Monthly Survey of Food Services and Drinking Places: CVs for Total Sales by Geography - September 2025

 

CVs for Total sales by geography
Geography Month
202409 202410 202411 202412 202501 202502 202503 202504 202505 202506 202507 202508 202509
percentage
Canada 0.14 0.14 0.19 0.14 0.17 0.22 0.16 0.15 0.16 0.09 0.10 0.12 0.13
Newfoundland and Labrador 0.59 0.57 0.75 0.71 0.69 1.01 0.63 0.78 0.45 0.50 0.46 1.05 1.13
Prince Edward Island 2.30 4.57 4.09 4.39 4.99 1.26 1.09 0.87 0.72 0.81 0.79 0.92 0.84
Nova Scotia 0.48 0.37 0.38 0.42 0.48 1.57 0.60 0.58 0.41 0.35 0.33 0.43 0.61
New Brunswick 0.52 0.46 0.57 0.62 0.59 0.82 0.57 0.51 0.42 0.49 0.38 0.49 0.87
Quebec 0.35 0.16 0.56 0.24 0.29 0.54 0.36 0.53 0.26 0.16 0.19 0.32 0.32
Ontario 0.25 0.30 0.31 0.29 0.34 0.35 0.31 0.23 0.36 0.17 0.15 0.17 0.17
Manitoba 0.46 0.40 0.48 0.55 0.70 0.74 0.75 0.56 0.50 0.39 0.47 0.54 0.51
Saskatchewan 0.59 0.83 0.75 0.99 0.65 0.69 0.52 0.54 0.47 0.53 0.51 0.63 0.77
Alberta 0.24 0.32 0.31 0.28 0.38 0.59 0.41 0.32 0.34 0.25 0.29 0.30 0.26
British Columbia 0.22 0.27 0.26 0.22 0.29 0.49 0.29 0.20 0.24 0.16 0.22 0.24 0.22
Yukon Territory 2.51 2.89 2.42 2.25 3.18 26.11 3.86 2.69 2.04 2.49 2.63 3.26 9.43
Northwest Territories 3.38 3.22 2.91 3.57 3.42 34.07 18.21 2.90 17.86 3.29 2.66 3.47 12.26
Nunavut 13.21 12.76 61.05 6.85 4.28 129.90 6.89 59.24 66.28 9.14 9.60 35.41 8.80

National Travel Survey: C.V.s for Person-Trips by Duration of Trip, Main Trip Purpose and Country or Region of Trip Destination - Q2 2025

National Travel Survey: C.V.s for Person-Trips by Duration of Trip, Main Trip Purpose and Country or Region of Trip Destination - Q2 2025
Table summary
This table displays the results of C.V.s for Person-Trips by Duration of Trip, Main Trip Purpose and Country or Region of Trip Destination. The information is grouped by Duration of trip (appearing as row headers), Main Trip Purpose, Country or Region of Trip Destination (Total, Canada, United States, Overseas) calculated using Person-Trips in Thousands (× 1,000) and C.V. as a units of measure (appearing as column headers).
Duration of Trip Main Trip Purpose Country or Region of Trip Destination
Total Canada United States Overseas
Person-Trips (x 1,000) C.V. Person-Trips (x 1,000) C.V. Person-Trips (x 1,000) C.V. Person-Trips (x 1,000) C.V.
Total Duration Total Main Trip Purpose 87,547 A 79,374 A 5,075 A 3,098 A
Holiday, leisure or recreation 32,000 A 27,515 A 2,301 B 2,184 A
Visit friends or relatives 34,430 A 32,397 A 1,449 B 584 B
Personal conference, convention or trade show 1,583 D 1,486 D 81 E 16 E
Shopping, non-routine 6,074 B 5,862 B 204 D 8 E
Other personal reasons 6,439 B 5,827 B 505 D 108 D
Business conference, convention or trade show 2,319 B 1,978 B 253 C 88 D
Other business 4,701 B 4,309 B 281 D 110 C
Same-Day Total Main Trip Purpose 53,524 A 51,588 A 1,936 B ..  
Holiday, leisure or recreation 16,833 A 16,140 A 693 C ..  
Visit friends or relatives 21,296 A 20,784 A 512 C ..  
Personal conference, convention or trade show 963 E 956 E F   ..  
Shopping, non-routine 5,564 B 5,375 B 189 D ..  
Other personal reasons 4,780 C 4,397 C 383 E ..  
Business conference, convention or trade show 805 C 805 C F   ..  
Other business 3,283 C 3,131 C 152 E ..  
Overnight Total Main Trip Purpose 34,023 A 27,786 A 3,139 A 3,098 A
Holiday, leisure or recreation 15,167 A 11,375 A 1,607 B 2,184 A
Visit friends or relatives 13,134 A 11,613 A 937 B 584 B
Personal conference, convention or trade show 620 B 530 C 74 E 16 E
Shopping, non-routine 511 C 487 C 15 E 8 E
Other personal reasons 1,660 B 1,430 B 122 C 108 D
Business conference, convention or trade show 1,514 B 1,173 B 253 C 88 D
Other business 1,418 B 1,178 C 130 C 110 C
..
data not available

Estimates contained in this table have been assigned a letter to indicate their coefficient of variation (c.v.) (expressed as a percentage). The letter grades represent the following coefficients of variation:

A
c.v. between or equal to 0.00% and 5.00% and means Excellent.
B
c.v. between or equal to 5.01% and 15.00% and means Very good.
C
c.v. between or equal to 15.01% and 25.00% and means Good.
D
c.v. between or equal to 25.01% and 35.00% and means Acceptable.
E
c.v. greater than 35.00% and means Use with caution.
F
too unreliable to be published

National Travel Survey: C.V.s for Visit-Expenditures by Duration of Visit, Main Trip Purpose and Country or Region of Expenditures - Q2 2025

National Travel Survey: C.V.s for Visit-Expenditures by Duration of Visit, Main Trip Purpose and Country or Region of Expenditures, including expenditures at origin and those for air commercial transportation in Canada, in Thousands of Dollars (x 1,000)
Table summary
This table displays the results of C.V.s for Visit-Expenditures by Duration of Visit, Main Trip Purpose and Country or Region of Expenditures. The information is grouped by Duration of trip (appearing as row headers), Main Trip Purpose, Country or Region of Expenditures (Total, Canada, United States, Overseas) calculated using Visit-Expenditures in Thousands of Dollars (x 1,000) and c.v. as units of measure (appearing as column headers).
Duration of Visit Main Trip Purpose Country or Region of Expenditures
Total Canada United States Overseas
$ '000 C.V. $ '000 C.V. $ '000 C.V. $ '000 C.V.
Total Duration Total Main Trip Purpose 34,305,850 A 20,278,203 A 5,649,268 B 8,378,379 B
Holiday, leisure or recreation 18,647,920 B 8,444,017 B 3,943,947 B 6,259,957 B
Visit friends or relatives 7,518,287 B 5,712,637 B 723,600 C 1,082,050 C
Personal conference, convention or trade show 640,635 B 548,719 C 79,296 E 12,620 E
Shopping, non-routine 1,163,082 C 1,034,820 C 83,823 E

