Centre for Energy and Transportation Statistics
Energy Section

Transmission pipelines are establishments primarily engaged in the pipeline transportation of natural gas from gas fields or processing plants to local distribution systems.

Confidentiality

Statistics Canada is prohibited by law from releasing any information it collects which could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes.

Table of contents

• A – General Information: Purpose of survey, Data-sharing agreements and Data linkage
• B – Reporting Instructions
• C – Supply of Natural Gas Unit of Measure
• D – Imports
• E – Receipts from Domestic Sources
• F – Average Heating Value in Gigajoules/Thousand Cubic Meters
• G – Exports (Specify Port of Exit)
• H – Domestic Deliveries
• I – Report Amounts of Gas Delivered to Consumers
• J – Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Marine Terminals
• K – Consumed Own Fuel
• L – Line Pack Fluctuation
• M – Metering Differences, Line Loss, Other Unaccounted Adjustments
• N – In-transit Shipments of Natural Gas
• O – Ex-transit Shipments
• P – Thousands of Cubic Metre Kilometres (10³m³km)

A – General information

Purpose of survey

The purpose of this survey is to obtain information on the supply of, and demand for, energy in Canada. This information serves as an important indicator of Canadian economic performance, and is used by all levels of government in establishing informed policies in the energy area. In the case of public utilities, it is used by governmental agencies to fulfill their regulatory responsibilities. The private sector also uses this information in the corporate decision-making process. Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Data-sharing agreements

To reduce respondent burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data-sharing agreements with provincial and territorial statistical agencies and other government organizations, which have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes. Statistics Canada will only share data from this survey with those organizations that have demonstrated a requirement to use the data.

Section 11 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with provincial and territorial statistical agencies that meet certain conditions. These agencies must have the legislative authority to collect the same information, on a mandatory basis, and the legislation must provide substantially the same provisions for confidentiality and penalties for disclosure of confidential information as the Statistics Act. Because these agencies have the legal authority to compel businesses to provide the same information, consent is not requested and businesses may not object to the sharing of the data.

For this survey, there are Section 11 agreements with the provincial and territorial statistical agencies of Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia, and the Yukon.

The shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Section 12 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with federal, provincial or territorial government organizations. Under Section 12, you may refuse to share your information with any of these organizations by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician and returning it with the completed questionnaire. Please specify the organizations with which you do not want to share your data.

For this survey, there are Section 12 agreements with the statistical agencies of Prince Edward Island, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut as well as with the provincial and territorial government ministries responsible for the energy sector, the Canada Energy Regulator, Natural Resources Canada, and Environment and Climate Change Canada.

For agreements with provincial and territorial government organizations, the shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Data linkage

To enhance the data from this survey, Statistics Canada may combine it with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

B – Reporting Instructions

Please report information for a specific reference month 2025.

Please complete all sections as applicable.

If the information requested is unknown, please provide your best estimate.

Value (cost to customer): reported dollar values should exclude all taxes. Further, rebates paid to the customer should be deducted to arrive at "value".

This guide is designed to assist you as you complete the Monthly Natural Gas Transmission Survey. If you need more information, please call 1-877-604-7828.

Supply

C – Supply of Natural Gas Unit of Measure

Amounts: report amounts (1000m³ or Gigajoules) of natural gas received and delivered during the month under review.

D – Imports

Report total amount of natural gas carried into Canada, by port of entry.

Inclusion: amounts of gas moving in transit (E.g.: from the U.S., through Canada, and back into the U.S.)

Exclusion: Receipts from Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) marine terminals

E – Receipts from Domestic Sources

Report volumes of gas received from sources such as:

Fields

Report amounts of gas received from fields connected directly to your company's transmission system. Field flared and waste and re-injection should be deducted from this amount.

Field plants  

Report amounts of gas received at the processing or re-processing plant gate after the deduction of shrinkage, plant uses and losses.

Exclusions:

• Natural Gas Liquids (NGL) fractionation plants
• Mainline straddle plants;

 Gas gathering systems

Report amounts of gas received from gas gathering systems connected directly to your company's transmission system.

Natural Gas Liquids (NGL) fractionation plants and mainline straddle plants

Exclusion:

• Field gas plants

Other transmission pipelines

Report amounts of gas received from other transmission pipelines (NAICS 486210) connected directly to your company's transmission system.

Transmission pipelines are establishments primarily engaged in the pipeline transportation of natural gas from gas fields or processing plants to local distribution systems.

Storage facilities

Report amounts of gas received from storage facilities (NAICS 493190) connected directly to your company's transmission system.

Storage facilities include natural gas storage caverns and liquefied natural gas storage, but exclude establishments primarily engaged liquefaction and regasification of natural gas for purposes of transport (NAICS 488990).

Distributors (utility distribution systems)

Report amounts of gas received from gas distributors (NAICS 221210) connected directly to your company's transmission system.

Gas distributors are establishments primarily engaged in the distribution of natural or synthetic gas to the ultimate consumers through a system of mains.

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) marine terminals

Report amounts of gas received from LNG marine terminals (NAICS 488990) connected directly to your company's transmission system.

LNG marine terminals are establishments primarily engaged with the liquefaction and regasification of natural gas for purposes of transport.

F – Average Heating Value in Gigajoules/ Thousand Cubic Meters

Report average heat content of your natural gas receipts for the reported reference month.

Disposition

G – Exports, Specify Port of Exit

Report total amount of natural gas this transmission pipeline physically exported from Canada to the United States, by port of exit.

Inclusion: amounts of gas moving (E.g.: from Canada, through the U.S., and back into Canada)

Exclusion: Deliveries to Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) marine terminals

H – Domestic Deliveries

Report amount of natural gas delivered to facilities and pipelines such as:

Natural Gas Liquids (NGL) fractionation plants and mainline straddle plants

Exclusion:

• Field gas plants
• Other transmission pipelines

Report amounts of gas delivered to other transmission pipelines (NAICS 486210) connected directly to your company's transmission system.

Transmission pipelines are establishments primarily engaged in the pipeline transportation of natural gas from gas fields or processing plants to local distribution systems.

Storage facilities

Report amounts of gas delivered to storage facilities (NAICS 493190) connected directly to your company's transmission system.

Storage facilities include natural gas storage caverns and liquefied natural gas storage but exclude establishments primarily engaged liquefaction and regasification of natural gas for purposes of transport (NAICS 488990).

Distributors (utility distribution systems)

Report amounts of gas delivered to gas distributors (NAICS 221210) connected directly to your company's transmission system.

Gas distributors are establishments primarily engaged in the distribution of natural or synthetic gas to the ultimate consumers through a system of mains.

I – Report Amounts of Gas Delivered to Consumers and report the number of customers

Industrial power generation plants

Report gas delivered to electric power generation plants (NAICS 2211) connected directly to your company's transmission system.

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the generation of bulk electric power by natural gas.

Other industrial

Deliveries to Other Industrial Consumers

Report gas delivered to industrial establishments other than power generation plants.

Inclusions:

• Agriculture and forestry
• Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction
• Construction
• Manufacturing

Exclusions:

• Electric power generation
• Wholesale and retail trade
• Transportation and warehousing
• Other commercial buildings (e.g., public institutions)
• Natural gas transmission pipelines
• Natural gas storage facilities
• Natural gas distributors

Commercial and institutional

Report gas delivered to commercial and institutional establishments.

