioning to support the new modernization agenda. There are opportunities to improve the structured and integrated approach of the planning process by creating a plan and tools for obtaining more granular information in the future that will allow for more precise identification of HR needs in the modernization context.

Lastly, as the organization develops its long-term vision for HR planning, it should develop monitoring approaches with concrete targets to measure the success of this strategy.

The most recent TBS Integrated Planning Handbook for Deputy Ministers and Senior Managers identified a five-step approach for developing an integrated planning process: determining objectives and business goals, scanning the environment, conducting a gap analysis between current and future needs, setting HR priorities to achieve business goals, and measuring, monitoring and reporting on progress.

HR planning processes are in place to address short-term staffing needs. Processes and tools to identify, integrate and monitor long-term critical skill sets have not been fully developed.

Determining objectives and business goals

The ISPP is used to identify objectives and business goals for the agency, which establish a long-term investment outlook for financial, information technology (IT) and human resources. This process ensures that the decisions and directions of the organization are integrated and aligned with corporate strategic priorities, while also taking into consideration financial, IT, and, most importantly, HR requirements and capacities.

The overall objective of Statistics Canada's HR planning process has been identified as the acquisition and retention of a competent, motivated and flexible workforce that can meet the agency's changing needsFootnote 1. Interviews and the review of documents have confirmed that this objective has been communicated and is well-defined as part of the modernization initiative.

Scanning the environment and conducting a gap analysis

The environmental scan and gap analysis is done mainly through an agency-wide analysis that is prepared by the HRB and includes workforce and labour market assessments. The results of this analysis are reported in an HR dashboard, which is provided to divisions and tabled at senior management committees.

It was noted through interviews with program managers that this data may be too high-level for their purposes. As a result, many program managers opt to conduct their own analysis. Interviews with HRB indicated that it can conduct detailed analysis on the data to a level useful for field managers, but this has not been communicated to divisions.

To develop the agency-wide gap analysis, the HRB consults with Field Planning Boards on competencies and needs. This leads to the identification of recruitment processes and of needs for collective staffing processes.

In addition, the HRB is also involved in Monthly Financial Reviews in partnership with programs and financial officers. The financial officers lead managers in reviewing and updating budgets and short-term staffing requirements, while also tracking the financial impact of anticipatory staffing activities.

The HRB indicated, that while planning discussions take place with fields on current and future vacancies, that there were limited consultations with individual divisions around critical skill sets.

Additionally, interviews confirmed that there are no guidance documents or tools for conducting short and long-term HR planning. Direction on planning is being provided by senior management through governance committees and field planning boards.

In the absence of tools or guidance, only a few divisions included in the audit sample had reviewed and formally documented their long-term business needs. One of the fields developed long-term plans including a review of their business requirements. This is a practice that could be shared across the organization for an integrated and consistent approach.

The current planning process helps to identify divisional needs to fill vacancies at each classification level and the organization has a proactive approach to have pre-qualified pools of employees to meet their needs. However, given the new skill sets required to support modernization, this may no longer be sufficient to support long-term planning.

There are opportunities for the HRB to develop an integrated and structured approach to identifying long-term staffing needs in order to successfully identify, develop, recruit and retain the critical skill sets needed to reach long-term modernization objectives.

Setting HR priorities

Long-term HR planning activities are performed by the HRB. The HRB is responsible for developing the Integrated Business and Human Resource Plan (IBHRP). The IBHRP operationalizes the direction provided in the strategic planning processes and sets the HR priorities. The plan was last prepared in 2015, and covers the period from 2016 to 2018, and outlines key priorities in internal and external staffing, workforce development and improvements to HR services at Statistics Canada over a period of three years.

The IBHRP has yet to be updated to reflect Statistics Canada's current business requirements and, more specifically, modernization initiatives. Interviews with the HRB indicated that an updated and redesigned IBHRP will be developed in fiscal 2018/2019, and incorporate the latest strategies.

Measure, monitor and report on progress

The audit team reviewed the HR monitoring processes in place at both the corporate level and the divisional level to measure whether HR strategies are reaching the desired outcome.

Monitoring HR progress against the HR Strategy is mainly done through the Staffing Monitoring Plan (SMP), which was presented to and approved by the HRC (January 2017) and senior management (May 2017).

Review of the SMP revealed that there are measurable indicators for monitoring organizational staffing trends to ensure that staffing activities conducted by the HRB remain effective.

The data collected under the SMP are classified under three categories:

  1. Effectiveness of staffing enabling Statistics Canada’s transformation: measures in this category include the ability to attract talent from outside the organization, efficient pool management, quality of hires, staff mobility and critical skill sets.
  2. Effectiveness of the new direction in staffing: measures include the appropriate use of non-advertised appointments, the overall atmosphere of the HR system (staffing component), the implementation of lowered sub-delegation levels, access to selection processes and the overall health of Statistics Canada staffing system.
  3. Quality control—Compliance with the legislative framework: measures include the application of the Veterans Hiring Act and priority entitlements, staffing file compliance, appropriate use of non-imperative staffing and appropriate use of the Public Service Official Languages Exclusion Approval Order.

Other monitoring tools within divisions include HR dashboards and the organizational charts in the ORG PLUS database. These tools provide divisions with information to manage current staffing needs.

Overall, there are tools to measure and report staffing and short-term HR planning. However, the success of HR modernization strategies, such as a modern and flexible workplace and a renewed approach to recruitment, are not yet being measured and reported against. As the organization develops the IBHRP, consideration should be given to how it will measure, monitor and report the performance of HR strategies. This includes the development of concrete targets.

Recommendations

It is recommended that the Assistant Chief Statistician, Corporate Services and Chief Financial Officer ensure that:

  • there is an updated Integrated Business and Human Resources Plan with HR priorities, as identified through the Strategic Planning Process
  • the Human Resources Branch consults and communicates with divisions on HR needs and develops tools and guidance for the creation of short and long-term plans as part of the Integrated Business and Human Resources Plan
  • there is an approach to measure and report on the progress of achieving long-term HR modernization goals.

Management response

The organization has a solid and long-standing foundation of human resources planning. This approach has served the organization very well through the years and provides insights and tools to proactively manage the cyclical nature and complexity of its programs over time. The modernization journey in which the organization is embarking on and the new types of competencies and skill sets to meet these priorities have been at the center of our continuous improvement to be responsive to these needs in an even more integrated and strategic way. To this effect, a number of new strategies have been developed and are being implemented. The final step is now to consolidate these strategies into an overarching and Integrated Business and Human Resource plan for 2018-2019 and beyond.

Management agrees with the recommendations and will take the following actions:

In 2017/18, the HR Branch integrated planning into its priorities and activities in order to build a strong foundation to support departmental modernization needs and efforts. Over the past year, HRB:

  • Stabilized Director positions (EX-01/EX-02 process to staff 4 vacant positions)
  • Re-organized workload and capacity to address gaps and additional pressure points such as Phoenix
  • Established HRC sub-committees (TAC, TDC, TEWMC) to set the strategic direction, the identification of current and future needs, the confirmation of requirements, and the development of corporate strategies and priorities
  • Used an HR business analytics lens to establish a baseline of HR information in the areas of talent management needs, competency and skill requirements, potential partnerships with academic institutions, recruitment strategies etc.
  • Building an internal HR business partner model that matches a client (i.e. ACS) with one senior HR advisor who acts as the main contact for a wide-range of HR services and advice.

In 2018-19, HRB will build on the success achieved in 2017-18 by developing an updated Integrated Business and Human Resources Plan (IBHRP) that elaborates on:

  • Key HR priorities to support modernization
  • Evidence based and metric driven HR strategies
  • HR Governance
  • Measuring and reporting on results.

Within the IBHRP, HRB will develop a framework to ensure ongoing communication and consultation with divisions on HR needs to support HR planning and develop tools and guidance for divisions to support HR planning.

As an annex to the IBHRP, HRB will develop a measurement framework to measure and report on the progress in achieving long-term HR modernization goals.

Deliverables and Timelines:

The DG, HR will:

  • Draft the IBHRP and present it to HRC for feedback. The IBHRP will be submitted to SMC for final approval and published on ICN and communicated to all staff by June 30, 2018.
  • Draft the communication and consultation framework within the IBHRP by June 30, 2018.
  • Draft the measurement framework with reporting timelines as an annex of the IBHRP by June 30, 2018.
  • Implement the IBHRP framework and communicate to divisions about existing tools and develop new tools as required by March 31, 2019.

Appendices

Appendix A: Audit Criteria

Appendix A: Audit Criteria
Table summary
The table in Appendix A
Control objectives / Core controls / Criteria Sub-criteria Policy instruments / Sources
Objective: Ensure there is a human resource planning framework in place that aligns with the organization’s current and future business needs.
1.1 Governance structures, mechanisms and resources are in place at Statistics Canada to manage HR planning activities. 1.1.1 Governance and oversight bodies are established at the appropriate levels of the organization to ensure HR planning activities are aligned with corporate priorities. HR plans are based on a clear understanding of the organization’s HR risks and senior management risk tolerance.
1.1.2 Current policies, procedures and guidance provide clear direction to all stakeholders involved in the HR planning process.
1.1.3 Roles and responsibilities of key stakeholders in the HR planning process are clearly defined, documented, communicated and understood.
Relevant Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat (TBS) legislative and regulatory requirements and Statistics Canada policies and procedures, such as
  • Values and Ethics Code for the Public Service (TBS)
  • Policy Framework for People Management (TBS)
  • Integrated Planning Handbook for Deputy Ministers and Senior Managers (TBS, 2008)
  • Strategic Human Resource Planning (HR Council)
  • Management Accountability Framework (TBS)
1.2 HR planning is aligned with strategic and business planning. 1.2.1 Current and future resource requirements at the division and branch levels are identified in the HR planning process and a gap analysis against existing competencies and capacities is performed.
1.2.2 HR planning strategies are developed based on the results of the gap analysis and a corporate document is produced.
1.3 Management monitors and assesses the effectiveness of the HR planning on a regular, scheduled basis. 1.3.1 The HR planning strategy is actively monitored to produce regular and timely reports to support effective HR planning and is communicated to senior management and other key decision makers.

Appendix B: Initialisms

CPC
Corporate Planning Committee
CS
Computer Systems
CRP
Corporate Risk Profile
CSP
Corporate Staffing Plan
HR
Human Resources
EC
Economics and Social Science Services
EMB
Executive Management Board
FPB
Field Planning Board
HRB
Human Resources Branch
HRC
Human Resources Committee
IBHRP
Integrated Business and Human Resource Plan
ISPP
Integrated Strategic Planning Process
IT
Information Technology
MA
Mathematics
MFR
Monthly Financial Reviews
TBS
Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat
SMP
Staffing Monitoring Plan

Integrated Business Statistics Program (IBSP)

Reporting Guide

This guide is designed to assist you as you complete the 2017 Annual Survey of Research and Development in Canadian Industry. If you need more information, please call the Statistics Canada Help Line at the number below.

Help Line: 1-800-972-9692

Your answers are confidential.

Statistics Canada is prohibited by law from releasing any information it collects which could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent or as permitted by the Statistics Act.

Statistics Canada will use information from this survey for statistical purposes.

Note:

  1. If this business performs in-house research and development (R&D) and outsources R&D, complete all questions.
  2. If this business performs in-house (R&D) and does not outsource R&D, complete questions 1-5, 8-19.
  3. If this business outsources (R&D) and does not perform in-house R&D, complete questions 1-3, 5-7, 12, 16-19.
  4. If this business does not perform in-house (R&D) and does not outsource R&D, complete questions 1-3, 5, 12, 16, 17 & 19.

Difference between Scientific Research and Experimental Development (SR&ED) tax incentive program and this survey

Include the following in this survey:

  • capital R&D expenditures
  • R&D expenditures in the social sciences and humanities
  • payments for R&D performed by other organizations outside Canada.

For this survey

'In-house R&D' refers to

Expenditures within Canada for R&D performed within this business by:

  • employees (permanent, temporary or casual)
  • self-employed individuals or contractors who are working on-site on this business's R&D projects.

'Outsourced R&D' refers to

Payments made within or outside Canada to other organizations, companies or individuals to fund R&D performance:

  • grants
  • fellowships
  • contracts.

Reporting period information

Here are some examples of common fiscal periods that fall within the targeted dates:

  • May 1, 2016 to April 30, 2017
  • July 1, 2016 to June 30, 2017
  • August 1, 2016 to July 31, 2017
  • October 1, 2016 to September 30, 2017
  • December 1, 2016 to November 30, 2017
  • January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017
  • February 1, 2017 to January 31, 2018
  • March 1, 2017 to February 28, 2018
  • April 1, 2017 to March 31, 2018

Here are other examples of fiscal periods that fall within the required dates:

  • September 18, 2016 to September 15, 2017 (e.g., floating year-end)
  • June 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017 (e.g., a newly opened business)

Definitions and Concepts

Research and experimental development (R&D) comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge – including knowledge of humankind, culture and society – and to devise new applications of available knowledge.

R&D is performed in the natural sciences, engineering, social sciences and humanities. There are three types of R&D activities: basic research, applied research and experimental development.

Activities included and excluded from R&D

Inclusions

Prototypes

Include design, construction and operation of prototypes, provided that the primary objective is to make further improvements or to undertake technical testing. Exclude if the prototype is for commercial purposes.

Pilot plants

Include construction and operation of pilot plants, provided that the primary objective is to make further improvements or to undertake technical testing. Exclude if the pilot plant is intended to be operated for commercial purposes.

New computer software or significant improvements/modifications to existing computer software

Includes technological or scientific advances in theoretical computer sciences; operating systems e.g., improvement in interface management, developing new operating system or converting an existing operating system to a significantly different hardware environment, programming languages, and applications if a significant technological change occurs.

Contracts

Include all contracts which require R&D. For contracts which include other work, report only the R&D costs.

Research work in the social sciences

Include if projects are employing new or significantly different modelling techniques or developing new formulae, analyzing data not previously available or applying new research techniques, development of community strategies for disease prevention, or health education.

Exclude:

  • routine analytical projects using standard techniques and existing data
  • routine market research
  • routine statistical analysis intended for on-going monitoring of an activity.

Exclusions

Routine analysis in the social sciences including policy-related studies, management studies and efficiency studies

Exclude analytical projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies, principles and models of the related social sciences to bear on a particular problem (e.g., commentary on the probable economic effects of a change in the tax structure, using existing economic data; use of standard techniques in applied psychology to select and classify industrial and military personnel, students, etc., and to test children with reading or other disabilities).

Consumer surveys, advertising, market research

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for commercialization of the results of R&D.

Routine quality control and testing

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies not intended to create new knowledge, even if carried out by personnel normally engaged in R&D.

Pre-production activities such as demonstration of commercial viability, tooling up, trial production, and trouble shooting

Although R&D may be required as a result of these steps, these activities are excluded.

Prospecting, exploratory drilling, development of mines, oil or gas wells

Include only if for R&D projects concerned with new equipment or techniques in these activities, such as in-situ and tertiary recovery research.

Engineering

Exclude engineering unless it is in direct support of R&D.

Design and drawing

Exclude design and drawing unless it is in direct support of R&D.

Patent and license work

Exclude all administrative and legal work connected with patents and licenses.

Cosmetic modifications or style changes to existing products

Exclude if no significant technical improvement or modification to the existing products has occurred.

General purpose or routine data collection

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for on-going monitoring of an activity.

Routine computer programming, systems maintenance or software application

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended to support on-going operations.

Routine mathematical or statistical analysis or operations analysis

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for on-going monitoring of an activity.

Activities associated with standards compliance

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended to support standards compliance.

Specialized routine medical care such as routine pathology services

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for on-going monitoring of an activity.

In-house R&D expenditures within Canada (Q4 - Q7)

In-house R&D expenditures are composed of current in-house R&D expenditures and capital in-house R&D expenditures.

Current in-house R&D expenditures

Include:

  • wages, salaries, benefits and fringe benefits, materials and supplies
  • services to support R&D, including on-site R&D consultants and contactors
  • necessary background literature
  • minor scientific equipment
  • associated administrative overhead costs.

a. Wages, salaries of permanent, temporary and casual R&D employees

Include benefits and fringe benefits of employees engaged in R&D activities. Benefits and fringe benefits include bonus payments, holiday or vacation pay, pension fund contributions, other social security payments, payroll taxes, etc.

b. Services to support R&D

Include:

  • payments to on-site R&D consultants and contractors working under the direct control of your business
  • other services including indirect services purchased to support in-house R&D such as security, storage, repair, maintenance and use of buildings and equipment
  • computer services, software licensing fees and dissemination of R&D findings.

c. R&D materials

Include:

  • water, fuel, gas and electricity
  • materials for creation of prototypes
  • reference materials (books, journals, etc.)
  • subscriptions to libraries and data bases, memberships to scientific societies, etc.
  • cost of outsourced (contracted out or granted) small R&D prototypes or R&D models
  • materials for laboratories (chemicals, animals, etc.)
  • all other R&D-related materials.

d. All other current R&D costs including overhead

Include administrative and overhead costs (e.g., office, post and telecommunications, internet, insurance), prorated if necessary to allow for non-R&D activities within the business.

