In October 2024, Statistics Canada's consultative engagement team held consultations to gather feedback on the themes covered by the Labour Force Survey (LFS) supplements program. Participants included analysts from federal and provincial governments, as well as academic researchers. Feedback was collected verbally and in writing and is summarized below by theme.

What we heard from stakeholders on the various themes

Skills and Training

Stakeholders, particularly representatives from the provinces, emphasized the importance of data on skills development, skill use, and skills matches. This included the integration of immigrants in the labour market and work experience gained by students. Participants requested more frequent data collection on training participation as well as more specific information on the distinction between "compliance training" and upskilling. There was also interest in measuring the types of tasks done within different occupations and the development of skills relating to the use of artificial intelligence.

Immigrant Labour Market Integration

Strong interest was expressed in data on immigrant labour market integration and productivity. Some participants requested more frequent collection, ideally quarterly, with breakdowns by immigrant class and non-permanent residents (NPRs). Concerns were raised about the quality of existing information, especially on intended occupations of immigrants and credential recognition.

Retirement Patterns

Participants, particularly those from the territories, sought better insight into retirement decisions, transitions, and the ambiguity surrounding retirement status. Requests included more detailed data by jurisdiction.

Gig Work and New Employment Forms

Stakeholders noted the need for more frequent data on gig work, self-employment stability, and digital platform employment. They were also interested in transitions between jobs, job mobility, and the diversity of self-employment and business ownership.

Work Location and Commuting

Federal stakeholders highlighted hybrid work and flexible work arrangements as priority areas. Commuting was viewed as less central to labour supply and productivity. Suggestions included merging work location and commuting themes and examining links between telework and commuting.

Demographics and Equity

Participants called for more detailed demographic data, including sexual orientation, neurodiversity, disability types, and intersectional measures. They also requested more regional detail, particularly distinctions between rural and urban areas.

Job Satisfaction and Financial Security

Stakeholders emphasized the value of data on job satisfaction, financial hardship, and debt repayment capacity. A dedicated supplement on financial security, wealth, and spending was suggested.

Multiple Jobholding

There was strong interest in exploring the reasons for multiple jobholding, with calls for more frequent collection and detailed information on secondary jobs. Participants also wanted to examine links between improved household financial capability and transitions out of multiple jobholding.

Training and Employer Investment

Participants noted a lack of information on barriers to accessing training and wanted clearer distinctions between formal and informal training. This was related to concerns about low employer investment in training and potential misallocation of resources.

Technology and AI

Stakeholders requested broader and more frequent data on emerging technologies, including AI. They wanted to understand how AI is used, its impact on job quality, and how it compares with traditional automation.

Other Themes

Additional areas of interest included:

• Career transitions and green jobs
• Interprovincial migration and mobility
• Workplace injuries, including separate measures for physical and mental health
• Work–family spillover and flexible work arrangements
• Student work experience and school-to-work transitions
• Reservation wages and job acceptance factors

Results

Statistics Canada expresses its gratitude to all participants for their valuable contributions to this consultative engagement. Their insights and experiences will play a key role in shaping timely and relevant data products and strategies that effectively meet the needs of data users.

By: Divita Narang; Financial Consumer Agency of Canada

Introduction

Continuous Integration and Continuous Development (CI/CD) are essential practices in modern software and data engineering that streamline development and delivery through automation. These methodologies play a key role in achieving technical maturity and scaling projects from Proof of Concepts (POC) to production environments.

When applied to the Azure ecosystem with Azure Data Factory (ADF) and Azure DevOps (or a preferred toolkit/cloud provider), CI/CD allows teams to automate the deployment of data pipelines, datasets, data variables, and related resources. This ensures faster updates, version control, and consistent environments across the development lifecycle.

Azure Data Factory (ADF) is a managed cloud service designed for complex extract-transform-load (ETL), extract-load-transform (ELT), and data integration processes. It helps orchestrate data movement at scale using a vast array of built-in connectors and features while ensuring security with Microsoft Entra Groups integration. ADF is adept at serving enterprise needs, such as moving data from point A to point B while incorporating transformations such as: enforcing data types, formats and more. For example, it can ingest data from a front-end customer-facing application and integrate the data into a database. That database endpoint can then be utilized for various downstream use cases such as: reporting, analytics, machine learning, artificial intelligence etc.

Azure DevOps is Microsoft's comprehensive suite of tools for version control, automation, and project management. It can store Git repositories in Azure Repos and enable CI/CD using Azure Pipelines, which is used for deploying code projects. Azure Pipelines combines continuous integration, continuous testing, and continuous delivery to build, test, and deliver code to multiple destination environments.

At the Financial Consumer Agency of Canada (FCAC), we widely utilize Azure Data Factory and Azure Pipelines for managing the integration and deployment of data resources to and from endpoints such as Microsoft Dataverse, Microsoft Graph API, SQL Server databases, etc. As a growing data team, we are consistently exploring innovative approaches to tackle data engineering processes.
Recently, we addressed the challenge of automating deployment pipelines for Azure Data Factory (ADF). The manual processes involved in deployments were typically time-consuming, taking anywhere between 2-4 hours for a medium size code repository. Code could only be uploaded to the new environment manually or with PowerShell scripts, with each file taking up to a few minutes to upload. Additionally, the code had to be cleaned and prepared manually for the new environments. We anticipated that as the codebase grew within projects, the time required to perform these tasks would further increase. Please note that deployment times can vary significantly with codebase size and various factors suggested here.

Despite the automation efforts, it is worth noting that the manual processes can still be utilized as backup when team members are not available or when automated processes fail, and recovery is not possible in a short timeframe.

Though CI/CD has a broad scope, for the remainder this article we will focus on Continuous Integration and Deployment in the context of moving Data Factory resources from lower-level environments such as development to higher-level environments like Staging, Production, etc. Pipelines can be run manually, based on a schedule, or triggered by a change to the repository, such as a commit or merge to a specific branch.

Solution Overview

In this article, we will focus on a solution as highlighted in architecture below

Note:  Azure Data Factory code is based on Azure Resource Manager (ARM) templates, which is essentially Infrastructure as Code (IaC) in the JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) format. These files define the infrastructure and configuration for Azure resources. Just like application code, infrastructure code can be stored and versioned in a source repository.

Solution Pre-requisites

1. Source control with Git, based on Azure DevOps.
2. Pipeline agent parallelism enabled on Azure DevOps project. (Parallelism Request Form)
3. Service Connections on Azure DevOps with access to relevant resource groups where Data Factory resides.
4. Azure Data Factory Linked Services and other relevant authentication details stored as secrets on Azure Key Vault.
5. Blob Storage account with read/write access to store ARM Templates.

Continuous Integration:

Code changes are published using the publish button on the ADF user interface once development has been completed on collaboration branch and pull request is completed on the main branch.

Upon publish, ADF takes care of the process of generating and validating ARM Templates. The generated templates contain all factory resources such Pipelines, Datasets, Linked Services, Integration Runtimes, Triggers and more. All these resources will likely have unique parameters in different environments which need to be carefully validated or else they can cause deployment errors or worse: a successful deployment with incorrect references to parameters like incorrect authentication details for a SQL Server Linked Service. A significant portion of the development effort was dedicated to addressing these challenges, as will be detailed in subsequent sections.

Build Pipeline Setup:

For the build setup, multiple tasks available in Azure Pipelines are used in decoupled steps as follows.

1. Get resources in the Pipeline from your Azure DevOps repo and (this is very important) select the default branch as ‘adf_publish’.
2. Use ‘Publish Artifact’ task to ‘drop’ the artifacts for use by the pipeline.
3. Use ‘PowerShell Script’ task to run a script to replace all parameters to match with the target environment. For example, if the development database name is ‘Dev-DB’ in the source code and the target environment is staging with the database name such as ‘Stg-DB’, the PowerShell script can perform string replacement in all files for all variable references to reflect the correct target database. Please refer to this code sample for further guidance.
   Pro-tip: A lot of parameters exist in the first few Arm Templates, but it is best to run the script on each Arm Template file. There is also a way to modify parameters using ‘Override Parameters’ in the release part of the pipeline which we will get into later in this article.
4. Use ‘Azure File Copy’ task to copy all templates from the ‘linkedTemplates’ folder of your repo into a storage account. Storing ARM templates in blob storage creates the welcome redundancy for storing modified code from Step 3. It is also a required practice for large codebases.
   Pro-tip: Clean storage container before copying. And create separate containers for different environments such as Staging, UAT, Production, etc. This helps with keeping things organised and reduces chances of erroneous deployments.

After the setup the pipeline will roughly look like this:

Release Pipeline Setup:

1. Create an ‘Empty job’ in the ‘Releases’ section of Azure DevOps.
2. Add repository artifacts processed by the Build Pipeline created earlier.
3. Search for and create a ‘PowerShell Task’. Provide the path to pre/post deployment script. This script is used to stop triggers before deployment and restart them afterwards. It is provided by Microsoft : Continuous integration and delivery pre- and post-deployment scripts - Azure Data Factory | Microsoft Learn. For ease of use, the script can be uploaded to the project repo.
4. Search for and create an ‘Arm Template Deployment’ Task and fill in details according to the previous pipeline and project setup.
   1. In the ‘Override template parameters’ section of the task, you will notice that some parameters are already loaded based on the ‘ArmTemplateParameters_master.json’ which is part of artifacts from the project. These can be further customised based on the ‘arm-template-parameters-definition.json’ configuration on Azure data factory : Custom parameters in a Resource Manager template - Azure Data Factory | Microsoft Learn.
      If this option is chosen, there is no need to perform Step 3 in build pipeline setup. Here is an example of using custom parameters for Azure Blob Storage, Azure SQL Database and Dataverse (Common Data Services for Apps)

This approach may not be suitable if there are more than 256 parameters, as that is the maximum number allowed. If refactoring the code is a possibility for your project, consider these alternatives:

• Reducing the number of parameters by utilizing global parameters wherever possible.
• Taking note of parameters that are implicitly inherited and removing those when redundant. For example, dataset parameters are inherited from linked services and may not need to be added to datasets if they are already present in linked services.
• If maintenance and new resource creation is not an issue, split the solution into multiple data factories for large solutions.
• Use power shell scripts to clean and prepare code for different environments as utilised in this solution.

After the setup, the release pipeline will roughly look like the following:

Note that the Pre-Deployment and Post-Deployment task uses the same script but with different script arguments.

Troubleshooting, Testing and a few more Pro-Tips:

1. To begin testing the new solution it might be worth creating a test Azure Data Factory and deploy there to ensure all the parameters are copying properly and Linked Services/Datasets connections are successful.
2. During and after deployments: monitor logging at the resource group level’s ‘Deployments’ tab of Azure Data Factory in Azure Portal to check for progress and more descriptive error logs.
3. If the time fields on Tumbling window triggers are not aligned with the target environment, the deployment will fail. An easy fix is to align the time fields to match with triggers in target deployment environments.
4. Integration Runtimes can also be incompatible in different environments. A quick fix is to remove/update references to Integration Runtimes using the PowerShell script in Step 2 of the build pipeline.
5. Using hotfix approach if the deployed data factory has a bug that needs to be fixed as soon as possible.
6. If Global Parameters are specific in each environment, the ‘Include global parameters’ checkbox can be left unchecked on Arm Template Configuration section in ADF. In that way there will be a few less parameters to customize while deploying.
7. Continuous Integration triggers can be enabled in both the Pipeline and the Release level based on schedules, pull requests or artifacts.
8. Pre-deployments approvals can also be setup at the Release level for critical deployments such as in production environments.
9. Pre-determine whether to choose ‘Incremental’ or ‘Complete’ deployment mode especially if environments differ in resource storage.
10. During the testing phase, ARM templates can be manually exported to local storage and PowerShell scripts created for parameter management can be run locally for quicker testing and troubleshooting.

Evaluation

This is one way amongst many to approach automated deployments in Azure Data Factory for different environments. We chose to build this solution using Azure services as that is the agency’s choice of cloud services provider. This process has helped us explore CI/CD automation in the context of data solutions and demonstrate the possibility of significant time savings for deployments. However, as the learning curve goes with any new process, we also encountered errors and spent significant time troubleshooting. This led us to discover unique quirks in the process, which we have highlighted as pro-tips above. These tips can be highly beneficial, saving you time and effort by helping you avoid common pitfalls and streamline your Azure based deployment processes.

Conclusion

We are committed to enhancing our operations environment for iterative deployments by continuously refining our CI/CD processes. We are also actively gathering feedback from our team to identify areas for improvement in our releases.

With rapid innovation and an increasing availability of built-in features in Microsoft's data products, we also recommend that readers refer to the following resources: Automated Publishing for CI/CD , Deploying linked ARM Templates with VSTS and Deployments in Microsoft Fabric.
Stay tuned for more insights and updates on these topics in our upcoming articles!

If you have any questions about my article or would like to discuss this further, I invite you to Meet the Data Scientist, an event where authors meet the readers, present their topic, and discuss their findings.

Register for the Meet the Data Scientist event. We hope to see you there!

Purpose
The purpose of the 2025 Canadian Survey of Cyber Security and Cybercrime is to measure the impact of cybercrime on Canadian businesses and organizations.

The survey gathers information about

• The measures businesses and organizations have implemented for cyber security, including employee training;
• The types of cyber security incidents that impact businesses and organizations; and
• The costs associated with preventing and recovering from cyber security incidents.

Additional information

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Your participation in this survey is required under the authority of the Statistics Act.

Authority

Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

Confidentiality

By law, Statistics Canada is prohibited from releasing any information it collects that could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent, or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes only.

Data-sharing agreements

To reduce respondent burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data-sharing agreements with provincial and territorial statistical agencies and other government organizations, which have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes. Statistics Canada will only share data from this survey with those organizations that have demonstrated a requirement to use the data.

Section 11 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with provincial and territorial statistical agencies that meet certain conditions. These agencies must have the legislative authority to collect the same information, on a mandatory basis, and the legislation must provide substantially the same provisions for confidentiality and penalties for disclosure of confidential information as the Statistics Act. Because these agencies have the legal authority to compel businesses to provide the same information, consent is not requested and businesses may not object to the sharing of the data.

For this survey, there are Section 11 agreements with the provincial and territorial statistical agencies of Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia and the Yukon.

The shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Section 12 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with federal, provincial or territorial government organizations. Under Section 12, you may refuse to share your information with any of these organizations by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician, specifying the organizations with which you do not want Statistics Canada to share your data and mailing it to the following address

Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of Director, Centre for Innovation, Technology and Enterprise Statistics
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, ON
K1A 0T6

You may also contact us by email at statcan.digitaleconomysociety-economiesocietenumerique.statcan@statcan.gc.ca.

For this survey, there are Section 12 agreements with the statistical agencies of Prince Edward Island, Northwest Territories and Nunavut, as well as with Public Safety Canada; Royal Canadian Mounted Police; Natural Resources Canada; Communications Security Establishment; Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada; and Public Services and Procurement Canada.

For agreements with provincial and territorial government organizations, the shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Record linkage

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce respondent burden, Statistics Canada may combine it with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Reporting instructions

For this questionnaire

Please complete this questionnaire for Canadian operations of this business or organization.

Reporting instructions

• Report dollar amounts in Canadian dollars.
• Report dollar amounts rounded to the nearest dollar.
• If precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.
• Enter "0" if there is no value to report.

Business or organization characteristics

Business or organization characteristics - Question identifier1

Which of the following does your business or organization currently use? Select all that apply.

• Website for your business or organization
• Social media accounts for your business or organization
• E-commerce platforms and solutions
• Web-based applications
• Open source software
• Cloud computing or storage
• Internet-connected smart devices or Internet of Things (IoT)
• Intranet
• Blockchain technologies
• Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services
• Remote Access Technology
• Software or hardware using artificial intelligence (AI)
• OR
• Business or organization does not use any of the above

Business or organization characteristics - Question identifier2

What type of data does your business or organization store on servers which are connected to the Internet.

Include

• data stored on cloud computing or storage services
• data stored on servers that can be accessed remotely (e.g., through virtual desktop connections)
• data that are backed-up.
• cloud-based artificial intelligence (AI) systems trained on data the business or organization holds

Select all that apply.

• Personal employee information
• Personal information about customers, suppliers, or partners
• Confidential business or organization information
• Commercially sensitive information
• Non-sensitive or public information
• OR
• Business or organization does not store data on servers which are connected to the Internet

Business or organization characteristics - Question identifier3

Does anyone in your business or organization use personally-owned devices such as smartphones, tablets, laptops, or desktop computers to carry out regular business-related activities?