44,439

E
Other personal reasons 1,647,968 B 1,130,001 B 189,750 C 328,217 D
Business conference, convention or trade show 2,270,978 B 1,565,586 B 444,047 C 261,344 E
Other business 2,416,979 C 1,842,422 C 184,805 C 389,751 D
Same-Day Total Main Trip Purpose 6,269,322 B 5,903,858 B 276,423 C 89,040 E
Holiday, leisure or recreation 2,335,686 B 2,118,737 B 168,330 D 48,619 E
Visit friends or relatives 1,758,251 B 1,720,737 B 37,513 D ..  
Personal conference, convention or trade show 152,900 E 151,481 E F   ..  
Shopping, non-routine 923,090 C 846,827 C 36,358 E F  
Other personal reasons 477,247 C 449,949 C 26,781 E F  
Business conference, convention or trade show 130,545 C 130,529 C F   ..  
Other business 491,603 E 485,598 E 6,005 E ..  
Overnight Total Main Trip Purpose 28,036,528 A 14,374,345 A 5,372,844 B 8,289,339 B
Holiday, leisure or recreation 16,312,234 B 6,325,280 B 3,775,616 B 6,211,338 B
Visit friends or relatives 5,760,037 B 3,991,900 B 686,087 C 1,082,050 C
Personal conference, convention or trade show 487,735 B 397,238 C 77,877 E 12,620 E
Shopping, non-routine 239,992 E 187,994 D 47,464 E F  
Other personal reasons 1,170,722 B 680,052 B 162,968 D 327,701 D
Business conference, convention or trade show 2,140,432 B 1,435,057 B 444,031 C 261,344 E
Other business 1,925,376 C 1,356,824 C 178,800 C 389,751 D
..
data not available

Estimates contained in this table have been assigned a letter to indicate their coefficient of variation (c.v.) (expressed as a percentage). The letter grades represent the following coefficients of variation:

A
c.v. between or equal to 0.00% and 5.00% and means Excellent.
B
c.v. between or equal to 5.01% and 15.00% and means Very good.
C
c.v. between or equal to 15.01% and 25.00% and means Good.
D
c.v. between or equal to 25.01% and 35.00% and means Acceptable.
E
c.v. greater than 35.00% and means Use with caution.
F
too unreliable to be published

National Travel Survey Q2 2025: Response Rates

National Travel Survey Q2 2025: Response Rates
Table summary
This table displays the results of Response Rate. The information is grouped by Province of residence (appearing as row headers), Unweighted and Weighted (appearing as column headers), calculated using percentage unit of measure (appearing as column headers).
Province of residence Unweighted Weighted
Percentage
Newfoundland and Labrador 21.0 14.7
Prince Edward Island 20.9 19.6
Nova Scotia 25.6 22.3
New Brunswick 24.3 20.9
Quebec 26.0 22.7
Ontario 27.0 25.0
Manitoba 28.7 25.2
Saskatchewan 26.3 23.4
Alberta 24.0 21.3
British Columbia 28.2 26.5
Canada 26.0 23.8

Visitor Travel Survey: AES Calibration Groups – Q2 2025

Table 1
AES Calibration Groups for American Visitors
Calibration groups Number of groups
Region/Province of entry by duration of stay 16
Table 2
AES Calibration Groups for Overseas Visitors
Calibration groups Number of groups
Country of residence  24
Country of residence by duration 48
Region by duration 10

Labour Market Indicators – December 2025

In December 2025, questions measuring the Labour Market Indicators were added to the Labour Force Survey as a supplement.

Questionnaire flow within the collection application is controlled dynamically based on responses provided throughout the survey. Therefore, some respondents will not receive all questions, and there is a small chance that some households will not receive any questions at all. This is based on their answers to certain LFS questions.

Labour Market Indicators

ENTRY_Q01 / EQ 1 - From the following list, please select the household member that will be completing this questionnaire on behalf of the entire household.

DPE_Q01 / EQ 2 - In the last 12 months, did you use an Internet platform or an app to provide paid taxi or ride services in order to earn income?

  1. Yes, you provided these services to earn income
  2. No, you did not provide these services

DPE_Q02 / EQ 3 - What platforms or apps did you use to provide taxi or ride services in the last 12 months?

  • Uber
  • Lyft
  • Other

DPE_Q03 / EQ 4 - In the last 12 months, did you use an Internet platform or an app to carry out the delivery of food or other goods, in order to earn income?

  1. Yes, you provided these services to earn income
  2. No, you did not provide these services

DPE_Q04 / EQ 5 - What platforms or apps did you use to carry out the delivery of food or other goods in the last 12 months?

  • Uber Eats
  • SkipTheDishes
  • DoorDash
  • Instacart
  • Amazon Flex
  • Fantuan
  • Other

DPE_Q05 / EQ 6 - In the last 12 months, did you use an Internet platform or an app to sell goods or advertise them for sale in order to earn income for yourself?

  1. Yes, you sold goods to earn income or profit for yourself
  2. You only sold goods you no longer needed
  3. No

DPE_Q06 / EQ 7 - What platforms or apps did you use to sell goods or advertise them for sale in the last 12 months?

  1. Amazon
  2. Etsy
  3. Kijiji
  4. Facebook Marketplace
  5. eBay
  6. Craigslist
  7. Other
    • Specify

DPE_Q07 / EQ 8 - In the last 12 months, did you use an Internet platform or an app to provide any of the following services in order to earn income?

  • Cleaning, or handiwork such as assembling furniture, plumbing, yard work
  • Pet or house sitting
  • Child or elderly care
  • Medical, mental health or other health care services
  • Tutoring, teaching or training
  • Programming, coding or data analysis
  • Web, graphic design or video editing
  • Text editing, proofreading or translation
  • Data or text entry, transcription
  • Tagging or rating pictures or videos
  • Create or post content such as videos, blogs or podcasts
  • Professional services
  • Other services
    • Specify
    OR
  • None of the above

DPE_Q17 / EQ 9 - In the last 12 months, did you use an Internet platform or an app to rent out something that you own in order to earn income?

  • A room, a house, or any accommodation
  • A car, truck or van
  • Other
    • Specify
    OR
  • None of the above

DPE_Q18 / EQ 10 - Did you spend any time working as part of renting out the room, house or accommodation?

  1. Yes
  2. No

DPE_Q15 / EQ 11 - In the last 12 months, how were you paid for the work you carried out through these Internet platforms or apps?

