Architectural services and landscape architectural services: CVs for operating revenue - 2016
Table summary
This table displays the results of Architectural services and landscape architectural services: CVs for operating revenue - 2016. The information is grouped by Regions (appearing as row headers), CVs for operating revenue, calculated using percent units of measure (appearing as column headers).
The Ecological Land Classification 2017 provides standard names and codes for Canada's ecozones, ecoprovinces, ecoregions and ecodistricts. The hierarchical structure of the classification shows the relationship between the levels of the classification.
For the purpose of this survey, please report information for your 12 month fiscal period for which the Final day occurs on or between April 1, 2017 – March 31, 2018.
May 1, 2016 – April 30, 2017
June 1, 2016 – May 31, 2017
July 1, 2016 – June 30, 2017
August 1, 2016 – July 31, 2017
September 1, 2016 – August 31, 2017
October 1, 2016 – September 30, 2017
November 1, 2016 – October 31, 2017
December 1, 2016 – November 30, 2017
January 1, 2017 – December 31, 2017
February 1, 2017 – January 31, 2018
March 1, 2017 – February 28, 2018
April 1, 2017 – March 31, 2018
Here are other examples of fiscal periods that fall within the required dates:
September 18, 2016 to September 15, 2017 (e.g., floating year-end)
June 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017 (e.g., a newly opened business)
Dollar amounts
all dollar amounts reported should be rounded to thousands of Canadian dollars (e.g., $6,555,444.00 should be rounded to $6,555);
exclude sales tax;
your best estimates are acceptable when precise figures are not available;
if there are no capital expenditures, please enter '0'.
Definitions
What are Capital Expenditures?
Capital Expenditures are the gross expenditures on fixed assets for use in the operations of your organization or for lease or rent to others.
Include:
Cost of all new buildings, engineering, machinery and equipment which normally have a life of more than one year and are charged to fixed asset accounts
Modifications, acquisitions and major renovations
Capital costs such as feasibility studies, architectural, legal, installation and engineering fees
Subsidies
Capitalized interest charges on loans with which capital projects are financed
Work done by own labour force
Additions to work in progress
How to Treat Leases
Include:
assets acquired as a lessee through either a capital or financial lease;
assets acquired for lease to others as an operating lease.
Exclude
assets acquired for lease to others, either as a capital or financial lease.
Information for Government Departments
The following applies to government departments only:
Include
all capital expenditures without taking into account the capitalization threshold of your department;
Grants and/or subsidies to outside entities (e.g., municipalities, agencies, institutions or businesses) are to be excluded;
Departments are requested to exclude from reported figures budgetary items pertaining to any departmental agency and proprietary crown corporation as they are surveyed separately;
Federal departments are to report expenditures paid for by the department, regardless of which department awarded the contract;
Provincial departments are to include any capital expenditures on construction (exclude outlays for land) or machinery and equipment, for use in Canada, financed from revolving funds, loans attached to revolving funds, other loans, the Consolidated Revenue Fund or special accounts.
Industry characteristics
Report the value of the projects expected to be put in place during the year. Include the gross expenditures(including subsidies) on fixed assets for use in the operations of your organization or for lease or rent to others. Include all capital costs such as feasibility studies, architectural, legal, installation and engineering fees as well as work done by your own labour force. Include all additions to work in progress.
New Assets, Renovation, Retrofit, includes both existing assets being upgraded and acquisitions of new assets
The following explanations are not applicable to government departments:
include - Capitalized interest charges on loans with which capital projects are financed
exclude - If you are capitalizing your leased fixed assets as a lessee in accordance with the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants' recommendations, please exclude the total of the capitalization of such leases during the year from capital expenditures
Purchase of Used Canadian Assets
Definition: Used fixed assets may be defined as existing buildings, structures or machinery and equipment which have been previously used by another organization in Canada that you have acquired during the time period being reported on this questionnaire.
Explanation: The objective of our survey is to measure gross annual new acquisitions to fixed assets separately from the acquisition of gross annual used fixed assets in the Canadian economy as a whole.
Hence, the acquisition of a used fixed Canadian asset should be reported separately since such acquisitions would not change the aggregates of our domestic inventory of fixed assets, it would simply mean a transfer of assets within Canada from one organization to another.
Imports of used assets, on the other hand, should be included with the new assets (Column 1) because they are newly acquired for the Canadian economy.
Work in Progress
Work in progress represents accumulated costs since the start of capital projects which are intended to be capitalized upon completion.
Typically capital investment includes any expenditure on an asset in which its' life is greater than one year. Capital items charged to operating expenses are defined as expenditures which could have been capitalized as part of the fixed assets, but for various reasons, have been charged to current expenses.
Land
Capital expenditures for land should include all costs associated with the purchase of the land that are not amortized or depreciated.
Residential Construction
Report the value of residential structures including the housing portion of multi-purpose projects and of townsites with the following Exceptions:
buildings that have accommodation units without self-contained or exclusive use of bathroom and kitchen facilities (e.g., some student and senior citizen residences)
the non-residential portion of multi-purpose projects and of townsites
associated expenditures on services
The exceptions should be included in the appropriate construction (e.g., non-residential) asset.