Inclusions:

• Wholesale and retail trade
• Transportation and warehousing
• Other commercial buildings (e.g., public institutions)

Value (cost to customer): dollar values exclude provincial taxes (if applicable), goods and services tax (GST) and harmonized sales tax (HST). Further, rebates paid to the customer should be deducted in order to arrive at "value".

J – Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Marine Terminals

Report amounts of gas delivered to LNG marine terminals (NAICS 488990) connected directly to your company's transmission system.

LNG marine terminals are establishments primarily engaged liquefaction and regasification of natural gas for purposes of transport.

K – Consumed Own Fuel

Report amount of gas consumed to fuel this transmission system.

L – Line Pack Fluctuation

Report the change in line pack between the first and last day of the reference month.

M – Metering Differences, Line Loss, Other Unaccounted Adjustments

Report the difference between the total supply and total disposition. This difference includes leakage or other losses, discrepancies due to metering inaccuracies and other variants, particularly billing lag.

N – In-transit Shipments of Natural Gas

Report total amount of natural gas received into Canada with the intention of exporting it back to the United States. (Re-Export)

O – Ex-transit Shipments

Report total amount of natural gas delivered to the United States with the intention of importing it back to Canada. (Re-Import)

P – Thousands of Cubic Metre Kilometres (10³m³km)

Please report the volume of natural gas transmitted (in 10³m³) multiplied by the distance (in km) each shipment has travelled.

Example:

• Step 1) 2 000 cubic metres transported over 5 km is equal to 10 000 cubic metre km.
• Step 2) To report in 10³m³km, divide 10 000 cubic metre km by 1 000, which equals 10 cubic metre km.

Thank you for your participation.

In June 2025, questions measuring the Labour Market Indicators were added to the Labour Force Survey as a supplement.

Questionnaire flow within the collection application is controlled dynamically based on responses provided throughout the survey. Therefore, some respondents will not receive all questions, and there is a small chance that some households will not receive any questions at all. This is based on their answers to certain LFS questions.

Labour Market Indicators

ENTRY_Q1 / EQ 1 – From the following list, please select the household member that will be completing this questionnaire on behalf of the entire household.

RET_Q1 / EQ 2 – At this time, do you consider yourself to be…?

1. Completely retired
2. Partly retired
3. Not retired

RET_Q3 / EQ 3 – When did you retire?

• Year
• Month

RET_Q4 / EQ 4 – Which of the following factors affected the timing of your retirement?

Select all that apply.

1. Layoff, plant or business closure, downsizing related to trade and tariff-related economic disruptions
2. Layoff, plant or business closure, downsizing unrelated to trade and tariff-related economic disruptions
3. Personal health or disability issues
4. Health or disability issues of partner or spouse
5. Financial readiness
6. Lack of job satisfaction
7. Mandatory retirement policy
8. Qualified for pension
9. Employer offered special incentives for retirement
10. Wished to pursue hobbies or other activities of personal interest
11. An agreement with spouse or partner
12. Chose to defer the start of Old Age Security (OAS) pension in exchange for a larger pension amount
13. Other factor

RET_Q5 / EQ 5 – Which of those factors played the most important role?

Was it:

1. Layoff, plant or business closure, downsizing related to trade and tariff-related economic disruptions
2. Layoff, plant or business closure, downsizing unrelated to trade and tariff-related economic disruptions
3. Personal health or disability issues
4. Health or disability issues of partner or spouse
5. Financial readiness
6. Lack of job satisfaction
7. Mandatory retirement policy
8. Qualified for pension
9. Employer offered special incentives for retirement
10. Wished to pursue hobbies or other activities of personal interest
11. An agreement with spouse or partner
12. Chose to defer the start of my Old Age Security (OAS) pension in exchange for a larger pension amount
13. Other factor

RET_Q6 / EQ 6 – At what age did you plan to [completely] retire?

• Age
  OR
• Do not plan to retire

AEP_Q01 / EQ 7 – How likely are you to take the following actions in the next 12 months to improve your employment prospects?

	Not at all likely	Somewhat unlikely	Somewhat likely	Very likely
Take unpaid training in your spare time
Take paid training in your spare time
Return to the regular education system full-time or part-time
Look for another job in your industry
Look for a job in a different industry
Expand your professional network
[Start a business/Look for a job as an employee]
Move to a different part of your province
Move to a different province
Accept an additional job

This job aid is designed to help you critically assess the data presented to you. No data is perfect. By understanding the strengths and limitations of the data, you can avoid being misled—and make smarter, more informed decisions.

Source

Can you identify the specific data source?

If the estimate comes from a report, can you identify its original source?

Is the source reliable and trustworthy?

Are there known limitations or caveats associated with the data used to produce the estimate?

Methods

How was the data obtained—was the methodology transparent?

Did it come from a sample survey of a well-defined population of interest, a marketing poll, an administrative database, or did it reflect insights from a qualitative study like a focus group?

Timeliness

Is this data current?

When was this dataset acquired?

Do you know when the data was last updated?

Does timing affect its validity?

Sample

What is the sample size?

What is the sampled unit (e.g., individuals, households, businesses)?

What is the response rate (out of all sampled units, what portion responded)?

How were respondents chosen (were they randomly selected, or did they volunteer)?

Does the sample represent the population of interest (for example, all Canadians) or are some units systematically excluded from the sample, resulting in poor coverage of this population?

Definitions and measures

How is the concept of interest defined, and how is it being measured?

Is the definition based on a recognized standard^{Footnote 1}?

If you are comparing estimates from different sources, were the underlying concept definitions and measurements the same, or at least comparable?

Accuracy

How was the estimate calculated?

Were quality^{Footnote 2} indicators made available to assess the estimate's fitness for use?

Context

What is the broader context of the data?

How do these estimates compare…

• … to estimates from other data sources?
• … to similar estimates from previous years, if available?
• … across groups based on current knowledge about group differences?

Has sufficient background been provided to acknowledge the lived experience or historical realities of the population(s) to which the data refers?

Disaggregation

Are the data available at the right level of disaggregation^{Footnote 3} for your analysis?

Additional data sources

Are there other data sources that could provide a more nuanced understanding of the concept being measured?

Could linking^{Footnote 4} multiple datasets reveal new information?

Ethical considerations^{Footnote 5}

What is the expected public benefit of using this data?

What are the potential negative consequences of using this data (e.g., privacy intrusiveness, lack of transparency, harm to individuals or groups, trust erosion, sustainability issues, security concerns, etc.)?

Are the potential benefits credible considering the potential consequences?

Latest features

Focus on Canada and the United States

The latest data and insights on the sectors shaped by Canada–U.S. relations.

International Trade Statistics

Data, tools and reports with the latest information on Canadian international trade and investment.

Canadian Internal Trade Data and Information Hub

A central hub featuring data and insights on internal trade and labour mobility in Canada.

Other features

Food Price Data Hub

A central hub featuring information on food prices in Canada.

Quality of Life Hub

The latest data, insights and reference material on measures of wellbeing in Canada.

Canadian Centre for Energy Information

A one-stop shop for independent information on energy in Canada.