  The clients always paid you directly You were always paid through the platform or app Sometimes the client paid you, sometimes the platform or app Other
Taxi or ride services        
Delivery of food or other goods        
Selling goods or advertising them for sale        
Cleaning or handiwork        
Pet or house sitting        
Child or elderly care        
Medical, mental health or other health care services        
Tutoring, teaching or training        
Programming, coding or data analysis        
Web, graphic design or video editing        
Text editing, proofreading or translation        
Data or text entry, transcription        
Tagging or rating pictures or videos        
Creating content such as videos, blogs or podcasts        
Professional services        
Other services        
Renting out a room, a house, or any accommodation        
Renting out a car, truck or van        
Renting out something else        

DPE_Q19 / EQ 12 - Did the apps or platforms you used in the last 12 months to earn income exercise control over any aspects of your work?

Is it:

  Controlled many aspects of your work Controlled some aspects of your work

Controlled few or no aspects of your work

e.g. Zoom, MS teams, personal website

Taxi or ride services      
Delivery of food or other goods      
Selling goods or advertising them for sale      
Cleaning or handiwork      
Pet or house sitting      
Child or elderly care      
Medical, mental health or other health care services      
Tutoring, teaching or training      
Programming, coding or data analysis      
Web, graphic design or video editing      
Text editing, proofreading or translation      
Data or text entry, transcription      
Tagging or rating pictures or videos      
Creating content such as videos, blogs or podcasts      
Professional services      
Other services      
Renting out a room, a house, or any accommodation      
Renting out a car, truck or van      
Renting out something else      

DPE_Q16 / EQ 13 - Did you work for income or profit using any of these Internet platforms or apps last week?

  1. Yes, that was your main job or business
  2. Yes, that was one of your other jobs or businesses
  3. Yes, but not as part of a job or business that was previously mentioned
  4. No

DPE_Q20 / Q14 - What is the main reason why you started working through an Internet platform or app?

  1. To supplement income from a main job or to earn extra money
  2. For flexible working hours
  3. Interested in the work
  4. Difficulty finding other work
  5. Limited work options due to immigration status
  6. Offers higher earnings than alternative jobs
  7. Other
    • Specify

Health Data Webinar Series

Unlock the full potential of Statistics Canada’s health data

The Health Statistics Program at Statistics Canada is pleased to introduce a new webinar series tailored for health data users. These 1-hour sessions held every 2–3 months, will be customized based on your feedback to reflect your needs and interests.

Upcoming Session

Date: November 21, 2025
French session: 11:00 a.m. (EST)
English session: 1:00 p.m. (EST)
Register now: Complete the registration form to secure your spot.

This first session in the series is designed to guide you through Statistics Canada’s rich and diverse collection of health data.

What You’ll Learn

  • Discover the broad range of health data sources, including:
    • Survey data
    • Administrative data
    • Biospecimen data
    • Linked data
  • Understand pathways to access data:
    • Open data portals
    • Secure environments
    • Custom data services
  • Learn about supports and enhancements to refine data for your research needs.

Presenters

  • Sylvain Tremblay, Director, Centre for Health Data Integration and Direct Measures (French session)
  • Steve Trites, Director, Centre for Population Health Data (English session)

Who Should Attend

Researchers, analysts, policymakers, and health professionals interested in leveraging Statistics Canada’s health data for research and decision-making.

For questions, contact: statcan.hspoutreach-sensibilisationpss.statcan@statcan.gc.ca

Survey on Health Care Access and Experiences – Primary, Emergency and Hospital Care (SHCAE-PEHC), 2026

Getting started

Why are we conducting this survey?

The Survey on Health Care Access and Experiences - Primary, Emergency and Hospital Care (SHCAE-PEHC) aims to better understand how Canadians navigate the health care system, including any challenges or barriers they may face. The survey covers various topics such as access to and experiences with primary health care, emergency room care, hospital care, unmet health care needs, prescription costs, and insurance coverage.

Survey results may help Health Canada, the Public Health Agency of Canada, and provincial ministries of health in making informed decisions about the delivery of health care services and in developing and improving health care programs and policies to better serve the Canadian population.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Although voluntary, your participation is important so that the information collected is as accurate and complete as possible.

Other important information

Authorization and confidentiality

Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19. Your information will be kept strictly confidential.

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the response burden, Statistics Canada will combine the information you provide with information from the tax data of all members of your household. Your provincial ministry of health and the Institut de la statistique du Québec for Quebec respondents may combine the information you provide with other survey or administrative data sources.

Statistics Canada may also combine the information you provide with other survey or administrative data sources.
Contact us if you have any questions or concerns about record linkage:

Email: infostats@statcan.gc.ca
Telephone: 1-877-949-9492

Mail:
Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of Director, Centre for Population Health Data
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0T6

Household composition

Including yourself, how many people usually live in your household?

  • Number of people

Including yourself, how many people [18] years of age or older usually live in your household?

  • Number of people

Including yourself, are any people in your household currently serving as a full-time member (Regular or Reserve Force) of the Canadian Armed Forces?

Include members of the Regular Officer's Training Program (ROTP).
Exclude part-time members of the Canadian Armed Forces and civilian employees working for the Department of National Defence.

  • Yes
  • No

Respondent selection

Provide your first and last name.

  • First name
  • Last name

Geographic region

To determine which geographic region you live in, please provide your postal code.

  • Postal code

In which province or territory do you currently live?

  • Province or territory
    • Alberta
    • British Columbia
    • Manitoba
    • New Brunswick
    • Newfoundland and Labrador
    • Northwest Territories
    • Nova Scotia
    • Nunavut
    • Ontario
    • Prince Edward Island
    • Quebec
    • Saskatchewan
    • Yukon
      OR
    • Outside of Canada

Occupancy

Is this dwelling owned by a member of this household?

Would you say:

  • Yes, owned, even if it is still being paid for
  • No, rented, even if no cash rent is paid

Age

What is your date of birth?

  • Year
  • Month
  • Day

What is your age?

  • Age in years

Sex and gender

The following questions are about sex at birth and gender.

What was your sex at birth?

Sex refers to sex assigned at birth.

  • Male
  • Female

What is your gender?

Gender refers to current gender which may be different from sex assigned at birth and may be different from what is indicated on legal documents.

  • Male
  • Female
  • Or please specify
    • Specify your gender

Main activity

The following question concerns your activities during the past 12 months.

During the past 12 months, was your main activity working at a job or business, looking for paid work, going to school, caring for children, household work, retired or something else?

If the main activity was "sickness" or "short-term illness", indicate the usual main activity.

  • Working at a job or business
  • Looking for paid work
  • Going to school
  • Caring for your children
  • Household work
  • Retired
  • Maternity, paternity or parental leave
  • Long term illness
  • Volunteering or care-giving other than for your children
  • Other
    • Specify the main activity

General health

The following questions are about health. By health, we mean not only the absence of disease or injury but also physical, mental and social well-being.

In general, how is your health?

Would you say:

  • Excellent
  • Very good
  • Good
  • Fair
  • Poor

In general, how is your mental health?

Would you say:

  • Excellent
  • Very good
  • Good
  • Fair
  • Poor

Thinking about the amount of stress in your life, how would you describe most of your days?