Exclude:

  • interest charges
  • value-added taxes (goods and services tax (GST) or harmonized sales tax (HST)).

Capital in-house R&D expenditures

Capital in-house R&D expenditures are the annual gross amount paid for the acquisition of fixed assets that are used repeatedly, or continuously in the performance of R&D for more than one year. Report capital in-house R&D expenditures in full for the period when they occurred.

Include costs for software, land, buildings and structures, equipment, machinery and other capital costs.

Exclude capital depreciation.

e. Software

Include applications and systems software (original, customized and off-the-shelf software), supporting documentation and other software-related acquisitions.

f. Land acquired for R&D including testing grounds, sites for laboratories and pilot plants.

g. Buildings and structures that are constructed or purchased for R&D activities or that have undergone major improvements, modifications, renovations and repairs for R&D activities.

h. Equipment, machinery and all other capital

Include major equipment, machinery and instruments, including embedded software, acquired for R&D activities.

Outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures (Q8 - Q11)

Include payments made through contracts, grants donations and fellowships to another company, organization or individual to purchase or fund R&D activities.

Exclude expenditures for on-site R&D contractors.

  1. Parent and subsidiary companies are companies connected to each other through majority ownership of the subsidiary company by the parent company. Affiliated companies are companies connected to a parent through minority ownership of the affiliated companies by the parent.
  2. Companies include all incorporated for-profit businesses and government business enterprises providing products in the market at market rates.
  3. Private non-profit organizations include voluntary health organizations, private philanthropic foundations, associations and societies and research institutes. They are not-for-profit organizations that serve the public interest by supporting activities related to public welfare (such as health, education, the environment).
  4. Industrial research institutes or associations include all non-profit organizations that serve the business sector, with industrial associations frequently consisting of their membership.
  5. Federal government includes all federal government departments and agencies. It excludes federal government business enterprises providing products in the market.
  6. Provincial or territorial governments include all provincial or territorial government ministries, departments and agencies. It excludes provincial or territorial government business enterprises providing products in the market.
  7. Provincial or territorial research organizations are organizations created under provincial or territorial law which conduct or facilitate research on behalf of the province or territory.
  8. Other organizations – individuals, non-university educational institutions, foreign governments including ministries, departments and agencies of foreign governments.

Sources of funds for in-house R&D expenditures in 2017 (Q16)

Include Canadian and foreign sources.

Exclude:

  • payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 9
  • capital depreciation.
a. Funds from this business
Amount contributed by this business to R&D performed within Canada (include amounts eligible for income tax purposes, e.g., Scientific Research and Experimental Development (SR&ED) program, other amounts spent for projects not claimed through SR&ED, and funds for land, buildings, machinery and equipment (capital expenditures) purchased for R&D).
b. Funds from parent, affiliated and subsidiary companies
Amount received from parent, affiliated and subsidiary companies used to perform R&D within Canada (include amounts eligible for income tax purposes, e.g., Scientific Research and Experimental Development (SR&ED) program, other amounts spent for projects not claimed through SR&ED, and funds for land, buildings, machinery and equipment (capital expenditures) purchased for R&D).
c. Federal government grants or funding
Funds received from the federal government in support of R&D activities not connected to a specific contractual deliverable.
d. Federal government contracts
Funds received from the federal government in support of R&D activities connected to a specific contractual deliverable.
e. R&D contract work for other companies
Funds received from other companies to perform R&D on their behalf.
f. Provincial or territorial government grants or funding
Funds received from the provincial or territorial government in support of R&D activities not connected to a specific contractual deliverable.
g. Provincial or territorial government contracts
Funds received from the provincial or territorial government in support of R&D activities connected to a specific contractual deliverable.
h. R&D contract work for private non-profit organizations
Funds received from non-profit organizations to perform R&D on their behalf.
i. Other sources
Funds received from all other sources not previously classified.

In-house R&D expenditures by fields of research and development in 2017 (Q18)

Exclude:

  • payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 9
  • capital depreciation.

Natural and formal sciences

Mathematics, physical sciences, chemical sciences, earth and related environmental sciences, biological sciences, other natural sciences.

Exclude computer sciences, information sciences and bioinformatics (to be reported at lines s and t).

  1. Mathematics: pure mathematics, applied mathematics, statistics and probability.
  2. Physical sciences: atomic, molecular and chemical physics, interaction with radiation, magnetic resonances, condensed matter physics, solid state physics and superconductivity, particles and fields physics, nuclear physics, fluids and plasma physics (including surface physics), optics (including laser optics and quantum optics), acoustics, astronomy (including astrophysics, space science).
  3. Chemical sciences: organic chemistry, inorganic and nuclear chemistry, physical chemistry, polymer science and plastics, electrochemistry (dry cells, batteries, fuel cells, metal corrosion, electrolysis), colloid chemistry, analytical chemistry.
  4. Earth and related environmental sciences: geosciences, geophysics, mineralogy and palaeontology, geochemistry and geophysics, physical geography, geology and volcanology, environmental sciences, meteorology, atmospheric sciences and climatic research, oceanography, hydrology and water resources.
  5. Biological sciences: cell biology, microbiology and virology, biochemistry, molecular biology and biochemical research, mycology, biophysics, genetics and heredity (medical genetics under medical biotechnology), reproductive biology (medical aspects under medical biotechnology), developmental biology, plant sciences and botany, zoology, ornithology, entomology and behavioural sciences biology, marine biology, freshwater biology and limnology, ecology and biodiversity conservation, biology (theoretical, thermal, cryobiology, biological rhythm), evolutionary biology.
  6. Other natural sciences: other natural sciences.

Engineering and Technology

Civil engineering, electrical engineering, electronic engineering and communications technology, mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, materials engineering, medical engineering, environmental engineering, environmental biotechnology, industrial biotechnology, nanotechnology, other engineering and technologies.

Exclude software engineering and technology (to be reported at line r).

  1. Civil engineering: civil engineering, architecture engineering, municipal and structural engineering, transport engineering.
  2. Electrical engineering, electronic engineering and communications technology: electrical and electronic engineering, robotics and automatic control, micro-electronics, semiconductors, automation and control systems, communication engineering and systems, telecommunications, computer hardware and architecture.
  3. Mechanical engineering: mechanical engineering, applied mechanics, thermodynamics, aerospace engineering, nuclear-related engineering (nuclear physics under Physical sciences), acoustical engineering, reliability analysis and non-destructive testing, automotive and transportation engineering and manufacturing, tooling, machinery and equipment engineering and manufacturing, heating, ventilation and air conditioning engineering and manufacturing.
  4. Chemical engineering: chemical engineering (plants, products), chemical process engineering.
  5. Materials engineering: materials engineering and metallurgy, ceramics, coating and films (including packaging and printing), plastics, rubber and composites (including laminates and reinforced plastics), paper and wood and textiles, construction materials (organic and inorganic).
  6. Medical engineering: medical and biomedical engineering, medical laboratory technology (excluding biomaterials, which should be reported under Industrial biotechnology).
  7. Environmental engineering: environmental and geological engineering, petroleum engineering (fuel, oils), energy and fuels, remote sensing, mining and mineral processing, marine engineering, sea vessels and ocean engineering.
  8. Environmental biotechnology: environmental biotechnology, bioremediation, diagnostic biotechnologies in environmental management (DNA chips and bio-sensing devices).
  9. Industrial biotechnology: industrial biotechnology, bioprocessing technologies, biocatalysis and fermentation bioproducts (products that are manufactured using biological material as feedstock), biomaterials (bioplastics, biofuels, bioderived bulk and fine chemicals, bio-derived materials).
  10. Nanotechnology: nano-materials (production and properties), nano-processes (applications on nano-scale).
  11. Other engineering and technologies: food and beverages, oenology, other engineering and technologies.

Software-related sciences and technology

Software engineering and technology, computer sciences, information technology and bioinformatics.

  1. Software engineering and technology: computer software engineering, computer software technology, and other related computer software engineering and technologies.
  2. Computer sciences: computer science, artificial intelligence, cryptography, and other related computer sciences.
  3. Information technology and bioinformatics: information technology, informatics, bioinformatics, biomathematics, and other related information technologies.

Medical and health sciences

Basic medicine, clinical medicine, health sciences, medical biotechnology, other medical sciences.

  1. Basic medicine: anatomy and morphology (plant science under Biological science), human genetics, immunology, neurosciences, pharmacology and pharmacy and medicinal chemistry, toxicology, physiology and cytology, pathology.
  2. Clinical medicine: andrology, obstetrics and gynaecology, paediatrics, cardiac and cardiovascular systems, haematology, anaesthesiology, orthopaedics, radiology and nuclear medicine, dentistry, oral surgery and medicine, dermatology, venereal diseases and allergy, rheumatology, endocrinology and metabolism and gastroenterology, urology and nephrology, and oncology.
  3. Health sciences: health care sciences and nursing, nutrition and dietetics, parasitology, infectious diseases and epidemiology, occupational health.
  4. Medical biotechnology: health-related biotechnology, technologies involving the manipulation of cells, tissues, organs or the whole organism, technologies involving identifying the functioning of DNA, proteins and enzymes, pharmacogenomics, gene-based therapeutics, biomaterials (related to medical implants, devices, sensors).
  5. Other medical sciences: forensic science, other medical sciences.

Agricultural Sciences

Agriculture, forestry and fisheries sciences, animal and dairy sciences, veterinary sciences, agricultural biotechnology, other agricultural sciences.

  1. Agriculture, forestry and fisheries sciences: agriculture, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, soil science, horticulture, viticulture, agronomy, plant breeding and plant protection.
  2. Animal and dairy sciences: animal and dairy science, animal husbandry.
  3. Veterinary sciences: veterinary science (all).
  4. Agricultural biotechnology: agricultural biotechnology and food biotechnology, genetically modified (GM) organism technology and livestock cloning, diagnostics (DNA chips and biosensing devices), biomass feedstock production technologies and biopharming.
  5. Other agricultural sciences: other agricultural sciences.

Social sciences and humanities

Psychology, educational sciences, economics and business, other social sciences, humanities.

  1. Psychology: cognitive psychology and psycholinguistics, experimental psychology, psychometrics and quantitative psychology, and other fields of psychology.
  2. Educational sciences: education, training and other related educational sciences.
  3. Economics and business: micro-economics, macro-economics, econometrics, labour economics, financial economics, business economics, entrepreneurial and business administration, management and operations, management sciences, finance and all other related fields of economics and business
  4. Other social sciences: anthropology (social and cultural) and ethnology, demography, geography (human, economic and social), planning (town, city and country), management, organization and methods (excluding market research unless new methods/techniques are developed), law, linguistics, political sciences, sociology, miscellaneous social sciences and interdisciplinary, and methodological and historical science and technology activities relating to subjects in this group.
  5. Humanities: history (history, prehistory and history, together with auxiliary historical disciplines such as archaeology, numismatics, palaeography, genealogy, etc.), languages and literature (ancient and modern), other humanities (philosophy (including the history of science and technology)), arts (history of art, art criticism, painting, sculpture, musicology, dramatic art excluding artistic "research" of any kind), religion, theology, other fields and subjects pertaining to the humanities, and methodological, historical and other science and technology activities relating to the subjects in this group.

In-house R&D personnel in 2017 (Q70 - Q72)

R&D personnel

Include:

  • permanent, temporary and casual R&D employees
  • independent on-site R&D consultants and contractors working in your business's offices, laboratories, or other facilities
  • employees engaged in R&D-related support activities.

Researchers and research managers are composed of:

  1. Scientists, social scientists, engineers and researchers are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge. They conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models, techniques instrumentation, software or operational methods. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.
  2. Senior research managers plan or manage R&D projects and programs. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.

R&D technical, administrative and support staff are composed of:

  1. Technicians and technologists and research assistants are persons whose main tasks require technical knowledge and experience in one or more fields of engineering, the physical and life sciences, or the social sciences, humanities and the arts. They participate in R&D by performing scientific and technical tasks involving the application of concepts, operational methods and the use of research equipment, normally under the supervision of researchers. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.
  2. Other R&D technical, administrative support staff include skilled and unskilled craftsmen, and administrative, secretarial and clerical staff participating in R&D projects or directly associated with such projects.

On-site R&D consultants and contractors are individuals hired 1) to perform project-based work or to provide goods at a fixed or ascertained price or within a certain time or 2) to provide advice or services in a specialized field for a fee and, in both cases, work at the location specified and controlled by the contracting company or organization.

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

R&D may be carried out by persons who work solely on R&D projects or by persons who devote only part of their time to R&D, and the balance to other activities such as testing, quality control and production engineering. To arrive at the total effort devoted to R&D in terms of personnel, it is necessary to estimate the full-time equivalent of these persons working only part-time in R&D.

FTE (full-time equivalent): Number of persons who work solely on R&D projects + the time of persons working only part of their time on R&D.

Example calculation: If out of four scientists engaged in R&D work, one works solely on R&D projects and the remaining three devote only one quarter of their working time to R&D, then: FTE = 1 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 = 1.75 scientists.

Technology and technical assistant payments in 2017 (Q73 - Q75)

Definitions (equivalent to the Canadian Intellectual Property Office)

a. Patent
Government grant giving the right to exclude others from making, using or selling an invention.
b. Copyright
Legal protection for literary, artistic, dramatic or musical works, computer programs, performer's performances, sound recordings, and communication signals.
c. Trademark
A word, symbol or design, or combination of these, used to distinguish goods or services of one person or organization from those of others in the marketplace.
d. Industrial design
Legal protection against imitation of the shape, pattern, or ornamentation of an object.
e. Integrated circuit topography
Three-dimensional configurations of the elements and interconnections embodied in an integrated circuit product.
f. Original software
Computer programs and descriptive materials for both systems and applications. Original software can be created in-house or outsourced and includes packaged software with customization.
g. Packaged or off-the-shelf software
Packaged software purchased for organizational use and excludes software with customization.
h. Databases
Data files organized to permit effective access and use of the data.
i. Other
Technical assistance, industrial processes and know-how.

Energy-related R&D by area of technology (Q22 - Q69)

Fossil Fuels

Crude oils and natural gas exploration, crude oils and natural gas production, oil sands and heavy crude oils surface and sub-surface production and separation of the bitumen, tailings management, refining, processing and upgrading, coal production, separation and processing, transportation of fossil fuels.

a. Crude oils and natural gas exploration
Include development of advanced exploration methods (geophysical, geochemical, seismic, magnetic) for on-shore and off-shore prospecting.
b. Crude oil and natural gas production and storage, include enhanced recovery natural gas production
Include on-shore and off-shore deep drilling equipment and techniques for conventional oil and gas, secondary and tertiary recovery of oil and gas, hydro fracturing techniques, processing and cleaning of raw product, storage on remote platforms (e.g., Arctic, off-shore), safety aspects of offshore platforms.
c. Oil sands and heavy crude oils surface and sub-surface production and separation of the bitumen, tailings management
Include surface and in-situ production (e.g., SAGD), tailings management.
d. Refining, processing and upgrading of fossil fuels
Include processing of natural gas to pipeline specifications, and refining of conventional crude oils to refined petroleum products (RPPs), and the upgrading of bitumen and heavy oils either to synthetic crude oil or to RPPs. Upgrading may be done at an oil sands plant, regional merchant upgraders or integrated into a refinery producing RPPs.
e. Coal production, separation and processing
Include coal, lignite and peat exploration, deposit evaluation techniques, mining techniques, separation techniques, coking and blending, other processing such as coal to liquids, underground (in-situ) gasification.
f. Transportation of fossil fuels
Include transport of gaseous, liquid and solid hydrocarbons via pipelines (land and submarine) and their network evaluation, safety aspects of LNG transport and storage.

Renewable energy resources

Solar photovoltaics (PV), solar thermal-power and high-temperature applications, solar heating and cooling, wind energy, bio-energy – biomass production, bio-energy – biomass conversion to fuels, bio-energy – biomass conversion to heat and electricity, other bio-energy, small hydro (less than 10 MW), large hydro (greater than or equal to 10 MW), other renewable energy.

a. Solar photovoltaics (PV)
Include solar cell development, PV-module development, PV-inverter development, building-integrated PV-modules, PV-system development, other.
b. Solar thermal-power and high-temperature applications
Include solar chemistry, concentrating collector development, solar thermal power plants, high-temperature applications for heat and power.
c. Solar heating and cooling
Include daylighting, passive and active solar heating and cooling, collector development, hot water preparation, combined-space heating, solar architecture, solar drying, solar-assisted ventilation, swimming pool heating, low-temperature process heating, other.
d. Wind energy
Include technology development, such as blades, turbines, converters structures, system integration, other.
e. Bio-energy – Biomass production and transport
Include improvement of energy crops, research on bio-energy production potential and associated land-use effects, supply and transport of bio-solids, bio-liquids, biogas and bio-derived energy products (e.g., ethanol, biodiesel), compacting and baling, other.
f. Bio-energy – Biomass conversion to transportation fuel
Include conventional bio-fuels, cellulosic-derived alcohols, biomass gas-to-liquids, other energy-related products and by-products.
g. Bio-energy – Biomass conversion to heat and electricity
Include bio-based heat, electricity and combined heat and power (CHP), exclude multi-firing with fossil fuels.
h. Other bio-energy
Include recycling and the use of municipal, industrial and agricultural waste as energy not covered elsewhere.
i. Small hydro – (less than 10 MW)
Include plants with capacity below 10 MW.
j. Large hydro – (greater than or equal to 10 MW)
Include plants with capacity of 10 MW and above.
k. Other renewable energy
Include hot dry rock, hydro-thermal, geothermal heat applications (including agriculture), tidal power, wave energy, ocean current power, ocean thermal power, other.