Eh Sayers podcast

The stories behind our numbers brought to you by the people behind the data.

Census of Population

Detailed data and insights on Canada and its population.

Data Science Centre

Data science at Statistics Canada, including our mission, projects, expertise and resources.

Baby Names Observatory

An interactive dashboard showing the popularity of baby names over time in Canada.

Wildfires

• On May 13th, the Government of Manitoba announced that, with wildfire conditions continuing to escalate, it had declared a state of local emergency for Nopiming, Wallace Lake, South Atikaki and Manigotagan River provincial parks and issued an evacuation order for Nopiming Provincial Park. The Government said these parks would remain closed to the public until conditions improve. On May 14th, the Government announced it was closing Whiteshell Provincial Park until conditions improve. On May 28th, the Government of Manitoba declared a provincewide state of emergency, effective for 30 days. The Government also said that in addition, the city of Flin Flon and the First Nations of Pimicikimak and Mathias Colomb had issued mandatory evacuation orders.
• On May 29th, the Government of Saskatchewan declared a provincial State of Emergency due to the wildfires affecting communities across Saskatchewan. The Government said the state of emergency would be in effect for 30 days.

Resources

• Texas-based Sunoco LP and Parkland Corporation of Calgary announced they had entered into a definitive agreement whereby Sunoco will acquire all outstanding shares of Parkland in a cash and equity transaction valued at approximately USD $9.1 billion, including assumed debt. The companies said the transaction is expected to close in the second half of 2025, subject to the satisfaction of closing conditions, including approval by Parkland's shareholders and customary regulatory and stock exchange listing approvals.
• France-based TotalEnergies SE announced it had signed a Sales and Purchase Agreement with Ksi Lisims LNG for the purchase of 2 Mtpa (million tonnes per annum) of LNG for 20 years from the future liquefaction plant located on the northwest coast British Columbia. The company said that, in parallel, it acquired a 5% stake in Texas-based Western LNG LLC, the developer, shareholder, and future operator of the Ksi Lisims LNG project.
• Calgary-based Strathcona Resources Ltd. announced it had entered into definitive agreements to sell substantially all of its Montney assets for approximately $2.84 billion to ARC Resources Ltd. and Tourmaline Oil Corp.
• Calgary-based Vermilion Energy Inc. announced it had entered into a definitive agreement for the sale of its Saskatchewan and Manitoba assets for cash proceeds of $415 million. Vermillion said the transaction is anticipated to close in the third quarter of 2025, subject to receipt of regulatory approvals and the satisfaction of other customary closing conditions.
• Vancouver-based Pan American Silver Corp. and MAG Silver Corp. announced they had entered into a definitive agreement whereby Pan American will acquire all of the issued and outstanding common shares of MAG for total consideration of approximately USD $2.1 billion. The companies said the transaction is expected to close in the second half of 2025, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions, including shareholder approval, clearance under Mexican anti-trust laws, and approval of the listing of the Pan American common shares to be issued under the transaction on both the Toronto Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange.
• The Government of Ontario announced it had approved Ontario Power Generation's (OPG) plan to begin construction on the first of four small modular reactors (SMRs) at the Darlington nuclear site. The Government said the SMR will produce enough electricity to power the equivalent of 300,000 homes.

Canada's internal trade

• The Government of Manitoba announced it had signed an agreement with the Ontario government to boost the flow of goods, services, investment and workers in both provinces. The Government said the premiers signed a memorandum of understanding to signal the provinces' intention to work together to knock down interprovincial trade barriers including direct-to-consumer alcohol sales and improved labour mobility between Manitoba and Ontario.
• The Government of Nova Scotia announced it was removing more interprovincial trade barriers by introducing legislative changes to enhance the new Traffic Safety Act in the fall that would allow more types of commercial trucks and other passenger vehicles to enter and operate in the province, supporting the movement of goods and services across the country. The Government also said it plans to amend the Nova Scotia Building Code Regulations to allow factory-built (modular) buildings that meet the National Building Code to be installed in the province without having to meet additional Nova Scotia-specific standards.
• The Government of Quebec announced it had tabled a Bill to promote trade in products and the mobility of labour from other provinces and territories of Canada, in order to stimulate interprovincial trade by improving the free movement of goods and skilled workers.

Other news

• The Government of Canada announced that it was moving forward with the proposal to deliver tax relief for Canadians by reducing the lowest marginal personal income tax rate from 15% to 14%, effective July 1, 2025.
• The Government of Alberta announced it was freezing the industrial carbon price at the current rate of $95 per tonne of emissions to keep industry competitive and defend jobs in response to the uncertainty caused by United States' tariffs.
• On May 15th, the Government of Ontario released its 2025 Budget, which included support for workers and businesses, the creation of a new Critical Minerals Processing Fund, and investments in infrastructure, skills training, housing, health, and education. The Government forecasts a $14.6 billion deficit in 2025-26 and real GDP growth of 0.8% in 2025 and 1.0% in 2026.
• The Government of Ontario announced its plan to permanently cut the gasoline and fuel tax rates, keeping the provincial rates of tax at nine cents per litre, which the Government said would save households, on average, about $115 per year going forward. The Government also said it was proposing to remove tolls from the provincially owned Highway 407 East, which the Government said is expected to save daily commuters an estimated $7,200 annually.
• Quebec's minimum wage increased from $15.75 to $16.10 per hour on May 1st.
• The Government of the Yukon announced that the 2025 rent index would be set at 2.0%.
• Toronto-based Canadian Tire Corporation announced it had entered into a definitive agreement to become the home of Canadian brands and other intellectual property of the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC), including the HBC Stripes and various company names, logos, designs, coat of arms and brand trademarks, for $30 million. Canadian Tire said the transaction is expected to close later this summer, subject to court approval and other customary terms and conditions.
• In a court filing with the Superior Court of Ontario, the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) said that by June 1, 2025, it will have terminated approximately 8,347 or approximately 89% of its employees. HBC said the remaining 1,017 include Distribution Centre employees, and that the Distribution Centres are expected to close June 15, 2025.
• Toronto-based TD Bank Group announced it had initiated a new restructuring program in the second quarter of 2025 to reduce its cost base, including savings from an approximate 2% workforce reduction.
• Vancouver-based Telus Corporation announced it was investing more than $70 billion over the next five years to expand and enhance its network infrastructure and operations, including bringing TELUS PureFibre connectivity to homes and businesses across British Columbia, Alberta, Quebec, and Ontario; deploying enhancements to its 5G and LTE services; and launching two Sovereign AI Factories in Kamloops and Rimouski.
• Montreal-based BCE Inc. announced Bell AI Fabric, an investment that will create a national network starting with a data centre supercluster in British Columbia that will aim to provide upwards of 500 MW of hydro-electric powered AI compute capacity across six facilities. Bell said the first facility would come online in June 2025, in Kamloops BC with a second facility opening in Merritt, BC, by the end of 2025.
• Waterloo Ontario-based Definity Financial Corporation announced today that it had entered into a definitive agreement with the Travelers Companies, Inc. of New York to acquire Canadian operations of Travelers for cash consideration of approximately $3.3 billion. Definity said the transaction is expected to close in the first quarter of 2026, subject to customary regulatory approvals.