Non-Residential Building Construction (excluding land purchase and residential construction)
Report the total cost incurred during the year of building and engineering construction (contract and by own employees) whether for your own use or rent to others. Include also:
the cost of demolition of buildings, land servicing and of site-preparation
leasehold and land improvements
townsite facilities, such as streets, sewers, stores, schools
Non-residential engineering construction
Report the total cost incurred during the year of engineering construction (contract and by own employees) whether for your own use or rent to others. Include also:
the cost of demolition of buildings, land servicing and of site-preparation
oil or gas pipelines, including pipe and installation costs
all preconstruction planning and design costs such as engineer and consulting fees and any materials supplied to construction contractors for installation, etc.
communication engineering, including transmission support structures, cables and lines, etc.
electric power engineering, including wind and solar plants, nuclear production plants, power distribution networks, etc.
Machinery and Equipment
Report total cost incurred during the year of all new machinery, whether for your own use or for lease or rent to others. Any capitalized tooling should also be included. Include progress payments paid out before delivery in the year in which such payments are made. Receipts from the sale of your own fixed assets or allowance for scrap or trade-in should not be deducted from your total capital expenditures. Any balance owing or holdbacks should be reported in the year the cost is incurred.
Include:
automobiles, trucks, professional and scientific equipment, office and store furniture and appliances
computers (hardware and software), broadcasting, telecommunication and other information and communication technology equipment
motors, generators, transformers
any capitalized tooling expenses
progress payments paid out before delivery in the year in which such payments are made
any balance owing or holdbacks should be reported in the year the cost is incurred
Software
Capital expenditures for software should include all costs associated with the purchase of software.
Include:
Pre-packaged software
Custom software developed in-house/own account
Custom software design and development, contracted out
Research and Development
Research and experimental development (R&D) comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge – including knowledge of humankind, culture and society – and to devise new applications of available knowledge.
For an activity to be an R&D activity, it must satisfy five core criteria:
To be aimed at new findings (novel);
To be based on original, not obvious, concepts and hypothesis (creative);
To be uncertain about the final outcome (uncertainty);
To be planned and budgeted (systematic);
To lead to results to could be possibly reproduced (transferable/ or reproducible).
The term R&D covers three types of activity: basic research, applied research and experimental development. Basic research is experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundations of phenomena and observable facts, without any particular application or use in view. Applied research is original investigation undertaken in order to acquire new knowledge. It is, however, directed primarily towards a specific, practical aim or objective. Experimental development is systematic work, drawing on knowledge gained from research and practical experience and producing additional knowledge, which is directed to producing new products or processes or to improving existing products or processes.
Terrestrial ecozones and ecoprovinces of Canada
This map outlines the boundaries of the 15 ecozones and 53 ecoprovinces of Canada. These ecological areas cover all of the area within the coastal boundaries of Canada.
Description for Terrestrial ecozones and ecoprovinces of Canada
The title of this map is "Terrestrial ecozones and ecoprovinces of Canada."" This map outlines the boundaries of the 15 ecozones and 53 ecoprovinces of Canada. These ecological areas cover all of the area within the coastal boundaries of Canada.
On this map, a solid grey line is used to define the ecozone and ecoprovince boundaries. Each ecozone is identified with a unique colour. Ecoprovinces are subdivisions of ecozones and are identified with a unique numeric code, the first two numbers of the ecoprovince code indicates the ecozone.
Ecoprovinces numbered 01.1 and 01.2 belong to the Arctic Cordillera ecozone, code 01, and are coloured purple.
Ecoprovinces numbered 02.1 through 02.7 belong to the Northern Arctic ecozone, code 02, and are coloured blue.
Ecoprovinces 03.1 through 03.3 belong to the Southern Arctic ecozone, code 03, and are coloured pale yellow.
Ecoprovinces 04.1 through 04.3 belong to the Taiga Plains ecozone, code 04, and are coloured grey.
Ecoprovinces 05.1 through 05.4 belong to the Taiga Shield ecozone, code 05, and are coloured brown.
Ecoprovinces 06.1 through 06.6 belong to the Boreal Shield ecozone, code 06, and are coloured light brown.
Ecoprovinces numbered 07.1 through 07.3 belong to the Atlantic Maritime ecozone, code 07, and are coloured yellow.
Ecoprovinces numbered 08.1 and 08.2 belong to the Mixedwood Plains ecozone, code 08, and are coloured olive green.
Ecoprovinces numbered 09.1 through 09.3 belong to the Boreal Plains ecozone, code 09, and are coloured mint green.
Ecoprovinces numbered 10.1 through 10.3 belong to the Prairies ecozone, code 10, and are coloured pink.
Ecoprovinces numbered 11.1 through 11.4 belong to the Taiga Cordillera ecozone, code 11, and are coloured dark blue.
Ecoprovinces 12.1 through 12.4 belong to the Boreal Cordillera ecozone, code 12, and are coloured lime green.
Ecoprovinces numbered 13.1 through 13.3 belong to the Pacific Maritime ecozone, code 13, and are coloured dark green.