Include personally-owned devices with enterprise software installed, and devices that are subsidized by the business or organization.

• Yes
• No
• Do not know

Cyber security environment

Cyber security environment - Question identifier4

Which cyber security measures does your business or organization currently have in place?

Include on-site and external security measures, including those provided by an external party. Select all that apply.

• Mobile security
  Does your business or organization allow access to any of the following applications when mobile security is disabled?
  Include applications on all devices with mobile security installed by your business or organization.
  Select all that apply.
  • Enterprise applications
  • Other online applications
  • Other offline applications
  • OR
  • All applications require mobile security to be enabled
• Anti-malware software to protect against viruses, spyware, ransomware, etc.
• Web security
• Email security
• Network security
• Data protection and control
• Point-Of-Sale (POS) security
• Software and application security
• Hardware and asset management
• Identity and access management
• Physical access controls
• Multi-Factor Authentication
• AI-based cyber security tools
• OR
• Business or organization does not have any cyber security measures in place
• OR
• Do not know

Cyber security environment - Question identifier5

Did any of the following external parties or cyber security standards or cyber security certification programs require your business or organization to implement certain cyber security measures?

Select all that apply.

• Supplier of physical goods
• Supplier of digitally delivered goods or services
• Supplier of other services that are not digitally delivered
• Customer
• Partner
• Canadian departments, agencies, centres or regulators
  Which Canadian departments, agencies, centres or regulators required your business or organization to implement certain cyber security measures?
  Select all that apply.
  • Office of the Privacy Commissioner
  • Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission
  • Competition Bureau
  • Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada
  • Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (Cyber Centre)
  • Canadian Spam Reporting Centre
  • Canada Revenue Agency (CRA)
  • Other
• Foreign departments, agencies, centres or regulators
• Cyber security standard or cyber security certification program
• Cyber risk insurance provider
• OR
• None of the above

Cyber security environment - Question identifier6

How many employees does your business or organization have that complete tasks related to cyber security as part of their primary responsibilities?

Include part-time and full-time employees. Examples of tasks these employees may complete include

• managing, evaluating or improving the security of business networks, web presence, email systems or devices;
• patching or updating the software or operating systems used for security reasons;
• completing tasks related to recovery from previous cyber security incidents.

Exclude

• Members of senior management with responsibility for decision making regarding cyber security risks, threats and incidents
• External IT consultants or contractors.

If precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimate.

• One employee
• Two to five employees
• 6 to 15 employees
• Over 15 employees
• None
• Do not know

Cyber security environment - Question identifier7

What are the main reasons your business or organization does not have any employees that complete tasks related to cyber security as part of their regular responsibilities? Select all that apply.

• Business or organization uses private sector consultants or contractors to monitor cyber security
• Business or organization uses public sector consultants or contractors to monitor cyber security
• Business or organization has cyber risk insurance
• Business or organization is in the process of recruiting a cyber security employee
• Business or organization is unable to find an adequate cyber security employee
• Business or organization lacks the money or resources to employ a cyber security employee
• Cyber security is not a high enough risk to the business or organization
• Business or organization's parent organization manages cyber security

Cyber security environment - Question identifier8

What percentage of the employees that complete tasks related to the cyber security of your business or organization as part of their primary responsibilities identify as the following genders?

Gender refers to current gender, which may be different from sex assigned at birth and may be different from what is indicated on legal documents.

Exclude individuals employed by external IT consultants or contractors.

If precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimate.

• Female
• Male
• Another gender

Cyber security environment - Question identifier9

Which of the following population groups do your business or organization's cyber security employees belong to?

Select all that apply.

• White
• Indigenous
• Visible minority
• OR
• Do not know

Cyber security environment - Question identifier10

Which qualifications would your business or organization consider essential when hiring new cyber security employees?

Select all that apply.

• Academic certificates, diplomas or degrees
  What is the highest academic certificate, diploma or degree that would be considered essential?
  • High school diploma or a high school equivalency certificate
  • Trades certificate or diploma
  • College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma (other than trades certificates or diplomas)
  • University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level
  • Bachelor's degree
  • University certificate, diploma or degree above the bachelor's level
• Other cyber security certifications
  Which cyber security certifications are considered essential?
  • Certified Ethical Hacker
  • Certified Information Security Manager
  • Certified Information Systems Professional
  • GIAC Security Expert
  • Security+
  • Other certifications
• Experience working in cyber security
• Other cyber security training
• Other qualifications
  • Specify other qualifications
• OR
• Business or organization has never attempted to hire a cyber security employee
• OR
• Do not know

Cyber security environment - Question identifier11

What are the top 3 technical cyber skills you are looking for in potential new cyber security employees?

Select up to three.

• Script writing
• Software development, deployment or debugging
• IT system development, implementation or maintenance
• Data management or analysis
• Knowledge of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) or Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS)
• Experience with IT or network security
• Experience with application security
• Experience with cyber security incident response
• Experience with ethical hacking
• Experience with AI systems
• Other - Specify other technical skills

Cyber security environment - Question identifier12

In 2025, did your business or organization encounter any challenges finding qualified cyber security employees or retaining existing cyber security employees?

Select all that apply.

• Challenges finding qualified cyber security employees
• Challenges retaining cyber security employees
• OR
• This business or organization did not encounter any challenges finding or retaining qualified cyber security employees in 2025
• OR
• Do not know

Cyber security environment - Question identifier13

What challenges did your business or organization encounter when hiring cyber security employees in 2025?

Select all that apply.

• Applicants lacking skills
• Applicants lacking experience
• Salary requests too high
• Not enough time or resources for effective recruitment
• Lack of candidate interest in the position
• Other challenges
  • Specify other challenges
• OR
• Do not know

Cyber security environment - Question identifier14

For which reasons did cyber security employees leave your business or organization in 2025?

Select all that apply.

• Recruited by other business or organization operating in Canada
• Recruited by other business or organization operating outside of Canada
• Limited internal promotion or development opportunities
• High stress levels at work
• Lack of flexibility (work-life balance)
• Visa or work permit issues
• Layoffs or dismissals
• Retirement
• Family commitments
• Other reasons - Specify other reasons
• OR
• No cyber security employees left the business or organization in 2025
• OR
• Do not know

Cyber security environment - Question identifier15

Did your business or organization share best practices or general information on cyber security risks with your employees in 2025?

Include the sharing of information through email, bulletin boards, general information sessions on subjects related to

• recognizing and avoiding email scams
• importance of password complexity and basic security techniques
• securing your web browser and safe web browsing practices
• avoiding phishing attacks
• recognizing and avoiding spyware.
  • a. Information shared with internal cyber security employees
  • b. Information shared with other employees
    • Yes
    • No
    • Not applicable
    • Do not know

Cyber security environment - Question identifier16

Did your business or organization provide formal training to develop or upgrade cyber security related skills of your employees or stakeholders in 2025?

Include training provided by external sources.

Exclude ad hoc information sharing between employees.

1. Provided training to internal cyber security employees
2. Provided training to other employees
3. Provided training to stakeholders such as suppliers, customers or partners
   • Yes
   • No
   • Not applicable
   • Do not know

Cyber security environment - Question identifier17

Why did your business or organization not provide formal training to develop or upgrade the cyber security related skills of some or all of its employees?

• Unable to find appropriate training
• Cost of training
• Not enough time or resources to send employees on training
• Lack of interest from employees
• Employees did not require formal training
• Other

Cyber security environment - Question identifier18

What are the three main reasons your business or organization spends time on or allocates budget to cyber security measures or related skills training?

Select up to three.

• Allow employees to work remotely securely
• Protect the reputation of the business or organization
• Protect personal information of employees, suppliers, customers or partners
• Protect trade secrets and intellectual property
• Compliance with Canadian laws and regulations
• Compliance with foreign laws and regulations
• Compliance with contracts
• Business or organization has suffered a cyber security incident previously
• Prevent downtime and outages
• Prevent fraud and theft
• Secure continuity of business or organization operations
• Required by cyber risk insurance provider
• OR
• Business or organization does not spend time or money on cyber security measures or related skills training

Cyber security readiness

Cyber security readiness - Question identifier19

Which risk management arrangements does your business or organization currently have in place?

Select all that apply.

• Cyber risk insurance
  What type of cyber risk insurance does your business or organization have?
  • Indirect coverage through an existing insurance policy
  • A cyber-specific add-on to an existing insurance policy
    What type of cyber-specific add-on does your business or organization have?
    • A cyber-specific add-on to an existing insurance policy with under 100k in coverage
    • A cyber-specific add-on to an existing insurance policy with over 100k in coverage
    • Do not know
  • Standalone cyber risk insurance
  • Other
• A procedure for notifying employees of cyber security incidents or threats
• A Business Continuity Plan (BCP) with processes to manage cyber security threats, vulnerabilities, and risks
• Employees with responsibility for overseeing cyber security risks and threats
• Members of senior management with responsibility for decision making regarding cyber security risks, threats and incidents
• A consultant or contractor to manage cyber security risks and threats
• Monthly or more frequent patching or updating of operating systems for security reasons
• Monthly or more frequent patching or updating of software for security reasons
• Recurring mandatory cyber security training for employees
• Backups of digital information
  Where are these backups stored?
  • In the same location as the main storage
  • At a different business or organization location from the main storage
  • At a third-party location
• Investment in threat intelligence
• Participation in a cyber security information sharing community
• OR
• Business or organization does not have any risk management arrangements for cyber security

Cyber security readiness - Question identifier20

What types of written policies related to cyber security does your business or organization currently have in place?

Select all that apply.

• A written policy in place to manage internal cyber security risks
• A written policy in place to manage cyber security risks associated with supply chain partners
  Does your business or organization's written policy associated with supply chain partners cover any of the following?
  • Cyber security risks related to immediate suppliers or partners
  • Cyber security risks related to your business or organization's wider supply chain
• A written policy in place to report cyber security incidents
• A written policy in place to report a cyber security vulnerability
• Other type of written policy related to cyber security
• OR
• The business or organization does not have any written policies related to cyber security

Cyber security readiness - Question identifier21

Why does your business or organization not have a written policy in place to manage cyber security risks associated with supply chain partners?

Select all that apply.

• Lack of time or money to invest in developing or upholding a policy
• Lack of knowledge for how to develop a policy
• Lack of available information regarding supply chain partners
• Creating such a policy is not a priority
• Such a policy is not applicable to this business or organization
• Business or organization has not considered establishing a policy
• Such a policy is not mandated by the Government of Canada
• Other

Cyber security readiness - Question identifier22

Have any of your written cyber security policies been reviewed by third parties, such as cyber security consultants, or external auditors, within the past 2 years?

• Yes
• No
• Do not know

Cyber security readiness - Question identifier23

How would you describe the level of preparedness of your business or organization to defend itself against cyber threats?

• Extremely prepared
• Very prepared
• Somewhat prepared
• Unprepared
• Very unprepared

Cyber security readiness - Question identifier24

Which of the following are covered under your cyber risk insurance policy? Select all that apply.

• Direct losses from an attack or intrusion
• Incident response
• Restoration expenses for software, hardware, and electronic data
• Interruptions (loss of productive time)
• Reputation losses
• Third-party liability
• Cyber extortion or ransom payments
• Financial losses
• Security breach remediation and notification expenses
• Credit monitoring expenses
• Claims made by employees
• Other - Please specify
• OR
• Do not know

Cyber security readiness - Question identifier25

When your business or organization's cyber risk insurance was last up for renewal, did your provider change any of the following?

Select all that apply.

• Higher premiums
• Higher deductibles
• Lower coverage limits
• Additional exclusions
• Co-insurance
• Sub-limits
• Baseline cyber security threshold or cyber security standards checklist required to obtain coverage increased
• Reduced ransomware coverage
• More detailed submissions, including but not limited to, supplemental ransomware questionnaires
• Providing pre-breach services
• Enlisting third-party cyber security firm to conduct additional assessments
• Carrying out external scans of web-facing assets
• Other
  • Please specify
• OR
• No changes were made to the business or organization's cyber risk insurance
• OR
• Do not know

Cyber security readiness - Question identifier26

Why does your business or organization not have cyber risk insurance?

Select all that apply.

• The business or organization's existing insurance policies cover cyber security risks
• The cost of cyber risk insurance is too high
• The business or organization's existing cyber security measures provide enough protection that cyber risk insurance is unnecessary
• The business or organization had no cyber security risks
• The business or organization has not considered obtaining cyber risk insurance
• Not applicable to this business or organization
• Other reasons for not having cyber risk insurance
• OR
• Do not know

Cyber security readiness - Question identifier27

Prior to responding to this survey, were you aware of any cyber security standards or cyber security certification programs that businesses and organizations can apply for?

Include

• Canadian, foreign and international standards and programs;
• standards and programs that you were aware of but your business or organization was not eligible for or did not apply for.

Select all that apply.

• Cyber security standards
  Does your business or organization follow any cyber security standards?
  • Yes
  • No
  • Do not know
• Cyber security certification programs
  Does your business or organization hold any cyber security certifications?
  • Yes
  • No
  • Do not know
• OR
• Not aware of any cyber security standards or certification programs

Cyber security readiness - Question identifier28

Which activities does your business or organization undertake to identify cyber security risks?

Select all that apply.

• Monitoring insider threat risk behaviours
• Monitoring other employee behaviour
• Monitoring network and business or organization systems
• A formal risk assessment of cyber security practices, undertaken by an employee
• A formal risk assessment of cyber security practices, undertaken by an external party
• Penetration testing, undertaken by an employee
• Penetration testing, undertaken by an external party
• Assessment of the security of Internet-connected smart devices or Internet of Things (IoT) devices
• Complete audit of IT systems, undertaken by an external party
• Business or organization conducts other activities to identify cyber security risks
• OR
• Business or organization does not conduct any activity to identify cyber security risks

Cyber security readiness - Question identifier29

How often does your business or organization conduct activities to identify cyber security risks? Select all that apply.

• On a scheduled basis
  On what schedule does your business or organization conduct activities to identify cyber security risks?
  • Daily
  • Weekly
  • Monthly
  • Quarterly
  • Annually
  • Other
• After a cyber security incident occurs
• When a potential vulnerability is discovered
• When a new IT initiative or project is launched
• On an irregular basis

Cyber security readiness - Question identifier30

How often is senior management in your business or organization given an update on actions taken regarding cyber security? Select all that apply.

• On a scheduled basis
  On what schedule does senior management get updates on actions taken regarding cyber security?
  • Daily
  • Weekly
  • Monthly
  • Quarterly
  • Annually
  • Other
• After a cyber security incident occurs
• When a potential vulnerability is discovered
• When a new IT initiative or project is launched
• Senior management have tools to track cyber security issues
• Senior management is given an update on an irregular basis
• OR
• Senior management is not updated on cyber security issues

Cyber security readiness - Question identifier31

Which of the following cyber security resources provided by the federal government has your business or organization used?

Select all that apply.

• Get Cyber Safe campaign
• CyberSecure Canada certification program
• Baseline Cyber Security Controls for Small and Medium Businesses
• Canadian Cyber Security Tool (CCST)
• Ransomware Playbook
• Developing an Operational Technology and Information Technology Incident Response Plan
• Canadian Centre for Cyber Security Top 10 IT Security Actions
• Sector specific guidance or tools
• Other reports, advice or guidance
• OR
• The business or organization has not used any cyber security resources provided by the federal government
• OR
• Do not know

Cyber security incidents

Cyber security incidents - Question identifier32

To the best of your knowledge, which cyber security incidents impacted your business or organization in 2025?

Select all that apply.

• Incidents to disrupt or deface the business or organization or web presence
• Incidents to steal personal or financial information
• Incidents to steal money or demand ransom payment
• Incidents to steal or manipulate intellectual property or business or organization data
• Incidents to access unauthorised or privileged areas
• Incidents to monitor and track business or organization activity
• Incidents with an unknown motive
• OR
• Business or organization was not impacted by any cyber security incidents in 2025

Cyber security incidents - Question identifier33

In 2025, was your business or organization contacted by any of the following external parties regarding their cyber security incidents because they may have involved your business or organization?

Select all that apply.