Would you say:

  • Not at all stressful
  • Not very stressful
  • A bit stressful
  • Quite a bit stressful
  • Extremely stressful

Life satisfaction

Using a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 means "Very dissatisfied" and 10 means "Very satisfied", how do you feel about your life as a whole right now?

  • 0 – Very dissatisfied
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8
  • 9
  • 10 – Very satisfied

Chronic conditions

Now a few questions about chronic pain. Chronic pain is defined as pain that persists or recurs for more than three months.

Do you live with chronic pain?

Include any pain that has persisted or has been recurring for at least three months, such as pain resulting from chronic migraine, cancer, arthritis, a surgery or injury, or another underlying disease or issue; or pain that has persisted or has been recurring for at least three months with no identifying causes.

  • Yes
  • No

Was this chronic pain diagnosed by a health professional?

  • Yes
  • No

The next question is about long-term mental health conditions, like depression, and neurodevelopmental conditions, like autism. These are conditions which are expected to last or have already lasted 6 months or more and that have been diagnosed by a health professional.

Have you been diagnosed by a health professional with any of the following long-term mental health or neurodevelopmental conditions?

Include only conditions you are currently experiencing that have lasted or are expected to last six months or more.

Select all that apply.

Do you have:

  • A mood disorder
    e.g., depression, bipolar disorder, mania or dysthymia
  • An anxiety disorder
    e.g., phobia, panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder
  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
  • A personality disorder
    e.g., borderline personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder
  • Schizophrenia or any other psychosis
  • Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
  • An eating disorder
    e.g., anorexia, bulimia or binge eating disorder
  • Attention deficit disorder (ADD) or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
  • Autism, also known as autism spectrum disorder, autistic disorder, Asperger's disorder or pervasive developmental disorder
  • Gambling disorder
  • A substance use disorder
    e.g., alcohol use disorder, cannabis dependence, opioid dependence
  • Other
    • Specify the type of condition
    OR
  • None of the above

The next question is about long-term health conditions. These are conditions which are expected to last or have already lasted 6 months or more and that have been diagnosed by a health professional.

Have you been diagnosed by a health professional with any of the following long-term health conditions?

Include only conditions that have lasted or are expected to last six months or more.

Select all that apply.

Do you have:

  • Cancer
  • Chronic blood disorder
    e.g., sickle cell anemia, hemophilia
  • Diabetes
    Include type 1, type 2, gestational or other types of diabetes. Select even if controlled by medication.
    Exclude prediabetes.
  • High blood cholesterol
    Select even if controlled by medication.
  • High blood pressure
    Select even if controlled by medication.
  • Heart disease
    e.g., angina, heart failure
  • Dementia
    e.g., Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia
  • Effects of a stroke
  • Neurological disorder
    e.g., amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or Lou Gehrig's disease, multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease, migraine
  • Fibromyalgia
  • Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)
    Include myalgic encephalomyelitis.
  • Eye disease
    e.g., glaucoma, cataracts, macular degeneration, retinopathy, blindness, strabismus
  • Ear disease
    e.g., hearing impairment, vestibulopathy
  • Asthma
  • Chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
  • Sleep apnea
  • Bowel disorder
    e.g., Crohn's disease, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
  • Liver disease
    e.g., chronic hepatitis
  • Osteoporosis
  • Arthritis
    e.g., osteoarthritis or arthrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, pseudogout
    Exclude fibromyalgia.
  • Back problems
    e.g., scoliosis, kyphosis, degenerative disk disease
  • Chronic kidney disease
    Exclude kidney stones or infection.
  • Dermatological conditions
    e.g., eczema, psoriasis
  • Celiac disease
  • Other
    • Specify the type of condition
    OR
  • None of the above

Disability

Do you identify as a person with a disability?

A person with a disability is a person who has a long-term difficulty or condition, such as vision, hearing, mobility, flexibility, dexterity, pain, learning, developmental, memory or mental health-related impairments, that limit their daily activities inside or outside the home such as at school, work, or in the community in general.

  • Yes
  • No

Primary health care

Now, here are some questions about primary health care. This type of health care is often delivered by family doctors or nurse practitioners.

Do you have a regular health care provider? By this, we mean a primary health care professional that you can consult with when you need care or advice for your health.

Select "Yes, another health professional" if you receive regular care from locums.

  • Yes, a family doctor
  • Yes, a nurse practitioner
  • Yes, another health professional
    • Specify the other health professional
  • No

When you consult with [this family doctor/this nurse practitioner/this other health professional], do you have to pay out-of-pocket for your consultation because they work in a private pay model?

Exclude any fees associated with medical notes for work or school, expedited blood work, prescription renewals, cosmetic procedures, travel medicine advice and vaccines, tests requested by employers or insurance companies and other services that are not covered by the universal health care system.

  • Yes
  • No
  • Don't know

Some patients receive primary health care from a team of health professionals working together to provide coordinated services and care. In addition to family doctors and nurses, these teams could include social workers, dieticians and pharmacists, but do not include medical specialists (e.g., cardiologists, oncologists).

Are you a patient of a team of health professionals that work together to provide you with coordinated services and care?

Exclude care provided by teams of medical specialists (e.g., cardiologists, oncologists).

Depending on where you live, these teams might be called a Family Health Team, Family Medicine Group, Integrated Care Network or Primary Care Network.

  • Yes
  • No
  • Don't know

Do you have to pay out-of-pocket for any of the services provided by the team of health professionals?

Exclude any fees associated with medical notes for work or school, expedited blood work, prescription renewals, cosmetic procedures, travel medicine advice and vaccines, tests requested by employers or insurance companies and other services that are not covered by the universal health care system.

  • Yes
  • No
  • Don't know

Why do you not have a regular health care provider?

Select all that apply.

Would you say:

  • Currently on a waitlist
  • Do not need one in particular
  • No one in the area is taking new patients
  • There are no health care providers in the area
  • You have not tried to find one
  • You had one who left, retired or changed practice
  • You moved to a new area
  • You aged out of paediatric care
    Paediatric care is health care for children and youth.
  • Other
    • Specify the other reason you do not have a regular health care provider

When you contact your [family doctor's/nurse practitioner's/other health professional's/team of health professionals'] office during regular practice hours with a medical concern or question, not related to appointments, how often do you get an answer from someone that same day?

This could be by phone, through email or electronically.

Include contacts for issues such as test results or questions about referrals.

Exclude contacts to book appointments.

  • Always
  • Often
  • Sometimes
  • Rarely
  • Never
  • Your [family doctor/nurse practitioner/other health professional/team of health professionals] does not answer questions without an appointment
  • Have not tried to contact your [family doctor/nurse practitioner/other health professional/team of health professionals] other than to make appointments

Are you able to get blood tests at your [family doctor's/nurse practitioner's/other health professional's/team of health professionals'] office?

Include situations where the tests are available in the same building.

  • Yes
  • No
  • Don't know

Do you usually speak in English, in French or in another language with your [family doctor/nurse practitioner/other health professional/team of health professionals]?

Exclude the use of translation or interpretation services.