Ecoprovinces 14.1 through 14.4 belong to the Montane Cordillera ecozone, code 14, and are coloured light green.
Ecoprovinces 15.1 and 15.2 belong to the Hudson Plains ecozone, code 15, are coloured red.
Land areas outside of Canada are coloured light grey. Water is pale blue and major bodies, like oceans and bays, are named.
Sources:
Wiken, E.B., D. Gauthier, I. Marshall, K. Lawton and H. Hirvonen, 1996, A Perspective on Canada's Ecosystems: An Overview of the Terrestrial and Marine Ecozones, Canadian Council on Ecological Areas, Occasional Paper, no. 14, Ottawa
Marshall, I.B., Schut, P.H., and Ballard, M. 1999. A National Ecological Framework for Canada: Attribute Data. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Branch, Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research and Environment Canada, State of the Environment Directorate, Ecozone Analysis Branch. Ottawa/Hull. http://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/nsdb/ecostrat/1999report/index.html (accessed July 4, 2017).
Marshall, I.B., Schut, P.H., and Ballard, M. 1999. A National Ecological Framework for Canada: Attribute Data. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Branch, Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research and Environment Canada, State of the Environment Directorate, Ecozone Analysis Branch. Ottawa/Hull. http://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/nsdb/ecostrat/1999report/index.html (accessed July 4, 2017).
Statistics Canada is conducting a travel survey between Canada and foreign countries and we would be interested in knowing about your trip to Canada. Information from this voluntary survey will be used by the Canadian tourism industry and various government tourism organizations to better understand and serve you, the travelling public. Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.
At the end of your trip, we would appreciate it if you could spare 10 to 15 minutes of your time to complete this questionnaire. Upon completion, please return the questionnaire to us by using the postage paid envelope.
Your answers are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. S-19) and will be kept strictly confidential. To enhance the data from this survey, Statistics Canada may combine it with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.
U.S. residents entering Canada by automobile for a same-day automobile trip are only required to complete questions 1 through 7.
Basic travel information
1. In which country do you live?
Australia
Brazil
China
France
Germany
Hong Kong
India
Japan
Mexico
South Korea
Taiwan
United Kingdom
United States
If U.S. please report state and zip code
Other - specify
2. Where and when did you enter Canada?
Name of Canadian border crossing or Canadian airport
Date (DDMMYYYY)
3. Where and when did you leave Canada?
Name of Canadian border crossing or Canadian airport
Date (DDMMYYYY)
This survey asks questions about spending for this trip, including transport, food, beverages, entertainment and other purchases.
4. Including yourself, how many people (who travelled together) can you report spending for on this trip?
For this survey, these people are considered to be your travelling party. Please report for these people throughout the questionnaire.
5. For each member of your travelling party, starting with yourself, indicate age and sex.
(If the person is less than one year old, report their age as zero).
Age and sex of each member of your travelling party
Table summary
This is an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada. This table contains no data.
Age
Male
Female
Person 1
Person 2
Person 3
Person 4
Person 5
Person 6
Person 7
Person 8
Person 9
Person 10
Person 11
Person 12
6. What was your travelling party's main reason for coming to Canada?Check only one.
In Transit to/from other countries
For personal reasons
Holidays, leisure or recreation
To visit friends or relatives
To shop
Attend a non-business conference, convention or trade show (for a club, association or hobby)
To go to school or to study
For medical or health reasons
For religious reasons
Other personal reason - specify
For business or work related reasons
Commuting to work
For a meeting, sales or service call
Attend a conference, convention or trade show
On diplomatic or military orders
As a seasonal worker
Other business reason - specify
Same-day trip by U.S. residents to Canada by automobile
7. Please fill in this section if you are a U.S. resident and your travelling party took a same-day trip to Canada by automobile (no overnight stay).
Total spending for same-day trip to Canada by automobile. Include: food, beverages, gasoline, entertainment and all purchases made in Canada (whether or not the items were brought back to the United States)
Currency
U.S. Dollar
CAN Dollar
Main Canadian City / Town visited
This is the end of the questionnaire for U.S. residents who took a same-day trip to Canada by automobile. Please use the postage paid envelope to mail back your questionnaire. Thank you for your co-operation.
Transport to enter Canada
8. For this trip, what means of transport did your travelling party use to enter Canada?Check only one.
Commercial plane
Private plane
Rented automobile
Private automobile
Bus
Train
Cruise ship
Private boat
Ferry
Other
9. If you took commercial transport (plane, bus, train,boat) to enter Canada, please report:
the name of the transport company
the flight number (for plane travel only)
10. Where did your travelling party come from immediately before entering Canada?(exclude stopovers at airports)
Country
If United States, from which state
11. When entering Canada, did you travel...
from the United States only
directly from a country other than the United States
from another country via the United States
Transport to leave Canada
12. For this trip, what means of transport did your travelling party use to leave Canada?Check only one
Commercial plane
Private plane
Rented automobile
Private automobile
Bus
Train
Cruise ship
Private boat
Ferry
Other
13. If you took commercial transport (plane, bus, train, boat) to leave Canada, please report:
the name of the transport company
the flight number (for plane travel only)
14. Where did your travelling party go to immediately after leaving Canada?(exclude stopovers at airports)
Country
If United States, from which state
15. When leaving Canada, did you travel...
to the United States only
directly to a country other than the United States
to another country via the United States
Package or inclusive trips
16. Please answer the following questions if any part of your trip included a package where the price you paid included any combination of transportation, accommodation and food.