• Suppliers, customers or partners
• IT consultant or contractor
• Cyber risk insurance provider
• Canadian department, agency, centre or regulator
  Which Canadian departments, agencies, centres or regulators contacted your business or organization?
  • Office of the Privacy Commissioner
  • Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission
  • Competition Bureau
  • Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada
  • Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (Cyber Centre)
  • Canadian Spam Reporting Centre
  • Canada Revenue Agency (CRA)
  • Other
• Foreign department, agency, centre or regulator
• Industry association
• Bank or other financial institution
• Software or service vendor
• Other parties not mentioned above
• OR
• External parties did not report their cyber security incidents to the business or organization in 2025

Cyber security incidents - Question identifier34

You previously indicated that external parties contacted your business or organization about their cyber security incidents because they may have involved your business or organization in 2025. How did your business or organization react to those cyber security incidents?

Select all that apply.

• Incidents were resolved internally
• Incidents were resolved with the external party
• Incidents were resolved through cyber risk insurance
• Incidents were resolved through an IT consultant or contractor
• Incidents were reported to a police service
• Incidents were reported to other external parties
• Business or organization is currently working with the external party to resolve the incidents
• OR
• No action was necessary or not action was taken by the business or organization

Cyber security incidents - Question identifier: 35

In a previous question, you were asked about cyber security incidents that impacted your business or organization. Thinking now about all attempted cyber security attacks or intrusions, regardless of their impact, which of the following did your business experience in 2025?

Select all that apply.

• Attempts to disrupt or deface the business or organization or web presence
• Attempts to steal personal or financial information
• Attempts to steal money or demand ransom payment
• Attempts to steal or manipulate intellectual property or business or organization data
• Attempts to access unauthorised or privileged areas
• Attempts to monitor and track business or organization activity
• Attempted cyber security attacks or intrusions with an unknown motive
• OR
• Business or organization did not experience any attempted cyber security attacks or intrusions in 2025

Cost of cyber security incidents

Cost of cyber security incidents - Question identifier36

In 2025, what was the total amount your business or organization spent to prevent or detect cyber security incidents?

Exclude costs that were incurred specifically due to previous cyber security incidents (e.g., recovery costs from previous cyber security incidents).

If precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate in Canadian dollars.

Enter "0" if there is no value to report.

1. Employee salary related to prevention or detection
2. Cost of training employees, suppliers, customers, or partners
3. Cost of hiring IT consultants or contractors
4. Cost of legal services or public relations (PR) services
5. Cost of cyber security software
6. Cost of hardware related to cyber security
7. Annual cost of cyber risk insurance or equivalent
8. Cost of bug bounty programs and compensation to vulnerability researchers
9. Other related costs

Cost of cyber security incidents - Question identifier37

In 2025, what was the total cost to your business or organization to recover from the cyber security incidents?

Exclude costs related to prevention and detection of cyber security incidents as these were asked in the previous question.

If precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate in Canadian dollars.

Enter "0" if there is no value to report.

1. Employee salary related to recovery
2. Cost of training employees, suppliers, customers, or partners
3. Cost of hiring IT consultants or contractors
4. Cost of legal services or public relations (PR) services
5. Cost of hiring other external parties
6. Cost of new or upgraded cyber security software
7. Cost of new or upgraded hardware related to cyber security
8. Increased cost of cyber risk insurance or equivalent
9. Reimbursing suppliers, customers, or partners
10. Financial penalties from Canadian regulators or authorities
11. Financial penalties from foreign regulators or authorities
12. Ransom payments
13. Additional credit monitoring fees
14. Costs related to notification of a breach
15. Other related costs

Impact of cyber security incidents

Impact of cyber security incidents - Question identifier38

To the best of your knowledge, who perpetrated the cyber security incidents in 2025?

Select all that apply.

• Incidents to disrupt or deface the business or organization or web presence
• Incidents to steal personal or financial information
• Incidents to steal money or demand ransom payment
• Incidents to steal or manipulate intellectual property or business or organization data
• Incidents to access unauthorised or privileged areas
• Incidents to monitor and track business or organization activity
• Incidents with an unknown motive
  • An external party
  • An internal employee
  • Supplier, customer or partner
  • OR
  • Do not know

Impact of cyber security incidents - Question identifier39

What were the methods used by the perpetrator for the cyber security incidents?

Select all that apply.

• Incidents to disrupt or deface the business or organization or web presence
• Incidents to steal personal or financial information
• Incidents to steal money or demand ransom payment
• Incidents to steal or manipulate intellectual property or business or organization data
• Incidents to access unauthorised or privileged areas
• Incidents to monitor and track business or organization activity
• Incidents with an unknown motive
  • Exploiting software, hardware, or network vulnerabilities
  • Password cracking
  • Identity theft
  • Scams and fraud
  • Ransomware
  • Other malicious software
  • Denial of Service (DoS) or Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)
  • Disruption or defacing of web presence
  • Abuse of access privileges by a current or former internal party
  • Other
  • OR
  • Do not know

Impact of cyber security incidents - Question identifier40

You previously indicated that your business or organization has cyber risk insurance. Did your business or organization attempt to make a claim on that policy after the cyber security incidents in 2025?

Select all that apply.

• Yes, we successfully made a claim against the business or organization's cyber risk insurance
• Yes, we attempted to make a claim against the business or organization's cyber risk insurance but were unsuccessful
• Yes, we attempted to make a claim against the business or organization's cyber risk insurance and it is still in progress
• OR
• No, we have not attempted to make a claim for any of the cyber security incidents

Impact of cyber security incidents - Question identifier41

How was your business or organization impacted by the cyber security incidents in 2025?

Select all that apply.

• Loss of revenue
• Loss of suppliers, customers, or partners
• Additional repair or recovery costs
• Prevented the use of resources or services
• Prevented employees from carrying out their day-to-day work
  What percentage of employees were prevented from carrying out their day-to-day work at some point in 2025?
  • Percentage
• Additional time required by employees to complete their day-to-day work
• Damage to the reputation of the business or organization or erosion of public trust
• Financial penalties or fines from Canadian regulators or authorities
• Financial penalties or fines from foreign regulators or authorities
• Discouraged business or organization from carrying out a future activity that was planned
• Minor incidents, impact was minimal to the business or organization
• Manipulation or theft of data or intellectual property
• Compromise of software or hardware
• Required to notify external parties of a breach
• Other
• OR
• Do not know

Impact of cyber security incidents - Question identifier42

As a result of cyber security incidents, approximately how many hours of downtime did your business or organization experience in 2025?

Include

• total downtime for mobile devices, desktops, and network;
• time periods during which there was either reduced activity or inactivity of employees or the business.

If precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate, rounded to the nearest hour.

• Hours
• OR
• Business or organization did not experience any downtime in 2025
• OR
• Do not know

Cyber security incidents reporting

Cyber security incidents reporting - Question identifier43

Did your business or organization report any cyber security incidents to a police service in 2025?

Include all levels of police service including federal(i.e.,Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP)), provincial, territorial, municipal and Indigenous.

• Yes
  Which level of police service did your business or organization report to?
  Select all that apply.
  • Federal
  • Provincial
  • Territorial
  • Municipal
  • Indigenous
• No
• Do not know

Cyber security incidents reporting - Question identifier44

Which cyber security incidents did your business or organization report to a police service in 2025?

Select all that apply.

• Incidents to disrupt or deface the business or organization or web presence
• Incidents to steal personal or financial information
• Incidents to steal money or demand ransom payment
• Incidents to steal or manipulate intellectual property or business or organization data
• Incidents to access unauthorised or privileged areas
• Incidents to monitor and track business or organization activity
• Incidents with an unknown motive

Cyber security incidents reporting - Question identifier45

What were the reasons for reporting incidents to a police service in 2025?

Select all that apply.

• To reduce the damage caused by the incidents
• To lower the probability of other businesses or organizations being impacted by the same incidents
• To help catch the perpetrators
• To fulfill the requirements of customers, suppliers, partners, regulators, cyber security standards or cyber certification programs
• Other
  • Specify other reasons

Cyber security incidents reporting - Question identifier46

What were the reasons for not reporting some or all of the cyber security incidents to a police service in 2025?

Select all that apply.

• Incidents were resolved internally
• Incidents were resolved through an IT consultant or contractor
• To keep knowledge of the incidents internal
• To protect the reputation of the business or organization or stakeholders
• Did not want to spend more time or money on the issue
• Police service would not consider incidents important enough
• Police service was unsatisfactory in the past
• Unsure of where or how to report
• Reporting process is too complicated or unclear
• Did not think the perpetrator would be convicted or adequately punished
• Minor incidents, no value in reporting
• Lack of evidence
• Did not think of contacting a police service
• Incidents were reported to another government department, agency, centre, or regulator
• No requirement to report
• OR
• Business or organization reported all cyber security incidents to a police service in 2025

Cyber security incidents reporting - Question identifier47

Excluding police services, which other external party did your business or organization report the cyber security incidents to in 2025?

Select all that apply.

• Suppliers, customers, or partners
• IT consultant or contractor
• Cyber risk insurance provider
• Canadian department, agency, centre or regulator
  Which Canadian departments, agencies, centres or regulators did you report to?
  Select all that apply.
  • Office of the Privacy Commissioner
  • Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission
  • Competition Bureau
  • Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada
  • Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (Cyber Centre)
  • Canadian Spam Reporting Centre
  • Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre (CAFC)
  • Canada Revenue Agency (CRA)
  • Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS)
  • Other
• Foreign department, agency, centre or regulator
• Industry association
• Bank or other financial institution
• Software or service vendor
• Cyber security employees at other businesses or organizations
• OR
• Business or organization did not report any cyber security incidents to external parties in 2025

Cyber security incidents reporting - Question identifier48

What were the reasons for not reporting some or all the of the cyber security incidents to an external party in 2025?

Select all that apply.

• Incidents were reported to a police service only
• Incidents were resolved internally
• To keep knowledge of the incidents internal
• To protect the reputation of the business or organization or stakeholders
• Lack of evidence
• No obligation or benefit to reporting
• Minor incidents, no value in reporting
• Did not think of reporting the incidents to an external party
• Did not know where to report cyber security incidents
• OR
• Business or organization reported all cyber security incidents to external parties in 2025

Cyber security incidents reporting - Question identifier49

In responding to the cyber security incidents in 2025, which external parties did your business or organization contact for information or advice?

Select all that apply.

• Suppliers, customers, or partners
• IT consultant or contractor
• Cyber risk insurance provider
• Legal services
• Police services
  Which level of police service did your business or organization contact?
  Select all that apply.
  • Federal
  • Provincial
  • Territorial
  • Municipal
  • Indigenous
• Canadian department, agency, centre or regulator
  Which Canadian departments, agencies, centres or regulators did you contact?
  • Office of the Privacy Commissioner
  • Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission
  • Competition Bureau
  • Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada
  • Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (Cyber Centre)
  • Canadian Spam Reporting Centre
  • Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre (CAFC)
  • Canada Revenue Agency (CRA)
  • Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS)
  • Other
• Foreign department, agency, centre or regulator
• Industry association
• Bank or other financial institution
• Software or service vendor
• A cyber security information sharing community
• Other Internet community
• Friends, family, or acquaintances
• Computer repair shop
• Cyber security employees at other businesses or organizations
• OR
• Business or organization did not contact any external parties in 2025

Cyber security incidents reporting - Question identifier50
Did your business or organization report any attempted but unsuccessful cyber security attacks or intrusions to police services or other external parties in 2025?

Include all levels of police service including federal, provincial, territorial, municipal and Indigenous.

• Yes
  Which external parties did your business or organization report the attempted cyber security attacks or intrusions to?
  Select all that apply.
  • Police services
    Which level of police service did your business or organization report to?
    Select all that apply.
    • Federal
    • Provincial
    • Territorial
    • Municipal
    • Indigenous
  • Suppliers, customer or partners
  • IT consultant or contractor
  • Cyber risk insurance provider
  • Canadian department, agency, centre or regulator
    Which Canadian departments, agencies, centres or regulators did you report to?
    Select all that apply.
    • Office of the Privacy Commissioner
    • Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission
    • Competition Bureau
    • Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada
    • Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (Cyber Centre)
    • Canadian Spam Reporting Centre
    • Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre (CAFC)
    • Canada Revenue Agency (CRA)
    • Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS)
    • Other
  • Foreign department, agency, centre or regulator
  • Industry association
  • Banks or other financial institution
  • Software or service vendor
  • Cyber security employees at other businesses or organizations
  • Other
• No
• Do not know

Current cyber security trends

Current cyber security trends - Question identifier51

In 2025, what was the total value of ransom payments made by your business or organization?

• More than $0, but less than or equal to $10,000
• More than $10,000, but less than or equal to $50,000
• More than $50,000, but less than or equal to $100,000
• More than $100,000, but less than or equal to $250,000
• More than $250,000, but less than or equal to $500,000
• More than $500,000
• The business or organization did not make ransom payments in 2025
• Do not know

Current cyber security trends - Question identifier52

In 2025, what form of transaction did your business or organization use to make ransom payments?

Select all that apply.

• Cryptocurrency
• Gift card
• E-transfer
• Via a third party
• Cheque
• Credit or debit card
• Other
  • Please specify

Current cyber security trends - Question identifier53

In 2025, which external parties did your business or organization work with to address ransomware incidents?

Include all external parties your business or organization reported the ransomware incidents to.

Select all that apply.

• IT consultant or contractor
• Cyber risk insurance provider
• Police services
  Which level of police service did your business or organization work with?
  Select all that apply.
  • Federal
  • Provincial
  • Territorial
  • Municipal
  • Indigenous
• Canadian department, agency, centre or regulator
  Which Canadian department, agencies, centres or regulators did you work with?
  Select all that apply.
  • Office of the Privacy Commissioner
  • Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission
  • Competition Bureau
  • Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada
  • Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (Cyber Centre)
  • Canadian Spam Reproting Centre
  • Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre (CAFC)
  • Canada Revenue Agency (CRA)
  • Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS)
  • Other
• Foreign department, agency, centre or regulator
• Industry association
• Bank or other financial institution
• Software or service vendor
• Other external parties
• OR
• The business or organization did not work with external parties to resolve ransomware incidents in 2025
• OR
• Do not know

Current cyber security trends - Question identifier54

In the case of ransomware attacks, does your business or organization have a rule or policy to not pay the ransom?

• The business or organization has a rule or policy to not pay the ransom
• The business or organization does not have a rule or policy to not pay the ransom
• Do not know

Notification of intent to extract web data

Notification of intent to extract web data - Question identifier55

What is this business or organization's website address?

We may also visit this business or organization's website to search for additional publicly available information using automated methods, being careful not to impede the functionality of the website.

• Website address

Introduction

In an important step towards solving Canada’s housing crisis, Statistics Canada is evaluating ways to collect more comprehensive and precise housing data. The Residential Building Occupancy (RBO) Project aims to address gaps and limitations in how housing construction-related information is collected and reported across Canada. It focuses on enhancing timeliness, accuracy, and integration of data sources to better inform decision-making.   

The scope of the RBO project is to improve the process of how this data is captured, standardized, and compared across jurisdictions. The project will develop more streamlined approaches and explore automated solutions. The aim is to increase efficiency in data collection and improve usability for both data providers and data users.    

As part of this initiative, a GCform was created to gather feedback from municipalities on the type, format, and availability of residential building occupancy data they currently collect.

How to get involved

To obtain more information on this engagement initiative or to participate, please contact us by email at consultativeengagement-mobilisationconsultative@statcan.gc.ca

Statistics Canada is committed to respecting the privacy of consultation participants. All personal information created, held, or collected by the agency is kept strictly confidential; it is protected by the Privacy Act. For more information on Statistics Canada's privacy policies, please consult the privacy notice.

Results

Summary results of the engagement initiatives will be published online when available.

Introduction

Purpose

This survey collects data to better evaluate trends in the usage of forage seed varieties.

Authority

This information is collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

Although voluntary, your participation is important so that the information collected is as accurate and complete as possible.

Purpose

The survey collects data on forage seed shipped during the year. Seed trade and professional associations use the data to better evaluate trends in forage seed usage and to conduct market share analysis.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Confidentiality

Your answers are confidential.

By law, Statistics Canada is prohibited from releasing any information it collects that could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent, or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes only.

Data-sharing agreements

Section 12 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with federal, provincial or territorial government organizations.

Under Section 12, you may refuse to share your information with any of these organizations by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician, specifying the organizations with which you do not want Statistics Canada to share your data, and mailing it to the following address:

Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of Director, Enterprise Statistics Division
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0T6

You may also contact us by email at Statistics Canada Help Desk or by fax at 613-951-6583.