Nuclear fission and fusion

Materials exploration, mining and preparation, tailings management, nuclear reactors, other fission, fusion.

a. Nuclear materials exploration, mining and preparation, tailings management
Include development of advanced exploration methods (geophysical, geochemical) for prospecting, ore surface and in-situ production, uranium and thorium extraction and conversion, enrichment, handling of tailings and remediation.
b. Nuclear reactors
Include nuclear reactors of all types and related system components.
c. Other fission
Include nuclear safety, environmental protection (emission reduction or avoidance), radiation protection and decommissioning of power plants and related nuclear fuel cycle installations, nuclear waste treatment, disposal and storage, fissile material recycling, fissile materials control, transport of radioactive materials.
d. Fusion
Include all types (e.g., magnetic confinement, laser applications).

Electric Power

Generation in utility sector, combined heat and power in industry and in buildings, electricity transmission, distribution and storage of electricity.

a. Electric power generation in utility sector
Include conventional and non-conventional technology (e.g., pulverised coal, fluidised bed, gasification-combined cycle, supercritical), re-powering, retrofitting, life extensions and upgrading of power plants, generators and components, super-conductivity, magneto hydrodynamic, dry cooling towers, co-firing (e.g., with biomass), air and thermal pollution reduction or avoidance, flue gas cleanup (excluding CO2 removal), CHP (combined heat and power) not covered elsewhere.
b. Electric power - combined heat and power in industry, buildings
Include industrial applications, small scale applications for buildings.
c. Electricity transmission, distribution and storage
Include solid state power electronics, load management and control systems, network problems, super-conducting cables, AC and DC high voltage cables, HVDC transmission, other transmission and distribution related to integrating distributed and intermittent generating sources into networks, all storage (e.g., batteries, hydro reservoirs, fly wheels), other.

Hydrogen and fuel cells

Hydrogen production for process applications, hydrogen production for transportation applications, hydrogen transport and storage, other hydrogen, fuel cells, both stationary and mobile.

a. Hydrogen production for process applications
b. Hydrogen production for transportation applications
c. Hydrogen transport and storage
d. Other hydrogen
Include end uses (e.g., combustion), other infrastructure and systems R&D (refuelling stations).
e. Stationary fuel cells
Include electricity generation, other stationary end-use.
f. Mobile fuel cells
Include portable applications.

Energy efficiency

Industry, residential and commercial, transportation, other energy efficiency.

a. Energy efficiency applications for industry
Include reduction of energy consumption through improved use of energy and/or reduction or avoidance of air and other emissions related to the use of energy in industrial systems and processes (excluding bio-energy-related) through the development of new techniques, new processes and new equipment, other.
b. Energy efficiency for residential, institutional and commercial sectors
Include space heating and cooling, ventilation and lighting control systems other than solar technologies, low energy housing design and performance other than solar technologies, new insulation and building materials, thermal performance of buildings, domestic appliances, other.
c. Energy efficiency for transportation
Includes analysis and optimisation of energy consumption in the transport sector, efficiency improvements in light-duty vehicles, heavy-duty vehicles, non-road vehicles, public transport systems, engine-fuel optimisation, use of alternative fuels (liquid and gaseous, other than hydrogen), fuel additives, diesel engines, Stirling motors, electric cars, hybrid cars, air emission reduction, other.
d. Other energy efficiency
Include waste heat utilisation (heat maps, process integration, total energy systems, low temperature thermodynamic cycles), district heating, heat pump development, reduction of energy consumption in the agricultural sector.

Other energy-related technologies

Carbon capture, transportation and storage for fossil fuel production and processing, electric power generation, industry in end-use sector, energy systems analysis, all other energy-related technologies.

a. Carbon capture, transport and storage related to fossil fuel production and processing
b. Carbon capture, transport and storage related to electric power production
c. Carbon capture, transport and storage related to industry in end-use sector
Include industry in the end-use sector, such as steel production, manufacturing, etc. (exclude fossil fuel production and processing and electric power production).
d. Energy system analysis
Include system analysis related to energy R&D not covered elsewhere, sociological, economical and environmental impact of energy which are not specifically related to one technology area listed in the sections above.
e. All other energy technologies
Include energy technology information dissemination, studies not related to a specific technology area listed above.

Privacy and confidentiality of personal information

How does Statistics Canada obtain your personal information?

  1. From survey responses
    Statistics Canada conducts hundreds of household surveys each year on a variety of topics such as health and education
  2. From other organizations that collected your personal information for their own purposes
    If another entity has already collected the same information that Statistics Canada needs to produce statistics, our legislation allows us to ask the entity to provide us with your information (which saves you time by not asking the same questions again). Statistics Canada is obligated to protect your information in the same manner as the entity that originally collected your information. The information collected may include your tax records or the address information on your driver's licence. More information on Administrative data.
  3. Client information
    When you purchase a product from Statistics Canada, we collect certain personal information and inform you about the collection, use and retention of your information. When you visit Statistics Canada's website, we may collect some information using persistent cookies or web analytics. We do not sell, distribute or transfer your information to anyone without your consent, unless required by law.

What does Statistics Canada do with your personal information?

  • In short, we create statistics to fulfill our mandate
    This involves using the information from a large group of Canadians to generate statistics that give us a better picture of the lives of Canadians, while respecting the privacy of individuals. View our data for results from our statistical programs.
  • We use it to its full potential
    Whether Statistics Canada received your information directly from you or through a third party such as another government entity, we use it to its full potential. We avoid having to ask the same question more than once so that we can produce relevant, timely and accurate statistics. Linking Canadians' information from different files enables Statistics Canada to produce more statistics and research, which are in turn used by decision makers. We will only link personal information when its value to the public good outweighs the intrusion of privacy. For example, we can take the answers you gave on a survey and link them to your tax record. The objective is to draw conclusions based on a large sample of the population. More information on all Approved microdata linkages.
  • We protect it
    Statistics Canada has strict rules to safeguard all its data holdings, and these rules adhere to or exceed the requirements of the Statistics Act, the Privacy Act and relevant federal policies and directives. We have put in place information technology (IT) systems that protect your information from cyber attacks, and only approved individuals can enter Statistics Canada premises.
    All employees have taken an oath to protect your information and have received mandatory confidentiality training. The oath is valid even after their employment has ended and is accompanied by penalties that include fines and imprisonment.
    Statistics Canada removes direct identifiers from survey data files once the identifiers are no longer needed for analysis. However, it may still be possible to link a respondent's information through the Social Data Record Linkage Environment (SDLE). More information on Statistics Canada's Privacy Impact Assessment for the SDLE.
  • We ensure, through the conduct of privacy impact assessments, that the privacy of your information is managed
    The Treasury Board Secretariat's Guidelines on Privacy Impact Assessments (PIAs) require federal organizations to conduct PIAs to assess the potential impact of Statistics Canada projects on the privacy of individuals when the personal information is used for administrative or regulatory purposes. Statistics Canada only uses personal information for statistical purposes and, as such, is not required to conduct PIAs. Regardless, we choose to demonstrate to Canadians our commitment to personal information protection by conducting PIAs to assess our impact on individual privacy. More information on our Privacy impact assessment.
  • We never use it for administrative or regulatory purposes
    Statistics Canada's role is to produce statistics, not to take make decisions about Canadians. In addition to never using your personal information for administrative or regulatory purposes, we do not give it to other organizations that would use it for those purposes. For example, Statistics Canada does not share your personal information with the Canada Revenue Agency, as one of their roles is to determine if you have declared the correct amount of revenue. We also systematically refuse to give your information to law enforcement entities such as the police

Who has access to your personal information?

  • Selected Statistics Canada employees
    Although all employees take an oath of secrecy, access to confidential information is only allowed if it is required for the employees to perform their duties. Access to your direct identifiers, such as your name, is restricted to an even smaller group of employees and only for a short period of time for the purposes of analysis, after which the direct identifiers are removed immediately.
  • Other organizations
    Statistics Canada shares the personal information that you have given us with other organizations that also need it for statistical purposes, but only with your consent. In such cases, we seek assurances that your information will be protected in accordance with specific terms and conditions. In some instances, your personal information might be provided to Statistics Canada by another organization. In that case, that organization is responsible for ensuring that it is allowed to authorize the subsequent disclosure of your personal information.
  • Researchers
    Selected researchers may have access to your personal information to conduct statistical work if their research has been approved by Statistics Canada and if they have taken the oath of secrecy (which all Statistics Canada employees must take). Researchers and deemed employees access confidential information in a secure environment under the supervision of a Statistics Canada employee.

What happens if there is a breach?

  • A privacy breach is the loss of, unauthorized access to, or disclosure of personal information. This can occur as a result of the theft or loss of information or data storage equipment, or the improper or unauthorized collection, use, disclosure, access, storage or disposal of information, including misdirected correspondence.

    Statistics Canada has developed a breach protocol that outlines the steps to be taken in the event of a suspected breach. This protocol is based on the Treasury Board Secretariat's Directive on Privacy Practices and Guidelines for Privacy Breaches. When a breach is suspected, Statistics Canada takes immediate action by investigating and reporting the breach, and taking remedial action to mitigate the impact on individuals whose information may have been breached. In case of a material breach, meaning a breach involving sensitive personal information that could reasonably be expected to cause serious injury or harm to the individual, we must inform individuals whose personal information was breached, as well as inform the Office of the Privacy Commissioner and the Treasury Board Secretariat.

How do I access my personal information?

Under the Privacy Act, you have the right to request a copy of the personal information that Statistics Canada has about you. To request a copy of your personal information, please specify the survey in which you participated or the record that would have been provided to Statistics Canada by another organization.

You can make a request by contacting the Access to Information and Privacy (ATIP) coordinator.

Please note that to protect an individual's privacy as much as possible, Statistics Canada generally removes direct identifiers including names from files. In such cases, we may be unable to provide you with your information.

Requests for information regarding credit data

In 2018, Statistics Canada acquired credit data under the authority of the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada's access and use of these data is for statistical purposes only and has no impact on any individual's credit rating.

Strong security measures are in place to protect your information. These include separating your direct personal identifiers (name and address) from the rest of your information.

To confirm your identity, Statistics Canada requires your name, address, social insurance number, and date of birth when you request a copy of your personal information. This will ensure that there is no risk of disclosing your information to another individual or entity.

If you wish to use a secure method to provide your social insurance number and date of birth, we suggest that you call us at 613-951-4967 or 613-762-7547. You can also write to us at the address below:

Access to Information and Privacy Office
Office of Privacy Management and Information Coordination
Statistics Canada
RHC 2, Section O
100 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, ON  K1A 0T6

You can also email us at statcan.atip-aiprp.statcan@statcan.gc.ca.

If you are not satisfied with the answer you receive from Statistics Canada, you can make a complaint to the Office of the Privacy Commissioner.

Indigenous Liaison Program

Indigenous Liaison Program banner

The Indigenous Liaison Program serves as a bridge between Statistics Canada and First Nations, Métis and Inuit communities and Indigenous organizations.

Program objectives:

  • Work in partnership with First Nations, Métis, and Inuit communities and organizations to build strong relationships;
  • Increase understanding and access to Statistics Canada's data, products and services;
  • Promote the use of Statistics Canada's data sources for decision-making and community planning activities;
  • Build statistical capacity of Indigenous peoples and organizations;
  • Liaise with communities and organizations on Statistics Canada surveys and other important initiatives.

We offer:

  • Presentations and information sessions in which we present Indigenous data at the provincial and community level;
  • Data distribution to First Nations, Métis and Inuit organizations and communities;
  • Data and information request support through personal consultations;
  • Networking that leads to establishing durable and meaningful relationships.

Contacts

CISP-Indigenous Liaison Advisors: statcan.cispindigenousliaisonadvisors-cspaliaisonautoch.statcan@statcan.gc.ca

For further details, please contact the Indigenous Liaison Advisor in your area:

Atlantic Provinces and Québec

Gibbson (Ben) Wong 
343-600-3001
gibbson.wong@statcan.gc.ca

Ontario

Nick Printup
905-414-7086
nicholas.printup@statcan.gc.ca

Manitoba

Raymond Watkins
403-498-4297
raymond.watkins@statcan.gc.ca

Saskatchewan

Helen Tootoosis
306-491-6093
helen.huntertootoosis@statcan.gc.ca

Alberta

Kathleen Crowe
403-463-4062
kathleen.crowe@statcan.gc.ca

British Columbia

Mary Song
778-392-6859
mary.song@statcan.gc.ca

Nicole Huska
nicole.huska@statcan.gc.ca

Yukon and Northwest Territories

Raelyn Tricker
604-389-2119
raelyn.tricker@statcan.gc.ca

Inuit Nunangat

Stephanie Kootoo-Chiarello
819-360-5837
stephanie.kootoo-chiarello@statcan.gc.ca

Acting National Manager

Melinda Commanda
705-522-9221
melinda.commanda@statcan.gc.ca

Data Elements and Violation Coding Structure for the Uniform Crime Reporting Survey

The Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Survey was designed to measure the incidence of crime in Canadian society and its characteristics. Presented are the data elements that are captured by the survey, and the violation codes that are used in data collection.

Data Elements

Aboriginal Indicator

Apparent Age

Attempted/Completed Violation

Charges Laid or Recommended

Clearance Date

Counter Frauds and Motor Vehicles

CSC Status (Charged/Suspect - Chargeable)

Cybercrime

Date Charges Laid or Recommended or Processed By Other Means

Date of Birth

Fingerprint Section I.D. (FPS) Number

FPS Number

Fraud Type

Gender

Geocode Information

Hate Crime

Incident Clearance Status

Incident Date/Time (From and To Date and Time)

Incident File Number

Level of Injury

Location of Incident

Most Serious Violation / Violations

Most Serious Violation Against The Victim (VAV)

Most Serious Weapon Present

Motor Vehicle Recovery

Name/Primary Key

Organized Crime / Street Gang

Peace – Public Officer Status

Property Stolen

Relationship of CSC, (Charged/Suspect – Chargeable), To The Victim

Report Date

Respondent Code

Shoplifting Flag

Soundex Code

Special Survey Feature

Target Vehicle

Update Status

Vehicle Type

Weapon Causing Injury

Violation Structure for the Uniform Crime Reporting Survey

Crimes Against The Person

Violations Causing Death

  • Murder 1st Degree
  • Murder 2nd Degree
  • Manslaughter
  • Infanticide
  • Criminal Negligence Causing Death
  • Other Related Offences Causing Death

Attempting The Commission Of A Capital Crime

  • Attempted Murder
  • Conspire To Commit Murder

Sexual Violations

  • Aggravated Sexual Assault
  • Sexual Assault With A Weapon
  • Sexual Assault
  • Other Sexual Crimes (expired 2008-03-31)
  • Sexual Interference (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Invitation To Sexual Touching (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Sexual Exploitation (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Sexual Exploitation of a Person with a Disability (effective 2008-05-01)
  • Incest (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Corrupting Children (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Making Sexually Explicit material available to Children (effective 2012-08-09)
  • Parent or guardian procuring sexual activity
  • Householder permitting prohibited sexual activity
  • Luring a Child via a Computer (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Agreement or Arrangement - sexual offence against child
  • Anal Intercourse (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Bestiality - Commit or compel person (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Bestiality in presence of, or incites, a child
  • Voyeurism (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Non-consensual distribution of intimate images (effective 2015-03-09)

Assaults

  • Aggravated Assault Level 3
  • Assault With Weapon or Causing Bodily Harm Level 2
  • Assault Level 1
  • Unlawfully Causing Bodily Harm
  • Discharge Firearm With Intent
  • Using Firearm/Imitation Of Firearm In Commission Of Offence (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Pointing A Firearm (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Assault Against Peace Public Officer
  • Assault Against Peace Officer With A Weapon Or Causing Bodily Harm (effective 2009-10-02)
  • Aggravated Assault Against Peace Officer (effective 2009-10-02)
  • Criminal Negligence Causing Bodily Harm
  • Trap Likely To Or Causing Bodily Harm (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Other Assaults

Violations Resulting In The Deprivation Of Freedom

  • Kidnapping / Forcible Confinement (expired 2010-01-08)
  • Kidnapping (effective 2010-01-08)
  • Forcible Confinement (effective 2010-01-08)
  • Hostage Taking
  • Trafficking In Persons (effective 2005-11-01)
  • Abduction Under 14, Not Parent/Guardian
  • Abduction Under 16
  • Removal Of Children From Canada (effective 1998-01-01)
  • Abduction Under 14 Contravening A Custody Order
  • Abduction Under 14, By Parent/Guardian