United States and other international news

• The U.S. Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) maintained the target range for the federal funds rate at 4.25% to 4.50%. The last change in the target range was a 25 basis points cut in December 2024. The Committee also said that it would continue reducing its holdings of Treasury securities and agency debt and agency mortgage-backed securities.
• The Bank of Japan announced it will encourage the uncollateralized overnight call rate to remain at around 0.50%. The last change in the uncollateralized overnight call rate was a 25 basis points increase in January 2025.
• The Bank of England's Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) voted to reduce the Bank Rate by 25 basis points to 4.25%. The last change in the Bank Rate was a 25 basis points cut in February 2025.
• The Monetary Policy and Financial Stability Committee of Norway's Norges Bank left the policy rate unchanged at 4.5%. The last change in the policy rate was a 25 basis points increase in December 2023.
• The Executive Board of Sweden's Riksbank left the repo rate unchanged at 2.25%. The last change in the repo rate was a 25 basis points reduction in January 2025.
• The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) lowered the cash rate target by 25 basis points to 3.85%. The last change in the cash rate target was a 25 basis points cut in February 2025.
• The Reserve Bank of New Zealand (RBNZ) lowered the Official Cash Rate (OCR), its main policy rate, by 25 basis points to 3.25%. The last change in the OCR was a 25 basis points cut in April 2025.
• U.S. President Donald J. Trump and United Kingdom Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer announced on May 8th a trade deal – the U.S.-UK Economic Prosperity Deal (EPD) – to remove barriers to make it easier for American and British businesses to operate, invest and trade in both countries.
• The White House announced on May 12th that U.S. President Donald J. Trump had reached an agreement with China whereby the United States would remove the additional tariffs it imposed on China on April 8 and April 9, 2025, but would retain all duties imposed on China prior to April 2, 2025. The White House said China would remove the retaliatory tariffs it announced since April 4, 2025, and would also suspend or remove the non-tariff countermeasures taken against the United States since April 2, 2025. President Trump said the suspension of tariffs would be for a period of 90 days.
• Moody's Ratings announced it had downgraded the Government of United States of America's long-term issuer and senior unsecured ratings to Aa1 from Aaa and changed the outlook from stable to negative. Moody's said the downgrade reflects the increase over more than a decade in government debt and interest payment ratios to levels that are significantly higher than similarly rated sovereigns.
• Virginia-based Boeing and Qatar Airways announced the carrier would purchase up to 210 widebody jets, including 130 787 Dreamliners, 30 777-9s, and options for an additional 50 787 and 777X airplanes. Boeing said the order would support nearly 400,000 jobs in the U.S.
• The eight OPEC+ countries - Saudi Arabia, Russia, Iraq, UAE, Kuwait, Kazakhstan, Algeria, and Oman - which previously announced additional voluntary adjustments in April and November 2023, announced they would implement a production adjustment of 411 thousand barrels per day, equivalent to three monthly increments, in June 2025.
• Japan-based Nissan Motor Co., Ltd announced a recovery plan with a cost reduction target of ¥250 billion. Nissan said it will consolidate its vehicle production plants from 17 to 10 by fiscal year 2027 and reduce its workforce by a total of 20,000 employees between fiscal years 2024 and 2027, which includes a previously announced reduction of 9,000.

Financial market news

• West Texas Intermediate crude oil closed at USD $60.79 per barrel on May 30th, up from a closing value of USD $58.21 at the end of April. Western Canadian Select crude oil traded in the USD $44 to $52 per barrel range throughout May. The Canadian dollar closed at 72.68 cents U.S. on May 30th, up from 72.40 cents U.S. at the end of April. The S&P/TSX composite index closed at 26,175.05 on May 30th, up from 24,841.68 at the end of April.

Integrated Business Statistics Program (IBSP)

Reporting Guide

This guide is designed to assist you as you complete the 2024 Annual Survey of Research and Development in Canadian Industry – Industrial Non-Profit Organizations. If you need more information, please call the Statistics Canada Help Line at the number below.

Help Line: 1-877-949-9492

Your answers are confidential.

Statistics Canada is prohibited by law from releasing any information it collects which could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent or as permitted by the Statistics Act.

Statistics Canada will use information from this survey for statistical purposes.

NOTE:

1. If this organization performs in-house research and development (R&D) and outsources R&D, complete all questions.
2. If this organization performs in-house (R&D) and does not outsource R&D, complete questions 1-6, 9-22.
3. If this organization outsources (R&D) and does not perform in-house R&D, complete questions 1-4, 6-8, 13, 17-22.
4. If this organization does not perform in-house (R&D) and does not outsource R&D, complete questions 1-4, 6, 13, 17, 18 & 20-22.

For this survey

'In-house R&D' refers to

Expenditures within Canada for R&D performed within this organization by:

• employees (permanent, temporary or casual)
• self-employed individuals or contractors who are working on-site on this organization's R&D projects.

'Outsourced R&D' refers to

Payments made within or outside Canada to other organizations, businesses or individuals to fund R&D performance:

• grants
• fellowships
• contracts.

Reporting period information

Here are some examples of common fiscal periods that fall within the targeted dates:

• May 1, 2023 to April 30, 2024
• July 1, 2023 to June 30, 2024
• October 1, 2023 to September 30, 2024
• January 1, 2024 to December 31, 2024
• February 1, 2024 to January 31, 2025
• April 1, 2024 to March 31, 2025

Here are other examples of fiscal periods that fall within the required dates:

• September 18, 2023 to September 15, 2024 (e.g., floating year-end)
• June 1, 2024 to December 31, 2024 (e.g., a newly opened organization)

Definitions and Concepts

Research and experimental development (R&D) comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge – including knowledge of humankind, culture and society – and to devise new applications of available knowledge.

R&D is performed in the natural sciences, engineering, social sciences and humanities. There are three types of R&D activities: basic research, applied research and experimental development.

Activities included and excluded from R&D

Inclusions

Prototypes

Include design, construction and operation of prototypes, provided that the primary objective is to make further improvements or to undertake technical testing. Exclude if the prototype is for commercial purposes.

Clinical Trials

Include clinical trial phases 1, 2, and 3. Include clinical trial phase 4 only if it brings about a further scientific or technological advance.

Pilot plants

Include construction and operation of pilot plants, provided that the primary objective is to make further improvements or to undertake technical testing. Exclude if the pilot plant is intended to be operated for commercial purposes.

New computer software or significant improvements/modifications to existing computer software

Includes technological or scientific advances in theoretical computer sciences; operating systems e.g., improvement in interface management, developing new operating system or converting an existing operating system to a significantly different hardware environment; programming languages; and applications if a significant technological change occurs.

Contracts

Include all contracts which require R&D. For contracts which include other work, report only the R&D costs.

Research work in the social sciences

Include if projects are employing new or significantly different modelling techniques or developing new formulae, analyzing data not previously available or applying new research techniques, development of community strategies for disease prevention, or health education.

Exclude:

• routine analytical projects using standard techniques and existing data
• routine market research
• routine statistical analysis intended for on-going monitoring of an activity.

Exclusions

Routine analysis in the social sciences including policy-related studies, management studies and efficiency studies

Exclude analytical projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies, principles and models of the related social sciences to bear on a particular problem (e.g., commentary on the probable economic effects of a change in the tax structure, using existing economic data; use of standard techniques in applied psychology to select and classify industrial and military personnel, students, etc., and to test children with reading or other disabilities).