For this survey, there are Section 12 agreements with provincial and territorial ministries of agriculture.

For agreements with provincial and territorial government organizations, the shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Record linkage

To enhance the data from this survey and to minimize the reporting burden, Statistics Canada may combine it with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Security of emails and faxes

Statistics Canada advises you that there could be a risk of disclosure during facsimile or email. However upon receipt, Statistics Canada will provide the guaranteed level of protection afforded all information collected under the authority of the Statistics Act.
Note: Our online questionnaires are secure, there is no risk of data interception when responding to Statistics Canada online surveys.

Business or organization and contact information

Business or organization and contact information - Question identifier:1

Please verify or provide the business or organization's legal and operating name and correct where needed. Note: Legal name modifications should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.
Legal name
Operating name (if applicable)

Business or organization and contact information - Question identifier:2

Please verify or provide the contact information of the designated business or organization contact person for this questionnaire and correct where needed. Note: The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire.

First name
Last name
Title
Preferred language of communication
Mailing address (number and street)
City
Province, territory or state
Postal code or ZIP code Example: A9A 9A9 or 12345-1234
Country
Email address Example: user@example.gov.ca
Telephone number (including area code) Example: 123-123-1234
Extension number (if applicable)
Fax number (including area code) Example: 123-123-1234

Business or organization and contact information - Question identifier:3
Please verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

• 1: Operational
• 2: Not currently operational e.g., temporarily or permanently closed, change of ownership

Why is this business or organization not currently operational?

• 1: Seasonal operations
• 2: Ceased operations
• 3: Sold operations
• 4: Amalgamated with (an) other business(es) or organization(s)
• 5: Temporarily inactive but will re-open
• 6: No longer operating due to other reason(s)

Business or organization and contact information - Question identifier:3a

Seasonal operations
When did this business or organization close for the season?
Date:
Example: YYYY-MM-DD
When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
Date:
Example: YYYY-MM-DD

Business or organization and contact information - Question identifier:3b

Ceased operations
When did this business or organization cease operations?
Date:
Example: YYYY-MM-DD
Why did this business or organization cease operations?

• 1: Bankruptcy
• 2: Liquidation
• 3: Dissolution
• 4: Other reasons - specify:

Why did this business or organization cease operations?
Other reasons - specify:

Business or organization and contact information - Question identifier:3c

Sold operations
When was this business or organization sold?
Date:
Example: YYYY-MM-DD
What is the legal name of the buyer?

Business or organization and contact information - Question identifier:3d

Amalgamated with (an) other business(es) or organization(s)
When did this business or organization amalgamate?
Date:
Example: YYYY-MM-DD
What is the legal name of the resulting or continuing business or organization?
What is (are) the legal name(s) of the other amalgamated business(es) or organization(s)?

Business or organization and contact information - Question identifier:3e

Temporarily inactive but will re-open
When did this business or organization become temporarily inactive?
Date:
Example: YYYY-MM-DD
When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
Date:
Example: YYYY-MM-DD
Why is this business or organization temporarily inactive?

Business or organization and contact information - Question identifier:3f

No longer operating due to other reason(s)
When did this business or organization cease operations?
Date:
Example: YYYY-MM-DD
Why did this business or organization cease operations?

Main activity

Main activity - Question identifier:4.

Please verify or provide the current main activity of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name.
Note: The described activity was assigned using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

• 1: This is the current main activity. -- Go to next section
• 2: This is not the current main activity.
  Please provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's main activity.
  e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development

Main activity - Question identifier:5.
Was this business or organization's main activity ever classified as:

• 1: Yes
• 2: No -- Go to next section

Main activity - Question identifier:6.

When did the main activity change?
Date: YYYY / MM / DD

Forage seed shipments

Forage seed shipments - Question identifier:1.
Did this business ship any legumes, grasses or native species to Canadian customers between July 1, 2024 and June 30, 2025?
Note: Only report shipments if you are a forage seed distributor/wholesaler; please report seed sold to retail, farm dealers and direct sales to farmers.
Exclude shipments to:
- other Canadian seed distributors/wholesalers (to avoid counting multiple shipments of the same seed)
- municipal or private seed cleaning plants
- forage seed processors.

• 1: Yes -- Go to question 2
• 2: No -- Go to question 10

Unit of measure

Unit of measure - Question identifier:2.
What unit of measure will be used to report the shipment quantities throughout the questionnaire?

• 1: Pounds
• 2: Kilograms
• 3: Metric tonnes
• 4: Imperial tons

Shipments to Alberta

Shipments to Alberta - Question identifier:3.
For the following forage seeds, what were the quantities of commercial (common) seed or pedigreed seed shipments made to Alberta between July 1, 2024 and June 30, 2025?

Definitions:
Commercial (common seed) refers to non-pedigreed seed whose varietal origin or purity is uncertain.
Pedigreed varieties are grown under crop production and varietal purity standards and can be traced back to plant breeders.
Conversion examples:
1 kilogram = 2.2 pounds
1 metric tonne = 2,200 pounds
1 imperial ton = 2,000 pounds
Legumes

• a: Alfalfa -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Alfalfa -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• b: Bird's-foot trefoil -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Bird's-foot trefoil -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• c: Alsike clover -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Alsike clover -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• d: Red clover - single cut -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Red clover - single cut -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• e: Red clover - double cut -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Red clover - double cut -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• f: Sweet clover -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Sweet clover -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• g: White clover -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  White clover -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• h: Other -- specify other legumes:
  -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped

Grasses and native species

• j: Meadow brome grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Meadow brome grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• k: Smooth brome grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Smooth brome grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• l: Meadow fescue -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Meadow fescue -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• m: Red fescue -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Red fescue -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• n: Tall fescue -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Tall fescue -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• o: Timothy -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Timothy -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• p: Orchard grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Orchard grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• q: Reed canary grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Reed canary grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• r: Annual ryegrass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Annual ryegrass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• s: Perennial ryegrass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Perennial ryegrass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• t: Crested wheat grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Crested wheat grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• u: Intermediate wheat grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Intermediate wheat grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• v: Slender wheat grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Slender wheat grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• w: Other wheat grass varieties -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Other wheat grass varieties -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• x: Wild rye-- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Wild rye -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• y: Other perennial forage species -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Other perennial forage species -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• z: Other -- specify other grass or native species :
  -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped

Shipments to the Atlantic provinces

Shipments to the Atlantic provinces - Question identifier:4.
For the following forage seeds, what were the quantities of commercial (common) seed or pedigreed seed shipments made to Alberta between July 1, 2024 and June 30, 2025?

Definitions:
Commercial (common seed) refers to non-pedigreed seed whose varietal origin or purity is uncertain.
Pedigreed varieties are grown under crop production and varietal purity standards and can be traced back to plant breeders.
Conversion examples:
1 kilogram = 2.2 pounds
1 metric tonne = 2,200 pounds
1 imperial ton = 2,000 pounds
Legumes

• a: Alfalfa -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Alfalfa -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• b: Bird's-foot trefoil -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Bird's-foot trefoil -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• c: Alsike clover -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Alsike clover -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• d: Red clover - single cut -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Red clover - single cut -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• e: Red clover - double cut -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Red clover - double cut -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• f: Sweet clover -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Sweet clover -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• g: White clover -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  White clover -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• h: Other -- specify other legumes:
  -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped

Grasses and native species

• j: Meadow brome grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Meadow brome grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• k: Smooth brome grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Smooth brome grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• l: Meadow fescue -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Meadow fescue -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• m: Red fescue -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Red fescue -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• n: Tall fescue -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Tall fescue -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• o: Timothy -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Timothy -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• p: Orchard grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Orchard grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• q: Reed canary grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Reed canary grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• r: Annual ryegrass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Annual ryegrass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• s: Perennial ryegrass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Perennial ryegrass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• t: Crested wheat grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Crested wheat grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• u: Intermediate wheat grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Intermediate wheat grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• v: Slender wheat grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Slender wheat grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• w: Other wheat grass varieties -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Other wheat grass varieties -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• x: Wild rye-- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Wild rye -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• y: Other perennial forage species -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Other perennial forage species -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• z: Other -- specify other grass or native species :
  -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped

Shipments to British Columbia

Shipments to British Columbia - Question identifier:5.
For the following forage seeds, what were the quantities of commercial (common) seed or pedigreed seed shipments made to British Columbia between July 1, 2024 and June 30, 2025?
Definitions:
Commercial (common seed) refers to non-pedigreed seed whose varietal origin or purity is uncertain.
Pedigreed varieties are grown under crop production and varietal purity standards and can be traced back to plant breeders.
Conversion examples:
1 kilogram = 2.2 pounds
1 metric tonne = 2,200 pounds
1 imperial ton = 2,000 pounds
Legumes

• a: Alfalfa -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Alfalfa -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• b: Bird's-foot trefoil -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Bird's-foot trefoil -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• c: Alsike clover -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Alsike clover -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• d: Red clover - single cut -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Red clover - single cut -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• e: Red clover - double cut -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Red clover - double cut -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• f: Sweet clover -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Sweet clover -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• g: White clover -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  White clover -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• h: Other -- specify other legumes:
  -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped

Grasses and native species

• j: Meadow brome grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Meadow brome grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• k: Smooth brome grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Smooth brome grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• l: Meadow fescue -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Meadow fescue -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• m: Red fescue -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Red fescue -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• n: Tall fescue -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Tall fescue -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• o: Timothy -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Timothy -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• p: Orchard grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Orchard grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• q: Reed canary grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Reed canary grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• r: Annual ryegrass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Annual ryegrass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• s: Perennial ryegrass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Perennial ryegrass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• t: Crested wheat grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Crested wheat grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• u: Intermediate wheat grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Intermediate wheat grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• v: Slender wheat grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Slender wheat grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• w: Other wheat grass varieties -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Other wheat grass varieties -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• x: Wild rye-- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Wild rye -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• y: Other perennial forage species -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Other perennial forage species -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• z: Other -- specify other grass or native species :
  -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped

Shipments to Manitoba

Shipments to Manitoba - Question identifier:6.
For the following forage seeds, what were the quantities of commercial (common) seed or pedigreed seed shipments made to Manitoba between July 1, 2024 and June 30, 2025?

Definitions:
Commercial (common seed) refers to non-pedigreed seed whose varietal origin or purity is uncertain.
Pedigreed varieties are grown under crop production and varietal purity standards and can be traced back to plant breeders.
Conversion examples:
1 kilogram = 2.2 pounds
1 metric tonne = 2,200 pounds
1 imperial ton = 2,000 pounds
Legumes

• a: Alfalfa -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Alfalfa -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• b: Bird's-foot trefoil -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Bird's-foot trefoil -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• c: Alsike clover -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Alsike clover -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• d: Red clover - single cut -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Red clover - single cut -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• e: Red clover - double cut -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Red clover - double cut -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• f: Sweet clover -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Sweet clover -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• g: White clover -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  White clover -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• h: Other -- specify other legumes:
  -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped

Grasses and native species

• j: Meadow brome grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Meadow brome grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• k: Smooth brome grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Smooth brome grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• l: Meadow fescue -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Meadow fescue -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• m: Red fescue -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Red fescue -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• n: Tall fescue -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Tall fescue -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• o: Timothy -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Timothy -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• p: Orchard grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Orchard grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• q: Reed canary grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Reed canary grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• r: Annual ryegrass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Annual ryegrass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• s: Perennial ryegrass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Perennial ryegrass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• t: Crested wheat grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Crested wheat grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• u: Intermediate wheat grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Intermediate wheat grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• v: Slender wheat grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Slender wheat grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• w: Other wheat grass varieties -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Other wheat grass varieties -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• x: Wild rye-- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Wild rye -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• y: Other perennial forage species -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Other perennial forage species -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• z: Other -- specify other grass or native species :
  -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped

Shipments to Ontario

Shipments to Ontario - Question identifier:7.
For the following forage seeds, what were the quantities of commercial (common) seed or pedigreed seed shipments made to Ontario between July 1, 2024 and June 30, 2025?

Definitions:
Commercial (common seed) refers to non-pedigreed seed whose varietal origin or purity is uncertain.
Pedigreed varieties are grown under crop production and varietal purity standards and can be traced back to plant breeders.
Conversion examples:
1 kilogram = 2.2 pounds
1 metric tonne = 2,200 pounds
1 imperial ton = 2,000 pounds
Legumes

• a: Alfalfa -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Alfalfa -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• b: Bird's-foot trefoil -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Bird's-foot trefoil -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• c: Alsike clover -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Alsike clover -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• d: Red clover - single cut -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Red clover - single cut -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• e: Red clover - double cut -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Red clover - double cut -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• f: Sweet clover -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Sweet clover -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• g: White clover -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  White clover -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• h: Other -- specify other legumes:
  -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped

Grasses and native species

• j: Meadow brome grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Meadow brome grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• k: Smooth brome grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Smooth brome grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• l: Meadow fescue -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Meadow fescue -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• m: Red fescue -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Red fescue -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• n: Tall fescue -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Tall fescue -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• o: Timothy -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Timothy -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• p: Orchard grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Orchard grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• q: Reed canary grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Reed canary grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• r: Annual ryegrass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Annual ryegrass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• s: Perennial ryegrass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Perennial ryegrass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• t: Crested wheat grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Crested wheat grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• u: Intermediate wheat grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Intermediate wheat grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• v: Slender wheat grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Slender wheat grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• w: Other wheat grass varieties -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Other wheat grass varieties -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• x: Wild rye-- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Wild rye -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• y: Other perennial forage species -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Other perennial forage species -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• z: Other -- specify other grass or native species :
  -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped

Shipments to Quebec

Shipments to Quebec - Question identifier:8.
For the following forage seeds, what were the quantities of commercial (common) seed or pedigreed seed shipments made to Quebec between July 1, 2024 and June 30, 2025?

Definitions:
Commercial (common seed) refers to non-pedigreed seed whose varietal origin or purity is uncertain.
Pedigreed varieties are grown under crop production and varietal purity standards and can be traced back to plant breeders.
Conversion examples:
1 kilogram = 2.2 pounds
1 metric tonne = 2,200 pounds
1 imperial ton = 2,000 pounds
Legumes

• a: Alfalfa -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Alfalfa -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• b: Bird's-foot trefoil -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Bird's-foot trefoil -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• c: Alsike clover -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Alsike clover -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• d: Red clover - single cut -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Red clover - single cut -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• e: Red clover - double cut -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Red clover - double cut -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• f: Sweet clover -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Sweet clover -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• g: White clover -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  White clover -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• h: Other -- specify other legumes:
  -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped

Grasses and native species

• j: Meadow brome grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Meadow brome grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• k: Smooth brome grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Smooth brome grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• l: Meadow fescue -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Meadow fescue -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• m: Red fescue -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Red fescue -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• n: Tall fescue -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Tall fescue -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• o: Timothy -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Timothy -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• p: Orchard grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Orchard grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• q: Reed canary grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Reed canary grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• r: Annual ryegrass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Annual ryegrass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• s: Perennial ryegrass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Perennial ryegrass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• t: Crested wheat grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Crested wheat grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• u: Intermediate wheat grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Intermediate wheat grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• v: Slender wheat grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Slender wheat grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• w: Other wheat grass varieties -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Other wheat grass varieties -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• x: Wild rye-- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Wild rye -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• y: Other perennial forage species -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Other perennial forage species -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• z: Other -- specify other grass or native species :
  -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped

Shipments to Saskatchewan

Shipments to Saskatchewan - Question identifier:9.
For the following forage seeds, what were the quantities of commercial (common) seed or pedigreed seed shipments made to Saskatchewan between July 1, 2024 and June 30, 2025?