Commodification of Sexual Activity

  • Obtaining sexual services for consideration (effective 2014-12-06)
  • Obtaining sexual services for consideration from person under 18 years (effective 2014-12-06)
  • Receive material benefit from sexual services (effective 2014-12-06)
  • Receive material benefit from sexual services provided by a person under 18 years (effective 2014-12-06)
  • Procuring (effective 2014-12-06)
  • Procuring - person under 18 years (effective 2014-12-06)
  • Advertising sexual services (effective 2014-12-06)

Other Violations Involving Violence Or The Threat of Violence

  • Robbery
  • Robbery To Steal Firearm (effective 2008-05-01)
  • Extortion
  • Intimidation Of A Justice System Participant Or A Journalist (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Intimidation Of A Non-Justice System Participant (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Criminal Harassment (effective 1994-01-01)
  • Indecent/Harassing Communications (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Utter Threats To Person (effective 1998-01-01)
  • Explosives Causing Death/Bodily Harm (effective 1998-01-01)
  • Arson – Disregard For Human Life (effective 1999-05-01)
  • Failure to comply with mandatory safeguards in relation to medical assistance in dying
  • Forging or destroying documents related to assistance requests with criminal intent
  • Other Violations Against The Person

Crimes Against Property

  • Arson
  • Break And Enter
  • Break And Enter To Steal Firearm (effective 2008-05-01)
  • Break And Enter A Motor Vehicle (Firearm) (effective 2008-05-01)
  • Theft Over $5,000
  • Theft Of A Motor Vehicle Over $5,000 (effective 2004-01-01) (expired 2011-04-28)
  • Theft Over $5,000 From A Motor Vehicle (effective 2004-01-01)
  • Shoplifting Over $5,000 (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Motor Vehicle Theft (effective 2011-04-29)
  • Theft $5,000 Or Under
  • Theft Of A Motor Vehicle $5,000 And Under (effective 2004-01-01) (expired 2011-04-28)
  • Theft $5,000 Or Under From A Motor Vehicle (effective 2004-01-01)
  • Shoplifting $5,000 Or Under (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Have Stolen Goods (expired 2011-04-28)
  • Trafficking in Stolen Goods over $5,000 (effective 2011-04-29)
  • Possession of Stolen Goods over $5,000 (effective 2011-04-29)
  • Trafficking in Stolen Goods $5,000 and under (effective 2011-04-29)
  • Possession of Stolen Goods $5,000 and under (effective 2011-04-29)
  • Fraud
  • Identity Theft (effective 2010-01-08)
  • Identity Fraud (effective 2010-01-08)
  • Mischief
  • Mischief Over $5,000 (expired 2008-03-31)
  • Mischief $5,000 Or Under (expired 2008-03-31)
  • Mischief in relation to cultural property (effective 2014-06-19)
  • Hate-motivated mischief relating to property used by identifiable group (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Mischief relating to war memorials (effective 2014-06-19)
  • Altering/Destroying/Removing a vehicle identification number (effective 2011-04-29)

Other Criminal Code Violations

Prostitution

  • Bawdy House (expired 2014-12-05)
  • Living Off The Avails Of Prostitution Of A Person Under 18 (effective 1998-01-01)(expired 2014-12-05)
  • Procuring (expired 2014-12-05)
  • Obtains/Communicates With A Person Under 18 For Purpose Of Sex (effective 1998-01-01)(expired 2014-12-05)
  • Other Prostitution (expired 2014-12-05)
  • Communicating to provide sexual services for consideration (effective 2014-12-06)
  • Stopping or impeding traffic for the purpose of offering, providing or obtaining sexual services for consideration (effective 2014-12-06)

Disorderly Houses, Gaming and Betting

  • Betting House
  • Gaming House
  • Other Gaming And Betting
  • Common Bawdy House (effective 2014-12-06)

Offensive Weapons

  • Explosives
  • Prohibited (expired 1998-12-01)
  • Restricted (expired 1998-12-01)
  • Firearm Transfers/Serial Numbers (expired 1998-12-01)
  • Other Offensive Weapons (expired 1998-12-01)
  • Using Firearms/Imitation (expired 2008-03-31)
  • Weapons Trafficking (effective 1998-12-01)
  • Weapons Possession Contrary To Order (effective 1998-12-01)
  • Possession Of Weapons (effective 1998-12-01)
  • Unauthorized Importing/Exporting Of Weapons (effective 1998-12-01)
  • Pointing a Firearm (expired 2008-03-31)
  • Firearms Documentation/Administration (effective 1998-12-01)
  • Unsafe Storage Of Firearms (effective 1998-12-01)

Other Criminal Code

  • Failure To Comply With Conditions
  • Counterfeiting Currency
  • Disturb The Peace
  • Escape Custody
  • Indecent Acts
  • Possessing or Accessing Child pornography
  • Making, or distribution of child pornography
  • Voyeurism (expired 2008-03-31)
  • Corrupting Morals
  • Luring a Child Via a Computer (expired 2008-03-31)
  • Obstruct Public Peace Officer
  • Prisoner Unlawfully At Large
  • Trespass at Night
  • Failure to Appear
  • Breach of Probation
  • Threatening/Harassing Phone Calls (expired 2008-03-31)
  • Utter Threats Against Property Or Animals (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Advocating Genocide (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Public Incitement Of Hatred (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Unauthorized recording of a movie/purpose of sale, rental, commercial distribution (2007-06-22)
  • Offences Against Public Order (Part II CC)
  • Property Or Services For Terrorist Activity (effective 2002-01-01)
  • Freezing Of Property, Disclosure, Audit (effective 2002-01-01)
  • Participate In Activity Of Terrorist Group (effective 2002-01-01)
  • Facilitate Terrorist Activity (effective 2002-01-01)
  • Instruction/Commission Of Act Of Terrorism (effective 2002-01-01)
  • Harbour Or Conceal Terrorist (effective 2002-01-01)(expired 2013-07-14)
  • Hoax – Terrorism (effective 2005-01-01)
  • Advocating/Promoting Terrorism Offence (effective 2015-07-18)
  • Firearms And Other Offensive Weapons (Part III CC)
  • Leaving Canada to participate in activity of terrorist group (effective 2013-07-15)
  • Leaving Canada to facilitate terrorist activity (effective 2013-07-15)
  • Leaving Canada to commit offence for terrorist group (effective 2013-07-15)
  • Leaving Canada to commit offence that is terrorist activity (effective 2013-07-15)
  • Concealing person who carried out terrorist activity that is a terrorism offence for which that person is liable to imprisonment for life (effective 2013-07-15)
  • Concealing person who carried out terrorist activity that is a terrorism offence for which that person is liable to any punishment other than life (effective 2013-07-15)
  • Concealing person who is likely to carry out terrorist activity (effective 2013-07-15)
  • Offences Against The Administration Of Law And Justice (Part IV CC)
  • Sexual Offences, Public Morals And Disorderly Conduct (Part V CC)
  • Invasion Of Privacy (Part VI CC)
  • Disorderly Houses, Gaming And Betting (Part VII CC) (expired 2008-03-31)
  • Offences Against The Person And Reputation (Part VIII CC)
  • Failure to comply with the regulations/obligations for medical assistance in dying
  • Offences Against The Rights Of Property (Part IX CC)
  • Fraudulent Transactions Relating To Contracts And Trade (Part X CC)
  • Intimidation Of Justice System Participant (expired 2008-03-31)
  • Wilful And Forbidden Acts In Respect Of Certain Property (Part XI CC)
  • Offences Related To Currency (Part XII CC)
  • Proceeds Of Crime (Part XII.2 CC) (effective 1998-01-01)
  • Attempts, Conspiracies, Accessories (Part XIII CC)
  • Instruct Offence For Criminal Organization (effective 2002-01-01)
  • Commit Offence For Criminal Organization (effective 2002-01-01)
  • Participate In Activities Of Criminal Organization (effective 2002-01-01)
  • Recruitment of members by a criminal organization (effective 2014-09-06)
  • All Other Criminal Code (includes Part XII.1 CC)

Controlled Drugs And Substances Act (Effective 1997-06-01)

Possession

  • Heroin
  • Cocaine
  • Other Controlled Drugs And Substances Act
  • Cannabis
  • Methamphetamine (Crystal Meth) (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Methylenedioxyamphetamine (Ecstasy) (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Opioid (other than heroin)

Trafficking

  • Heroin
  • Cocaine
  • Other Controlled Drugs And Substances Act
  • Cannabis
  • Methamphetamine (Crystal Meth) (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Methylenedioxyamphetamine (Ecstasy) (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Opioid (other than heroin)

Importation And Exportation

  • Heroin
  • Cocaine
  • Other Controlled Drugs And Substances Act
  • Cannabis
  • Methamphetamine (Crystal Meth) (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Methylenedioxyamphetamine (Ecstasy) (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Opioid (other than heroin)

Production

  • Heroin (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Cocaine (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Other Controlled Drugs And Substances Act (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Cannabis
  • Methamphetamine (Crystal Meth) (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Methylenedioxyamphetamine (Ecstasy) (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Opioid (other than heroin)

Possession, sale, etc., for use in production of or trafficking in substance (effective 2011-06-26)

Proceeds of Crime (CDSA) (expired 2002-02-01)

Other Federal Statute Violations

Bankruptcy Act

Income Tax Act

Canada Shipping Act

Canada Health Act

Customs Act

Competition Act

Excise Act

Young Offenders Act (expired 2003-03-31)

Youth Criminal Justice Act (effective 2003-04-01)

Immigration And Refugee Protection Act

Human Trafficking (effective 2011-04-29)

Human Smuggling fewer than 10 persons (effective 2011-04-29)

Human Smuggling 10 persons or more (effective 2011-04-29)

Firearms Act (effective 1998-12-01)

National Defence Act (effective 2002-01-01)

Other Federal Statutes

Traffic Violations

Dangerous Operation

  • Causing Death
  • Causing Bodily Harm
  • Operation Of Motor Vehicle, Vessel Or Aircraft

Flight From Peace Officer (effective 2000-03-30)

  • Causing Death
  • Causing Bodily-Harm
  • Flight From Peace Officer

Impaired Operation/Related Violations

  • Causing Death (Alcohol)
  • Causing Death (Drugs)
  • Causing Bodily Harm (Alcohol)
  • Causing Bodily Harm (Drugs)
  • Operation Of Motor Vehicle, Vessel Or Aircraft Or Over 80 Mg. (Alcohol)
  • Operation Of Motor Vehicle, Vessel Or Aircraft Or Over 80 Mg. (Drugs)
  • Failure To Comply Or Refusal (Alcohol)
  • Failure To Comply Or Refusal (Drugs)
  • Failure To Provide Blood Sample (Alcohol)
  • Failure To Provide Blood Sample (Drugs)

Other Criminal Code Traffic Violations

  • Failure To Stop Or Remain (unspecified) (expired 2011-04-28)
  • Failure to Stop Causing Death (effective 2011-04-29)
  • Failure to Stop Causing Bodily Harm (effective 2011-04-29)
  • Failure to Stop or Remain (effective 2011-04-29)
  • Driving While Prohibited
  • Other Criminal Code

Street Racing

  • Causing Death By Criminal Negligence While Street Racing (effective 2006-12-14)
  • Causing Bodily Harm By Criminal Negligence While Street Racing (effective 2006-12-14)
  • Dangerous Operation Causing Death While Street Racing (effective 2006-12-14)
  • Dangerous Operation Causing Bodily Harm While Street Racing (effective 2006-12-14)
  • Dangerous Operation Of Motor Vehicle While Street Racing (effective 2006-12-14)

For more information, contact Information and Client Services (toll-free 1-800-387-2231; 613-951-9023), Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics.

For use with DVS 2017/2018, reporting data for 2017/2018 and previous academic years

Tourism and the Centre for Education Statistics

August 2018

Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS)
Record Layout, Files and Data Element Descriptions

Data Submission Information at a Glance

This information is collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

Completion of this questionnaire is a legal requirement under this act.

Survey Purpose

The Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS) is a national survey that enables Statistics Canada to provide detailed information on enrolments and graduates of Canadian public postsecondary institutions in order to meet policy and planning needs in the field of postsecondary education. The information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Confidentiality

Statistics Canada is prohibited by law from releasing any information it collects which could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes and research purposes.

Please note that in the following record layout, words designating the masculine gender include the feminine gender.

PSIS Database Structure

The PSIS database holds data at two (2) levels: (1) institution, program and course data; and (2) student data. The institution, program and course data includes a list of all public postsecondary institutions in Canada, and an inventory of all programs and courses offered through these institutions. The student data contains demographic, program, and course information for students registered at these institutions.

The information required to feed the PSIS database is stored in the six (6) PSIS data files, which are loaded by the reporting institution via the DVS Data Verification System (DVS) and transmitted to Statistics Canada. The six (6) files describe either the student, or the institution and its available programs. The files and their interrelationships can be described as follow: The Institution Description file is linked to the Institution Program and Institution Course files whereas the Student Description file is linked to the Student Program and Student Course files. In addition, the Student Program file is linked to the Institution Program file and the Institution Course file is linked to the Student Course file.

Note to user: Data elements not in bold are those required to identify a unique record (each column corresponds to a file). Data elements required to link the files between them are identified by row. For example, the data elements required to link the ID and the SC files are: 1005/1000, 1025, 1035 and 1036.

Table A
Data elements required to identify a unique record in each file and data elements required to link the files between them
Table summary
This table displays the results of Data Elements Required to Identify a Unique Record in Each File and the Required Data Elements to Link Them to Files. The information is grouped by Mnemonic (appearing as row headers), Name and File (appearing as column headers).
Mnemonic Name File
ID IP IC SD SP SC
RepStartYear Year of start of report cycle 1005 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
Instit Institution code 1025 1025 1025 1025 1025 1025
Period (ID) / CourPer (SC) Reporting period 1035 n/a n/a n/a n/a 1035
Sub-period (ID) – CourSubPer (SC) Reporting sub-period 1036 n/a n/a n/a n/a 1036
ProgCode Student's program code n/a 2000 n/a n/a 2000 n/a
CredenTyp Credential type n/a 2010 n/a n/a 2010 n/a
CourCode Student's course code n/a n/a 3000 n/a n/a 3000
StudID Institution's student identifier n/a n/a n/a 4000 4000 4000
ProgStart Original start date in program n/a n/a n/a n/a 5010 n/a
CourStart Date student started course n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 6020

Six (6) PSIS Input Files and File Description

Listed below are six (6) PSIS input files which you will need to submit in your annual report cycle (due by February 1st, 2019). A brief description of each file is also outlined below.

  1. Institution Description (ID) file
  2. Institution Program (IP) file
  3. Institution Course (IC) file
  4. Student Description (SD) file
  5. Student Program (SP) file
  6. Student Course (SC) file

Institution Metadata

1. Institution Description (ID) file

(Postsecondary institution metadata; number of elements = 5; length = 132 bytes)
The Institution Description (ID) file lists and describes the different periods of academic activity by which programs and courses are organized. Specifically, the records contained on the ID file describe how a postsecondary institution divides its year into periods (sessions, terms, or other components) during which courses are commonly offered. Postsecondary institutions provide one (1) ID record for each period that begins or ends during the twelve (12) month report cycle. (For more detailed information, please refer to the Institution Description (ID) file section of this document.)

Please note that the information contained on the ID file is used to validate the Institution Code (element ID1025) provided to all of the six (6) PSIS files. It is also used to validate the period in which student courses are offered (element ID1035). Each period in which courses are reported on the Student Course (SC) file must also be present on the ID file.

2. Institution Program (IP) file

(Postsecondary institution metadata; number of elements = 11; length = 314 bytes)
The Institution Program (IP) file contains program code and program name (IP2000, IP2020), program duration (IP2070 and IP2071), credential type (IP2010) and other characteristics of each program offered by the postsecondary institution. The IP file is an inventory of the programs offered by the postsecondary institution. It contains one (1) IP record for each program offered during the twelve (12) month cycle.
Please note that there is a logical link between this file and the Student Program (SP) file. The SP file contains one (1) record for each combination of student and program. Each program code reported on the SP file must be present on the IP file. (For more detailed information, please refer to the Institution Program (IP) file section of this document.)

3. Institution Course (IC) file

(Postsecondary institution metadata; number of elements = 7; length = 260 bytes)
The Institution Course (IC) file contains course code and course name (IC3000, IC3020), course credits normally awarded and course credit units (IC3090, IC3091) and other characteristics of each course offered by the postsecondary institution. The IC file is an inventory of the courses offered by the postsecondary institution. One (1) IC record for each of the courses offered during the twelve (12) month cycle should be reported.
Please note that there is a logical link between this file and the Student Course (SC) file. The SC file contains one (1) record for each combination of student and course. Each course code reported on the SC file must be present on the IC file. (For more detailed information, please refer to the Institution Course (IC) file section of this document.)