Please indicate type of package or inclusive trip that you took. Select all that apply.
Cruise
Name of cruise line
Escorted tour
All inclusive holiday package
Adventure holiday
Resort package
Which of the following items were included in the single price you paid? Select all that apply
Commercial transport to and from Canada (by plane, bus, train, boat)
Transportation while in Canada
Accommodation
Recreation and entertainment
Food and / or beverages
Other - specify
How many nights were covered by the package portion of your trip?
How much did the package cost? (Total for your travelling party)
Currency type (if other than CAN$) used to report package spending:
U.S. Dollar
Euro
Chinese Yuan
Mexican Peso
Japanese Yen
Australian Dollar
British Pound
Other currency type – specify
If your travelling party took a cruise, how much did you spend on the ship that was not included in the package cost? (include excursions, beverages, tips, pictures, gifts)
Currency type (if other than CAN$) used to report package spending:
U.S. Dollar
Euro
Chinese Yuan
Mexican Peso
Japanese Yen
Australian Dollar
British Pound
Other currency type – specify
Transport fares to enter and leave Canada
17. If commercial transport (plane, bus, train, boat) was used to enter and/or leave Canada, please report total fares for your travelling party.
Exclude fares that were covered by the cost of the package trip as reported in question 16
Round trip fare
One way tickets:
Fare to enter Canada
Fare to leave Canada
What type of fare was used? Check all that apply
First class
Business class
Economy class
Charter
Travel reward program
Currency type (if other than CAN$) used to report fare:
U.S. Dollar
Euro
Chinese Yuan
Mexican Peso
Japanese Yen
Australian Dollar
British Pound
Other currency type – specify
Travel while in Canada
18. For this trip, what means of transportation did your travelling party use while in Canada?Check all that apply
Commercial plane
Private plane
Rented automobile
Private automobile
Bus
Train
Cruise ship
Private boat
Ferry
Other
19. While in Canada, what place(s) did your travelling party visit?
Please name all places visited in which you stayed overnight as well as the main places that you visited for a same-day trip.
Name of city / town visited and province or territory (Please print)
Number of nights (put "0" for same-day visit)
Where did your travelling party stay? Check all that apply.
Hotel
Motel
Home of friends or relatives
Camp or trailer park
Cottage or cabin
Other
20. Does anyone in your travelling party own any of the accommodations used on this trip?(include time shares)
Yes
No
Spending while in Canada
For this next series of questions, we would like you to recall the total spending while in Canada for all persons in your travelling party as reported in question 4.
Exclude:
Package costs reported in question 16d and/or 16e
Commercial transport costs to enter and leave Canada reported in question 17
21. Please report total spending while in Canada in each of the following categories.
Use estimates if necessary.
Accommodation
Transportation while in Canada (include gasoline, rented car, intercity plane, bus, train, boat, local bus and taxi)
Food and beverages (include restaurants)
Recreation and entertainment
Clothes and gifts
Other – specify
Total spending while in Canada
Currency type (if other than CAN$) used to report spending in Canada:
U.S. Dollar
Euro
Chinese Yuan
Mexican Peso
Japanese Yen
Australian Dollar
British Pound
Other currency type – specify
22. Was any part of your trip paid for by…
Frequent Flyer points or other travel rewards programs
An incentive travel program (from your employer)
Not applicable
23. What percentage of total spending (including commercial fares) was paid...
personally (including family and friends)?
by business?
by government?
Re-visiting Canada
24. After your first arrival in Canada, did your travelling party, at any time during this trip, leave Canada, then return?
Yes
How many times?
If Yes, please report place(s) and date(s) of exit and the place(s) of re-entry, the number of nights spent outside Canada and the country(ies) visited:
Place of exit from Canada (Canadian border crossing or airport)
Date of exit (DDMMYYY)
Place of re-entry to Canada (Canadian border crossing or airport)
Number of nights
Country visited
No, Please go to question 25
25. Was this your first visit to Canada?
Yes
No
If No, how many times, including this trip, have you visited Canada for one or more nights, in the last 5 years
Activities while in Canada
26. While on this trip in Canada, what activities did you or anyone in your travelling party do?Check all that apply.
Visit friends or family (include wedding, anniversary, graduation, family reunion)
Shop
Sightsee
Visit a museum or art gallery
Visit an historic site
Visit a zoo or aquarium
Attend a sports event as a spectator
Attend a festival or fair
Attend a performance such as a play or concert
Go to a casino
Visit a theme or amusement park
Attend an aboriginal event (pow wow, performance, other)
Go to the movies
Go to restaurant, bar or club
Go wildlife viewing or bird watching
Visit a national or provincial nature park
Go for medical or other health treatment
Attend a business meeting, conference or seminar
Participate in sports or outdoor activities
Play individual or team sports
Use all terrain vehicle (ATV, quad, 4 x 4)
Boating
Canoeing or kayaking
Camping
Hiking or backpacking
Fishing
Go to a beach
Hunting
Golfing
Cycling
Snowmobiling
Downhill skiing or snowboarding
Cross-country skiing or snowshoeing
Other - specify
Comments
Thank you for completing this important survey.