Would you say:

  • English
  • French
  • English and French
  • English and another language
  • French and another language
  • Another language

Is this the language you would like to speak with your [family doctor/nurse practitioner/other health professional/team of health professionals]?

  • Yes
  • No

What language would you like to speak with your [family doctor/nurse practitioner/other health professional/team of health professionals]?

Would you say:

  • English
  • French
  • English and French
  • English and another language
  • French and another language
  • Another language

You said your regular health care provider is another health professional. Do you have a family doctor or nurse practitioner?

  • Yes, a family doctor
  • Yes, a nurse practitioner
  • No

Access to health care services

Now some questions about access to care at [your family doctor's office/your nurse practitioner's office/your other health professional's office/your team of health professionals' office/the nearest place for health care].

Does [your family doctor's office/your nurse practitioner's office/your other health professional's office/your team of health professionals' office/the nearest place for health care] offer care during the following times?

Include both in-person and virtual consultations such as over the telephone, by video, or written correspondence.

  1. During weekday evenings, e.g., 5:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m. Monday to Friday
    • Always
    • Often
    • Sometimes
    • Rarely
    • Never
    • Don't know
  2. On Saturdays
    • Always
    • Often
    • Sometimes
    • Rarely
    • Never
    • Don't know
  3. On Sundays
    • Always
    • Often
    • Sometimes
    • Rarely
    • Never
    • Don't know
  4. On holidays
    • Always
    • Often
    • Sometimes
    • Rarely
    • Never
    • Don't know

In the past 12 months, did you experience difficulties getting care from [your family doctor's office/your nurse practitioner's office/your other health professional's office/your team of health professionals' office/the nearest place for health care] during weekday evenings (for example, 5:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m. Monday to Friday)?

  • Yes
  • No
  • Did not need care during that time

What type of difficulties did you experience when getting care from [your family doctor's office/your nurse practitioner's office/your other health professional's office/your team of health professionals' office/the nearest place for health care] during weekday evenings?

Select all that apply.

  • Difficulty contacting [your family doctor's office/your nurse practitioner's office/your other health professional's office/your team of health professionals' office/the nearest place for health care]
  • Waited too long to speak to someone
  • Did not get adequate care
  • Difficulty getting an appointment
  • Care was not available at the time required
  • Care was not available in preferred mode
    e.g., in-person, virtually
  • Cost
    Exclude any fees associated with medical notes for work or school, expedited blood work, prescription renewals, cosmetic procedures, travel medicine advice and vaccines, tests requested by employers or insurance companies, and other services that are not covered by the universal health care system.
  • Language problem
  • Transportation problem
  • Care was not sensitive to my cultural background and identity
  • Care was not accessible
  • Other

In the past 12 months, did you experience difficulties getting care from [your family doctor's office/your nurse practitioner's office/your other health professional's office/your team of health professionals' office/the nearest place for health care] during weekends or holidays?

  • Yes
  • No
  • Did not need care during that time

What type of difficulties did you experience when getting care from [your family doctor's office/your nurse practitioner's office/your other health professional's office/your team of health professionals' office/the nearest place for health care] during weekends or holidays?

Select all that apply.

  • Difficulty contacting [your family doctor's office/your nurse practitioner's office/your other health professional's office/your team of health professionals' office/the nearest place for health care]
  • Waited too long to speak to someone
  • Did not get adequate care
  • Difficulty getting an appointment
  • Care was not available at the time required
  • Care was not available in preferred mode
    e.g., in-person, virtually
  • Cost
    Exclude any fees associated with medical notes for work or school, expedited blood work, prescription renewals, cosmetic procedures, travel medicine advice and vaccines, tests requested by employers or insurance companies, and other services that are not covered by the universal health care system.
  • Language problem
  • Transportation problem
  • Care was not sensitive to my cultural background and identity
  • Care was not accessible
  • Other

In the past 12 months, did you need any care during the middle of the night?

Include both in-person and virtual consultations such as over the telephone, by video, or written correspondence.

  • Yes
  • No

The last time you needed care during the middle of the night, where did you receive this care?

Include both in-person and virtual consultations such as over the telephone, by video, or written correspondence.

  • A hospital emergency room
  • A telephone health line
    e.g., Health Links, Health Connect Ontario, Health811, Health-Line, TeleCare, Info-Santé, 988
  • A virtual clinic, app or website
    Include private clinics.
  • An in-person office or clinic
    Include walk-in clinics and private clinics.
  • A community health centre [or CLSC]
  • An urgent care clinic
  • A nursing station
  • A hospital outpatient clinic
  • A pharmacy
    Exclude visits that did not involve a consultation.
  • Other
    • Specify the location
  • Did not receive care

In the past 12 months, did you experience difficulties getting care during the middle of the night?

  • Yes
  • No

What type of difficulties did you experience when getting care during the middle of the night?

Select all that apply.

  • Difficulty contacting [your family doctor's office/your nurse practitioner's office/your other health professional's office/your team of health professionals' office/the nearest place for health care]
  • Waited too long to speak to someone
  • Did not get adequate care
  • Difficulty getting an appointment
  • Care was not available at the time required
  • Care was not available in preferred mode
    e.g., in-person, virtually
  • Cost
    Exclude any fees associated with medical notes for work or school, expedited blood work, prescription renewals, cosmetic procedures, travel medicine advice and vaccines, tests requested by employers or insurance companies, and other services that are not covered by the universal health care system.
  • Language problem
  • Transportation problem
  • Care was not sensitive to my cultural background and identity
  • Care was not accessible
  • Other

Proximity

The following question will ask you about your proximity to [your family doctor's office/your nurse practitioner's office/your other health professional's office/your team of health professionals' office/the nearest place for health care].

How do you usually get to [your family doctor's office/your nurse practitioner's office/your other health professional's office/your team of health professionals' office/the nearest place for health care]?

Is it by:

  • A personal motor vehicle
    Include as a driver or passenger in your vehicle or one belonging to friends or family.
  • Taxi or similar paid services
  • Public transportation
    e.g., bus, subway or train
  • Accessible transit
    Include any accessible transportation service specifically designed for persons with disabilities or mobility issues, such as Para Transpo, Handi-Transit or Wheel-Trans.
  • Volunteer driver
    Include drivers from charities or non-profit agencies.
    Exclude rides from family or friends.
  • Cycling
  • Walking
  • Wheelchair or motorized cart
  • Other
  • Use virtual care only, no transportation required

On average, how much time do you spend travelling one way from your usual place of residence to [your family doctor's office/your nurse practitioner's office/your other health professional's office/your team of health professionals' office/the nearest place for health care]?

  • Less than 15 minutes
  • 15 minutes to less than 30 minutes
  • 30 minutes to less than 1 hour
  • 1 hour to less than 2 hours
  • 2 hours or more

Primary health care use

The following questions are about non-urgent primary health care needs that you may have had in the past 12 months.