Definitions:
Commercial (common seed) refers to non-pedigreed seed whose varietal origin or purity is uncertain.
Pedigreed varieties are grown under crop production and varietal purity standards and can be traced back to plant breeders.
Conversion examples:
1 kilogram = 2.2 pounds
1 metric tonne = 2,200 pounds
1 imperial ton = 2,000 pounds
Legumes

• a: Alfalfa -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Alfalfa -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• b: Bird's-foot trefoil -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Bird's-foot trefoil -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• c: Alsike clover -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Alsike clover -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• d: Red clover - single cut -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Red clover - single cut -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• e: Red clover - double cut -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Red clover - double cut -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• f: Sweet clover -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Sweet clover -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• g: White clover -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  White clover -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• h: Other -- specify other legumes:
  -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped

Grasses and native species

• j: Meadow brome grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Meadow brome grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• k: Smooth brome grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Smooth brome grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• l: Meadow fescue -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Meadow fescue -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• m: Red fescue -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Red fescue -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• n: Tall fescue -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Tall fescue -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• o: Timothy -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Timothy -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• p: Orchard grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Orchard grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• q: Reed canary grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Reed canary grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• r: Annual ryegrass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Annual ryegrass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• s: Perennial ryegrass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Perennial ryegrass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• t: Crested wheat grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Crested wheat grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• u: Intermediate wheat grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Intermediate wheat grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• v: Slender wheat grass -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Slender wheat grass -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• w: Other wheat grass varieties -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Other wheat grass varieties -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• x: Wild rye-- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Wild rye -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• y: Other perennial forage species -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  Other perennial forage species -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped
• z: Other -- specify other grass or native species :
  -- Quantity of commercial (common) seed shipped
  -- Quantity of pedigreed seed shipped

Changes or Events

Changes or Events - Question identifier:10.
Please indicate below, any changes or events that may have affected the reported values for this business or organization compared to the last reporting period
Mark all that apply:

• : Price changes in goods or services sold
• : Price changes in labour or raw materials
• : Natural disaster
• : Sold business units
• : Expansion
• : Other change or event -- please specify:
• : OR
• : No change or event

Contact person

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Otherwise, who is the best person to contact about this questionnaire?
First name
Last name
Title
Email address (example: user@example.gov.ca)
Telephone number (including area code)
Example: 123-123-1234
Extension number (if applicable)
Fax number (including area code)
Example: 123-123-1234

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Data element manual for survey respondents

Canadian centre for education statistics division, Statistics Canada.

Table of Contents

• Authority to Collect Data
• Coverage
• Reporting Options
• Reporting Date
• Further Information
• Table 1: Record layout – Standard UCASS variables
• Table 2: Record layout – Nominal UCASS variables
• Survey Elements
  • Element 01: Reporting Institution
    • Table 3: List of institutions
  • Element 02: Permanent Identification Number
  • Element 03: Gender
  • Element 04: Year of Birth
  • Element 05: Department
    • Table 4: List of Department codes
  • Element 06: Salary Status
  • Element 07: Actual Salary
  • Element 08: Annual Rate of Salary
  • Element 09: Administrative Stipends
  • Element 10: Senior Administrative Responsibilities, Researchers and Visitors
  • Element 11: Number of Months on Sabbatical Leave During the Current Academic Year
  • Element 12: Number of Months on Unpaid Leave During the Current Academic Year
  • Element 13: Reduced Load
  • Element 14: Previous Employment
  • Element 15: Province or Country of Previous Employment
    • Table 5: Alphabetical Listing of Province and Country Codes
  • Element 16: Year of First Degree
  • Element 17: Province or Country of First Degree
  • Element 18: Level of Highest Earned Degree
  • Element 19: Year of Highest Earned Degree
  • Element 20: Province or Country of Highest Degree
  • Element 21: Country of Citizenship at Time of Appointment
  • Element 22: Rank
  • Element 23: Year of Appointment to Present Rank at Current Institution
  • Element 24: Type of Appointment
  • Element 25: Medical or Dental Appointment Category
  • Element 26: Year of Appointment to Current Institution
  • Element 27: Principal Subject Taught
    • Table 6: Numerical Listing of CIP Codes
  • Element 28: First Name
  • Element 29: Last Name
  • Element 30: Date of birth

Authority to Collect Data

The information requested in this survey is collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S19. This survey is mandatory in accordance with the Statistics Act.

This data collection is the only source of national level information on full-time teaching staff in Canadian public degree granting institutions, and is used by a variety of federal, provincial, and international organizations and governments, postsecondary institutions and individual researchers.

Statistics Canada is prohibited by law from publishing any statistics which would divulge information obtained from this data collection that relates to any identifiable individual. Furthermore, the confidentiality provisions of the Statistics Act are not affected by either the Access to Information Act or any other legislation. Additionally, institution level data from this data collection will only be published and made available to the public, if written permission is provided to Statistics Canada in the form of a signed authorization form from the participating institution.

Coverage

Data should be submitted for all full-time teaching staff employed in public or private degree granting institutions that receive funding from a provincial or territorial ministry of education as of October 1 of the reporting year. The affiliates and other related colleges of these institutions may be reported by the parent institution or independently. As well, please include full-time research staff who have an academic rank and a salary scale similar to teaching staff.

This data collection includes full-time teaching staff that spend the majority of their teaching time on credit courses leading to degree programs (as opposed to continuing education courses, special interest courses or courses in a program that do not lead to a degree).

Full-time include:

1. Staff appointed on a full-time basis whose term of appointment is not less than twelve months (include any staff member on leave).
2. New appointees hired on a full-time basis whose term of contract is twelve months but for the first year he/she can only be at the institution for less than twelve months.
3. Staff who were appointed to teach full-time (12 months or more) and at a later date have entered into a formal agreement with the institution to work on a reduced load basis. This situation usually arises with staff members who are approaching retirement.

Teaching staff included in the survey:

1. All academic staff within faculties (colleges, schools, etc.) who are full-time teachers, researchers (meeting the above criteria), and/or senior academic staff, i.e., deans, chairperson, directors etc.
2. All full-time teachers within faculties, whether or not they hold an academic rank.
3. Full-time academic staff in teaching hospitals (see element 25 for details).
4. Visiting full-time academic staff in faculties.
5. Full-time research staff that have an academic rank and a salary scale similar to teaching staff.

Staff excluded from this survey:

1. Administrators solely responsible for university administration, i.e., president, vice-president, registrar, comptroller, etc.
2. Administrative assistants within faculties (colleges, schools, etc.).
3. Librarians.
4. Non-academic support staff both in faculties (college, school, etc.) and other university departments.
5. Markers, demonstrators, lab assistants, etc.
6. Graduate teaching assistants.
7. Postdoctoral fellows.
8. Academic staff within faculties (colleges, schools, etc.) who have been hired as researchers without academic rank and/or whose salary scales are different from teaching staff.

New Content

As a result of the 2023/2024 feasibility study, three new variables have been added to this data collection. They are first name, last name and date of birth of the staff member. This nominal information is required to perform data linkages and is used for statistical purposes only. Once the data are linked, an anonymized person-level key replaces all personal identifiers. (See elements 28, 29, and 30 for further details).

Only Institutions that have accepted the expanded data request are invited to provide this information for their academic teaching staff. This information can be included in the ‘Nominal Information Nominale’ tab of the Edit Checker or Excel file.

If your institution has chosen not to provide this information, then NO ACTION is required on your part regarding these three new variables.

Reporting Options

Statistics Canada provides the institutions with an "Edit Checker" (tool) that includes their previous year's data for each teaching staff member, for updating. The data elements will be arranged in the same order as the record layouts. Once the current year's data has been loaded in this tool, it runs a number of preliminary edits on the data that will prompt the respondent to address common reporting issues.

Updating Instructions:

Returning teaching staff: Please update any data elements that changed since the last survey. Elements that typically change from year to year are: actual salary, annual rate of salary, administrative stipends, senior administrative responsibilities, researchers and visitors' code, reduced load, number of months on sabbatical leave, and number of months on unpaid leave during the current academic year. Elements that change less frequently include level of highest earned degree, year of highest earned degree, province/country of highest degree, rank, year of appointment to present rank at current institution and principal subject taught.

New teaching staff: Institutions are required to provide all data elements for each new teaching staff reported.

Non–returning staff: Please delete the record.

While it is preferred that the “Edit Checker” tool is used, institutions can also send Statistics Canada the individual data for each full-time teaching staff member in an EXCEL format. Please use the codes provided in this Data Element Manual and list the data elements in the order they appear in the record layouts on page 6.

To ensure the confidentiality of data during transmission, Statistics Canada requires that all information is sent through their "Electronic File Transfer" (EFT) service. Information on sending and receiving files through this secure internet-based service is included in the annual request for information or can be obtained by contacting the UCASS team.

Reporting Date

Most data elements in this survey are to be reported as of October 1 (a "snap shot" of the survey). However, the following data elements are not conceptually a snapshot and are reported on a 12 month basis: Number of months on sabbatical leave, Number of months on unpaid leave, Reduced load, and Actual salary.

Further Information

Please direct inquiries to:

Table 1: Record layout – Standard UCASS variables

Size	Position	Type	Title
8	1 to 8	N	Reporting institution
9	9 to 17	AN	Permanent identification number
1	18	N	Gender
4	19 to 22	N	Year of birth
2	23 to 24	N	Department
1	25	N	Salary status
7	26 to 32	N	Actual salary
7	33 to 39	N	Annual rate of salary
6	40 to 45	N	Administrative stipends
1	46	N	Senior administrative responsibilities, reseachers and visitors
2	47 to 48	N	Number of months on sabbatical leave during the current academic year
2	49 to 50	N	Number of months of unpaid leave during the current academic year
2	51 to 52	N	Reduced load
2	53 to 54	N	Previous employment
5	55 to 59	N	Province or country of previous employment
4	60 to 63	N	Year of first degree
5	64 to 68	N	Province or country of first degree
1	69	N	Level of highest earned degree
4	70 to 73	N	Year of highest earned degree
5	74 to 78	N	Province or country of highest degree
5	79 to 83	N	Country of citizenship at time of appointment
1	84	N	Rank
4	85 to 88	N	Year of appointment to present rank at current institution
1	89	N	Type of appointment
1	90	N	Medical or dental appointment category
4	91 to 94	N	Year of appointment to current institution
4	95 to 98	N	Principal subject taught

Table 2: Record layout – Nominal UCASS variables

Size	Position	Type	Title
8	1 to 8	N	Reporting institution
9	9 to 17	AN	Permanent identification number
20	18 to 37	Char	First name
20	38 to 57	Char	Last name
8	58 to 65	N	Date of birth

Survey Elements

Element 01: Reporting Institution

Description:

An 8 digit code assigned by Statistics Canada to identify the reporting institution.

Notes:

These codes are structured as follows:

• Digits 1-2: Province in which the institution is located
• Digits 3-5: Institution
• Digits 6-8: Campus (if applicable)

Codes:

Please see the following pages for a list of institution codes.

Table 3: List of institutions

Code	Institution Name
Newfoundland and Labrador
10001000	Memorial University of Newfoundland
Prince Edward Island
11001000	University of Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
12001000	Acadia University
12001002	Acadia Divinity College
12002000	Atlantic School of Theology
12003000	Cape Breton University
12004000	Dalhousie University
12005000	University of King's College
12006000	Mount Saint Vincent University
12008000	Nova Scotia College of Art and Design University (NSCAD)
12010000	Université Sainte-Anne
12011000	St. Francis Xavier University
12012000	Saint Mary's University
New Brunswick
13002000	Mount Allison University
13003000	University of New Brunswick
13004000	Université de Moncton (parent)
13005000	St. Thomas University
Quebec
24001000	Bishop's University
24002000	McGill University
24003000	Université de Montréal
24003002	Polytechnique Montréal
24003003	École des hautes études commerciales
24005000	Université Laval
24006000	Université de Sherbrooke
24007000	Concordia University
24008000	Université du Québec à Chicoutimi
24009000	Université du Québec à Montréal
24010000	Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue
24011000	Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières
24012000	Université du Québec en Outaouais
24013000	Université du Québec, École nationale d'administration publique (ENAP)
24014000	Université du Québec, Institut national de la recherche scientifique
24015000	Université du Québec à Rimouski
24016000	Université du Québec, École de technologie supérieure
24017000	Université du Québec, Télé-université du Québec (TÉLUQ)
Ontario
35001000	Brock University
35001003	Concordia Lutheran Theological Seminary
35002000	Carleton University
35004000	University of Guelph
35005000	Lakehead University
35006000	Laurentian University of Sudbury/Université Laurentienne de Sudbury
35007000	McMaster University
35008000	Nipissing University
35010000	University of Ottawa/Université d'Ottawa
35010002	Saint-Paul University/Université Saint-Paul
35011000	Queen's University
35014000	Ryerson University
35015000	University of Toronto
35015004	St. Augustine's Seminary
35015005	University of St. Michael's College
35015006	University of Trinity College
35015007	Victoria University
35015008	Knox College
35015009	Wycliffe College
35015011	Regis College
35016000	Trent University
35017000	University of Waterloo
35017002	St. Jerome's University
35017003	Renison University College
35017004	Conrad Grebel University College
35018000	University of Western Ontario
35018003	Huron University College
35018004	King's College
35019000	Wilfred Laurier University
35020000	University of Windsor
35021000	York University
35022000	Ontario College of Art and Design
35023000	University of Ontario Institute of Technology
35024000	Algoma University College
35026000	Université de Sudbury/University of Sudbury
35027000	Université de Hearst
35028000	Huntington University
35029000	Thorneloe University
Manitoba
46001000	Brandon University
46002000	Canadian Mennonite University
46005000	University of Manitoba
46005002	Université de Saint-Boniface
46006000	University of Winnipeg
Saskatchewan
47004000	University of Regina
47004002	Campion College
47004003	Luther College
47005000	University of Saskatchewan
47005002	College of Emmanuel and St. Chad
47005003	Lutheran Theological Seminary
47005004	St. Andrew's College
47005005	St. Thomas More College
47005008	Horizon College & Seminary
Alberta
48001000	University of Alberta
48002000	Athabasca University
48005000	University of Calgary
48007000	Burman University
48008000	Concordia University of Edmonton
48009000	University of Lethbridge
48011000	The King's University College
48014000	Ambrose University
48015000	Grant MacEwan University
48029000	Mount Royal University
British Columbia
59001000	University of British Columbia
59002000	University of Northern British Columbia
59005000	Royal Roads University
59007000	Simon Fraser University
59009000	University of Victoria
59048000	Thompson Rivers University
59049000	Capilano University
59051000	Vancouver Island University
59052000	Emily Carr University of Art and Design
59053000	Kwantlen Polytechnic University
59054000	University of the Fraser Valley
Yukon
60002000	Yukon University

Element 02: Permanent Identification Number

Description:

A nine - digit code chosen by the institution which identifies each staff member.

Notes:

This code should be unique, never be re-assigned and remain the same from year to year for each individual staff member. 

Alpha-numeric codes may be used.

Please ensure that there are no duplicate permanent identification numbers.

This element must not be blank.

Codes:

As assigned by the institution.

Element 03: Gender

Description:

A one - digit element to report the gender of the staff member.

Notes:

Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman). 

Gender includes the following concepts: 

• gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually;
• gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender.

A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's license. A person's gender may change over time. Some people may not identify with a specific gender.

Man includes persons whose reported gender is male.  This includes cisgender (cis) and transgender (trans) men.

Woman includes persons whose reported gender is female.  This includes cisgender (cis) and transgender (trans) women. 

Non-binary person includes persons whose reported gender is not exclusively male or female.  It includes persons whose reported gender is, for example, agender, pangender, genderqueer, genderfluid, or gender-nonconforming. It also includes persons whose reported gender is Two-Spirit, a term specific to some Indigenous peoples of North America. It includes persons whose reported gender is both male and female, neither male nor female, or either male or female in addition to another gender. It may also include those who reported or were reported by proxy as questioning or in the process of deciding.

Unknown includes persons whose gender was not reported by the staff member and is not known to the institution.

Codes:

1.  Man
2.  Woman
3.  Non-binary person  
9.  Unknown

Source: This standard was approved as a departmental-recommended standard on October 1, 2021. For more information, please consult Classification of gender and Gender of person.

Element 04: Year of Birth

Description:

A four - digit element to report the staff member's year of birth.

Codes:

Four digits of the year of birth.

Element 05: Department

Description:

A two - digit code to report the department to which the staff member is appointed.

Notes:

Please note that previously, reporting this data element was optional but is now mandatory.

Please report the department using the 2 - digit Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 codes listed on the following pages.

For cross appointments, please report the department in which the staff member spends the majority of their time.

Codes:

The list of 2 - digit CIP codes is given on the following pages.