Consumer surveys, advertising, market research

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for commercialization of the results of R&D.

Routine quality control and testing

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies not intended to create new knowledge, even if carried out by personnel normally engaged in R&D.

Pre-production activities such as demonstration of commercial viability, tooling up, trial production, and trouble shooting

Although R&D may be required as a result of these steps, these activities are excluded.

Prospecting, exploratory drilling, development of mines, oil or gas wells

Include only if for R&D projects concerned with new equipment or techniques in these activities, such as in-situ and tertiary recovery research.

Engineering

Exclude engineering unless it is in direct support of R&D.

Design and drawing

Exclude design and drawing unless it is in direct support of R&D.

Patent and license work

Exclude all administrative and legal work connected with patents and licenses.

Cosmetic modifications or style changes to existing products

Exclude if no significant technical improvement or modification to the existing products has occurred.

General purpose or routine data collection

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for on-going monitoring of an activity.

Routine computer programming, systems maintenance or software application

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended to support on-going operations.

Routine mathematical or statistical analysis or operations analysis

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for on-going monitoring of an activity.

Activities associated with standards compliance

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended to support standards compliance.

Specialized routine medical care such as routine pathology services

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for on-going monitoring of an activity where results do not further scientific, technological advance, or understanding of the effectiveness of a technology.

In-house R&D expenditures within Canada (Q5 – Q8)

In-house R&D expenditures are composed of current in-house R&D expenditures and capital in-house R&D expenditures.

Current in-house R&D expenditures

Include:

• wages, salaries, benefits and fringe benefits, materials and supplies
• services to support R&D, including on-site R&D consultants and contactors
• necessary background literature
• minor scientific equipment
• associated administrative overhead costs.

a. Wages, salaries of permanent, temporary and casual R&D employees

Include benefits and fringe benefits of employees engaged in R&D activities. Benefits and fringe benefits include bonus payments, holiday or vacation pay, pension fund contributions, other social security payments, payroll taxes, etc.

b. Services to support R&D

Include:

• payments to on-site R&D consultants and contractors working under the direct control of your organization
• other services including indirect services purchased to support in-house R&D such as security, storage, repair, maintenance and use of buildings and equipment
• computer services, software licensing fees and dissemination of R&D findings.

c. R&D materials

Include:

• water, fuel, gas and electricity
• materials for creation of prototypes
• reference materials (books, journals, etc.)
• subscriptions to libraries and databases, memberships to scientific societies, etc.
• cost of outsourced (contracted out or granted) small R&D prototypes or R&D models
• materials for laboratories (chemicals, animals, etc.)
• all other R&D-related materials.

d. All other current R&D costs including overhead

Include administrative and overhead costs (e.g., office, lease/rent, post and telecommunications, internet, legal expenditures, insurance), prorated if necessary to allow for non-R&D activities within the organization.

Exclude:

• interest charges
• value-added taxes (goods and services tax (GST) or harmonized sales tax (HST)).

Capital in-house R&D expenditures

Capital in-house R&D expenditures are the annual gross amount paid for the acquisition of fixed assets that are used repeatedly, or continuously in the performance of R&D for more than one year. Report capital in-house R&D expenditures in full for the period when they occurred.

Include costs for software, land, buildings and structures, equipment, machinery and other capital costs.

Exclude capital depreciation.

e. Software

Include applications and systems software (original, customized and off-the-shelf software), supporting documentation and other software-related acquisitions.

f. Land acquired for R&D including testing grounds, sites for laboratories and pilot plants.

g. Buildings and structures that are constructed or purchased for R&D activities or that have undergone major improvements, modifications, renovations and repairs for R&D activities.

h. Equipment, machinery and all other capital

Include major equipment, machinery and instruments, including embedded software, acquired for R&D activities.

Outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures (Q9 – Q12)

Include payments made through contracts, grants donations and fellowships to another company, organization or individual to purchase or fund R&D activities.

Exclude expenditures for on-site R&D contractors.

1. Companies include all incorporated for-profit businesses and government business enterprises providing products in the market at market rates.
2. Private non-profit organizations include voluntary health organizations, private philanthropic foundations, associations and societies and research institutes. They are not-for-profit organizations that serve the public interest by supporting activities related to public welfare (such as health, education, the environment).
3. Industrial research institutes or associations include all non-profit organizations that serve the business sector, with industrial associations frequently consisting of their membership.
4. Universities include hospitals and clinics when they are affiliated with a university and provide education services or when R&D activity is under the direct control of a university.
5. Federal government includes all federal government departments and agencies. It excludes federal government business enterprises providing products in the market.
6. Provincial or territorial governments include all provincial or territorial government ministries, departments and agencies. It excludes provincial or territorial government business enterprises providing products in the market.
7. Provincial or territorial research organizations are organizations created under provincial or territorial law which conduct or facilitate research on behalf of the province or territory.
8. Other organizations – individuals, non-university educational institutions, foreign governments including ministries, departments and agencies of foreign governments.

Sources of funds for in-house R&D expenditures in 2024 (Q17)

Include Canadian and foreign sources.

Exclude:

• payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 10
• capital depreciation.

1. Funds from this organization

   Amount contributed by this organization to R&D performed within Canada (include interest payments and other income, land, buildings, machinery and equipment (capital expenditures) purchased for R&D).

2. Funds from member companies or affiliates

   Amount received from member organizations and affiliated organizations used to perform R&D within Canada (include annual fees and sustaining grants, land, buildings, machinery and equipment (capital expenditures) purchased for R&D).

3. Federal government grants or funding

   Funds received from the federal government in support of R&D activities not connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

4. Federal government contracts

   Funds received from the federal government in support of R&D activities connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

5. R&D contract work for companies

   Funds received from companies to perform R&D on their behalf.

6. Provincial or territorial government grants or funding

   Funds received from the provincial or territorial government in support of R&D activities not connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

7. Provincial or territorial government contracts

   Funds received from the provincial or territorial government in support of R&D activities connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

8. R&D contract work for private non-profit organizations

   Funds received from non-profit organizations to perform R&D on their behalf.

9. Other sources

   Funds received from all other sources not previously classified.

Fields of R&D for in-house R&D expenditures within Canada in 2024 (Q19)

Exclude:

• payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 10
• capital depreciation.

Natural and formal sciences

Mathematics, physical sciences, chemical sciences, earth and related environmental sciences, biological sciences, other natural sciences.

Exclude computer sciences, information sciences and bioinformatics (to be reported at lines s. and t).