Primary health care is often the first point of entry to the Canadian health care system. It incorporates routine care, diagnosis, treatment and management of health problems, as well as health promotion and disease prevention.

In the past 12 months, did you consult a health care provider for a non-urgent primary health care need?

Non-urgent primary health care needs can include routine care such as check-ups and prescription refills as well as issues that need immediate care but are not emergencies, such as an infection, fever, headache, a sprained ankle, vomiting or problems with emotions, mental health or substance use.

Include both in-person and virtual consultations such as over the telephone, by video, or written correspondence.

Include consultations with pharmacists only if they were covered by your provincial health plan e.g., for vaccinations or the diagnosis of an illness'.

Exclude care provided by optometrists or dentists.

  • Yes
  • No

The next few questions are about the most recent time you consulted a health care provider for a non-urgent primary health care need in the past 12 months.

Thinking about the most recent time you needed non-urgent primary health care, did you consult your own [family doctor/nurse practitioner/other health professional/team of health professionals], or someone else?

Non-urgent primary health care needs can include routine care such as check-ups and prescription refills as well as issues that need immediate care but are not emergencies, such as an infection, fever, headache, a sprained ankle, vomiting or problems with emotions, mental health or substance use.

Include both in-person and virtual consultations such as over the telephone, by video, or written correspondence.

  • Your own [family doctor/nurse practitioner/other health professional/team of health professionals]
  • Someone else

The next few questions are about the most recent time you consulted a health care provider for a non-urgent primary health care need in the past 12 months.

Thinking about the most recent time you needed non-urgent primary health care, which of the following health care providers did you consult?

Include both in-person and virtual consultations such as over the telephone, by video, or written correspondence.

Was it a:

  • Family doctor or general practitioner
  • Nurse practitioner
    Nurse practitioners are registered nurses with additional training. They can order tests, prescribe medications, and refer to specialists. They can also diagnose and help prevent and manage new illness and chronic disease.
  • Medical specialist
    A medical specialist is a medical doctor certified to practice in a specified field.
    e.g., dermatologist, cardiologist, oncologist, radiologist, psychiatrist, gynecologist
    Exclude optometrists, dentists, pharmacists, family doctors and
    general practitioners.
  • Other health professional
    e.g., physiotherapist, psychologist, dietitian, pharmacist, social worker
  • Don't know

Where was [this family doctor or general practitioner/this nurse practitioner/this medical specialist/this other health professional/this health care provider] from?

Was it:

  • The same office as your [family doctor/nurse practitioner/other health professional/team of health professionals]
  • A different medical office or clinic

What type of consultation did you have with [your family doctor or general practitioner/your nurse practitioner/your other health professional/your team of health professionals/this family doctor or general practitioner/this nurse practitioner/this medical specialist/this health professional/this health care provider]?

Was it:

  • In-person
  • Over the telephone (voice only)
  • Video on a phone, tablet or computer
  • Written correspondence
    e.g., email, text or instant messaging

How did you consult [your family doctor or general practitioner/your nurse practitioner/your other health professional/your team of health professionals/this family doctor or general practitioner/this nurse practitioner/this medical specialist/this health professional/this health care provider]?

Was it:

  • A clinic, app, or website
    Include private clinics.
  • A telephone health line
    e.g., Health Links, Health Connect Ontario, Health811, Health-Line, TeleCare, Info-Santé, 988
  • A pharmacy
    Include pharmacist consultations only if they were covered by your provincial health plan e.g., for vaccinations or the diagnosis of an illness.
  • Other
    • Specify the type of place
  • Don't know

Still thinking of this most recent time, where did this consultation take place?

Was it:

  • An office or clinic
    Include walk-in clinics and private clinics.
  • A community health centre [or CLSC]
  • An urgent care clinic
  • A nursing station
  • A hospital outpatient clinic
  • A hospital emergency room
  • A pharmacy
    Include pharmacist consultations only if they were covered by your provincial health plan e.g., for vaccinations or the diagnosis of an illness.
    Exclude visits that did not involve a consultation.
  • Other
    • Specify the type of place

Thinking about this most recent time, what was the purpose of this visit?

Select all that apply.

Was it:

  • Consultation or treatment of a new health concern, illness or injury
    e.g., an infection, sprained ankle, flu or problems with emotions, mental health or substance use
    Was this:
    Select all that apply.
    • A mental health condition
    • A physical health condition
  • Consultation or treatment of a chronic condition
    A chronic condition usually develops slowly and has lasted or is expected to last six months or more.
    Was this:
    Select all that apply.
    • A chronic mental health condition
    • A chronic physical health condition
  • Medication or prescription refill
    Was this:
    Select all that apply.
    • A mental health condition
    • A physical health condition
  • Discuss the results of or request a medical test
    e.g., blood tests, x-rays, ultrasounds, MRIs
  • A regular check-up or routine appointment
    Include pre-natal care and follow-ups from previous consultations.
  • Referral to a specialist or other health professional
    Was this:
    Select all that apply.
    • A mental health condition
    • A physical health condition
  • Other
    • Specify the purpose

How long did you have to wait between the time you requested care and when you consulted [your family doctor or general practitioner/your nurse practitioner/your other health professional/your team of health professionals/this family doctor or general practitioner/this nurse practitioner/this medical specialist/this health professional/this health care provider]?

Would you say:

  • The same day
  • The next day
  • 2 to 3 days
  • 4 to 6 days
  • 1 week to less than 2 weeks
  • 2 weeks to less than 1 month
  • 1 month to less than 3 months
  • 3 months to less than 6 months
  • 6 months or more

How satisfied were you with the wait time?

Would you say:

  • Very satisfied
  • Satisfied
  • Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
  • Dissatisfied
  • Very dissatisfied

Was your life affected in any of the following ways as a result of waiting to consult [your family doctor or general practitioner/your nurse practitioner/your other health professional/your team of health professionals/this family doctor or general practitioner/this nurse practitioner/this medical specialist/this health professional/this health care provider]?

Select all that apply.

  • Worry, anxiety, stress
  • Pain
  • Problems with activities of daily living
    e.g., dressing, driving, preparing meals
  • Missed work or school
  • Loss of income
  • Increased dependence on family or friends
  • Increased use of over-the-counter drugs
  • Overall health deteriorated or condition got worse
  • Personal relationships suffered
  • Health problem improved
  • Other
    • Specify other way your life was affected
    OR
  • Life was not affected as a result of the wait

Patient experience with primary care

Still thinking about this most recent time you consulted [your family doctor or general practitioner/your nurse practitioner/your other health professional/your team of health professionals/this family doctor or general practitioner/this nurse practitioner/this medical specialist/this health professional/this health care provider] for a non-urgent primary health care need, please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with each statement.