Student Metadata

4. Student Description (SD) file

(Student metadata; number of elements = 37; length = 1018 bytes)
The Student Description (SD) file contains demographic and other descriptive information about the students attending the various postsecondary institutions. Among others, it contains student name (SD4040 to SD4050), birth date (SD4230), gender (SD4240), Social Insurance Number (SIN) (SD4020), contact information (SD4060 to SD4180), and characteristics such as whether or not the student has self-identified as an Aboriginal person (SD4210).This file contains one (1) record per student per postsecondary institution.

Please note that there is a logical link between this file and the Student Program (SP) file. The SD file contains one (1) record per student enrolled in a program or who has graduated from a program. (For more detailed information, please refer to the Student Description (SD) file section of this document.)

5. Student Program (SP) file

(Student metadata; number of elements = 17; length = 402 bytes)
The Student Program (SP) file contains one (1) record for each program in which the student was enrolled during the reporting cycle. The student program record includes the original dates in which the student started/ended a program (SP5010, SP5090), student status in program at end of report cycle (SP5100), specialization or major field of study (SP5015 and SP5016), total transfer credits (SP5220), cumulative credits for program (SP5230) and other characteristics of the student's program as recorded by the postsecondary institution.

Please note that there is a logical link between this file and the Institution Program (IP) file. Each program code reported on the SP file must be present on the IP file. In addition, there is a logical link between this file and the Student Description (SD) file. Each student record reported on the SD file must be associated with at least one (1) program record on the SP file. (For more detailed information, please refer to the Student Program (SP) file section of this document.)

6. Student Course (SC) file

(Student metadata; number of elements = 10; length = 258 bytes)
The Student Course (SC) file contains one (1) record for each course in which the student was enrolled during the reporting cycle. Also, include one (1) course record for students that are registered either in a CO-OP work term, writing a thesis, or performing any other academic activities related to their program but not structured as a course. The student course record includes the dates which the student started/ended the course (SC6020, SC6021) and status in course at end of report cycle (SC6030).

Please note that there is a logical link between this file and the Institution Course (IC) file. Each course code reported on the SC file must be present on the IC file. In addition, there is a logical link between this file and the Student Program (SP) file. Each program in which the student was enrolled (SP file) must be associated with at least one (1) course record on the SC file. The SP record for a student who graduates during the report cycle and for which the student did not have any course registrations during the report cycle (e.g., the student applies for and is granted a credential during the current report cycle for work completed in an earlier cycle) should not have an associated SC record. (For more detailed information, please refer to the Student Course (SC) file section of this document.)

Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS)
Institution Description (ID) File

The following data elements are required to identify unique records: Start date of report cycle (ID1005), Institution Code (ID1025), Period Code (ID1035), and Sub-period Code (ID1036)

Record Layout, Files and Data Element Descriptions

First, select your start date of report cycle and store it in element ID1005. Please see the description of ID1005 for guidance on how to select your report cycle.

The Institution Description (ID) file lists and describes the different periods of academic activity by which programs and courses are organized. Specifically, the records contained on the ID file describe how a postsecondary institution divides its year into periods (sessions, terms, or other components) during which courses are commonly offered. Postsecondary institutions provide one (1) ID record for each period that begins or ends during the twelve (12) month report cycle. Periods can be of any length (although not many courses span twelve (12) consecutive months or more). Periods include the time allocated for exams. Your periods can begin before your report start date and can extend beyond the end of your report cycle. See data element ID1035, (Period Code) for suggestions on how to report periods.

Institution Code (element 1025 on all six (6) PSIS files)

You will find your code(s) on the list of postsecondary institution codes supplied by Statistics Canada.

Each eight (8)-digit code comprises a two (2)-digit province, a three (3)-digit postsecondary institution and a three (3)-digit campus. The list contains one (1) code for the parent postsecondary institution and one (1) for each campus. The parent institution code has 000 in the last three (3) digits, while the campuses are numbered sequentially beginning with 001. Postsecondary institutions without campuses have only a parent institution code. Examples: Postsecondary institution XXX in province P1 has two (2) campuses and postsecondary institution YYY in province P2 has none. Their codes would appear on the code list as follows: Postsecondary institution XXX includes P1XXX000 for Parent Institution; P1XXX001, Campus 1; P1XXX002; Campus 2; and Postsecondary institution YYY includes P2YYY000 for Parent Institution.

If your postsecondary institution has campuses, you can choose to report your PSIS data at the campus level or at the parent (000) level depending on how you store your postsecondary institution metadata and student metadata on your own administrative systems. We recommend reporting at the lowest level available, as more detailed analysis can potentially be done.

The following combinations of reporting level and file type are valid. Choose one (1) reporting level for all three (3) postsecondary institution metadata files and one (1) for all three (3) student metadata files; (i.e., do not combine parent- and campus-level reporting within the three (3) postsecondary institution metadata files or within the three (3) student metadata files).

Postsecondary institution metadata (ID, IP, IC) Parent Institution and Campus is paired with Student metadata (SD, SP, SC) Parent Institution and Campus.

Table 1
Institution Code - ID Files
Table summary
This table displays the results of Institution Code - ID Files. The information is grouped by Element Number (appearing as row headers), Mnemonic, Name, Description, Codes, Alternate Codes, Core, Type, Position and Size (appearing as column headers).
Element Number Mnemonic Name Description Codes Type Position Size
1005 RepstartDate Start date of report cycle Your report cycle should start on the day after the end of your previous year's winter session (or academic year if you do not have a winter session), including the time allocated for exams. If your institution has no activity during the summer, only use September 1 as the start of your report cycle if your academic year ends on August 31.

Possible scenarios (for illustrative purposes only; your data may vary) for the 2017/2018 report:
  • if last year's winter session ended on April 15, use April 16, 2017 (20170416) as your start date and April 15, 2018 (20180415) as your end date, or
  • if the academic year ends on June 30 then use JJuly 1, 2017 (20170701) as your start date and June 30, 2017 (20180630) as your end date.
If your institution changes its report cycle, (i.e., if your winter session now ends on a different date such as April 30 instead of May 31 or your academic year now ends on August 1 instead of July 31), this will affect your start date of report cycle (RepStartDate). Be aware of any gaps between, or overlaps of, reporting periods that will occur from the previous year's PSIS submission. Please make the necessary adjustments to this year's PSIS submission to ensure the data is complete but not duplicated.

Postsecondary institutions that deliver programs only by non-traditional methods such as distance education, and therefore do not have a defined academic year or sessions, should use May 1 as their start date (or another date close to May 1 if more appropriate).

Repeat the same value on all ID records.
YYYYMMDD (YearMonthDay) Text 1-8 8
1025 Instit Institution code Reporting PSIS postsecondary institution code Refer to the Postsecondary Institution Codes in Section 4 of the document titled "PSIS Reporting Documentation 2017/2018". Text 9-16 8
1035 Period Period code The ID file describes how the postsecondary institution divides its year into periods (sessions, terms, or other components) during which courses are commonly offered. Periods can be of any length (although, not many courses span twelve (12) consecutive months or more). Periods include the time allocated for exams.

Provide one (1) ID record for each of your periods. Periods can start before the beginning of your report cycle (ID1005 above) and/or continue beyond the end of your report cycle.

Use this element and the next one to record your own code or name you use to describe the period and sub-period. You can use both elements if a period is divided into shorter units. If not, leave the next element blank. Elements ID1035 and ID1036 are also used in the Student Course (SC1035 and SC1036) File to specify the period in which the student took the course.

Example 1: a university offers courses during a spring/summer session, which it designates as SS, comprising an intersession (I) and a summer term (S); and during a fall session (F); and during a winter session (W); and during an academic year (AY). The university would report six (6) ID records having the following codes in this element and the next one:
The ID file describes how the postsecondary institution divides its year into periods (sessions, terms, or other components) during which courses are commonly offered. Periods can be of any length (although, not many courses span twelve (12) consecutive months or more). Periods include the time allocated for exams.

Provide one (1) ID record for each of your periods. Periods can start before the beginning of your report cycle (ID1005 above) and/or continue beyond the end of your report cycle.

Use this element and the next one to record your own code or name you use to describe the period and sub-period. You can use both elements if a period is divided into shorter units. If not, leave the next element blank. Elements ID1035 and ID1036 are also used in the Student Course (SC1035 and SC1036) File to specify the period in which the student took the course.

Example 1: a university offers courses during a spring/summer session, which it designates as SS, comprising an intersession (I) and a summer term (S); and during a fall session (F); and during a winter session (W); and during an academic year (AY). The university would report six (6) ID records having the following codes in this element and the next one: Period SS, no Sub-period; Period SS, Sub-Period I; Period SS, Sub-Period S; Periods F, W, AY; no Sub-period.

Example 2: a college offers courses during a fall session, which it designates as FALL; a winter session (WIN); and the academic year (YEAR). The college also offers courses during two (2) half-semesters in the fall, which it designates FALL1 and FALL2, and, for the summer period, one six (6)-weeks and two (2) 4-week periods, which it designates SUM1, SUM2 and SUM3. The college would report a total of eight (8) ID records having the following period codes in this element and sub-period codes for the next element: Period SUM, Sub-period 1; Period SUM, Sub-period 2; Period SUM, Sub-period 3; FALL, no sub-period; FALL, sub-periods, 1, 2; Period WIN, no Sub-period; YEAR, no sub-period.
The shorter periods could alternatively be coded SUM1, SUM2, SUM3, FALL1 and FALL2 in this element and the next element (Sub-period) will be blank.
The postsecondary institution's code or name of the period within which courses are offered. Text 17-22 6
1036 Sub_period Sub-period code Sub-period code during which courses are commonly offered. See previous element for more details. The postsecondary institution's code or name of the sub-period. Text 23-28 6
1100 ProvID Provincial ID elements Provincial ministries wanting to define additional elements for provincial reporting can use this composite element. Leave any unused portion of the 80 characters blank. Components and codes as defined by provincial ministry. Text 53-132 80

Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS)
Institution Program (IP) File

The following data elements are required to identity unique records: Year of Start of Report Cycle (IP1000), Institution Code (IP1025), Program Code (IP2000), and Credential Type (IP2010)

Record Layout, Files and Data Element Descriptions

The Institution Program (IP) file contains program code and program name (IP2000, IP2020), program duration (IP2060 to IP2071), credential type (IP2010, IP2011), educational entrance requirements (IP2150 to IP2155) and other characteristics of each program offered by the postsecondary institution. The IP file is an inventory of the programs offered by the postsecondary institution. It contains one (1) IP record for each program offered during the twelve (12) month cycle.

There is a logical link between this file and the Student Program (SP) file. The SP file contains one (1) record for each combination of student and program. Each program code reported on the SP file must be present on the IP file.

If students are taking courses without registration in a program, create as many non-program records on the IP file for each of the non-program categories appropriate to your institution (see element IP2015). This will involve:

  1. putting a program name in element IP2020;
  2. putting a program code in element IP2000;
  3. putting a value of "98 - Not applicable" in element IP2010;
  4. assigning the students to this program in the SP file; and
  5. following the instructions in the other elements for the assignment of "Not Applicable" code for this non-program record.

Please refer to the "Program type" and "Non-credit" entries of the Reporting Guide for Program Type and Credential Type for additional information on the non-programs.

Universities that store their program data with separate fields for degree and specialization(s) or major field(s) of study may be able to report just the degree code in element SP2000 and the student's specialization(s) or major field(s) of study in elements SP5015, SP5016 and SP5017 on the SP file. For example, if all BA programs have the same duration, credit requirement, provincial funding code, entrance requirements, on-the-job training (OJT) components, etc., then you could report only one (1) IP record for all BA's, with element IP2000 = "BA", and then show the different majors on the SP records of individual students. But if some of the BA programs have different durations or credit requirements, etc., then you must provide separate IP records for them. In these cases, you could combine the degree code and the specialization(s) or major field(s) of study in element IP2000 of the IP and SP records.

For programs that award two (2) credentials, please refer to the "Joint credential program" entry of the Reporting Guide for Program Type and Credential Type.

For programs that may lead to the option of several qualifications in terms of successful outcomes, such as one program (same code) which leads to a certificate or a diploma, please refer to the "programs with multiple exit options" entry of the Reporting Guide for Program Type and Credential Type.

For apprenticeship programs, provide one (1) IP record for each year or level of the program.

For the entire reporting period, describe all the programs offered during the twelve (12) months beginning on your Report Cycle Start Date.

Table 2
Institution Program (IP) codes
Table summary
This table displays the results of Institution Program (IP) codes. The information is grouped by Element Number (appearing as row headers), Mnemonic, Name, Description, Codes, Alternate Codes, Core, Type, Position and Size (appearing as column headers).
Element Number Mnemonic Name Description Codes Type Position Size
1000 RepStartYear Year of start of report cycle The year in which the current report cycle starts. Assign the same first four (4) digits of the start date of the report cycle (as found in element ID1005 on the ID file). YYYY (Year) Text 1-4 4
1025 Instit Institution code Reporting PSIS postsecondary institution code. Refer to the Postsecondary Institution Codes in Section 4 of the document titled "PSIS Reporting Documentation 2017/2018". Text 5-12 8
2000 ProgCode Program code A program is a structured collection of educational activities (courses and other learning activities) arrayed to meet a set of learning objectives.

A program "proxy" may be used in PSIS to identify educational activities which fall outside the definition of "program."

Note: For degrees granted in Canadian universities, programs should fall within the parameters detailed in the Council of Ministers of Education, Canada (CMEC) Ministerial Statement on Quality Assurance of Degree Education in Canada (2007), which uses similar descriptors as those used in the Bologna process.
Please refer to the Reporting Guide for Program Type and Credential Type for additional information on how to report programs.

Please report the program code as stored in the postsecondary institution's administrative files. For more details, refer to element SP2000 on the SP file. All program codes on the SP file must be present on this file including the non-program record(s) as element Program Code is used as a key field to match record on IP and SP files. Universities that store their program data with separate fields for degree and specialization(s) or major field(s) of study may be able to report just the degree code in element IP2000 and the students' specialization(s) or major field(s) of study in elements SP5015, SP5016 and SP5017 on the SP file. For example, if all BA programs have the same duration, credit requirement, provincial funding code, entrance requirements, co-op requirements, etc., you could report only one (1) IP record for all BA's, with element IP2000 = "BA", and then show the different majors on the SP records of individual students. But if some of the BA programs have different durations or credit requirements etc., then you must provide separate IP records for them. In these cases, you would combine the degree code and the specialization(s) or major field(s) of study in element 2000 of the IP and SP records.

The combination of the previous element (IP1025), this one and the next one (IP2010) constitute a key and therefore must be unique. Do not report duplicate combinations of these three (3) elements.
None Text 13-32 20
2010 CredenTyp Credential type The type of formal qualification awarded for successful completion of a program, excluding certificates of attendance.

A "qualification" acknowledges successful completion of a program of study containing evaluative components. A "formal qualification" is a qualification that is recognized by an official body such as ministries of education, boards of governors or other ministry appointed bodies, federal departments or ministries, industry associations or sectors, apprenticeship and trades commissions, regulatory bodies or licensing agencies.
Definitions of the categories:
01: A non-postsecondary credential awarded as a high school diploma or its equivalent.
02: A credential awarded and recognized by official bodies as a "certificate".
03: A credential awarded and recognized by official bodies as a "diploma".
04: This category must only be used to assign "degree" credentials which are supported by the Council of Ministers of Education, Canada (CMEC) Ministerial Statement on Quality Assurance of Degree Education in Canada.
10: Formal qualifications granted upon successful completion of programs that are shorter than programs where a certificate is the formal qualification awarded.
11: A credential granted upon completion of sixty (60) transferable credits of an undergraduate program.
97: A credential from programs that do not fit in any of the other categories.
98: This category is used for non-programs (where no formal qualification can be obtained), credentials for programs where the learning or performance is not measured or evaluated, such as for certificates of attendance, as well as for any other program where no formal qualification is offered.

Please refer to the "Credential type" entry in the Reporting Guide for Program Type and Credential Type for inclusions, exclusions and additional information on each of the categories.

If the same program can award two (2) credentials, one for completing a certain level and a higher one for completing a longer version of the program, then provide two (2) records having the same program code (element IP2000) but different values in this element; e.g., a program awarding a certificate after one (1) year or a diploma after two (2) years would have two (2) records for this data element, the first with code "02 - Certificate" and the second with code "03 - Diploma".

For joint programs in which a student normally receives two (2) credentials, please refer to the "Joint credential program" entry in the Reporting Guide for Program Type and Credential Type to code the credential type.

For programs offered under an agreement with another (other) institution(s), please refer to the "Programs offered under an agreement" entry of the Reporting Guide for Program Type and Credential Type to code the credential type.