1. Mathematics: pure mathematics, applied mathematics, statistics and probability.
2. Physical sciences: atomic, molecular and chemical physics, interaction with radiation, magnetic resonances, condensed matter physics, solid state physics and superconductivity, particles and fields physics, nuclear physics, fluids and plasma physics (including surface physics), optics (including laser optics and quantum optics), acoustics, astronomy (including astrophysics, space science).
3. Chemical sciences: organic chemistry, inorganic and nuclear chemistry, physical chemistry, polymer science and plastics, electrochemistry (dry cells, batteries, fuel cells, metal corrosion, electrolysis), colloid chemistry, analytical chemistry.
4. Earth and related environmental sciences: geosciences, geophysics, mineralogy and palaeontology, geochemistry and geophysics, physical geography, geology and volcanology, environmental sciences, meteorology, atmospheric sciences and climatic research, oceanography, hydrology and water resources.
5. Biological sciences: cell biology, microbiology and virology, biochemistry, molecular biology and biochemical research, mycology, biophysics, genetics and heredity (medical genetics under medical biotechnology), reproductive biology (medical aspects under medical biotechnology), developmental biology, plant sciences and botany, zoology, ornithology, entomology and behavioural sciences biology, marine biology, freshwater biology and limnology, ecology and biodiversity conservation, biology (theoretical, thermal, cryobiology, biological rhythm), evolutionary biology.
6. Other natural sciences: other natural sciences.

Engineering and Technology

Civil engineering, electrical engineering, electronic engineering and communications technology, mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, materials engineering, medical engineering, environmental engineering, environmental biotechnology, industrial biotechnology, nanotechnology, other engineering and technologies.

Exclude software engineering and technology (to be reported at line r).

7. Civil engineering: civil engineering, architecture engineering, municipal and structural engineering, transport engineering.
8. Electrical engineering, electronic engineering and communications technology: electrical and electronic engineering, robotics and automatic control, micro-electronics, semiconductors, automation and control systems, communication engineering and systems, telecommunications, computer hardware and architecture.
9. Mechanical engineering: mechanical engineering, applied mechanics, thermodynamics, aerospace engineering, nuclear-related engineering (nuclear physics under Physical sciences), acoustical engineering, reliability analysis and non-destructive testing, automotive and transportation engineering and manufacturing, tooling, machinery and equipment engineering and manufacturing, heating, ventilation and air conditioning engineering and manufacturing.
10. Chemical engineering: chemical engineering (plants, products), chemical process engineering.
11. Materials engineering: materials engineering and metallurgy, ceramics, coating and films (including packaging and printing), plastics, rubber and composites (including laminates and reinforced plastics), paper and wood and textiles, construction materials (organic and inorganic).
12. Medical engineering: medical and biomedical engineering, medical laboratory technology (excluding biomaterials, which should be reported under Industrial biotechnology).
13. Environmental engineering: environmental and geological engineering, petroleum engineering (fuel, oils), energy and fuels, remote sensing, mining and mineral processing, marine engineering, sea vessels and ocean engineering.
14. Environmental biotechnology: environmental biotechnology, bioremediation, diagnostic biotechnologies in environmental management (DNA chips and bio-sensing devices).
15. Industrial biotechnology: industrial biotechnology, bioprocessing technologies, biocatalysis and fermentation bioproducts (products that are manufactured using biological material as feedstock), biomaterials (bioplastics, biofuels, bioderived bulk and fine chemicals, bio-derived materials).
16. Nanotechnology: nano-materials (production and properties), nano-processes (applications on nano-scale).
17. Other engineering and technologies: food and beverages, oenology, other engineering and technologies.

Software-related sciences and technology

Software engineering and technology, computer sciences, information technology and bioinformatics.

18. Software engineering and technology: computer software engineering, computer software technology, and other related computer software engineering and technologies.
19. Computer sciences: computer science, artificial intelligence, cryptography, and other related computer sciences.
20. Information technology and bioinformatics: information technology, informatics, bioinformatics, biomathematics, and other related information technologies.

Medical and health sciences

Basic medicine, clinical medicine, health sciences, medical biotechnology, other medical sciences.

21. Basic medicine: anatomy and morphology (plant science under biological science), human genetics, immunology, neurosciences, pharmacology and pharmacy and medicinal chemistry, toxicology, physiology and cytology, pathology.
22. Clinical medicine: andrology, obstetrics and gynaecology, paediatrics, cardiac and cardiovascular systems, haematology, anaesthesiology, orthopaedics, radiology and nuclear medicine, dentistry, oral surgery and medicine, dermatology, venereal diseases and allergy, rheumatology, endocrinology and metabolism and gastroenterology, urology and nephrology, and oncology.
23. Health sciences: health care sciences and nursing, nutrition and dietetics, parasitology, infectious diseases and epidemiology, occupational health.
24. Medical biotechnology: health-related biotechnology, technologies involving the manipulation of cells, tissues, organs or the whole organism, technologies involving identifying the functioning of DNA, proteins and enzymes, pharmacogenomics, gene-based therapeutics, biomaterials (related to medical implants, devices, sensors).
25. Other medical sciences: forensic science, other medical sciences.

Agricultural Sciences

Agriculture, forestry and fisheries sciences, animal and dairy sciences, veterinary sciences, agricultural biotechnology, other agricultural sciences.

26. Agriculture, forestry and fisheries sciences: agriculture, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, soil science, horticulture, viticulture, agronomy, plant breeding and plant protection.
27. Animal and dairy sciences: animal and dairy science, animal husbandry.
28. Veterinary sciences: veterinary science (all).
29. Agricultural biotechnology: agricultural biotechnology and food biotechnology, genetically modified (GM) organism technology and livestock cloning, diagnostics (DNA chips and biosensing devices), biomass feedstock production technologies and biopharming.
30. Other agricultural sciences: other agricultural sciences.

Social sciences and humanities

Psychology, educational sciences, economics and business, other social sciences, humanities.

31. Psychology: cognitive psychology and psycholinguistics, experimental psychology, psychometrics and quantitative psychology, and other fields of psychology.
32. Educational sciences: education, training and other related educational sciences.
33. Economics and business:micro-economics, macro-economics, econometrics, labour economics, financial economics, business economics, entrepreneurial and business administration, management and operations, management sciences, finance and all other related fields of economics and business.
34. Other social sciences:anthropology (social and cultural) and ethnology, demography, geography (human, economic and social), planning (town, city and country), management, organization and methods (excluding market research unless new methods/techniques are developed), law, linguistics, political sciences, sociology, miscellaneous social sciences and interdisciplinary, and methodological and historical science and technology activities relating to subjects in this group.
35. Humanities: history (history, prehistory and history, together with auxiliary historical disciplines such as archaeology, numismatics, palaeography, genealogy, etc.), languages and literature (ancient and modern), other humanities (philosophy (including the history of science and technology)), arts (history of art, art criticism, painting, sculpture, musicology, dramatic art excluding artistic "research" of any kind), religion, theology, other fields and subjects pertaining to the humanities, and methodological, historical and other science and technology activities relating to the subjects in this group.

In-house R&D personnel in 2024 (Q71 - Q73)

R&D personnel

Include:

• permanent, temporary and casual R&D employees
• independent on-site R&D consultants and contractors working in your organization's offices, laboratories, or other facilities
• employees engaged in R&D-related support activities.

Researchers and research managers are composed of:

1. Scientists, social scientists, engineers and researchers are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge. They conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models, techniques instrumentation, software or operational methods. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.
2. Senior research managers plan or manage R&D projects and programs. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.

R&D technical, administrative and support staff are composed of:

3. Technicians and technologists and research assistants are persons whose main tasks require technical knowledge and experience in one or more fields of engineering, the physical and life sciences, or the social sciences, humanities and the arts. They participate in R&D by performing scientific and technical tasks involving the application of concepts, operational methods and the use of research equipment, normally under the supervision of researchers. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.
4. Other R&D technical, administrative support staff include skilled and unskilled craftsmen, and administrative, secretarial and clerical staff participating in R&D projects or directly associated with such projects.