  1. [Your family doctor or general practitioner/Your nurse practitioner/Your other health professional/Your team of health professionals/This family doctor or general practitioner/This nurse practitioner/This medical specialist/This health professional/This health care provider] treated you with courtesy and respect
    • Strongly agree
    • Somewhat agree
    • Neither agree nor disagree
    • Somewhat disagree
    • Strongly disagree
  2. [Your family doctor or general practitioner/Your nurse practitioner/Your other health professional/Your team of health professionals/This family doctor or general practitioner/This nurse practitioner/This medical specialist/This health professional/This health care provider] spent enough time with you
    • Strongly agree
    • Somewhat agree
    • Neither agree nor disagree
    • Somewhat disagree
    • Strongly disagree
  3. [Your family doctor or general practitioner/Your nurse practitioner/Your other health professional/Your team of health professionals/This family doctor or general practitioner/This nurse practitioner/This medical specialist/This health professional/This health care provider] explained things in a way that was easy to understand
    • Strongly agree
    • Somewhat agree
    • Neither agree nor disagree
    • Somewhat disagree
    • Strongly disagree
  4. [Your family doctor or general practitioner/Your nurse practitioner/Your other health professional/Your team of health professionals/This family doctor or general practitioner/This nurse practitioner/This medical specialist/This health professional/This health care provider] involved you in care and treatment decisions
    • Strongly agree
    • Somewhat agree
    • Neither agree nor disagree
    • Somewhat disagree
    • Strongly disagree
  5. [Your family doctor or general practitioner/Your nurse practitioner/Your other health professional/Your team of health professionals/This family doctor or general practitioner/This nurse practitioner/This medical specialist/This health professional/This health care provider] listened carefully to you
    • Strongly agree
    • Somewhat agree
    • Neither agree nor disagree
    • Somewhat disagree
    • Strongly disagree
  6. [Your family doctor or general practitioner/Your nurse practitioner/Your other health professional/Your team of health professionals/This family doctor or general practitioner/This nurse practitioner/This medical specialist/This health professional/This health care provider] gave you an opportunity to ask questions or raise concerns about your care or recommended treatment
    • Strongly agree
    • Somewhat agree
    • Neither agree nor disagree
    • Somewhat disagree
    • Strongly disagree
  7. [Your family doctor or general practitioner/Your nurse practitioner/Your other health professional/Your team of health professionals/This family doctor or general practitioner/This nurse practitioner/This medical specialist/This health professional/This health care provider] took into consideration your needs and personal situation
    • Strongly agree
    • Somewhat agree
    • Neither agree nor disagree
    • Somewhat disagree
    • Strongly disagree
  8. [Your family doctor or general practitioner/Your nurse practitioner/Your other health professional/Your team of health professionals/This family doctor or general practitioner/This nurse practitioner/This medical specialist/This health professional/This health care provider] had all medical information they needed about you
    • Strongly agree
    • Somewhat agree
    • Neither agree nor disagree
    • Somewhat disagree
    • Strongly disagree

Still thinking about this most recent time, did someone from [your family doctor or general practitioner's/your nurse practitioner's/your other health professional's/your team of health professionals'/this family doctor or general practitioner's/this nurse practitioner's/this medical specialist's/this health professional's/this health care provider's] office follow up with you regarding test results?

  • Yes
  • No
  • There were no tests requested

Still thinking about this most recent time, indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statement.

I received health care that was sensitive to my cultural background and identity from [my family doctor or general practitioner/my nurse practitioner/my other health professional/my team of health professionals/this family doctor or general practitioner/this nurse practitioner/this medical specialist/this health professional/this health care provider].

This is health care that makes the patient feel they are respected, safe and can trust the health care provider.

Include how you were treated based on age, sex, gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, Indigenous identity, race, language, accent, religion or spirituality, disability, or other factors.

Would you say:

  • Strongly agree
  • Agree
  • Neither agree nor disagree
  • Disagree
    For which reasons do you feel you did not receive health care that was sensitive to your cultural background and identity?
    Would you say:
    Select all that apply.
    • Your ethnicity or culture
    • Your Indigenous identity
    • Your race or skin colour
    • Your language
    • Your accent
    • Your religion or spirituality
    • Your age
    • Your sex
      Refers to sex assigned at birth.
    • Your gender
      Refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman, or non-binary person.
    • Your sexual orientation
      Refers to how a person describes their sexuality.
    • A disability
    • Other
      • Specify the other reason you disagree
      OR
    • Don't know
  • Strongly disagree
    For which reasons do you feel you did not receive health care that was sensitive to your cultural background and identity?
    Would you say:
    Select all that apply.
    • Your ethnicity or culture
    • Your Indigenous identity
    • Your race or skin colour
    • Your language
    • Your accent
    • Your religion or spirituality
    • Your age
    • Your sex
      Refers to sex assigned at birth.
    • Your gender
      Refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman, or non-binary person.
    • Your sexual orientation
    • Refers to how a person describes their sexuality.
    • A disability
    • Other
      • Specify the other reason you strongly disagree
      OR
    • Don't know

Overall, how would you rate the quality of this consultation?

  • Excellent
  • Very good
  • Good
  • Fair
  • Poor

Primary health care - difficulties in the past 12 months

The next questions are about your experiences and difficulties accessing the non-urgent primary health care you needed in the past 12 months.

In the past 12 months, how many times have you consulted a health care provider for a non-urgent primary health care need?

Non-urgent primary health care needs can include routine care such as check-ups and prescription refills as well as issues that need immediate care but are not emergencies, such as an infection, fever, headache, a sprained ankle, vomiting or problems with emotions, mental health or substance use.

Include both in-person and virtual consultations such as over the telephone, by video, or written correspondence.

Exclude consultations with optometrists or dentists.

  • Never
  • Once
  • 2 to 4 times
  • 5 to 9 times
  • 10 or more times

During the past 12 months, did you have a need for non-urgent primary health care?

  • Yes
  • No

In the past 12 months, did you experience any of the following difficulties getting the non-urgent primary health care you needed?

Primary health care is often the first point of entry to the Canadian health care system. It incorporates routine care, diagnosis, treatment and management of health problems, as well as health promotion and disease prevention.

Select all that apply.

  • Appointment cancelled or deferred by health care provider
  • Difficulty getting an appointment
  • Waited too long between booking appointment and visit
  • Did not get adequate information or advice
  • Overall health deteriorated or condition got worse
  • Lack of First Nations, Métis or Inuit traditional medicines, healing or wellness practices
  • Lack of availability of culturally appropriate health services
  • Service not available in the official language of your choice
  • Service not available at time required
  • Service not available in the area
  • Service not available in preferred mode
    e.g., in-person, virtually
  • Difficulties related to virtual care technology
    e.g., not comfortable with technology, connectivity issues, no access to required tools
  • Other
    • Specify the type of difficulty
    OR
  • Did not experience any difficulties getting non-urgent primary health care

In the past 12 months, did you do any of the following because of difficulties getting the non-urgent primary health care you needed?

Select all that apply.