Table 4: List of Department codes

Code	Title	Description
01	Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields	This series comprises instructional programs that focus on agriculture, animal, plant, veterinary and related sciences and that prepare individuals to apply specific knowledge, methods, and techniques to the management and performance of agricultural and veterinary operations.
03	Natural Resources and Conservation	This series comprises instructional programs that focus on the various natural resources and conservation fields and prepare individuals for related occupations.
04	Architecture and Related Services	This series comprises instructional programs that prepare individuals for professional practice in the various architecture-related fields and focus on the study of related aesthetic and socioeconomic aspects of the built environment.
05	Area, Ethnic, Cultural, Gender and Group Studies	This series comprises instructional programs that focus on defined areas, regions, and countries of the world; defined minority groups within and across societies; and issues relevant to collective gender and group experience.
09	Communication, Journalism and Related Programs	This series comprises instructional programs that focus on how messages in various media are produced, used, and interpreted within and across different contexts, channels, and cultures, and that prepare individuals to apply communication knowledge and skills professionally.
10	Communications technologies/technicians and support services	This series comprises instructional programs that prepare individuals to function as equipment operators, support technicians, and operations managers in the film/video, recording, and graphic communications industries.
11	Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services	This series comprises instructional programs that focus on the computer and information sciences and prepare individuals for various occupations in information technology and computer operations fields.
13	Education	This series comprises instructional programs that focus on the theory and practice of learning and teaching, and related research, administrative and support services.
14	Engineering	This series comprises instructional programs that prepare individuals to apply mathematical and scientific principles to the solution of practical problems.
15	Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	This series comprises instructional programs that prepare individuals to apply basic engineering principles and technical skills in support of engineering and related projects.
16	Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	This series comprises instructional programs that focus on Indigenous and foreign languages and literatures, the humanistic and scientific study of linguistics, and the provision of professional interpretation and translation services.
19	Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences	This series comprises instructional programs that focus on the human interface with the physical, social, emotional, and intellectual environments and the developmental stages and needs of individuals in the interrelated spheres of family, workplace, and community.
22	Legal Professions and Studies	This series comprises instructional programs that prepare individuals for the legal profession, for related support professions and professional legal research, and focus on the study of legal issues in non-professional programs.
23	English Language and Literature/Letters	This series comprises instructional programs that focus on the structure and use of the English language and dialects, speech, writing, and various aspects of the literatures and cultures of the English-speaking peoples.
24	Liberal Arts and Sciences, General Studies and Humanities	This series comprises general instructional programs and independent or individualized studies in the liberal arts subjects, the humanities disciplines and the general curriculum.
25	Library Science	This series comprises instructional programs that focus on the knowledge and skills required for managing and/or maintaining libraries and related information and record systems, collections and facilities for research and general use.
26	Biological and Biomedical Sciences	This series comprises instructional programs that focus on the biological sciences and the non-clinical biomedical sciences, and that prepare individuals for research and professional careers as biologists and biomedical scientists.
27	Mathematics and Statistics	This series comprises instructional programs that focus on the systematic study of logical symbolic language and its applications.
28	Military Science, Leadership and Operational Art	This series comprises instructional programs that provide professional education and training of military officers in leadership, military science and operational studies, security policy and strategy, military economics and management, and pre-officer training.
29	Military Technologies and Applied Sciences	This series comprises instructional programs that prepare individuals in specialized and advanced subject matter for the Armed forces and national security organizations, including intelligence operations, military applied sciences, and military technologies.
30	Multidisciplinary/Interdisciplinary Studies	This series comprises instructional programs that derive from two or more distinct programs to provide a cross-cutting focus on a subject concentration that is not subsumed under a single discipline or occupational field.
31	Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	This series comprises instructional programs that focus on the principles and practices of managing parks and other recreational and fitness facilities; providing recreational, leisure and fitness services; and the study of human fitness.
38	Philosophy and Religious Studies	This series comprises instructional programs that focus on logical inquiry, philosophical analysis, and the academic study of organized systems of belief and religious practices.
39	Theology and Religious Vocations	This series comprises instructional programs that focus on the intramural study of theology and that prepare individuals for the professional practice of religious vocations.
40	Physical Sciences	This series comprises instructional programs that focus on the scientific study of inanimate objects, processes of matter and energy, and associated phenomena.
42	Psychology	This series comprises instructional programs that focus on the scientific study of the behaviour of individuals, independently or collectively, and the physical and environmental bases of mental, emotional, and neurological activity.
43	Security and Protective Services	This series comprises instructional programs that focus on the principles and procedures for providing police, fire, specialized security and protective services, other safety services and managing penal institutions.
44	Public Administration and Social Service Professions	This series comprises instructional programs that prepare individuals to analyze, manage, and deliver public programs and services.
45	Social Sciences	This series comprises instructional programs that focus on the systematic study of social systems, social institutions, and social behaviour.
50	Visual and Performing Arts	This series comprises instructional programs that focus on the creation and interpretation of works and performances that use auditory, kinesthetic, and visual phenomena to express ideas and emotions in various forms, subject to aesthetic criteria.
51	Health Professions and Related Programs	This series comprises instructional programs that prepare individuals to practice as licensed professionals and assistants in the health care professions and related clinical sciences and administrative and support services.
52	Business, Management, Marketing and Related Support Services	This series comprises instructional programs that prepare individuals to perform managerial, technical support, and applied research functions related to the operation of commercial and non-profit enterprises and the buying and selling of goods and services.
54	History	This series comprises instructional programs that focus on the study and interpretation of past events, institutions, issues, and cultures.
55	French Language and Literature/Letters	This series comprises instructional programs that focus on the structure and use of the French language and dialects, speech, writing, and various aspects of the literatures and cultures of the French-speaking peoples.
60	Health professions residency/fellowship programs	This series comprises residency and fellowship programs that prepare dentists (DDS, DMD), nurse practitioners, pharmacists (PharmD), physician assistants, and veterinarians (DVM) for certification as practitioners of recognized specialties in their respective professions. These programs are approved and accredited by designated professional associations. Residency or fellowship programs that also result in the completion of an academic degree (e.g., MS, MSc, PhD), should be reported under the appropriate CIP code, rather than in a residency code located in Series 60.
61	Medical residency/fellowship programs	This series comprises residency and fellowship programs that prepare physicians (MD), osteopathic physicians (DO), and podiatrists (DPM) for certification as practitioners of recognized medical specialties. These programs are approved and accredited by designated professional associations and require from one to seven years to complete, depending on the program. Residency or fellowship programs that also result in the completion of an academic degree (e.g., MS, MSc, PhD), should be reported under one of the clinical sciences codes located in Series 26. Biological and biomedical sciences or in subseries 51.14 Medical clinical sciences/graduate medical studies, rather than in a residency code located in Series 61.

Element 06: Salary Status

Description:

A one - digit element to identify the salary status of the staff members.

Codes:

1. Staff members who are paid according to regular salary scales. This can include lay or religious staff.

2. All staff members paid according to salary scales that are lower than regular salary scales. This can include religious, military or other staff.

Element 07: Actual Salary

Description:

A seven - digit element to report the actual gross salary (including vacation pay) that the staff member is expected to receive during the salary year.

Please exclude stipends or other honoraria for administrative duties. Any extra payments such as those received for summer employment, extension work, or others are also to be excluded.

Notes:

Please note that every staff member should have an actual salary reported.

The reported actual salary should reflect all newly negotiated settlements applicable as of October 1 and should not include expected increases or adjustments which may become effective at a later date. If salaries are not negotiated by that date, please report the newly negotiated settlement applicable as of October 1, when they become known.

For medical/dental staff, it is understood that, in most cases, the institution itself, provincial medical care institutions (e.g. hospitals) and/or medical care plan contribute to the staff member's salary at an agreed upon ratio. In some institutions, staff receive all their remuneration directly from the university and the university bills the hospital (or medical care plan) for the latter's share. In other cases, the staff member receives remuneration from the university, the hospitals and/or medical care plan. In order to keep the actual salary reported as comparable as possible among institutions, please include, for medical/dental staff, both the university contribution and the contribution by hospitals and/or medical care plans (excluding special grants, fees for services to patients, guarantees, etc.).

The following elements will affect the actual salary:

1. Element 11: "Number of months on sabbatical leave during the current academic year": For example, if the staff member had a non 100% reimbursed sabbatical leave, it is expected that the actual salary reported would be reduced.
2. Element 12: "Number of months on unpaid leave during the current academic year". For example, if the staff member took 6 months of unpaid leave, it is expected that the actual salary would be reduced by about 50%.
3. Element 13: "Reduced load". For example, if a staff member had a 75% load reduction, it is expected that the actual salary would be reduced to 75% of the annual rate of salary.

Exclusions:

Administrative stipends and other honorarium for administrative duties.

Research grants.

Extra payments such as those for overload, extension and summer employment.

Codes:

Seven - digit numeric value (without decimals)

0000000. Only those staff who are on leave without pay for the whole salary year or staff who do not receive an allowance or salary.

Element 08: Annual Rate of Salary

Description:

A seven - digit element to report the annual gross salary (including vacation pay) the staff member is expected to receive during the salary year.

Please exclude stipends or other honoraria for administrative duties. Any extra payments such as those received for summer employment, extension work, or others are also to be excluded.

Notes:

The reported annual rate of salary should reflect all newly negotiated settlement applicable as of October 1 and should not include expected increases or adjustment which may become effective at a later date. If salaries are not negotiated by that date, please report the newly negotiated settlement applicable as of October 1, when they become known.

For those staff on sabbatical leave, unpaid leave and reduced load please report the annual gross salary that would have been paid had the staff member not gone on leave or had a reduced load.

The "Annual Rate of Salary" will be the same as the "Actual Salary" (Element 07) where the staff member is employed for the full 12 months of the year and is not on an unpaid leave, reduced load or 100% non-reimbursed sabbatical leave.

For medical/dental staff, please report (on an annual rate basis), the staff member's income from all sources including operating and trust funds from the university, hospitals and/or medical care plans, and special grants from health or research agencies but excluding fees for service to patients and guarantees. The reported income should relate to the university appointment only and not to outside activities unrelated to this appointment.

Exclusions:

Administrative stipends and other honorarium for administrative duties.

Research grants.

Extra payments such as those for overload, extension and summer employment.

Codes:

Seven - digit numeric value (without decimals).

Please report the salary even if it is the same as what was reported in element 07.

0000000. Only those staff who do not receive an allowance or salary.

Element 09: Administrative Stipends

Description:

A six - digit element to report annual stipends or other honorarium paid to the staff member for administrative duties.

Notes:

Please include only those annual stipends and other honorarium that are received for administrative duties. Payments given to the staff member for non-administrative duties are not to be included.

This element is related to "Element 10: Senior Administrative Responsibilities, Researchers and Visitors". If a staff member is coded as having senior administrative responsibilities (i.e. codes 1-5 and 9), then it is expected that they will receive an administrative stipend. The exception is where other arrangements are made for re-imbursement, in which case this element should be coded as "999999".

Examples of where the stipend should be reported as "999999":

• It is included in their salary,
• They are given course relief,
• The payment is made to their research fund etc.

Exclusions:

Funds received for research grants such as Canada Research Chairs and others.

Stipends received for non-administrative duties.

Codes:

Six - digit numeric value (without decimals)

000000. If the staff member does not have administrative duties.

999999. If the staff member has administrative duties but does not receive a separate stipend.

Element 10: Senior Administrative Responsibilities, Researchers and Visitors

Description:

A one - digit code to report researchers, visitors and those staff members with senior administrative responsibilities.

Notes:

Please report all staff members holding senior administrative positions, including those in an acting capacity.

All visiting staff are to be coded either 6 or 8 regardless of their responsibilities. Please note that they should be coded 4 in element 24: "Type of Appointment".

All research staff who have an academic rank and are paid according to regular salary scales, should be coded either 7 or 8.

It is expected that an administrative stipend would be reported (in element 09) for those staff who are coded as 1 to 5, and in some cases coded as 9.

Codes:

0. Teacher with no senior administrative duties

1. Dean

2. Assistant dean, associate dean, vice-dean

3. Director whose responsibilities and salary are equivalent to those of a dean. Those directors not equivalent to deans would be coded as 4.

4. Director, department head, coordinator

5. Chairperson

6. Visitor with teaching responsibilities e.g., staff with a permanent affiliation to another university or organization

7. Researchers - non-visitors. Researchers are defined as full-time research staff who have an academic rank and a salary scale similar to teaching staff. Please note that their principal subject taught (element 27) should be coded as 9998.

8. Researchers – visitors. Researchers are defined as full-time research staff who have an academic rank and a salary scale similar to teaching staff. Please note that their principal subject taught (element 27) should be coded as 9998.

9. Other - Assistant and associate director, assistant or associate department head, assistant or associate coordinator, assistant or associate chairperson and any other person.

Element 11: Number of Months on Sabbatical Leave* During the Current Academic Year

Description:

A 2 - digit element to report the number of months on sabbatical leave.

Notes:

This element requests information on leave that relates to the full academic year.

Codes:

01 to 12: two digits indicating the Number of months on sabbatical leave during the academic year.

* As approved by the time institution reports to Statistics Canada.

Element 12: Number of Months on Unpaid Leave * During the Current Academic Year

Description:

A 2 digit element, to report the number of months on unpaid leave.

Notes:

This element requests information on leave that relates to the full academic year and as approved by the time the institution reports to Statistics Canada.

Codes:

01 to 12: two digits indicating the number of months on unpaid leave during the academic year.

* As approved by the time institution reports to Statistics Canada.

Element 13: Reduced Load

Description:

A two - digit element to report the percentage of a full load worked by a full-time academic staff.

Notes:

This applies to full-time staff members who have entered into a formal agreement with the institution to carry his/her duties on a reduced load, for the whole year or that part of the year not on leave.

Please report the percentage of a full load carried by the full-time academic staff member.

For staff members on reduced load, the actual salary (element 07) must be lower than the annual rate of salary (element 08). For example, if the reduced load is 75% (of a full load) for 12 months, we would expect the actual salary to be around 75% of the annual rate of salary.

For staff members not on a reduced load, please use code 00.

Codes:

10 to 95. Possible range reported of workload values.

00. Staff members not on a reduced load.

Example: If, according to contract terms, a staff member is on a 75% workload, please indicate 75 for this element.

Element 14: Previous Employment

Description:

A two - digit element, to report the staff member's employment/occupation that they held immediately prior to their appointment (or reappointment) to the institution.

Notes:

The employment/occupation that the staff member held immediately prior to the Year of appointment to institution specified in Element 26.

Codes:

01. University: Teaching or non-teaching position at a university or affiliated college, or other educational institution where teaching is defined as set out in the introduction to this manual (page 2: "Coverage").

02. Non-university: Teaching or non-teaching position at other educational institutions (including CÉGEPS as well as community colleges).

03. Student (including postdoctoral fellows).

04. Public sector: Employment in a government department or agency. This includes hospitals and other publicly funded clinics or other organized health care agency and the military.

05. Private sector: Employment in the private sector (including those that are self-employed).

06. Other

99. Unknown

Element 15: Province or Country of Previous Employment

Description:

A five - digit code to report the province or country of previous employment. Please report the province in which the staff member held the position of their employment (occupation) immediately prior to being appointed (reappointed) to the institution. If outside of Canada, please report the country.

Notes:

An alphabetical listing of province and country codes is presented on the following pages.

If a country code does not appear on the list, please contact the UCASS team (see page 5).

Codes:

Please refer to the following pages for a list of the Province and Country codes.