On-site R&D consultants and contractors are individuals hired 1) to perform project-based work or to provide goods at a fixed or ascertained price or within a certain time or 2) to provide advice or services in a specialized field for a fee and, in both cases, work at the location specified and controlled by the contracting company or organization.

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

R&D may be carried out by persons who work solely on R&D projects or by persons who devote only part of their time to R&D, and the balance to other activities such as testing, quality control and production engineering. To arrive at the total effort devoted to R&D in terms of personnel, it is necessary to estimate the full-time equivalent of these persons working only part-time in R&D.

FTE (full-time equivalent): Number of persons who work solely on R&D projects + the time of persons working only part of their time on R&D.

Example calculation: If out of four scientists engaged in R&D work, one works solely on R&D projects and the remaining three devote only one quarter of their working time to R&D, then: FTE = 1 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 = 1.75 scientists.

Technology and technical assistant payments in 2024 (Q74 - Q76)

Definitions (equivalent to the Canadian Intellectual Property Office: Canadian Intellectual Property Office)

1. Patent

   Government grant giving the right to exclude others from making, using or selling an invention.

2. Copyright

   Legal protection for literary, artistic, dramatic or musical works, computer programs, performer's performances, sound recordings, and communication signals.

3. Trademark

   A word, symbol or design, or combination of these, used to distinguish goods or services of one person or organization from those of others in the marketplace.

4. Industrial design

   Legal protection against imitation of the shape, pattern, or ornamentation of an object.

5. Integrated circuit topography

   Three-dimensional configurations of the elements and interconnections embodied in an integrated circuit product.

6. Original software

   Computer programs and descriptive materials for both systems and applications. Original software can be created in-house or outsourced and includes packaged software with customization.

7. Packaged or off-the-shelf software

   Packaged software purchased for organizational use, excluding software with customization.

8. Databases

   Data files organized to permit effective access and use of the data including access clinical trial registries and administrative health data for research purposes. Includes partnerships supporting the development of databases, such as patient or clinical trial registries or biobanks, to be used for research purposes (e.g., developing a national bladder cancer patient registry with Bladder Cancer Canada for future research).

9. Other technology and technical assistance

   Technical assistance, industrial processes and know-how including technology transfer and know how such as batch pilot production, method develop, and validation related to technology or manufacturing transfer.

Energy-related R&D by area of technology (Q23 - Q70)

Fossil Fuels

Crude oils and natural gas exploration, crude oils and natural gas production, oil sands and heavy crude oils surface and sub-surface production and separation of the bitumen, tailings management, refining, processing and upgrading, coal production, separation and processing, transportation of fossil fuels.

1. Crude oils and natural gas exploration

   Include development of advanced exploration methods (geophysical, geochemical, seismic, magnetic) for on-shore and offshore prospecting.

2. Crude oil and natural gas production and storage, include enhanced recovery natural gas production

   Include on-shore and offshore deep drilling equipment and techniques for conventional oil and gas, secondary and tertiary recovery of oil and gas, hydro fracturing techniques, processing and cleaning of raw product, storage on remote platforms (e.g., Arctic, offshore), safety aspects of offshore platforms.

3. Oil sands and heavy crude oils surface and sub-surface production and separation of the bitumen, tailings management

   Include surface and in-situ production (e.g., SAGD), tailings management.

4. Refining, processing and upgrading of fossil fuels

   Include processing of natural gas to pipeline specifications, and refining of conventional crude oils to refined petroleum products (RPPs), and the upgrading of bitumen and heavy oils either to synthetic crude oil or to RPPs. Upgrading may be done at an oil sands plant, regional merchant upgraders or integrated into a refinery producing RPPs.

5. Coal production, separation and processing

   Include coal, lignite and peat exploration, deposit evaluation techniques, mining techniques, separation techniques, coking and blending, other processing such as coal to liquids, underground (in-situ) gasification.

6. Transportation of fossil fuels

   Include transport of gaseous, liquid and solid hydrocarbons via pipelines (land and submarine) and their network evaluation, safety aspects of LNG transport and storage.

Renewable energy resources

Solar photovoltaics (PV), solar thermal-power and high-temperature applications, solar heating and cooling, wind energy, bio-energy – biomass production and transport, bio-energy – biomass conversion to transportation fuel, bio-energy – biomass conversion to heat and electricity, other bio-energy, small hydro (less than 10 MW), large hydro (greater than or equal to 10 MW), other renewable energy.

1. Solar photovoltaics (PV)

   Include solar cell development, PV-module development, PV-inverter development, building-integrated PV-modules, PV-system development, other.

2. Solar thermal-power and high-temperature applications

   Include solar chemistry, concentrating collector development, solar thermal power plants, high-temperature applications for heat and power.

3. Solar heating and cooling

   Include daylighting, passive and active solar heating and cooling, collector development, hot water preparation, combined-space heating, solar architecture, solar drying, solar-assisted ventilation, swimming pool heating, low-temperature process heating, other.

4. Wind energy

   Include technology development, such as blades, turbines, converters structures, system integration, other.

5. Bio-energy – Biomass production and transport

   Include improvement of energy crops, research on bio-energy production potential and associated land-use effects, supply and transport of bio-solids, bio-liquids, biogas and bio-derived energy products (e.g., ethanol, biodiesel), compacting and baling, other.

6. Bio-energy – Biomass conversion to transportation fuel

   Include conventional biofuels, cellulosic-derived alcohols, biomass gas-to-liquids, other energy-related products and by-products.

7. Bio-energy – Biomass conversion to heat and electricity

   Include bio-based heat, electricity and combined heat and power (CHP), exclude multi-firing with fossil fuels.

8. Other bio-energy

   Include recycling and the use of municipal, industrial and agricultural waste as energy not covered elsewhere.

9. Small hydro (less than 10 MW)

   Include plants with capacity below 10 MW.

10. Large hydro (greater than or equal to 10 MW)

    Include plants with capacity of 10 MW and above.

11. Other renewable energy

    Include hot dry rock, hydro-thermal, geothermal heat applications (including agriculture), tidal power, wave energy, ocean current power, ocean thermal power, other.

Nuclear fission and fusion

Materials exploration, mining and preparation, tailings management, nuclear reactors, other fission, fusion.

1. Nuclear materials exploration, mining and preparation, tailings management

   Include development of advanced exploration methods (geophysical, geochemical) for prospecting, ore surface and in-situ production, uranium and thorium extraction and conversion, enrichment, handling of tailings and remediation.

2. Nuclear reactors

   Include nuclear reactors of all types and related system components.

3. Other fission

   Include nuclear safety, environmental protection (emission reduction or avoidance), radiation protection and decommissioning of power plants and related nuclear fuel cycle installations, nuclear waste treatment, disposal and storage, fissile material recycling, fissile materials control, transport of radioactive materials.

4. Fusion

   Include all types (e.g., magnetic confinement, laser applications).

Electric Power

Generation in utility sector, combined heat and power in industry and in buildings, electricity transmission, distribution and storage of electricity.