Please use the postage paid envelope to mail your questionnaire. Visit our website at Statistics Canada
CVs for Total Sales by Geography
Table summary
This table displays the results of CVs for Total Sales by Geography. The information is grouped by geography (appearing as row headers), Month, 201611, 201612, 201701, 201702, 201703, 201704, 201705, 201706, 201707, 201708, 201709, 201710 and 201711 (appearing as column headers), calculated using percentage unit of measure (appearing as column headers).
CVs for Total Sales (third quarter 2017)
Table summary
This table displays the results of CVs for Total Sales. The information is grouped by NAPCS-CANADA (appearing as row headers), Quarter, 2016Q4, 2017Q1, 2017Q2 and 2017Q3, calculated using percent units of measure (appearing as column headers).
NAPCS-CANADA
Quarter
2016Q3
2016Q4
2017Q1
2017Q2
2017Q3
percent
Total commodities, retail trade commissions and miscellaneous services
1.18
1.83
1.34
0.73
0.43
Retail Services (except commissions) [561]
1.20
1.85
1.35
0.72
0.43
Food at retail [56111]
2.44
3.57
2.29
1.07
1.25
Soft drinks and alcoholic beverages, at retail [56112]
1.29
2.61
3.46
0.63
0.70
Clothing at retail [56121]
2.12
3.14
2.16
0.70
0.74
Footwear at retail [56122]
2.02
3.40
2.52
1.50
1.64
Jewellery and watches, luggage and briefcases, at retail [56123]
2.10
4.42
2.61
1.35
2.39
Home furniture, furnishings, housewares, appliances and electronics, at retail [56131]
2.64
3.77
2.94
1.58
0.79
Sporting and leisure products, at retail [56141]
3.39
4.09
3.23
2.88
2.21
Motor vehicles at retail [56151]
1.59
4.52
2.86
2.18
1.05
Recreational vehicles at retail [56152]
3.89
7.85
5.97
4.25
2.08
Motor vehicle parts, accessories and supplies, at retail [56153]
1.76
3.27
2.51
2.10
1.08
Automotive and household fuels, at retail [56161]
3.11
3.02
3.27
1.90
1.84
Home health products at retail [56171]
2.00
2.73
3.56
2.37
2.06
Infant care, personal and beauty products, at retail [56172]
2.71
3.59
3.30
2.06
2.50
Hardware, tools, renovation and lawn and garden products, at retail [56181]
3.17
3.97
3.54
1.35
1.00
Miscellaneous products at retail [56191]
1.85
1.94
2.70
1.84
1.98
Total retail trade commissions and miscellaneous servicesFootnote 1
1.32
2.09
1.94
1.77
1.42
Footnote 1
Comprises the following North American Product Classification System (NAPCS): 56211, 58122, 58141, 57111, 841, 58121, 58111, 53112 and 58131.
Purpose of the Ecological Land Classification (ELC)
The purpose of the Ecological Land Classification (ELC) is to delineate and classify ecologically distinct areas of the earth's surface, and to provide a consistent national spatial context for better monitoring and reporting. The use of these ecological units can provide a common framework for local to national assessments and reporting of ecological indicators on the state of the environment in Canada.
Preface
The Ecological Land Classification (ELC) is Statistics Canada's official classification for ecological areas in Canada.
The ELC was developed to enable the production of integrated statistics for ecological areas. It is a hierarchical framework that classifies ecological areas or ecosystems and that incorporates all major components of ecosystems: air, water, land and biota. All boundaries in the ecological framework are matched to soil landscape polygons from the Soil Landscapes of Canada (SLC).
The ELC provides unique names and codes for the ecozones, ecoprovinces, ecoregions and ecodistricts of Canada. The range of geographical units is convenient for data collection and compilation, and is useful for spatial analysis of environmental, economic and social statistics.
This classification is based on the following reports:
Ecological Stratification Working Group. 1995. A National Ecological Framework for Canada. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Branch, Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research and Environment Canada, State of the Environment Directorate, Ecozone Analysis Branch. Ottawa/Hull.
Marshall, I.B., Schut, P.H., and Ballard, M. 1999. A National Ecological Framework for Canada: Attribute Data. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Branch, Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research and Environment Canada, State of the Environment Directorate, Ecozone Analysis Branch. Ottawa/Hull. http://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/nsdb/ecostrat/1999report/index.html (accessed July 4, 2017).
What's new?
The Ecological Land Classification is a departmental standard.