Please refer to Appendix B for acceptable reporting combinations between Credential type (IP/SP2010) and Program type (IP2015).
01 - General Equivalency Diploma/high school diploma
02 - Certificate
03 - Diploma
04 - Degree (includes applied degree)
10 - Attestation and other short program credentials
11 - Associate degree
97 - Other type of credential associated with a program
98 - Not applicable
Text 33-34 2
2015 ProgType Program type A classification of programs that is based on a combination of factors such as the general purpose of the program; the type of instruction offered in terms of educational content; and the expected outcome of the program.
Definition of the categories:
01: Non-postsecondary programs that are offered in postsecondary institutions.
10: In-class or technical components of apprenticeship training when offered in postsecondary institutions.
20: Postsecondary programs that prepare students for entry into career, technical or pre-university programs.
21: Postsecondary skills programs that usually lead to a specific career path and into the labour market that is neither apprenticeship, pre-university, undergraduate nor graduate program. Educational requirements for this program are usually not greater than the secondary school diploma.
22: Postsecondary skills programs that usually lead to a specific career path and into the labour market and requires a certificate or a diploma from a career, technical or professional training program.
30: Postsecondary programs that prepare students for undergraduate studies but is not an undergraduate program.
40: Programs that prepare students for entry into a bachelor's degree program. It is an access or bridging option for a student who does not fully meet the requirements for entry into a bachelor's degree program. While this program does not generally lead to a qualification, some credits may be granted towards a bachelor's degree.
46: These are programs that are more academically-based programs which normally require a secondary school diploma or a college diploma in Quebec. Educational activities in these programs can be counted towards a bachelor's degree (applied, general or honours) or a professional degree. Undergraduate degrees normally allow entry into a second cycle graduate program.
47: Postsecondary programs that are not graduate programs and require a bachelor's degree for admission either explicitly or implicitly, such as is the case for concurrent bachelor's degree programs (where the outcome of these programs is equivalent to a program requiring a bachelor's degree, but the degree is not a requirement because of the concurrent nature of the program).
In Saskatchewan and British Columbia, this category also captures postsecondary programs at the undergraduate level for which degree completion requires a scope beyond a bachelor's degree due to its breadth and depth of learning.
50: Postsecondary programs that prepare students for entry into a master's degree program. A bachelor's degree is normally required for entry into this program.
53: Postsecondary programs that prepare students for entry into a doctoral degree program, without the student being admitted to the doctoral program.
58: This category covers health-related residency programs. At a minimum, these programs require undergraduate degrees for entry.
59: Graduate programs that normally require a bachelor's degree. Educational activities in these programs can be counted towards a master's degree. Degrees from second cycle graduate programs normally allow entry into third cycle graduate programs.
62: Graduate programs that normally require a master's degree. Educational activities in these programs can be counted towards a doctoral degree.
63: Graduate programs that normally require a doctoral degree. Post-doctorate activities that do not meet the definition of a "program," such as those in the labour market, are excluded from this category.
89: Any postsecondary program that does not fit in any of the program categories listed above.
91, 92, 93 and 94: Categories that serve to identify students registered in educational activities without being registered in a program. It includes students enrolled in courses who have not declared a program of intent.
91: These are courses or other educational activities that are not within a program and have no evaluative component.
92: These are undergraduate courses or other educational activities not within a program and have an evaluative component.
93: These are graduate courses or other educational activities that are not within a program and have an evaluative component.
94: These are postsecondary courses or other educational activities that are neither undergraduate nor graduate, are not within a program and have an evaluative component.

Please refer to the Reporting Guide for Program Type and Credential Type for inclusions, exclusions and additional information on each of the categories. Please refer also to Appendix B for acceptable reporting combinations between Credential type (IP/SP2010) and Program type (IP2015).

For joint programs in which a student normally receives two (2) credentials, please refer to the "Joint credential program" entry in the Reporting Guide for Program Type and Credential Type.
01 - Basic education and skills program
10 - Apprenticeship program
20 - Qualifying program for career, technical or pre-university
21 - Career, technical or professional training program
22 - Post career, technical or professional training program
30 - Pre-university program
40 - Undergraduate qualifying program
46 - Undergraduate program
47 - Post-baccalaureate non-graduate program
50 - Graduate qualifying program (second cycle)
53 - Graduate qualifying program (third cycle)
58 - Health-related residency program
59 - Graduate program (second cycle)
62 - Graduate program (third cycle)
63 - Graduate program (above the third cycle)
89 - Other programs
91 - Non-program (non-credit)
92 - Non-program (credit, undergraduate)
93 - Non-program (credit, graduate)
94 - Non-program (credit, other postsecondary)
Text 37-38 2
2020 ProgName Program name The program name as stored in the postsecondary institution's own administrative files. None Text 41-140 100
2070 ProgDur Program duration The normal instructional time to complete the course work for the entire program for a full-time student by traditional program delivery.

Use the next element (IP2071) to specify which unit of measure you are using. Use half-semesters (code 10), quarters or trimesters (code 12) or semesters or trimesters (code 15) if possible. Use weeks or months (code 08 or 09) only for programs shorter than one (1) year or for programs specifically organized in weeks or months. Use academic years or years (code 25 or 30) only if the program's courses are not delivered in shorter periods such as semesters or half-semesters or quarters.

Exclude program segments that are mainly on-the-job training or field placement or co-op work terms.

Leave this element blank only for non-program records and programs having no set duration, such as graduate programs.
Blank or numeric value including decimal point and two (2) decimal places.
e.g.,
1016.50 = 1016.5 units required
1.00 = 1 unit required
Numeric 160-165 6
2071 ProgDurUnit Program duration units Identifies the unit of measure used in the previous element (IP2070). Assign "98 - Not applicable" only for non-program records and programs having no set duration, such as graduate programs. 06 - Hours
08 - Weeks
09 - Months (a period of about 30 days)
10 - Half-semesters (a period of about 2 months)
12 - Quarters or trimesters (a period of about 3 months)
15 - Semesters or trimesters (a period of about 4 months)
25 - Academic years (a period of about 8 months)
30 - Years (a period of about 12 months)
98 - Not applicable
Text 166-167 2
2080 ProgCred Credits needed to graduate The number of credits or units of academic achievement required for graduating from or completing the entire program. Credits refer to the value that a postsecondary institution attaches to successful completion of a formal course of instruction and that can be applied by the recipient towards the requirements for a credential.

Use the next element (IP2081) to specify which unit of measure you are using. If the program is not organized by credits but instead requires the successful completion of some number of courses, report the number of courses here and assign code "06 - Courses" in the next element (IP2081). Exclude credits for on-the-job training (OJT) segments that cover most or all of a semester or other period (e.g., co-op work terms).

Leave this element blank only for non-credit programs or programs with no set credit or course requirements, such as graduate programs.
Blank or numeric value including decimal point and two (2) decimal places.
e.g.,
1.00 = 1 unit required
1016.50 = 1,016.5 units required
10000.00 = 10,000 units required
Numeric 168-175 8
2081 ProgCredUnit Program credit units Identifies the unit of measure used in the previous element (IP2080).

Assign code "98 - Not applicable" only for non-credit programs or programs with no set credit or course requirements, such as graduate programs.
01 - Credits
02 - Credit hours
03 - Semester hours
04 - Course hours
05 - Credit points
06 - Courses
07 - Student contact hours
96 - Other units
98 - Not applicable (non-credit program or no set credit requirement)
Text 176-177 2
2400 ProvIP Provincial IP elements Provincial ministries wanting to define additional elements for provincial reporting can use this composite element. Leave any unused portion of the 80 characters blank. Components and codes as defined by provincial ministry Text 235-314 80

Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS)
Institution Course (IC) File

The following data elements are required to identify unique records: Year of Start of Report Cycle (IC1000), Institution Code (IC1025), and Course Code (IC3000)

Record Layout, Files and Data Element Descriptions

The Institution Course (IC) file contains course code and course name (IC3000, IC3020), course duration and course duration units (IC3080, IC3081), course credits normally awarded and course credit units (IC3090, IC3091) and other characteristics of each course offered by the postsecondary institution. The IC file is an inventory of the courses offered by the postsecondary institution. One (1) IC record for each of the courses offered during the twelve (12) month cycle should be reported.

There is a logical link between this file and the Student Course (SC) file. The SC file contains one (1) record for each combination of student and course. Each course code reported on the SC file must be present on the IC file.

For the entire reporting period, describe all the courses offered during the twelve (12) months beginning on your Report Cycle Start Date.

Table 3
Institution Course (IC) File Codes
Table summary
This table displays the results of Table 3: Institution Course (IC) File Codes. The information is grouped by Element Number (appearing as row headers), Mnemonic, Name, Description, Codes, Alternate codes, Core, Type, Position and Size (appearing as column headers).
Element Number Mnemonic Name Description Codes Type Position Size
1000 RepStartYear Year of start of report cycle The year in which the current report cycle starts. Assign the first four (4) digits of the start date of the report cycle (as found in element ID1005 on the ID file). YYYY (Year) Text 1-4 4
1025 Instit Institution code Reporting PSIS postsecondary institution code. Refer to the Postsecondary Institution Codes in Section 4 of the document titled "PSIS Reporting Documentation 2017/2018". Text 5-12 8
3000 CourCode Course code The unique code for the course as it is stored in the postsecondary institution's administrative files; e.g., the course code "CHEM 101" might represent "Introduction to Chemistry".

Include non-credit courses.

In cases where a lab and a lecture have independent course codes in the postsecondary institution's administrative system, report separate courses on the IC file, e.g., "CHEM 101 Lecture" would be a different course from "CHEM 101 Lab".

All course codes in element SC3000 on the SC file must also be present on this file.
None Text 13-32 20
3020 CourName Course name The course name as it is stored in the postsecondary institution's administrative files. In the above example for "CHEM 101", "Introduction to Chemistry" would be recorded here. None Text 33-132 100
3090 CourCred Course credits normally awarded The number of course credits or units of academic achievement normally awarded for successful completion of the course. Use the next element (IC3091) to specify which unit of measure you are using. If possible, use the same unit of measure as in elements IP2080 or IP2081 on the IP file.

For non-credit courses or courses having no credit or course value assigned, leave this element blank and assign code "98 - Not applicable" in the next element. Also, leave blank for continuing education courses that do not count for academic credit.

In some cases, the credits awarded for a course will vary from student to student depending on the student's program. In those cases, report the normal number of credits here and show the variation on the students' course records in element SC6060.
Blank or numeric value including decimal point and two (2) decimal places.
e.g., 1.00 = 1 unit awarded
16.50 = 16.5 units awarded
Numeric 145-152 8
3091 CourCredUnit Course credit units Identifies the unit of measure used in the previous element (IC3090). 01 - Credits
02 - Credit hours
03 - Semester hours
04 - Course hours
05 - Credit points
06 - Courses
07 - Student contact hours
96 - Other units
98 - Not applicable (non-credit course or course having no credit or course value assigned)
Text 153-154 2
3200 ProvIC Provincial IC elements Provincial ministries wanting to define additional elements for provincial reporting can use this composite element. Leave any unused portion of the 80 characters blank. Components and codes as defined by provincial ministry Text 181-260 80

Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS)
Student Description (SD) File

The following data elements are required to identity unique records: Year of Start of Report Cycle (SD1000), Institution Code (SD1025), and Institution's Student Identifier (SD4000)

Record Layout, Files, and Data Elements Descriptions

The Student Description (SD) file contains demographic and other descriptive information about the students attending the various postsecondary institutions. Among others, it contains student name (SD4040 to SD4050), birth date (SD4230), gender (SD4240), Social Insurance Number (SIN) (SD4020), contact information (SD4060 to SD4180), and characteristics such as whether or not the student has self-identified as an Aboriginal (SD4210). This file contains one (1) record per student per postsecondary institution.

You are requested to provide one (1) record for each student registered at the postsecondary institution at any time between your Start Date of report cycle (ID1005) and the end of your winter term, or the end of your academic year if your postsecondary institution does not have a winter term. Also, include one (1) SD record for a student who graduates during the report cycle, even if the student did not have any course registrations during the report cycle (e.g., the student applies for, and is granted a credential during the current report cycle for work completed in an earlier cycle).

Also, include any students who were last registered in the previous report year and whose status in the program was "Unknown" at the time the previous year's Report was produced. The "Unknown" status refers to element SP5100 on the SP file: Status was unknown (under review or not yet determined or dependent on the completion or grading of courses that normally would have ended by the end of the report cycle). These students should be included in the Report to ensure that Statistics Canada can update their end status.

If the student was registered in more than one (1) program during the report cycle, provide only one (1) SD record and multiple Student Program (SP) records.

There is a logical link between this file and the Student Program (SP) file. The SD file contains one (1) record per student enrolled in a program or who has graduated from a program in the current reporting year.

Table 4
Student Description (SD) File Codes
Table summary
This table displays the results of Table 4: Student Description (SD) File Codes. The information is grouped by Element Number (appearing as row headers), Mnemonic, Name, Description, Codes, Alternate codes, Core, Type, Position and Size (appearing as column headers).
Element Number Mnemonic Name Description Codes Type Position Size
1000 RepStartYear Year of start of report cycle The year in which the current report cycle starts. Assign the same first four (4) digits of the start date of report cycle (as found in element ID1005 on the ID file). YYYY (Year) Text 1-4 4
1010 RepTyp Report type Report F for an entire Full-year reporting period (twelve (12) months). F - Entire Full Year reporting period Text 5 1
1025 Instit Institution code Reporting PSIS postsecondary institution code. Refer to the Postsecondary Institution Codes in Section 4 of the document titled "PSIS Reporting Documentation 2017/2018". Text 6-13 8
4000 StudID Institution's Student Identifier The postsecondary institution's permanent identifier for the student while in this postsecondary institution. Use the same number for this student from year to year. None Text 14-27 14
4010 TStudID Type of Student I.D. Indicates the type of I.D. number reported in the previous element (SD4000). 01 - I.D. number assigned by postsecondary institution independently of any provincial or national numbering system
02 - Provincial student Identification number
Text 28-29 2
4020 SIN Social Insurance Number The student's Social Insurance Number (SIN) if the student is a Canadian citizen or permanent resident. Otherwise, leave blank. Do not report dummy SIN's. SIN's failing the check-digit routine will be deleted at Statistics Canada. 9-digit SIN Text 30-38 9
4030 PNIS_NSN PSIS National Student Number The PSIS respondents currently using this data element to report the provincial student number can continue to use it. None Text 39-68 30
4040 FirstName First name Student's first (given) name. None Text 69-108 40
4041 MidName Middle name(s) and/or initials Student's middle name(s) and/or initials.

If your postsecondary institution stores first name and middle name(s)/initials together as one (1) field, enter both in the previous element (SD4040) and leave this element blank.
None Text 109-148 40
4042 Surname Surname Student's surname (last name). None Text 149-188 40
4050 PrevSurname Previous surname Student's previous surname; e.g., name prior to marriage. If the postsecondary institution stores more than one (1) previous surname report the most recent only. None Text 189-228 40
4060 CurrPostal Current postal/zip code Student's postal or zip code while enrolled in the program or course(s). None Text 229-238 10
4070 CurrCntry Current country of residence Student's country of residence (where the student is living) while enrolled in the program or course(s).

For most students this is Canada, but some students live in the U.S. and commute to Canada for classes, and others study by Distance Education from other countries.
Refer to the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest Codes in Section 4 of the document titled "PSIS Reporting Documentation 2017/2018". Text 239-243 5
4071 CurrCntryTxt Current country of residence (Text) Student's country of residence (where the student is living) as reported in the postsecondary institutions administrative records. Leave this element blank if the country code is reported in the previous element (SD4070). None Text 244-273 30
4080 CurrPhone Current telephone number Student's telephone number while enrolled in the program or course(s). Include the area code. None Text 274-293 20
4090 CurrEmail Current e-mail address Student's Internet e-mail address while enrolled in the program or course(s). None Text 294-373 80
4100 PermLine1 Permanent address line 1 Line 1 of the permanent address reported by the student on their application for admission or the most current address maintained by the postsecondary institution for follow-up surveys of students after graduation. Ensure that city/town, county, province, country and postal or zip code are reported in their own respective elements (SD4110 onwards) and not included in this element or the subsequent address lines. None Text 374-428 55
4101 PermLine2 Permanent address line 2 If applicable, line 2 of the permanent address. Lines 1 and 2 should contain all the address information up to but not including the city/town. See element SD4100 for more details. None Text 429-483 55
4102 PermLine3 Permanent address line 3 If applicable, line 3 of the permanent address. Note that this element is smaller than lines 1 and 2. See element SD4100 for more details. None Text 484-513 30
4103 PermLine4 Permanent address line 4 If applicable, line 4 of the permanent address. Note that this element is smaller than lines 1 and 2. See element SD4100 for more details. None Text 514-543 30
4104 PermLine5 Permanent address line 5 If applicable, line 5 of the permanent address. Note that this element is smaller than lines 1 and 2. See element SD4100 for more details. None Text 544-573 30
4110 PermCity City or town of permanent address City or town of the permanent address reported by the student on their application for admission or the most current city or town of the permanent address maintained by the postsecondary institution for follow-up surveys of students after graduation. None Text 574-608 35
4130 PermProvUpdt Province or state of permanent address (updated) Province or state of the permanent address reported by the student on their application for admission or the most current province or state of the permanent address maintained by the postsecondary institution for follow-up surveys of students after graduation.