1. Electric power generation in utility sector

   Include conventional and non-conventional technology (e.g., pulverised coal, fluidised bed, gasification-combined cycle, supercritical), re-powering, retrofitting, life extensions and upgrading of power plants, generators and components, super-conductivity, magneto hydrodynamic, dry cooling towers, co-firing (e.g., with biomass), air and thermal pollution reduction or avoidance, flue gas cleanup (excluding CO2 removal), CHP (combined heat and power) not covered elsewhere.

2. Electric power - combined heat and power in industry, buildings

   Include industrial applications, small scale applications for buildings.

3. Electricity transmission, distribution and storage

   Include solid state power electronics, load management and control systems, network problems, super-conducting cables, AC and DC high voltage cables, HVDC transmission, other transmission and distribution related to integrating distributed and intermittent generating sources into networks, all storage (e.g., batteries, hydro reservoirs, fly wheels), other.

Hydrogen and fuel cells

Hydrogen production for process applications, hydrogen production for transportation applications, hydrogen transport and storage, other hydrogen, fuel cells, both stationary and mobile.

1. Hydrogen production for process applications
2. Hydrogen production for transportation applications
3. Hydrogen transport and storage
4. Other hydrogen

   Include end uses (e.g., combustion), other infrastructure and systems R&D (refuelling stations).

5. Stationary fuel cells

   Include electricity generation, other stationary end-use.

6. Mobile fuel cells

   Include portable applications.

Energy efficiency

Industry, residential and commercial, transportation, other energy efficiency.

1. Energy efficiency applications for industry

   Include reduction of energy consumption through improved use of energy and/or reduction or avoidance of air and other emissions related to the use of energy in industrial systems and processes (excluding bio-energy-related) through the development of new techniques, new processes and new equipment, other.

2. Energy efficiency for residential, institutional and commercial sectors

   Include space heating and cooling, ventilation and lighting control systems other than solar technologies, low energy housing design and performance other than solar technologies, new insulation and building materials, thermal performance of buildings, domestic appliances, other.

3. Energy efficiency for transportation

   Includes analysis and optimisation of energy consumption in the transport sector, efficiency improvements in light-duty vehicles, heavy-duty vehicles, non-road vehicles, public transport systems, engine-fuel optimisation, use of alternative fuels (liquid and gaseous, other than hydrogen), fuel additives, diesel engines, Stirling motors, electric cars, hybrid cars, air emission reduction, other.

4. Other energy efficiency

   Include waste heat utilisation (heat maps, process integration, total energy systems, low temperature thermodynamic cycles), district heating, heat pump development, reduction of energy consumption in the agricultural sector.

Other energy-related technologies

Carbon capture, transportation and storage for fossil fuel production and processing, electric power generation, industry in end-use sector, energy systems analysis, all other energy-related technologies.

1. Carbon capture, transport and storage related to fossil fuel production and processing
2. Carbon capture, transport and storage related to electric power production
3. Carbon capture, transport and storage related to industry in end-use sector

   Include industry in the end-use sector, such as steel production, manufacturing, etc. (exclude fossil fuel production and processing and electric power production).

4. Energy system analysis

   Include system analysis related to energy R&D not covered elsewhere, sociological, economical and environmental impact of energy which are not specifically related to one technology area listed in the sections above.

5. All other energy technologies

   Include energy technology information dissemination, studies not related to a specific technology area listed above.

Environmental and clean technology R&D expenditures in 2024

Air pollution management

Activities aimed at reducing the emissions of pollutants (including greenhouse gases) to the atmosphere. Include pollution abatement and control (i.e., end-of-pipe processes) and pollution prevention (i.e., integrated processes), as well as related measurement, control, laboratories and the like.

Solid waste management

Activities related to the collection, treatment, storage, disposal, and recycling of all domestic, industrial, non-hazardous and hazardous waste (including low-level radioactive waste). Include monitoring activities. Exclude radioactive waste and mine tailings handling and treatment (to be reported under Protection against radiation and Wastewater management, respectively).

Wastewater management

Activities aimed at pollution reduction or prevention through the abatement of pollutants or the reduction of the release of wastewater. Include measures aimed at reducing pollutants before discharge, reducing the release of wastewater, septic tanks, treatment of cooling water, handling and treatment of mine tailings, etc.

Protection and remediation of soil, groundwater and surface water

Activities aimed at the prevention of pollution infiltration: remediation or cleaning up of soils and water bodies; protection of soil from erosion, salinization and physical degradation; monitoring, control, laboratories and the like. Exclude management of wastewater released to surface waters, municipal sewer systems or soil, or injected underground (to be reported under Wastewater management) and protection of biodiversity and habitat (to be reported under Protection of biodiversity and habitat).

Protection of biodiversity and habitat

Activities related to protecting wildlife and habitat from the effects of economic activity, and to restoring wildlife or habitat that has been adversely affected by such activity. Include related environmental measurements, monitoring, control, laboratories and the like.

Noise and vibration abatement

Activities aimed at controlling or reducing industrial and transport noise and vibration for the sole purpose of protecting the environment. Include preventive in-process modifications at the source, construction of anti-noise/vibration facilities, measurement, control, laboratories and the like.

Protection against radiation

Activities aimed at preventing, reducing, or eliminating the negative consequences of radiation on the environment. This includes all handling, transportation, and treatment of radioactive waste (i.e. waste that requires shielding during normal handling and transportation due to high radionuclide content), the protection of ambient media, measurement, control, laboratories and the like, as well as any other activities related to the containment of radioactive waste. Exclude activities and measures related to low-level radioactive waste (to be reported under Solid waste management), the prevention of technological hazards (e.g., external safety of nuclear power plants), and measures taken to protect workers.

Heat or energy savings and management

Activities aimed at reducing the intake of energy through in-process modifications (such as adjustment of production processes or heat and electricity co-generation), as well as reducing heat and energy losses. This includes insulation activities, energy recovery, measurement, control, laboratories and the like.

Renewable energy

Energy obtained from resources that naturally replenish or renew within a human lifespan (i.e. the resource is a sustainable source of energy). This includes wind, solar, aero-thermal, geothermal, hydrothermal and ocean energy, hydropower, biomass, landfill gas, sewage treatment plant gas and biogases.

Notification of intent to extract web data

Statistics Canada engages in web-data extraction, also known as web scraping, which is a process by which information is gathered and copied from the Web using automated scripts or robots, for retrieval and analysis. As a result, we may visit the website for this business to search for and compile additional information. The use of web scraping is part of a broader effort to reduce the response burden on businesses, as well as produce additional statistical indicators to ensure that our data remain accurate and relevant.

We will strive to ensure that the data collection does not interfere with the functionality of the website. Any data collected will be used by Statistics Canada for statistical and research purposes only, in accordance with the agency's privacy and confidentiality mandate. All information collected by Statistics Canada is strictly protected.

More information regarding Statistics Canada's web scraping initiative.

Learn more about Statistics Canada's transparency and accountability.

If you have any questions or concerns, please contact Statistics Canada Client Services, toll-free at 1-877-949-9492 (TTY: 1-800-363-7629) or by email at infostats@statcan.gc.ca. Additional information about this survey can be found at the following link:

Information for survey participants (ISP)