Ecological Land Classification (ELC) 2017
Ecological Land Classification (ELC) is a common hierarchical framework and terminology for classifying ecologically distinctive areas. According to Ed Wiken, a member of the original committee on land classification, it is:
a process of delineating and classifying ecologically distinctive areas of the surface. Each area can be viewed as a discrete system which has resulted from the mesh and interplay of the geologic, landform, soil, vegetative, climatic, wildlife, water and human factors which may be present. The dominance of any one or more of these factors varies with the given ecological land unit. This holistic approach to land classification can be applied incrementally on a scale-related basis from site-specific ecosystems to very broad ecosystems.Footnote 1
Conceptual framework and definitions
The conceptual framework uses concepts set out by the Canadian Committee on Ecological Land Classification. It is based on a hierarchy system using four levels of generalization: ecozone, ecoprovince, ecoregion and ecodistrict. These levels were determined to be the most suitable for reporting national and regional issues concerning the environment and the suitability of its resources.Footnote 2
Table 1: Ecological framework levels
Level
Definition
Ecozone
At the top of the hierarchy, it defines the ecological mosaic of Canada on a sub-continental scale. Ecozones represent areas of the earth's surface representative of large and very generalized ecological units characterized by interactive and adjusting abiotic and biotic factors.
Ecoprovince
A subdivision of an ecozone characterized by major assemblages of structural or surface forms, faunal realms, vegetation, hydrology, soil and macro climate.
Ecoregion
A subdivision of an ecoprovince characterized by distinctive regional ecological factors, including climate, physiography, vegetation, soil, water and fauna.
Ecodistrict
A subdivision of an ecoregion characterized by distinctive assemblages of relief, landforms, geology, soil, vegetation, water bodies and fauna.
Source: Marshall, I.B., Schut, P.H., and Ballard, M. 1999. A National Ecological Framework for Canada: Attribute Data. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Branch, Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research and Environment Canada, State of the Environment Directorate, Ecozone Analysis Branch. Ottawa/Hull. http://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/nsdb/ecostrat/1999report/framework.html (accessed July 4, 2017).
Classification structure and codes
There are 15 ecozones at the top of the Ecological Land Classification hierarchy. They cover the entire terrestrial extent of Canada on a sub-continental scale.
These ecozones are subdivided into 53 ecoprovinces that contain 194 ecoregions, which can be further subdivided into 1,027 separate ecological units called ecodistricts. This relationship is illustrated in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Ecological Land Classification hierarchy
Description of Figure 1
Level 1 - Ecozones: 15
Level 2 - Ecoprovinces: 53
Level 3 - Ecoregions: 194
Level 4 - Ecodistricts: 1,027
Alignment with the Soil Landscapes of Canada (SLC)
All boundaries in the ecological framework are matched to soil landscape polygons from the Soil Landscapes of Canada (SLC).Footnote 3 Ecodistricts are directly linked to 12,353 soil landscape polygons.Footnote 4 The boundaries, attributes and file structures in the SLC database have been updated several times over the years. New versions are released as major structural or attribute changes are implemented. This classification uses Version 3.2 of the SLC, released in March 2011.
The SLC provides cartographic base information that provides linkages between soil components and land positions.Footnote 5
Future development
Updates to the Soil Landscapes of Canada database are not done regularly. Statistics Canada will continue to use version 3.2 when disseminating data until further notice.
Conformity to relevant nationally recognized frameworksFootnote 6
This standard classification conforms to the National Ecological Framework developed by a joint initiative between Environment Canada and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada between 1992 and 1995, and published in 1995.
The Canada Committee on Ecological Land Classification was created in 1976 to provide a national forum to encourage the development of a uniform national ecological approach to terrestrial ecosystem classification and mapping, and for the sound application of the ecological approach to sustainable resource management and planning.
In 1991, a collaborative project was undertaken by a number of federal agencies in cooperation with provincial and territorial governments, all under the auspices of the Ecological Stratification Working Group, to revise previous work and establish a common ecological framework for Canada.
The resulting report, A National Ecological Framework for Canada, released by the Ecological Stratification Working Group in 1995, describes the methods used to construct the ecological framework maps, the concepts of the hierarchical levels of generalization, and a narrative description of each ecozone and ecoregion.
A second report was published in 1999, adding the ecoprovince level. The need for ecoprovince boundaries came from the environmental side accord that established the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) in 1994—a trilateral effort between Canada, Mexico and the United States to develop an ecological framework to address common environmental concerns.
Modifications and new developments
Modifications and new developments to the Ecological Land Classification (ELC) have been implemented to meet specific needs.
Environment Canada frequently uses the National Ecological Framework. In conjunction with many provincial and territorial partners, the department produced the report Canadian Biodiversity: Ecosystem Status and Trends 2010, utilising a modified hierarchy called 'Ecozone+' to distinguish it from the National Ecological Framework. Major modifications included adjustments to terrestrial boundaries to reflect improvements in ground truthing, the combining of three Arctic ecozones, and the addition of two ecoprovinces (Western Interior Basin and Newfoundland Boreal) and nine marine ecosystem-based units.
Canadian Council on Ecological Areas (CCEA) 2014Footnote 8
In 2014, the Canadian Council on Ecological Areas (CCEA) released an update to the first digital version of the Canadian Ecological Framework.
CCEA presents both the marine and terrestrial ecozones on one map. The new spatial framework will replace the 1995 ecological framework as well as the Ecozone+ framework used in the Canadian Biodiversity: Ecosystem Status and Trends 2010 Report.