Assign ZY (Not applicable) for addresses outside Canada and the U.S.
Refer to the Province and State Codes in Section 4 of the document titled "PSIS Reporting Documentation 2017/2018". Text 648-649 2
4150 PermCntry Country of permanent address Country of the permanent address reported by the student on their application for admission or the most current country of the permanent address maintained by the postsecondary institution for follow-up surveys of students after graduation. Refer to the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest Codes in Section 4 of the document titled "PSIS Reporting Documentation 2017/2018". Text 685-689 5
4151 PermCntryTxt Country of the permanent address (text) Country (text) of the permanent address reported by the student on their application for admission or the most current country (text) of the permanent address maintained by the postsecondary institution for follow-up surveys of students after graduation.

Leave this element blank if the code is reported in the previous element (SD4150).
None Text 690-719 30
4160 PermPostal Postal or zip code of permanent address Postal or zip code of the permanent address. None Text 720-729 10
4180 PermPhone Telephone number at permanent address Telephone number at the permanent address reported by the student on their application for admission or the most current telephone number at the permanent address maintained by the postsecondary institution for follow-up surveys of students after graduation. Area code must be included. None Text 730-749 20
4200 SensRec Sensitive record Identifies sensitive records. Report Code "1 - Yes" only for deceased students or students who might be endangered by being included in a follow-up survey, such as students who are under the witness protection program. If you do not carry this information, assign code "2 - No". 1 - Yes, sensitive record
2 - No
Text 750 1
4210 AborVisMin Aboriginal or visible minority Indicates whether or not the student is an Aboriginal person or a member of a visible minority group, as reported by the student.

A visible minority is defined as someone (other than an Aboriginal person as defined below) who is non-white in colour/race, regardless of place of birth.

An Aboriginal person is defined as someone who is a North American Indian or a member of a First Nation, a Métis or an Inuit. North American Indians or members of a First Nation include status, treaty and registered Indians, as well as non-status and non-registered Indians.

If both characteristics are reported by the student, assign code "2 - Aboriginal ".
1 - Visible Minority
2 - Aboriginal
3 - Not a member of a visible minority or Aboriginal group
4 - First Nations (North American Indians)
5 - Métis
6 - Inuk (Inuit)
7 - Aboriginal, group not specified
8 - Not self-declared Aboriginal
9 - Unknown
Text 751 1
4230 Birth Birth date Student's birth date. If your postsecondary institution uses a fictitious date to represent "Unknown" (e.g., 19010101 or 19000101), do not report the fictitious date here. Leave blank if unknown. YYYYMMDD (YearMonthDay) Text 754-761 8
4240 Gender Gender Student's gender. 1 - Male
2 - Female
3 - Gender diverse
9 - Unknown
Text 762 1
4250 Tongue Mother tongue Mother tongue, defined as the language first learned at home in childhood and still understood. 001 - English
002 - French
123 - Other language
124 - English and French
125 - English and non-official language(s)
126 - French and non-official
language(s)
127 - Eng.,Fr. and non-official
language(s)
999 - Unknown
Text 763-765 3
4280 Citiz Country of citizenship Country of citizenship as of the end of the report cycle (end of winter term).

For permanent resident (formerly called "landed immigrant"), code the country of which the student is currently a citizen, not Canada.

For students with dual citizenship, one of which is Canadian, code Canada.

For students from a colony or a dependency, code the colony or dependency and not the parent country; for example, code St. Pierre-et-Miquelon as the country of citizenship for students from that dependency even though France is the country from which they hold citizenship.

If a student is registered in a department, faculty or division of continuing education or adult training extension, and the information on the country of citizenship is not available, code Canada as country of citizenship.
Refer to the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest Codes in Section 4 of the document titled "PSIS Reporting Documentation 2017/2018". Text 792-796 5
4281 CitizTxt Country of citizenship (text) Country (text) of citizenship as stored in the postsecondary institution's files. Leave this element blank if the code is reported in the previous element (SD4280). N/a Text 797-826 30
4290 ImmStat Immigration status of student The student's immigration status as of the end of the report cycle (end of winter term).

If a student is registered in a department, faculty or division of continuing education or adult training extension, and the information on the immigration status of the student is not available, code "0 - Canadian citizen" as immigration status of the student.
0 - Canadian citizen (including Inuit, North American Indian and Métis)
1 - Permanent resident (formerly called landed immigrant)
2 - Student Visa: a permit obtained by a student to enter Canada for the sole purpose of attending an educational postsecondary institution
3 - Other visa: including students who are in Canada on diplomatic, trade or other missions
4 - Non-Canadian, status unknown: refugees and other foreign students in Canada whose status is unknown
5 - Non-Canadian, no visa status (as student is studying outside Canada; e.g., by Internet or at an offshore campus).
6 - Refugee
7 - Non-Canadian, status unknown
9 - Unknown
Text 827 1
4370 PermProv1st Permanent province of residence declared upon admission Permanent province or state of residence reported by the student on their application at admission.

For Canadian citizens and permanent residents, report the permanent home province in Canada as follows:
(a) For those students entering your institution immediately after high school/Cégep completion (i.e., within the last twelve (12) months), report the province of the last high school/Cégep attended.
(b) For all other students (i.e., not coming immediately after high school/Cégep completion), report the province of permanent home address on the date of application for admission.

The information should not be updated for students who were enrolled at the reporting postsecondary institution within the last twelve (12) months (returning/on-going students). However, the information for this element should be updated for students who were not enrolled at the reporting postsecondary institution within the last twelve (12) months but had attended the reporting postsecondary institution at some time in the past (re-entering students).

This element may or may not be the same as Province or state of the permanent address (element SD4130) declared on the SD file.

The element SD4130 requires the permanent address maintained by the postsecondary institution for follow-up surveys of students after graduation.

No blanks permitted.
Refer to the Province and State Codes in Section 4 of the document titled "PSIS Reporting Documentation 2017/2018". Text 937-938 2
4400 ProvSD Provincial SD elements Provincial ministries wanting to define additional elements for provincial reporting can use this composite element.

Leave any unused portion blank.
Components and codes as defined by provincial ministry Text 939-1018 80

Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS)
Student Program (SP) File

The following data elements are required to identity unique records: Year of Start of Report Cycle (SP1000), Institution Code (SP1025), Institution's Student Identifier (SP4000), Student's Program Code (SP2000), Credential Type (SP2010), and Original Start Date in Program (SP5010)

Record Layout, Files, and Data Elements Descriptions

The Student Program (SP) file contains one (1) record for each program in which the student was enrolled during the reporting cycle. The student program record includes the original dates in which the student started/ended a program (SP5010, SP5090), student status in program at end of report cycle (SP5100), specialization or major field of study (SP5015 to SP5021), total transfer credits (SP5220), fees billed (SP5190 to SP5200), cumulative credits for program (SP5230) and other characteristics of the student's program as recorded by the postsecondary institution.

Report one (1) SP record for each program in which the student is registered at any time during the report cycle. Also, include one (1) SP record for a student who graduates during the report cycle, even if the student did not have any course registrations during the report cycle (e.g., the student applies for and is granted a credential during the current report cycle for work completed in an earlier cycle).

If the student was registered in more than one (1) program during the report cycle, provide only one (1) SD record and multiple Student Program (SP) records.

There is a logical link between this file and the Institution Program (IP) file. Each program code reported on the SP file must be present on the IP file. In addition, there is a logical link between this file and the Student Description (SD) file. Each student record reported on the SD file must be associated with at least one (1) program record on the SP file.

Universities that store their program data with separate fields for degree and specialization(s) or major field(s) of study should report the student's degree in element SP2000 and the student's specialization(s) or major field(s) of study in elements SP5015, SP5016 and SP5017.

For programs that award two (2) credentials, please consult the "Joint credential program" entry of the Reporting Guide for Program Type and Credential Type.

If the student is taking courses without being registered in a program, do not omit the student from the SP file. Create one (1) SP record with a non-program code in element SP2000 to match the non-program record created on the IP file. Follow the instructions in the other elements of the SP file for the assignment of "Not applicable" codes for this non-program record. Please refer to the "Program type" and "Non-credit" entries of the Reporting Guide for Program Type and Credential Type for additional information on the non-program records.

Table 5
Student Program (SP) File
Table summary
This table displays the results of Table 5: Student Program (SP) File. The information is grouped by Element Number (appearing as row headers), Mnemonic, Name, Codes, Alternate codes, Core, Type, Position and Size (appearing as column headers).
Element Number Mnemonic Name Description Codes Type Position Size
1000 RepStartYear Year of start of report cycle The year in which the current report cycle starts. Assign the same first four (4) digits of the start date of the report cycle (as found in element ID1005 on the ID file). YYYY (Year) Text 1-4 4
1025 Instit Institution code Reporting PSIS postsecondary institution code. Refer to the Postsecondary Institution Codes in Section 4 of the document titled "PSIS Reporting Documentation 2017/2018". Text 6-13 8
4000 StudID Institution's Student Identifier The postsecondary institution's permanent identifier for the student while in this postsecondary institution. Use the same identifier for this student from year to year.

There must be a record on the SD file for this student.

Report one (1) SP record for each program in which the student is registered at any time during the report cycle.
None Text 14-27 14
2000 ProgCode Student's program code The student's program code as stored in the postsecondary institution's administrative files. There must be one (1) record on the IP file for this program; i.e., this code must be present in element IP2000 on the IP file.

For students taking courses without being registered in a program, create one (1) SP non-program record for each of the appropriate non-program categories. Note that there must be a corresponding record on the Institution program (IP) file in element IP2000. Follow the instructions in the other elements for the assignment of "Not applicable" codes. Please refer to the "Program type" and "Non-credit" entries of the Reporting Guide for Program Type and Credential Type for additional information on the non-program records.

Universities that store their program data with separate fields for degree and specialization(s) or major field(s) of study should report the student's degree in element IP/SP2000 and the student's specialization(s) or major field(s) of study in elements SP5015, SP5016 and SP5017.
None Text 28-47 20
2010 CredenTyp Credential type The type of formal qualification awarded for successful completion of a program, excluding certificates of attendance.

A "qualification" acknowledges successful completion of a program of study containing evaluative components. A "formal qualification" is a qualification that is recognized by an official body such as ministries of education, boards of governors or other ministry appointed bodies, federal departments or ministries, industry associations or sectors, apprenticeship and trades commissions, regulatory bodies or licensing agencies.

See element IP2010 for more details.

The combination of information of the previous data element (SP2000) and this one must also be present on the IP file in data elements IP2000 and IP2010.
01 - General Equivalency Diploma/high school diploma
02 - Certificate
03 - Diploma
04 - Degree (includes applied degree)
10 - Attestation and other short program credentials
11 - Associate degree
97 - Other type of credential associated with a program
98 - Not applicable
Text 48-49 2
5010 ProgStart Original start date in program The date the student started (first enrolled or registered) in the program as defined in element SP2000 above. Report the date the student originally started in the program, not the date the student continued in the current report cycle. The start date will remain unchanged for subsequent enrolments by the same student in the same program, even if the student quits the program and then resumes it. For a student who completed a common first year and is now enrolled in the next phase of the program, report the start date of the common first year.

Do not leave this data element blank.

For students in non-programs, report the first date the student registered for courses in the non-program.
YYYYMMDD (YearMonthDay) Text 50-57 8
5015 Major1 First specialization or major field of study The student's first specialization or major field of study code as stored in the postsecondary institution's administrative files. Do not report "minors".
Postsecondary institutions that assign unique program codes for each combination of Degree and Specialization/Major(s) should report those codes as part of element SP2000 and leave elements SP5015, SP5016 and SP5017 blank.

Leave this data element blank for students in non-programs.
None Text 58-67 10
5016 Major2 Second specialization or major field of study The student's second specialization or major field of study code as stored in the postsecondary institution's administrative files. Do not report "minors".
Postsecondary institutions that assign unique program codes for each combination of Degree and Specialization/Major(s) should report those codes as part of element SP2000 and leave elements SP5015, SP5016 and SP5017 blank.

Leave this data element blank for students in non-programs.
None Text 68-77 10
5070 Co_op Co-op program indicator Indicates whether the student was classified as a Co-op student in this program as of the end of the report cycle (end of winter term). A co-operative education program is a program that formally integrates a student's academic studies with work experience in their field of study. Students in a co-op program will alternate periods of time spent in school with paid work in business, industry, or government.
Assign "1 - Yes" for all Co-op students whether they are on work terms or in class at the end of the report cycle.

For students in non-programs, report code "8 - Not applicable".
1 - Yes
2 - No
8 - Not applicable (non-program)
9 - Unknown
Text 238 1
5085 RegStat Student's registration status Registration status (full-time/part-time) of all students enrolled at the postsecondary institution at the time of the fall snapshot date, that is, a single date chosen by the institution which falls from September 30 to December 1. A student is considered to be enrolled if they are registered in at least one (1) educational activity (course or other learning activity) on the day of the fall snapshot.

The designation of full-time versus part-time registration status is defined by the reporting postsecondary institution.

If a student is not registered on the fall snapshot date, assign code "98 - Not applicable".

For students in non-programs, they are unlikely to be coded to "01 - Full-time".
01 - Full-time student
02 - Part-time student
98 - Not applicable (not registered on this date)
Text 246-247 2
5090 ProgEnd End date in program The date the student completed or withdrew from the program or else transferred to another program. This element refers to the entire program, not just the component taken during the report cycle.

If the next element (SP5100) is coded "02 - Successfully completed" or "04 - Graduated from program", give the date the program was completed. If SP5100 is coded 05, 06, 07 or 08, give the date the student ended the program or transferred to another program. Otherwise, leave this element blank.
YYYYMMDD (YearMonthDay) Text 250-257 8
5100 ProgEndStat Status in program at end of report cycle The student's status in the program as of the end of the report cycle, as known by the postsecondary institution.

If the student completed the program during the report cycle by meeting the minimum academic requirements to receive credit for the whole program, and the graduation date is more than one (1) month after the end of the report cycle, assign code "02 - Successfully completed" and report the program end date in element SP5090 ProgEnd.

If the graduation date is before or within one (1) month of the end of the report cycle, assign code "04 - Graduated from program" and report the program end date in element SP5090 ProgEnd as well as graduation date in element SP5120 GradDate.

If the student's status was under review or dependent on the completion or grading of courses which would normally have ended by the end of the report cycle, assign "99 - Status Unknown". Note: A student with "99 - Status Unknown" is to be included in the next report cycle with an updated program end status.

If the student enrols in the next phase of program (e.g. at the end of report cycle, the student is registered to return next fall), assign code "01- Eligible to enrol in next phase of program". Note: For students completing a prerequisite program (e.g., common first year), assign code 01.

If the student is enrolled in a program and the current year registration continues through the end of the report cycle, assign code "03 - Still enrolled in program".

If the student has not completed the program and will probably not be continuing in or returning to the program, assign code 05, 06, 07 or 08. For students who have transferred to another program within the same faculty or to another faculty, assign code "06 - Withdrew from program" and report the transfer date in SP5090 ProgEnd. Students under suspension as of the end of the report cycle should be coded "07 - Not eligible to enrol at same institution" even if the suspension is likely to be lifted later.

If a student is enrolled in a non-program, assign code '98 - Not-applicable".
01 - Eligible to enrol in next phase of program
02 - Successfully completed course-work requirements for whole program but had not officially graduated as of date PSIS files were produced
03 - Still enrolled in program (registration continued through end date of report cycle)
04 - Graduated from program (officially received qualification at the end of the report cycle)
05 - Not eligible to enrol in same program
06 - Withdrew from program (e.g., discontinued studies in program) or transferred to another program within the same faculty or not, at the same institution
07 - Not eligible to enrol at same institution or under suspension
08 - Student deceased
96 - Other
98 - Not applicable (non-program)
99 - Status unknown (under review or not yet determined when the PSIS files were produced)
Text 258-259 2
5120 GradDate Convocation or graduation date The date the student received the degree, diploma or certificate for completing the program. The graduation date reported must be within the reporting cycle or within one (1) month of the end of the report cycle. Students coded "04 - Graduated from program" in the previous element (SP5100 ProgEndStat) must have a convocation or graduation date reported.

Leave blank if the student is not in a program that leads to a credential.
YYYYMMDD (YearMonthDay) Text 260-267 8
5220 TotTranCred Total transfer credits The total number of credits or units of academic achievement granted by this postsecondary institution toward this program for education taken at other postsecondary institutions, including prior learning assessment (PLA). Report the total number granted from the time the student first enrolled in the program until the end of the report cycle. Use the same units of measure as reported in elements IP2080 or IP2081 on the IP file (credits needed to graduate). Leave blank for students not in a program or in non-credit programs or programs with no set credit or course requirements. Blank or numeric value with decimal point and two (2) decimal places. Numeric 300-307 8
5230 TotCred Cumulative credits for program The cumulative number of credits or units granted to the student for this program as of the end of the report cycle. Report the total number granted from the time the student first enrolled in the program until the end of the current report cycle. Include credits earned at this postsecondary institution and transfer credits reported in the previous element (SP5220). Use the same units of measure as reported in element IP2080 or IP2081 on the Institution Program (IP) File (credits needed to graduate). Leave blank for students not in a program or in non-credit programs or programs with no set credit or course requirements. Blank or numeric value with decimal point and two (2) decimal places. Numeric 308-315 8
5300 ProvSP Provincial SP elements Provincial ministries wanting to define additional elements for provincial reporting can use this composite element. Leave any unused portion of the 80 characters blank. Components and codes as defined by provincial ministry Text 316-395 80
5400 CIPCodeRep Classification of Instructional Programs code reported The CIP code assigned to the student's program by the provincial ministry or other administrative body to identify the field of study of the program according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016
Leave this element blank in the following cases:
• If you do not assign these codes
• For students in non-programs.