99999. Unknown

Table 5: Alphabetical Listing of Country Codes

Country Name	Code
Afghanistan	00004
Åland Islands	00248
Albania	00008
Algeria	00012
American Samoa	00016
Andorra	00020
Angola	00024
Anguilla	00660
Antarctica	00010
Antigua and Barbuda	00028
Argentina	00032
Armenia	00051
Aruba	00533
Australia	00036
Austria	00040
Azerbaijan	00031
Bahamas	00044
Bahrain	00048
Bangladesh	00050
Barbados	00052
Belarus	00112
Belgium	00056
Belize	00084
Benin	00204
Bermuda	00060
Bhutan	00064
Bolivia	00068
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba	00535
Bosnia and Herzegovina	00070
Botswana	00072
Bouvet Island	00074
Brazil	00076
British Indian Ocean Territory	00086
Brunei Darussalam	00096
Bulgaria	00100
Burkina Faso	00854
Myanmar	00104
Burundi	00108
Cambodia	00116
Cameroon	00120
Cabo Verde	00132
Cayman Islands	00136
Central African Republic	00140
Chad	00148
Chile	00152
China	00156
Christmas Island	00162
Cocos (Keeling) Islands	00166
Colombia	00170
Comoros	00174
Congo, Republic of the	00178
Congo  Democratic Republic of the	00180
Cook Islands	00184
Costa Rica	00188
Côte d'Ivoire	00384
Croatia	00191
Cuba	00192
Curaçao	00531
Cyprus	00196
Czech Republic	00203
Denmark	00208
Djibouti	00262
Dominica	00212
Dominican Republic	00214
Ecuador	00218
Egypt	00818
El Salvador	00222
Equatorial Guinea	00226
Eritrea	00232
Estonia	00233
Eswatini	00748
Ethiopia	00231
Faroe Islands	00234
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)	00238
Fiji	00242
Finland	00246
France	00250
French Guiana	00254
French Polynesia	00258
French Southern Territories	00260
Gabon	00266
Gambia	00270
Georgia	00268
Germany	00276
Ghana	00288
Gibraltar	00292
Greece	00300
Greenland	00304
Grenada	00308
Guadeloupe	00312
Guam	00316
Guatemala	00320
Guernsey	00831
Guinea	00324
Guinea-Bissau	00624
Guyana	00328
Haiti	00332
Heard Island and McDonald Islands	00334
Holy See (Vatican City State)	00336
Honduras	00340
Hong Kong	00344
Hungary	00348
Iceland	00352
India	00356
Indonesia	00360
Iran	00364
Iraq	00368
Ireland	00372
Isle of Man	00833
Israel	00376
Italy	00380
Jamaica	00388
Japan	00392
Jersey	00832
Jordan	00400
Kazakhstan	00398
Kenya	00404
Kiribati	00296
Korea, North	00408
Korea, South	00410
Kosovo	00983
Kuwait	00414
Kyrgyzstan	00417
Laos	00418
Latvia	00428
Lebanon	00422
Lesotho	00426
Liberia	00430
Libya	00434
Liechtenstein	00438
Lithuania	00440
Luxembourg	00442
Macao	00446
North Macedonia	00807
Madagascar	00450
Malawi	00454
Malaysia	00458
Maldives	00462
Mali	00466
Malta	00470
Marshall Islands	00584
Martinique	00474
Mauritania	00478
Mauritius	00480
Mayotte	00175
Mexico	00484
Micronesia, Federated States of	00583
Moldova	00498
Monaco	00492
Mongolia	00496
Montenegro	00499
Montserrat	00500
Morocco	00504
Mozambique	00508
Namibia	00516
Nauru	00520
Nepal	00524
Netherlands	00528
New Caledonia	00540
New Zealand	00554
Nicaragua	00558
Niger	00562
Nigeria	00566
Niue	00570
Norfolk Island	00574
Northern Mariana Islands	00580
Norway	00578
Oman	00512
Pakistan	00586
Palau	00585
Panama	00591
Papua New Guinea	00598
Paraguay	00600
Peru	00604
Philippines	00608
Pitcairn	00612
Poland	00616
Portugal	00620
Puerto Rico	00630
Qatar	00634
Réunion	00638
Romania	00642
Russian Federation	00643
Rwanda	00646
Saint Barthélemy	00652
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan de Cunha	00654
Saint Kitts and Nevis	00659
Saint Lucia	00662
Saint Martin (French part)	00663
Saint Pierre and Miquelon	00666
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	00670
Samoa	00882
San Marino	00674
Sao Tome and Principe	00678
Sark	00680
Saudi Arabia	00682
Senegal	00686
Serbia	00688
Seychelles	00690
Sierra Leone	00694
Singapore	00702
Sint Maarten (Dutch part)	00534
Slovakia	00703
Slovenia	00705
Solomon Islands	00090
Somalia	00706
South Africa, Republic of	00710
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands	00239
South Sudan	00728
Spain	00724
Sri Lanka	00144
Sudan	00729
Suriname	00740
Svalbard and Jan Mayen	00744
Sweden	00752
Switzerland	00756
Syria	00760
Taiwan	00158
Tajikistan	00762
Tanzania	00834
Thailand	00764
Timor-Leste	00626
Togo	00768
Tokelau	00772
Tonga	00776
Trinidad and Tobago	00780
Tunisia	00788
Türkiye	00792
Turkmenistan	00795
Turks and Caicos Islands	00796
Tuvalu	00798
Uganda	00800
Ukraine	00804
United Arab Emirates	00784
United Kingdom	00826
United States of America	00840
United States Minor Outlying Islands	00581
Uruguay	00858
Uzbekistan	00860
Vanuatu	00548
Venezuela	00862
Viet Nam	00704
Virgin Islands, British	00092
Virgin Islands, United States	00850
Wallis and Futuna	00876
West Bank and Gaza	00275
Western Sahara	00732
Yemen	00887
Zambia	00894
Zimbabwe	00716
Not applicable	99899
Not reported	99999
Canada	00124
Newfoundland and Labrador	81021
Prince Edward Island	81121
Nova Scotia	81221
New Brunswick	81321
Quebec	82421
Ontario	83521
Manitoba	84621
Saskatchewan	84721
Alberta	84821
British Columbia	85921
Yukon Territory	86021
Northwest Territories	86121
Nunavut	86221

Element 16: Year of First Degree

Description:

A four - digit element to report the year in which the staff member obtained their first university degree, postsecondary diploma or professional designation.

Codes:

Four digits of the year in which the first university degree, postsecondary diploma or professional designation was obtained.

9998. No degree, diploma or professional designation.

9999. Unknown

Element 17: Province or Country of First Degree

Description:

A five - digit code to report the province in which the staff member's first university degree, postsecondary diploma or professional designation was obtained. If outside of Canada, please report the country code. If a country is not identified in the list of Country Codes, please contact the subject matter analyst (see page 5).

Codes:

The list of province and country codes is given in element 15 (see Table 5).

99899. If code 9998 was used in element 16, then please code 99899 for this element.

99999. Unknown.

Element 18: Level of Highest Earned Degree

Description:

A one - digit code to report the level of the staff member's highest earned degree, postsecondary diploma or professional designation.

Notes:

Please note that it is the highest degree, and not the most recent, which is required. The following codes list the degrees in order of highest to lowest. Please exclude all anticipated and all honorary degrees.

Codes:

1. PhD. or any other equivalent doctoral degree (e.g., Ed.D, D.Sc, D.S.W, OD, PharmD, etc).

2. Professional degree - This code refers to medical and paramedical degrees only. For example, the following degrees would be included in this category: M.D. (Medical Doctor), D.D.S. (Doctor of Dental Surgery), D.D.M. (Doctor of Dental Medicine), D.V.M. (Doctor of Veterinary Medicine). Please do not include the Master of Social Work (code 3) or the LLB: Bachelors of Laws and Letters (code 4) degrees in this category.

3. Masters degree and equivalent (e.g., M.A., M.Sc., M.S.W., M.B.A., etc).

4. Bachelors degree (e.g., LL.B., J.D., B.A., B.Sc., B.Ed., etc).

5. All other credentials. This includes undergraduate and graduate diplomas, professional designations other than a degree (e.g., C.A., C.G.A., C.M.A., C.P.A., teaching certificate but no degree, etc.) and any others.

8. No degree, diploma or professional designation.

9. Unknown

Element 19: Year of Highest Earned Degree

Description:

A four - digit element to report the year in which the highest earned degree as specified in element 18, was obtained.

Notes:

If the staff member has two or more degrees at the same level, please report the year of the most recent degree. For example, if the staff member has two doctorate degrees, one obtained in 1960 and the other in 1965, please report 1965 for this element.

Similarly, if the staff member has two degrees, the most recent of which is at a lower level than the first, e.g., M.D. obtained in 1965, and M.Sc. in 1972, please report the year of the higher degree, in this case 1965 (M.D.).

If a staff member has a degree which is higher than a bachelor's degree, it is expected that the year of highest earned degree will be later (e.g. M.A. in 2010) than the element 16: "Year of First Degree" (e.g. B.A. in 2005).

Codes:

A four - digit code indicating the year when the highest earned degree was obtained.

9998. If code 8 was used in element 18, then please code 9998 for this element.

9999. Unknown.

Element 20: Province or Country of Highest Degree

Description:

A five - digit code to report the province or country of the highest earned degree (as reported in element 18).

Notes:

Please report the province in which the highest earned degree that was specified in element 18 was obtained. If outside of Canada, please report the country.

Codes:

The list of province and country codes is given in element 15 (see Table 5).

99899. If code 8 was used in element 18, please report code as 99899 for this element.

99999. Unknown.

Element 21: Country of Citizenship at Time of Appointment

Description:

A five - digit code to report the staff member's country of citizenship for the year that they were appointed to the institution (as reported in element 26).

Codes:

The list of province and country codes is given in element 15 (see Table 5).

99999. Unknown

Element 22: Rank

Description:

A one - digit code to report the staff member's current rank.

Codes:

1. Full professor

2. Associate professor

3. Assistant professor

4. Ranks/level below assistant professor: includes lecturers, instructors, and other teaching staff

5. Other: includes staff that do not fit in the categories described above (not elsewhere classified).

Element 23: Year of Appointment to Present Rank at Current Institution

Description:

A four - digit element, to report the year in which the staff member attained their current rank (as reported in element 22) at their current institution.

Notes:

Please note the following when deciding what year to report:

1. The year should only change when a staff member has been promoted from one rank to the next. The year does not change when the administrative responsibilities change.
2. The service between the year of appointment to the current rank (as indicated in this element) and the present year must be both uninterrupted and full-time. It is recognized that leave can be granted without interrupting the continuous service.
3. If the period of employment at the current rank has been interrupted (i.e., the staff member has severed their connection with the institution), the year of reappointment should be reported.
4. It is quite possible that the year reported in this element will be the same as that reported in element 26 ("Year of Appointment to Institution"). This would occur when the staff member has not had a change in rank since their appointment (or reappointment) to the institution.

Codes:

Four - digits of the year in which the staff member attained their present rank.

9999. Unknown

Element 24: Type of Appointment

Description:

A one - digit element to report the type of appointment held by the staff member at the current institution.

Notes:

Those teachers who have been granted tenure should be coded as 1.

Teachers for whom, in the normal course of events, (e.g., after a certain period of time and, in some cases, upon completion of their doctorate), a tenure review is required by university policy are to be coded as 2.

Staff for whom no tenure review is required should be coded as 3. This category includes teachers hired for one year or more, with no formal commitment on the part of the university to renew their contract, although the contract may in fact be renewed (or has been renewed).

Those reported as code 4 (visiting staff), should also have been reported as code 6 or 8 in Element 10 "Senior Administrative Responsibilities, Researchers and Visitors".

Codes:

1. Tenured

2. Leading to tenure, probationary

3. Non – tenured staff. This could include annual, sessional or other definite term contracts. Other terms used to describe staff in this category are "full-time term employees", "limited term positions", and other contractual staff whose contracts are greater than 12 months.

4. Visiting staff, (e.g., staff with a permanent affiliation to another university or organization.

5. Other staff: Continuing staff (e.g., staff neither on tenure stream nor on definite term contract).

Element 25: Medical or Dental Appointment Category

Description:

A one - digit element, to report the appointment category of the staff in the faculties of medicine (including veterinary medicine) and/or dentistry.

Notes:

Medical/dental/veterinary teaching staff is defined as those who are teaching in department/programs which typically award/train students for either an MD, DVM or DDS degree (or post MD/DDS degrees). These staff should be coded as "0", "1" or "2". Please do not report other teaching staff who may be in the Faculty of Medicine or Dentistry who do not focus on the training of students in these fields (e.g. Nursing, Occupational Therapy etc.). All other teaching staff should be coded as "9" (non-medical /dental).

Code 0: Regular full-time (12 months) academic staff
This is a regular academic appointment similar to that in any other faculty. The appointee receives his full salary from the institution. This category usually applies to all basic medical science departments and to other medical or dental staff who are not engaged in private practice. It also includes those staff who are supported by research grants but whose income is administered by the university. These staff are expected to hold some teaching responsibilities.

Code 1: Geographic full-time (12 months) academic staff
This category applies to all medical and dental staff who are engaged in the practice of medicine as well as teaching (e.g. clinicians). Geographic full-time staff members usually receive an established percentage of their regular salary from the university and the remaining portion from provincial medical care institutions (e.g., hospitals) and/or medical care plans. In addition, they are entitled to earn an income (limited by a ceiling) for service to patients. The staff members are usually assigned to a specific hospital. Although they may receive only a percentage of their income from the university, they are counted as full-time members of the institution. Please include all clinicians in this category.

Code 2: Full-time (12 months) joint appointments
This category includes medical and dental staff who have received a letter of appointment from both the university and one of the teaching hospitals. Salaries are paid by both institutions at an agreed upon ratio.

Exclusions:

The following categories of medical staff are to be excluded from the survey:

1. Major part-time
   These staff members spend approximately 50% of their time in a teaching hospital. Their offices are not located in the hospital and there is no ceiling on the income they earn from outside patients although there is a ceiling on the earnings made through the clinical teaching units.
2. Part-time
   These staff members are usually community practitioners who do not receive a formal letter of appointment from the institution but rather are engaged by department heads as demonstrators or teaching assistants. These casual staff members may teach both graduate and undergraduate students, on an average of several hours per week, and may be involved in clinical research.

Codes:

0. Regular full-time academic staff member

1. Geographic full-time academic staff member

2. Full-time joint appointment

9. Not applicable (staff member is not in a faculty of medicine or dentistry)

Element 26: Year of Appointment to Current Institution

Description:

A four - digit element to report the year of first appointment (or reappointment) to reflect the year of the first full-time academic teaching position in the current institution.

Notes:

Please note that the service between the year reported in this element and the present year must be both full-time and uninterrupted (e.g., the staff member has not severed their connection with the institution during this period). Leave (sabbatical, leave of absence, etc.) should not be interpreted as interrupting the continuous service, e.g., when a staff member goes on leave, it does not change their year of appointment to the institution. Similarly, if a staff member assumes a non-academic position in the university for a period of time and then returns to teaching, the period spent in that position should not be interpreted as interrupting continuous service. However, during the time the person holds such a position they should not be reported as a full-time teacher.

It does not matter whether the staff member's appointment was originally temporary, probationary or permanent or has been a series of one-year contracts. As long as the employment has been continuous from year to year and full- time in each year, the year of appointment should be reported as the earliest year in which the staff member joined the institution on a full-time basis. For example, in year 1, a staff member held a full-time probationary appointment which was made permanent in year 2. Year 1 would be reported as the year of appointment.

For the staff member who was employed full-time (12 months) during the past, then, (1) severed their connection with the institution, or (2) they obtained a teaching position which is other than full-time (12 months), and was later re-hired to a full-time (12 months) position, the year of reappointment is the one that should be reported in this element.

Please note that the year of appointment to the institution (as reported in this element) cannot be later than the year of appointment to the present rank at current institution (element 23).

Codes:

Four - digits of the year the staff member was appointed (or reappointed) to the current institution.

Element 27: Principal Subject Taught

Description:

A four - digit element describing the principal subject taught of the staff member.

Notes:

Please report using the CIP (Classification of Instructional Programs) code at the 4 - digit level. A numerical and alphabetical listing of programs is provided on the following pages. Please code this element according to the subject in which the staff member spends the largest portion of their teaching time.

For further assistance on determining the correct codes, please contact the UCASS team (see page 5). Please note that the 2021 CIP codes are currently being used.

For staff members, who are on leave, please report the subject that they would have taught had the staff member been teaching.

Codes:

The list of 4 - digit CIP codes is given on the following pages.