This new ecozone map includes 18 terrestrial, 12 marine and 1 freshwater ecozone. The new spatial framework includes the addition of three new terrestrial ecozones: one small extension on an Alaska ecozone, a second in southern British Columbia and a third in the Atlantic regions.
Current developments
Statistics Canada currently uses the ecological framework in the analysis and production of statistical data tables that aggregate Census of Population and Census of Agriculture variables by ecozone and ecoregion. The framework has also been integrated into spatial layers to be used in measuring ecosystem goods and services.
Explanatory notes
The numbering system in this classification uses a ten-digit code (Table 2), of which the first two digits are used to indicate the ecozone (the highest level of generalization), followed by one digit indicating the ecoprovince. The next three digits designate the ecoregion, while the final four digits indicate the ecodistrict.Footnote 9
To provide a standardized classification structure for these ecological units, leading zeros have been added to the ecozone, ecoregion and ecodistrict codes. For example, Ottawa is located in code 08.1.132.0545, which is in the ecodistrict called Ottawa Valley Plain. While identifier codes are unique at these levels, the ecoprovince level must be used in conjunction with the ecozone code to create the unique identifier. For instance, the code for the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence Lowlands is 08.1.
Table 2: Example of how to code for Ottawa
Name
Ecozone
Ecoprovince
Ecoregion
Ecodistrict
Mixedwood Plains
08
-
-
-
Great Lakes–St. Lawrence Lowlands
08
1
-
-
St. Lawrence Lowlands
08
1
132
-
Ottawa Valley Plain
08
1
132
0545
National ecological classification names do not correspond to official toponyms approved by the Canadian Permanent Committee on Geographical Names. They are generally derived from a centrally located, prominent physiographic feature such as a mountain range, plateau, plain, basin, or lake within the respective unit.
There are 194 ecoregions. However, some of these contain more than one polygon resulting in a total of 217 numbered polygons. Eleven ecoregions consist of two or more non-contiguous map unit polygons causing skips in ecoregion numbering (Table 3). For example, the Ellesmere and Devon Islands Ice Caps ecoregion in the Arctic is composed of four polygons (001, 002, 003 and 004) but is represented by only one ecoregion: 001 (002, 003 and 004 are skipped). Similarly, the Long Range Mountains ecoregion in Newfoundland and Labrador contains three polygons (108, 110 and 111) but is represented by ecoregion 108 (110 and 111 being skips) (Table 4).
Table 3: Ecoregions with two or more polygons
Name
Ecoregion
Polygon
Ellesmere and Devon Islands Ice Caps
001
001, 002, 003, 004
Ellesmere Mountains
008
008, 010
Northern Alberta Uplands
065
065, 067
Kingurutik–Fraser Rivers
077
077, 081
Mecatina River
080
080, 083, 086
Long Range Mountains
108
108, 110, 111
Mid-Boreal Uplands
139
139, 140, 141, 144, 147, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154
Western Alberta Upland
145
145, 146
Aspen Parkland
156
156, 161
Southwest Manitoba Uplands
163
163, 164
Northern Coastal Mountains
185
185, 186
Table 4: Sample of skips in numbering of ecoregion polygons
Name
Ecoregion
Polygon
Ellesmere and Devon Islands Ice Caps
001
001, 002, 003, 004
Baffin Mountains
005
005
Baffin Island Coastal Lowlands
006
006
Torngat Mountains
007
007
Ellesmere Mountains
008
008, 010
Eureka Hills
009
009
Sverdrup Islands Lowland
011
011
The Ellesmere and Devon Islands Ice Caps ecoregion in the Arctic is composed of 4 polygons (001, 002, 003, and 004) (Table 5).
This information is collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.
Purpose of the survey
The purpose of the Canadian Victim Services Indicators survey is to collect aggregate data from victim services directorates of provincial and territorial governments to provide information on the characteristics of victims accessing services, the types of services utilized, and case load demands in order to better develop programs and services for victims of violence.
While participation in this survey is voluntary, your co-operation is important to ensure that information collected in this survey is as accurate and comprehensive as possible.
Confidentiality
Statistics Canada is prohibited by law from releasing any information it collects which could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes. If necessary, data are suppressed to prevent direct or residual disclosure of identifiable data.
Fax or e-mail transmission disclosure
Statistics Canada advises you that there could be a risk of disclosure during the transmission of information by facsimile or e-mail. However, upon receipt, Statistics Canada will provide the guaranteed level of protection afforded all information collected under the authority of the Statistics Act.
Record linkages
To enhance the data from this survey, Statistics Canada may combine it with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.
General instructions
1. Please complete and return by January 26, 2018.
2. Please refer to the Reporting Guide for survey definitions and instructions regarding what to measure and how to record it. If there are deviations from the survey definitions, please note these in the comment section provided for each question. As well, please indicate in the comments section, any changes in victim service delivery in your jurisdiction that may have affected this year's data.