CIP codes reported here may be referred to along with other program information in finalizing the CIP code that Statistics Canada will assign to the student program.
It will not necessarily be used as the final code, unless specific discussions and agreements have first taken place with Statistics Canada.
Verify if codes reported by provincial ministry correspond with the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016 Text 396-402 7

Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS)
Student Course (SC) File

The following data elements are required to identity unique records: Year of Start of Report Cycle (SC1000), Institution Code (SC1025), Institution's Student Identifier (SC4000), Student's Course Code (SC3000), Date Student Started Course (SC6020), and Number or Code of Student's Course Section (SC6070)

Record Layout, Files, and Data Elements Descriptions

The Student Course (SC) file contains one (1) record for each course in which the student was enrolled during the reporting cycle. Also, include one (1) course record for students that are registered either in a CO-OP work term, writing a thesis, or performing any other academic activities related to their program but not structured as a course. The student course record includes the dates which the student started/ended the course (SC6020, SC6021), status in course at end of report cycle (SC6030), the credits student would receive for course (SC6060), tuition fees billed for course (SC6040) and other characteristics of the student's course as recorded by the postsecondary institution.

Report one (1) SC record for each course in which the student is registered at any time during the report cycle after the final day for course additions and deletions (as defined by your postsecondary institution: usually about two (2) weeks after classes begin). Exclude courses for which the student is wait listed. Also, exclude courses for which the student was not registered and did not actually attend, even if the student received credit for the course by means of a challenge or by some other administrative method.

There is a logical link between this file and the Institution Course (IC) file. Each course code reported on the SC file must be present on the IC file. In addition, there is a logical link between this file and the Student Program (SP) file. Each program in which the student was enrolled (SP file) must be associated with at least one (1) course record on the SC file. The SP record for a student who graduates during the report cycle and for which the student did not have any course registrations during the report cycle (e.g., the student applies for and is granted a credential during the current report cycle for work completed in an earlier cycle) should not have an associated SC record.

Table 6
Student Course (SC) File
Table summary
This table displays the results of Table 6: Student Course (SC) File. The information is grouped by Element Number (appearing as row headers), Mnemonic, Name, Codes, Alternate codes, Core, Type, Position and Size (appearing as column headers).
Element Number Mnemonic Name Description Codes Type Position Size
1000 RepStartYear Year of start of report cycle The year in which the current report cycle starts. Assign the same first four (4) digits of the start date of the report cycle (element ID1005 on the ID file). YYYY (Year) Text 1-4 4
1025 Instit Institution code Reporting PSIS postsecondary institution code. Refer to the Postsecondary Institution Codes in Section 4 of the document titled "PSIS Reporting Documentation 2017/2018". Text 6-13 8
4000 StudID Institution's Student Identifier The postsecondary institution's permanent identifier for the student while in this postsecondary institution. Use the same number for this student from year to year.
There must be a record on the Student Description (SD) File for this student.
None Text 14-27 14
3000 CourCode Student's course code The unique code for the course as it is stored in the postsecondary institution's administrative files. All course codes on this file must also be present in element IC3000 on the IC file. Include a course record for students that are registered either in a CO-OP work term, writing a thesis, or performing any other academic activities related to their program but not structured as a course. Also include non-credit courses. See element IC3000 on the IC file for more details.

Report each course the student was enrolled in after the final day for course additions and deletions (as defined by the postsecondary institution: usually about two (2) weeks after classes begin). Exclude courses for which the student is wait listed. Also, exclude courses for which the student was not registered and did not actually attend, even if the student received credit for the course by means of a challenge or by some other administrative method.

Include courses taken under a formal brokering agreement (see element SC6080) only if the course is present in your postsecondary institution's inventory of courses as given on the IC file. Exclude courses taken at another postsecondary institution for which you do not have a course record on your IC file.
None Text 28-47 20
1035 CourPer Period in which course was delivered to student The period (session, term or other interval) that describes when the course was delivered to the student. Use your code or name as defined in element ID1035 of the ID record. This element combined with the next one (ID1036) must be present on the ID file. The postsecondary institution's code or name of the period as reported in element ID1035 of the ID file Text 48-53 6
1036 CourSubPer Sub-period in which course was delivered to student The sub-period that best describes when the course was delivered to the student. Use your code or name as defined in element ID1036 of the ID record. This element combined with the previous one (ID1035) must be present on the ID file. The postsecondary institution's code or name of the period as reported in element ID1036 of the ID file Text 54-59 6
6020 CourStart Date student started course The date the student started the course. This date may be before the start of the report cycle.
Do not leave this element blank. If the actual date the student started the course is not recorded in the postsecondary institution's student record, use the start date of the course as it appears in the postsecondary institution's timetable.
YYYYMMDD (YearMonthDay) Text 60-67 8
6021 CourEnd Date student ended course The date for which the student withdrew from, has completed or will complete the course. If the course extends beyond the end of the report cycle, report the date the course will end.

If the date for which the student has completed or will complete the course is not recorded in the postsecondary institution's student record, use the end date of the course as it appears in your timetable or calendar, or estimate when the course would end for a full-time student taking the course by traditional course delivery. Leave this element blank only if the student has not yet completed the course and the end date cannot be predicted because the course has no set duration, such as a thesis or a course in which the student continues until achieving a certain mastery level.
YYYYMMDD (YearMonthDay) Text 68-75 8
6030 CourEndStat Status in course at end of report cycle The student's status in the course at the end of the report cycle. A student who completes a course and has met the minimum academic requirements to receive credit for the course should be assigned code "01 - Successfully completed". If the course extends beyond the end of the report cycle, assign code "02 - Still enrolled". If the student is repeating the course to improve his grade, report the end status as if the student were taking the course for normal credit.
Assign code "98 - Not applicable" only for non-credit courses.
01 - Successfully completed
02 - Still enrolled
03 - Withdrew without academic penalty
04 - Did not complete (failed course or withdrew with academic penalty)
05 - Not applicable (student audited course)
07 - Student deceased
96 - Other
98 - Not applicable (non-credit course)
99 - Status unknown (incomplete or under review or not yet determined)
Text 76-77 2
6300 ProvSC Provincial SC elements Provincial ministries wanting to define additional elements for provincial reporting can use this composite element. Leave any unused portion of the 80 characters blank. Components and codes as defined by provincial ministry Text 179-258 80
Table B
Reporting of acceptable combinations between Credential type (IP2010/SP2010) and Program type (IP2015)
Program Type (IP2015) Credential type (IP2010/SP2010)
1 2 3 4 10 11 97 98
1 Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes
10 No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes
20 No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes
21 No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes
22 No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes
30 No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes
40 No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes
46 No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
47 No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes
50 No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes
53 No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes
58 No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes
59 No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes
62 No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes
63 No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes
89 No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes
91 No No No No No No No Yes
92 No No No No No No No Yes
93 No No No No No No No Yes
94 No No No No No No No Yes

For the 2017/2018 report cycle, the submission deadline is February 1st, 2019.

If you have any questions, please contact us by e-mail at statcan.PSIS-SIEP.statcan@statcan.gc.ca

Inter-city indexes of price differentials, of consumer goods and services

Methodology

Inter-city indexes of price differentials of consumer goods and services show estimates of price differences between 14 Canadian cities in all provinces and territories excluding Nunavut, as of October 2017. These estimates are based on a selection of products (goods and services) purchased by consumers in each of the 14 cities.

In order to produce optimal inter-city indexes, product comparisons were initially made by pairing cities that are in close geographic proximity. The resulting price level comparisons were then extended to include comparisons between all of the cities, using a chaining procedure. The following initial pairings were used:

St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
Halifax, Nova Scotia
Charlottetown-Summerside, Prince Edward Island
Halifax, Nova Scotia
Saint John, New Brunswick
Halifax, Nova Scotia
Halifax, Nova Scotia
Ottawa, Ontario
Montréal, Quebec
Toronto, Ontario
Ottawa, Ontario
Toronto, Ontario
Toronto, Ontario
Winnipeg, Manitoba
Regina, Saskatchewan
Winnipeg, Manitoba
Edmonton, Alberta
Winnipeg, Manitoba
Vancouver, British Columbia
Edmonton, Alberta
Calgary, Alberta
Edmonton, Alberta
Whitehorse, Yukon
Edmonton, Alberta
Yellowknife, Northwest Territories
Edmonton, Alberta

Reliable inter-city price comparisons require that the selected products be very similar across cities. This ensures that the variation in index levels between cities is due to pure price differences and not to differences in the attributes of the products, such as size and/or quality.

Within each city pair, product price quotes were matched on the basis of detailed descriptions. Whenever possible, products were matched by brand, quantity and with some regard for the comparability of retail outlets from which they were selected.

Additionally, the target prices for this study are final prices and as such, include all sales taxes and levies applied to consumer products within a city. This can be an important source of variation when explaining differences in inter-city price levels.

It should be noted that price data for the inter-city indexes are drawn from the sample of monthly price data collected for the Consumer Price Index (CPI). Given that the CPI sample is optimized to produce accurate price comparisons through time, and not across regions, the number of matched price quotes between cities can be small. It should also be noted that, especially in periods when prices are highly volatile, the timing of the product price comparison can significantly affect city-to-city price relationships.

The weights used to aggregate the different product indexes within a city are based on the combined consumption expenditures of households living in the 14 cities tracked. As such, one set of weights is used for all 14 cities. Currently, 2015 expenditures are used to derive the weights. These expenditures are expressed in October 2017 prices.

The inter-city index for a particular city is compared to the weighted average of all 14 cities, which is equal to 100. For example, an index value of 102 for a particular city means that prices for the measured commodities are 2% higher than the weighted, combined city average.

These estimates should not be interpreted as a measure of differences in the cost of living between cities. The indexes provide price comparisons for a selection of products only, and are not meant to give an exhaustive comparison of all goods and services purchased by consumers. Additionally, the shelter price concept used for these indexes is not conducive to making cost-of-living type comparisons between cities (see below).

Additional Information on Shelter

Shelter prices were absent from the inter-city index program prior to 1999 because of methodological and conceptual issues associated with their measurement. The diverse nature of shelter means that accurate matches between cities are often difficult to make.

To account for some of these difficulties, a rental equivalence approach is used to construct the inter-city price indexes for owned accommodation. Such an approach uses market rents as an approximation to the cost of the shelter services consumed by homeowners. It is important to note that this approach may not be suitable for the needs of all users. For instance, since the rental equivalence approach does not represent an out-of-pocket expenditure, the indexes should not be used for measuring differences in the purchasing power of homeowners across cities.

The relatively small size of the housing market in Whitehorse and Yellowknife makes it difficult to construct reliable price indexes for rented accommodation and owned accommodation. To compensate, housing information is collected using different pricing frequencies and collection methods than in the rest of the country. Consequently, users should exercise caution when using the indexes for rented accommodation and owned accommodation for these two cities.

Retail Commodity Survey: CVs for Total Sales (first quarter 2018)

Retail Commodity Survey: CVs for Total Sales (first quarter 2018)
Table summary
This table displays the results of Retail Commodity Survey: CVs for Total Sales (first quarter 2018). The information is grouped by NAPCS-CANADA (appearing as row headers), and Quarter (appearing as column headers).
NAPCS-CANADA Quarter
2017Q1 2017Q2 2017Q3 2017Q4 2018Q1
Total commodities, retail trade commissions and miscellaneous services 0.59 0.69 0.40 0.85 0.48
Retail Services (except commissions) [561] 0.59 0.68 0.39 0.84 0.48
Food at retail [56111] 0.64 0.90 0.81 1.50 1.45
Soft drinks and alcoholic beverages, at retail [56112] 0.72 0.70 0.68 0.96 0.65
Clothing at retail [56121] 0.80 0.73 0.76 0.80 0.84
Footwear at retail [56122] 1.37 1.22 1.29 1.13 1.59
Jewellery and watches, luggage and briefcases, at retail [56123] 1.61 1.29 2.38 1.51 9.49
Home furniture, furnishings, housewares, appliances and electronics, at retail [56131] 0.83 1.46 1.28 0.82 0.86
Sporting and leisure products, at retail [56141] 1.94 2.15 1.31 1.66 1.64
Motor vehicles at retail [56151] 1.22 2.04 1.03 1.04 0.94
Recreational vehicles at retail [56152] 3.51 4.42 2.10 2.74 3.46
Motor vehicle parts, accessories and supplies, at retail [56153] 1.40 1.90 1.09 0.98 1.09
Automotive and household fuels, at retail [56161] 1.91 1.89 1.90 4.88 1.69
Home health products at retail [56171] 4.31 2.03 2.09 4.28 2.13
Infant care, personal and beauty products, at retail [56172] 7.60 2.89 2.08 4.08 2.24
Hardware, tools, renovation and lawn and garden products, at retail [56181] 2.19 1.45 1.02 1.02 1.58
Miscellaneous products at retail [56191] 2.12 2.16 2.09 2.25 1.96
Total retail trade commissions and miscellaneous services1 1.56 1.91 1.51 2.09 1.66
1Comprises the following North American Product Classification System (NAPCS): 56211, 58122, 58141, 57111, 841, 58121, 58111, 53112 and 58131.

Retail Trade Survey (Monthly): CVs for Total sales by geography - May 2018

CVs for Total Sales by Geography
Table summary
This table displays the results of CVs for Total Sales by Geography. The information is grouped by Geography (appearing as row headers), Month, 201805 calculated using percentage units of measure (appearing as column headers).
Geography Month
201805
%
Canada 0.53
Newfoundland and Labrador 1.57
Prince Edward Island 1.48
Nova Scotia 1.9
New Brunswick 1.4
Québec 1.05
Ontario 1.12
Manitoba 1.64
Saskatchewan 1.98
Alberta 1
British Columbia 1.2
Yukon Territory 1.31
Northwest Territories 0.07
Nunavut 0.68

Food Services and Drinking Places (Monthly): CVs for Total Sales by Geography - May 2017 to May 2018

CVs for Total Sales by Geography
Table summary
This table displays the results of CVs for Total Sales by Geography. The information is grouped by geography (appearing as row headers), Month, 201705, 201706, 201707, 201708, 201709, 201710, 201711, 201712, 201801, 201802, 201803, 201804 and 201805 (appearing as column headers), calculated using percentage unit of measure (appearing as column headers).
Geography Month
201705 201706 201707 201708 201709 201710 201711 201712 201801 201802 201803 201804 201805
percentage
Canada 0.64 0.59 0.64 0.58 0.58 0.57 0.58 0.58 0.68 0.64 0.62 0.64 0.65
Newfoundland and Labrador 1.47 1.17 1.44 1.10 1.24 1.54 1.08 1.38 1.34 1.45 1.37 1.03 1.30
Prince Edward Island 1.35 3.10 4.15 4.95 6.04 4.27 2.96 3.23 2.71 1.70 3.38 3.22 3.78
Nova Scotia 2.34 3.40 4.44 2.94 2.63 2.62 3.14 2.48 2.32 3.45 3.37 3.42 2.15
New Brunswick 1.15 1.74 2.02 1.11 1.71 1.46 1.37 3.04 2.58 2.67 2.26 2.41 1.35
Québec 1.12 1.05 1.39 1.09 1.18 1.22 1.26 1.29 1.49 1.37 1.29 1.34 1.22
Ontario 1.22 1.11 1.11 1.02 1.03 1.01 1.04 1.01 1.24 1.15 1.18 1.12 1.23
Manitoba 1.63 1.88 1.69 1.37 2.21 1.80 1.98 2.21 2.36 2.36 2.02 2.17 1.81
Saskatchewan 1.27 1.37 1.25 1.27 1.48 1.50 1.43 1.43 1.29 1.51 1.46 1.58 1.32
Alberta 1.09 0.88 1.22 1.07 1.33 1.15 1.04 0.99 1.25 0.96 0.94 1.13 1.13
British Columbia 1.94 1.87 1.90 1.94 1.75 1.68 1.63 1.78 1.96 1.86 1.77 1.94 1.89
Yukon Territory 2.91 3.52 2.92 2.18 3.58 2.89 1.19 3.01 3.58 2.77 2.38 1.75 1.73
Northwest Territories 0.64 0.68 0.69 0.96 0.97 0.99 1.03 1.15 1.12 1.10 1.25 1.51 1.56
Nunavut 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.91 0.63 1.43