9998. Not applicable (researchers).

Table 6: CIP Codes

CIP Code	Name
0100	Agriculture, general
0101	Agricultural business and management
0102	Agricultural mechanization
0103	Agricultural production operations
0104	Agricultural and food products processing
0105	Agricultural and domestic animal services
0106	Applied horticulture/horticultural business services
0107	International agriculture
0108	Agricultural public services
0109	Animal sciences
0110	Food science and technology
0111	Plant sciences
0112	Soil sciences
0113	Agriculture/veterinary preparatory programs
0180	Veterinary medicine (DVM)
0181	Veterinary biomedical and clinical sciences (Cert., MS, MSc, PhD)
0199	Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields, other
0301	Natural resources conservation and research
0302	Environmental/natural resources management and policy
0303	Fishing and fisheries sciences and management
0305	Forestry
0306	Wildlife and wildlands science and management
0399	Natural resources and conservation, other
0402	Architecture
0403	City/urban, community and regional planning
0404	Environmental design/architecture
0405	Interior architecture
0406	Landscape architecture (BS, BSc, BSLA, BLA, MSLA, MLA, PhD)
0408	Architectural history, criticism and conservation
0409	Architectural sciences and technology
0410	Real estate development
0499	Architecture and related services, other
0501	Area studies
0502	Ethnic, cultural minority, gender, and group studies
0599	Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies, other
0901	Communication and media studies
0904	Journalism
0907	Radio, television and digital communication
0909	Public relations, advertising and applied communication
0910	Publishing
0999	Communication, journalism and related programs, other
1003	Graphic communications
1101	Computer and information sciences and support services, general
1102	Computer programming
1104	Information science/studies
1105	Computer systems analysis/analyst
1107	Computer science
1108	Computer software and media applications
1109	Computer systems networking and telecommunications
1110	Computer/information technology administration and management
1199	Computer and information sciences and support services, other
1301	Education, general
1302	Bilingual, multilingual and multicultural education
1303	Curriculum and instruction
1304	Educational administration and supervision
1305	Educational/instructional media design
1306	Educational assessment, evaluation and research
1307	International and comparative education
1309	Social and philosophical foundations of education
1310	Special education and teaching
1311	Student counselling and personnel services
1312	Teacher education and professional development, specific levels and methods
1313	Teacher education and professional development, specific subject areas
1314	Teaching English or French as a second or foreign language
1315	Teaching assistants/aides
1399	Education, other
1401	Engineering, general
1402	Aerospace, aeronautical and astronautical/space engineering
1403	Agricultural engineering
1404	Architectural engineering
1405	Biomedical/medical engineering
1406	Ceramic sciences and engineering
1407	Chemical engineering
1408	Civil engineering
1409	Computer engineering
1410	Electrical, electronics and communications engineering
1411	Engineering mechanics
1412	Engineering physics/applied physics
1413	Engineering science
1414	Environmental/environmental health engineering
1418	Materials engineering
1419	Mechanical engineering
1420	Metallurgical engineering
1421	Mining and mineral engineering
1422	Naval architecture and marine engineering
1423	Nuclear engineering
1424	Ocean engineering
1425	Petroleum engineering
1427	Systems engineering
1428	Textile sciences and engineering
1432	Polymer/plastics engineering
1433	Construction engineering
1434	Forest engineering
1435	Industrial engineering
1436	Manufacturing engineering
1437	Operations research
1438	Surveying engineering
1439	Geological/geophysical engineering
1440	Paper science and engineering
1441	Electromechanical engineering
1442	Mechatronics, robotics, and automation engineering
1443	Biochemical engineering
1444	Engineering chemistry
1445	Biological/Biosystems engineering
1447	Electrical and computer engineering
1448	Energy systems engineering
1499	Engineering, other
1515	Engineering-related fields
1516	Nanotechnology
1599	Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians, other
1601	Linguistic, comparative and related language studies and services
1602	African languages, literatures and linguistics
1603	East Asian languages, literatures and linguistics
1604	Slavic, Baltic and Albanian languages, literatures and linguistics
1605	Germanic languages, literatures and linguistics
1606	Modern Greek language and literature
1607	South Asian languages, literatures and linguistics
1608	Iranian languages, literatures and linguistics
1609	Romance languages, literatures and linguistics
1610	Indigenous languages, literatures and linguistics of the Americas
1611	Middle/Near Eastern and Semitic languages, literatures and linguistics
1612	Classics and classical languages, literatures and linguistics
1613	Celtic languages, literatures and linguistics
1614	Southeast Asian and Australasian/Pacific languages, literatures and linguistics
1615	Turkic, Uralic-Altaic, Caucasian and Central Asian languages, literatures and linguistics
1616	Sign language
1617	Second language learning
1618	Armenian languages, literatures and linguistics
1699	Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics, other
1901	Family and consumer sciences/human sciences, general
1902	Family and consumer sciences/human sciences business services
1904	Family and consumer economics and related services
1905	Foods, nutrition and related services
1906	Housing and human environments
1907	Human development, family studies and related services
1909	Apparel and textiles
1910	Work and family studies
1999	Family and consumer sciences/human sciences, other
2200	Non-professional legal studies
2201	Law (LLB, JD, BCL)
2202	Legal research and advanced professional studies (post-LLB/JD)
2299	Legal professions and studies, other
2301	English language and literature, general
2313	English rhetoric and composition/writing studies
2314	English literature
2399	English language and literature/letters, other
2401	Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities
2501	Library science and administration
2599	Library science, other
2601	Biology, general
2602	Biochemistry/biophysics and molecular biology
2603	Botany/plant biology
2604	Cell/cellular biology and anatomical sciences
2605	Microbiological sciences and immunology
2607	Zoology/animal biology
2608	Genetics
2609	Physiology, pathology and related sciences
2610	Pharmacology and toxicology
2611	Biomathematics, bioinformatics,  and computational biology
2612	Biotechnology
2613	Ecology, evolution, systematics and population biology
2614	Molecular medicine
2615	Neurobiology and neurosciences
2699	Biological and biomedical sciences, other
2701	Mathematics
2703	Applied mathematics
2705	Statistics
2706	Applied statistics
2799	Mathematics and statistics, other
2808	Military science, leadership and operational art
2905	Military technologies and applied sciences
3001	Biological and physical sciences
3005	Peace studies and conflict resolution
3006	Systems science and theory
3008	Mathematics and computer science
3010	Biopsychology
3011	Gerontology
3012	Historic preservation and conservation
3013	Medieval and renaissance studies
3014	Museology/museum studies
3015	Science, technology and society
3016	Accounting and computer science
3017	Behavioural sciences
3018	Natural sciences
3019	Nutrition sciences
3020	International/global studies
3021	Holocaust and related studies
3022	Classical and ancient studies
3023	Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies
3025	Cognitive science
3026	Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis
3027	Human biology
3028	Dispute resolution
3029	Maritime studies
3030	Computational science
3031	Human computer interaction
3032	Marine sciences
3033	Sustainability studies
3034	Anthrozoology
3035	Climate Science
3036	Cultural studies and comparative literature
3037	Design for human health
3038	Earth systems science
3039	Economics and computer science
3040	Economics and foreign language/literature
3041	Evironmental geosciences
3042	Geooarchaeology
3043	Geobiology
3044	Geography and environmental studies
3045	History and language/literature
3046	History and political science
3047	Linguistics and anthropology
3048	Linguistics and computer science
3049	Mathematical economics
3050	Mathematics and atmospheric/oceanic science
3051	Integrated philosophy, politics, and economics
3052	Digital humanities and textual studies
3053	Thanatology
3070	Data science
3071	Data analytics
3099	Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other
3101	Parks, recreation and leisure studies
3103	Parks, recreation and leisure facilities management
3105	Sports, kinesiology, and physical education/physical fitness
3106	Outdoor education
3199	Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology, other
3800	Philosophy and religious studies, general
3801	Philosophy, logic and ethics
3802	Religion/religious studies
3899	Philosophy and religious studies, other
3902	Bible/biblical studies
3903	Missions/missionary studies and missiology
3904	Religious education
3905	Religious music and worship
3906	Theological and ministerial studies
3907	Pastoral counselling and specialized ministries
3908	Religious institution administration and law
3999	Theology and religious vocations, other
4001	Physical sciences, general
4002	Astronomy and astrophysics
4004	Atmospheric sciences and meteorology
4005	Chemistry
4006	Geological and earth sciences/geosciences
4008	Physics
4010	Materials sciences
4011	Physics and astronomy
4099	Physical sciences, other
4201	Psychology, general
4227	Research and experimental psychology
4228	Clinical, counselling and applied psychology
4299	Psychology, other
4301	Criminal justice and corrections
4302	Fire protection
4303	Security and protective services, specialized programs
4304	Security science and technology
4399	Security and protective services, other
4400	Human services, general
4402	Community organization and advocacy
4404	Public administration
4405	Public policy analysis
4407	Social work
4499	Public administration and social service professions, other
4501	General social sciences
4502	Anthropology
4503	Archeology
4504	Criminology
4505	Demography
4506	Economics
4507	Geography and cartography
4509	International relations and national security studies
4510	Political science and government
4511	Sociology
4512	Urban studies/affairs
4513	Sociology and anthropology
4515	Geography and anthropology
4599	Social sciences, other
5001	Visual, digital and performing arts, general
5002	Crafts/craft design, folk art and artisanry
5003	Dance
5004	Design and applied arts
5005	Drama/theatre arts and stagecraft
5006	Film/video and photographic arts
5007	Fine arts and art studies
5009	Music
5010	Arts, entertainment, and media management
5011	Community/environmental/socially-engaged art
5099	Visual and performing arts, other
5100	General Health services/allied health/health sciences
5101	Chiropractic (DC)
5102	Communication disorders sciences and services
5104	Dentistry (DDS, DMD)
5105	Advanced/graduate dentistry and oral sciences (Cert., MS, MSc, PhD)
5106	Dental support services and allied professions
5107	Health and medical administrative services
5109	Allied health diagnostic, intervention and treatment professions
5110	Clinical/medical laboratory science/research and allied professions
5111	Health/medical preparatory programs
5112	Medicine
5114	Medical clinical sciences/graduate medical studies
5115	Mental and social health services and allied professions
5117	Optometry (OD)
5118	Ophthalmic and optometric support services and allied professions
5120	Pharmacy, pharmaceutical sciences and administration
5122	Public health
5123	Rehabilitation and therapeutic professions
5127	Medical illustration and informatics
5131	Dietetics and clinical nutrition services
5132	Health professions education, ethics, and humanities
5133	Alternative and complementary medicine and medical systems
5134	Alternative and complementary medical support services
5135	Somatic bodywork and related therapeutic services
5136	Movement and mind-body therapies
5137	Energy-based and biologically-based therapies
5138	Registered nursing, nursing administration, nursing research and clinical nursing
5139	Practical nursing, vocational nursing and nursing assistants
5199	Health professions and related programs, other
5201	Business/commerce, general
5202	Business administration, management and operations
5203	Accounting and related services
5204	Business operations support and assistant services
5205	Business/corporate communications
5206	Business/managerial economics
5207	Entrepreneurial and small business operations
5208	Finance and financial management services
5209	Hospitality administration/management
5210	Human resources management and services
5211	International business/trade/commerce
5212	Management information systems and services
5213	Management sciences and quantitative methods
5214	Marketing
5215	Real estate
5216	Taxation
5217	Insurance
5218	General sales, merchandising and related marketing operations
5219	Specialized sales, merchandising and marketing operations
5220	Construction management
5221	Telecommunications management
5299	Business, management, marketing and related support services, other
5401	History
5501	French language and literature, general
5513	French rhetoric and composition/writing studies
5514	French literature
5599	French language and literature/letters, other
6001	Dental residency/fellowship programs
6003	Veterinary residency/fellowship programs
6007	Nurse practitioner residency/fellowship programs
6008	Pharmacy residency/fellowship programs
6009	Physician assistant residency/fellowship programs
6099	Health professions residency/fellowship programs, other
6101	Combined medical residency/fellowship programs
6102	Multiple-pathway medical fellowship programs
6103	Allergy and immunology residency/fellowship programs
6104	Anesthesiology residency/fellowship programs
6105	Dermatology residency/fellowship programs
6106	Emergency medicine residency/fellowship programs
6107	Family medicine residency/fellowship programs
6108	Internal medicine residency/fellowship programs
6109	Medical genetics and genomics residency/fellowship programs
6110	Neurological surgery residency/fellowship programs
6111	Neurology residency/fellowship programs
6112	Nuclear medicine residency/fellowship programs
6113	Obstetrics and gynecology residency/fellowship programs
6114	Ophthalmology residency/fellowship programs
6115	Orthopedic surgery residency/fellowship programs
6116	Osteopathic medicine residency/fellowship programs
6117	Otolaryngology residency/fellowship programs
6118	Pathology residency/fellowship programs
6119	Pediatrics residency/fellowship programs
6120	Physical medicine and rehabilitation residency/fellowship programs
6121	Plastic surgery residency/fellowship programs
6122	Podiatric medicine residency/fellowship programs
6123	Preventive medicine residency/fellowship programs
6124	Psychiatry residency/fellowship programs
6125	Radiation oncology residency/fellowship programs
6126	Radiology residency/fellowship programs
6127	Surgery residency/fellowship programs
6128	Urology residency/fellowship programs
6199	Medical residency/fellowship programs, other

Element 28: First Name

Description:

A twenty-character element to indicate the staff member’s first name.

Notes:

Only the first name is required. Please omit any honorifics such as Mr., Mrs., or Dr. Please do not include university degrees, diplomas, or other professional designations.

Legal name is preferred. However, given or chosen names are also accepted.

If an individual requests to be excluded from the expanded data collection, report NR for non-response.

Codes:

NR. Non-response

Element 29: Last Name

Description:

A twenty-character element to indicate the staff member’s surname.

Notes:

Only the surname (or last name) is required. Please omit any honorifics such as Mr., Mrs., or Dr. Please do not include university degrees, diplomas, or other professional designations.

If an individual requests to be excluded from the expanded data collection, report NR for non-response.

Codes:

NR. Non-response

Element 30: Date of birth

Description:

An eight-digit element to report the staff member's birth date.

Notes:

Please report the staff member’s full birth date using format YYYYMMDD (YearMonthDay).

If the date of birth is not known, then the date should be reported as follows:

• If only the month and year of birth are known, please use 99 as default for the day of birth: YYYYMM99.
• If only the year of birth is known, please use 99 as default for the day and month of birth: YYYY9999.
• If it has not been possible to identify any components of the date of birth, or if the individual requests to be excluded from the expanded data collection please report date of birth as 99999999.

Codes:

Eight digits of the date of birth using format YYYYMMDD (YearMonthDay)

Example: If the staff member’s full date of birth is June 29, 1966, please report 19660629 for this element.

99999999. Unknown

 

CVs for Total sales by geography

Geography	Month
	202408	202409	202410	202411	202412	202501	202502	202503	202504	202505	202506	202507	202508
	percentage
Canada	0.11	0.14	0.14	0.19	0.14	0.17	0.22	0.16	0.15	0.16	0.09	0.13	0.15
Newfoundland and Labrador	0.71	0.59	0.57	0.75	0.71	0.69	1.01	0.63	0.78	0.45	0.50	0.80	1.33
Prince Edward Island	2.19	2.30	4.57	4.09	4.39	4.99	1.26	1.09	0.87	0.72	0.81	1.24	1.22
Nova Scotia	0.34	0.48	0.37	0.38	0.42	0.48	1.57	0.60	0.58	0.41	0.35	0.56	0.60
New Brunswick	0.52	0.52	0.46	0.57	0.62	0.59	0.82	0.57	0.51	0.42	0.49	0.62	0.64
Quebec	0.26	0.35	0.16	0.56	0.24	0.29	0.54	0.36	0.53	0.26	0.16	0.27	0.43
Ontario	0.20	0.25	0.30	0.31	0.29	0.34	0.35	0.31	0.23	0.36	0.17	0.21	0.22
Manitoba	0.42	0.46	0.40	0.48	0.55	0.70	0.74	0.75	0.56	0.50	0.39	0.73	0.78
Saskatchewan	0.60	0.59	0.83	0.75	0.99	0.65	0.69	0.52	0.54	0.47	0.53	0.70	0.79
Alberta	0.20	0.24	0.32	0.31	0.28	0.38	0.59	0.41	0.32	0.34	0.25	0.37	0.33
British Columbia	0.23	0.22	0.27	0.26	0.22	0.29	0.49	0.29	0.20	0.24	0.16	0.31	0.32
Yukon Territory	2.28	2.51	2.89	2.42	2.25	3.18	26.11	3.86	2.69	2.04	2.49	3.16	3.33
Northwest Territories	3.09	3.38	3.22	2.91	3.57	3.42	34.07	18.21	2.90	17.86	3.29	3.67	3.83
Nunavut	12.04	13.21	12.76	61.05	6.85	4.28	129.90	6.89	59.24	66.28	9.14	10.52	35.15