3. Please provide a figure in all boxes. If there is no amount for a particular box, enter one of the following:
0 - when the amount is zero;
X - when the figure is not available in your jurisdiction
N - when the figure is not applicable in your jurisdiction
4. The reference period for the data provided is calendar year 2016.
Please fax or email the completed version of the form to:
A victim is defined as an individual who has suffered physical or emotional harm, property damage or economic loss as the result of the commission of an offence (Direct victim).
The following individuals will also be able to exercise their rights when a victim is deceased or incapable of acting on his or her own behalf (Family members of victims):
The victim's spouse or common-law partner;
A relative or dependant of the victim; and
Anyone who has custody of the victim, or is responsible for the care or support of the victim's dependant.
a) Please list all the data sources you are using to answer this survey (ex. victim services internal database, police data, reports from community based (funded) agencies, etc).
b) Please describe which victims (new referrals) are included in your data and how direct victims and family members of victims are counted. Please note any important differences from the definitions above. For example, some jurisdictions only have information for victims once a charge has been laid, and some databases may count family members once per household or once per direct victim, not as individual victims. Other databases include all secondary victims.
c) Are you able to provide information for calendar year 2016? If you are unable to do so (for example, you only have fiscal year information available), please explain.
Question 2 Number of victims assisted by age and gender
Providing detailed breakdowns where possible, please indicate the total number of persons (new referrals) assisted in 2016 by victim services by age and gender. If some data is unavailable by age or gender, enter "X" into the appropriate box and report as unknown (see Guide for example).
a) Number of persons assisted by age at time of service (including businesses)
Number of persons assisted by age at time of service
Table summary
This is an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada. This table contains no data.
Direct victim
Family member(s) of victim
Total
Adult (18 years and older)
Children and Youth (under 18 years)
Unknown (include businesses)
Total
b) Number of persons assisted by reported gender (including businesses)
Number of persons assisted by reported gender
Table summary
This is an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada. This table contains no data.
Direct victim
Family member(s) of victim
Total
Male
Female
Other (please specify)
Unknown (include businesses)
Total
c) Are business victims included in the data above?(Check one)
Yes
No
d) If yes, please indicate the number of businesses assisted in 2016
Comments/deviations from survey definitions (ex: different age groups) or deviations from standard victim type(please specify)
Question 3 Number of victims assisted by offence
Providing detailed breakdowns where possible, please indicate the total number of persons (new referrals) assisted in 2016 by most serious offence. Exclude victims where no criminal offence occurred. If some data is unavailable by most serious offence, enter "X" into the appropriate box and report as unknown. If assisting victims of particular offences is not applicable in your jurisdiction, enter "N" into the appropriate box (see Guide for examples).
Total number of persons (new referrals) assisted in 2016 by most serious offence
Table summary
This is an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada. This table contains no data.
Direct victim
Family member(s) of victim
Total
Total Criminal Code violent offences
Homicide
Other offences causing death (excluding traffic violations)
Sexual assault
Adult victims aged 18 or over
Child victims under age 18
Sexual violations against children
Physical assault
Robbery
Uttering threats or Criminal harassment
Other violent offences (see Reporting Guide)
Total Criminal Code Non-violent offences
Break and enter
Motor vehicle theft
Other theft
Fraud
Other non-violent offences (see Reporting Guide)
Total Criminal Code traffic offences (including impaired driving)
Traffic offences causing death
Traffic offences causing bodily harm
Unknown offence
Comments/deviations from survey definitions (ex: treatment (count) of family members of homicide victims)(please specify)
Question 4 Victim services case load
Providing detailed breakdowns where possible, please indicate the number of services offered or provided to victims (new referrals) in 2016 by service type. Enter "N" into the appropriate box if the service type is not applicable in your jurisdiction (see Guide for explainations of these service types with examples).
Number of services offered or provided to victims (new referrals) in 2016 by service type
Table summary
This is an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada. This table contains no data.
Offered to victims
Provided to victims
Referrals
(such as referrals to restorative justice programs and counseling services)
Counseling services
Restorative justice
Crisis services
(such as crisis counseling or crisis telephone line)
Safety planning and risk assessment
Prevention training (for victims)
Risk assessment (conduct or coordinate)
Child protection services
Safety planning - immediate
Safety planning - long term
Emotional support
(such as short-term or trauma counseling)
Medical support
(such as hospital accompaniment)
Liaison services
(such as working with other agencies)
Shelter assistance
Justice system information
Case/trial updates
Court orientation/information
Information on criminal justice system structure and process
Compensation – other (e.g., pay fees for professional counseling)
Other (please specify)
Comments related to the types of services included in these counts (please specify)
Question 5 Victim and Community Impact Statements
Victim Impact Statements (VIS) (services provided in 2016)
Table summary
This is an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada. This table contains no data.
Total
Number of VIS forms provided by victim services
Number of VIS filed to police, prosecution (crown), courts or victim services
Community Impact Statements (CIS) (services provided in 2016)
Table summary
This is an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada. This table contains no data.
Total
Number of CIS forms provided by victim services
Number of CIS filed to police, prosecution (crown), courts or victim services
Comments/deviations from survey definitions(please specify)
Respondent
Name
Jurisdiction
Contact
Phone #
Date
Thank you for your important contribution to the Canadian Victim Services Indicators