Did you:

  • Seek medical care from a different health professional or location
    Include care from public or private providers located in your province, outside of your province or outside of Canada.
    What type of place was this?
    Select all that apply.
    • An in-person office or clinic other than your regular provider's office
      Include walk-in clinics and private clinics.
    • A virtual clinic, app, or website
      Include private clinics.
    • A community health centre [or CLSC]
    • An urgent care clinic
    • A nursing station
    • A hospital outpatient clinic
    • A hospital emergency room
    • A consultation with a pharmacist
    • A telephone health line
      e.g., Health Links, Health Connect Ontario, Health811, Health-Line, TeleCare, Info-Santé, 988
    • Ambulance or paramedic services
    • Other
      • Specify the type of place
  • Increase the use of over-the-counter drugs
  • Modify or extend existing medications while waiting for care
  • Increase the use of alcohol, cannabis or drugs
  • Use traditional medicines
  • Seek medical information through the Internet
  • Seek advice or care from family or friends
  • Other
    • Specify the action taken
    OR
  • None of the above

Did you have to pay out-of-pocket for the non-urgent primary health care you sought elsewhere?

Exclude any fees associated with medical notes for work or school, expedited blood work, prescription renewals, cosmetic procedures, travel medicine advice and vaccines, tests requested by employers or insurance companies, and other services that are not covered by the universal health care system.

  • Yes
  • No

Emergency health care use

The next questions are about your use and experience of emergency departments for your own health.

Is there a hospital emergency room in your community?

  • Yes
  • No

In the past 12 months, how many times have you visited a hospital emergency room about your own health? If you do not remember, give your best estimate.

Number of emergency room visits

The next few questions are about the most recent time you visited a hospital emergency room about your own health in the past 12 months.

In the past 12 months, [when you went to the emergency room about your own health/thinking of the most recent time you went to the emergency room about your own health], what was the main reason for the visit?

  • An accident or injury
    Include head injuries, broken bones, cuts, or sprains.
  • Abdominal or pelvic pain
  • Back pain
  • A heart problem
    e.g., chest pains, heart attack, heart failure
  • A stroke
  • A respiratory problem or infection
    e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic bronchitis, pneumonia
  • A urinary or kidney condition or infection
  • A condition related to the digestive system
  • A gynecological condition
  • A neurological condition
  • Suicidal thoughts or attempt
  • Substance use or overdose
  • Another mental health condition
  • Other
    • Specify the reason

[When you went to the emergency room about your own health/Thinking of the most recent time you went to the emergency room about your own health], was it for a condition that you thought could have been treated at [your family doctor's office/your nurse practitioner's office/your other health professional's office/your team of health professionals' office/the nearest place for health care]?

  • Yes
  • No

Was this visit to the emergency room caused by a condition that worsened because you did not receive regular care from a health professional?

  • Yes
  • No

Still thinking of this most recent time, do you think the visit to the emergency room could have been avoided had you had access to social support and services provided in the community?

Social support and services may include housing support, home care, counselling or therapy, or physiotherapy.

  • Yes
  • No

Before going to the emergency room, did you try to seek medical care from any of the following?

Select all that apply.

  • [Your family doctor's office/Your nurse practitioner's office/Your other health professional's office/Your team of health professionals' office/The nearest place for health care]
  • A telephone health line
    e.g., Health Links, Health Connect Ontario, Health811, Health-Line, TeleCare, Info-Santé, 988
  • A virtual clinic, app or website
    Include private clinics.
  • An in-person office or clinic
    Include walk-in clinics and private clinics.
  • A community health centre [or CLSC]
  • An urgent care clinic
  • A nursing station
  • A hospital outpatient clinic
  • A pharmacy
    Exclude visits that did not involve a consultation.
  • Other
    • Specify where you sought care
    OR
  • Did not try to seek medical care from another source

Still thinking of this most recent time, what was the main reason you decided to visit the emergency room instead of seeking care from another health care service provider, e.g., [your family doctor’s office/your nurse practitioner’s office/your other health professional’s office/your team of health professionals’ office/the nearest place for health care] or a walk-in clinic?

  • You needed immediate care
  • You felt you would get care faster
  • A health care provider told you to go to the emergency room
  • There was nowhere else to go
    e.g., health care provider's office or clinic was closed
  • Other

How did you get to the emergency room?

  • Ambulance
  • A personal motor vehicle
    Include as a driver or passenger in your vehicle or one belonging to friends or family.
  • Taxi or similar paid services
  • Public transportation
    e.g., bus, subway or train
  • Accessible transit
    Include any accessible transportation service specifically designed for persons with disabilities or mobility issues, such as Para Transpo, Handi-Transit or Wheel-Trans.
  • Volunteer driver
    Include drivers from charities or non-profit agencies.
    Exclude rides from family or friends.
  • Cycling
  • Walking
  • Wheelchair or motorized cart
  • Other

Still thinking of this most recent time, how much time did you spend travelling one way to the emergency room?

  • Less than 15 minutes
  • 15 minutes to less than 30 minutes
  • 30 minutes to less than 1 hour
  • 1 hour to less than 2 hours
  • 2 hours or more

What was the main reason you used ambulance services?

  • It was an emergency
  • It was not an emergency but could not get to the hospital by yourself
  • It was not an emergency but thought that the wait time would be shorter in the emergency room
  • Other

Still thinking of this most recent time, overall, how satisfied were you with the time you waited for the ambulance to arrive?

Would you say:

  • Very satisfied
  • Satisfied
  • Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
  • Dissatisfied
  • Very dissatisfied

How long did you have to wait with the paramedics before you were admitted to the emergency room?

  • Less than 30 minutes
  • 30 minutes to less than 1 hour
  • 1 hour to less than 2 hours
  • 2 hours to less than 4 hours
  • 4 hours to less than 8 hours
  • 8 hours or more
  • Don't know

Still thinking of this most recent time, how much time passed between when you were registered at the emergency room and when the emergency room visit ended?

A visit may end with leaving the emergency room, being admitted to the hospital, or transferring to another facility.

  • Less than 30 minutes
  • 30 minutes to less than 1 hour
  • 1 hour to less than 2 hours
  • 2 hours to less than 4 hours
  • 4 hours to less than 8 hours
  • 8 hours or more
  • Don't know

What happened at the end of this emergency room visit?

  • You were admitted to the hospital
  • You were transferred to a different hospital or health care facility
  • You were discharged
  • You decided to leave before consulting a health care provider
  • Other
    • Specify what happened

Still thinking of this most recent time, before you left the emergency room, did a health care provider review with you all your prescribed medications, including those you were taking before your emergency room visit?

  • Yes
  • No
  • Did not take any medications

Before you left the emergency room, did a doctor, nurse or other health care provider talk with you about follow-up care?

  • Yes
  • No
  • Did not need follow-up care

Still thinking of this most recent time, before you left the emergency room, did you receive information on what symptoms to watch for after leaving the emergency room?

Select all that apply.

  • Yes, written information
    e.g., on paper or in a pamphlet
  • Yes, electronic or digital information
    e.g., by e-mail or a link to a website
  • Yes, verbal information
    OR
  • No information provided

In the past 12 months, did you ever go to the emergency room and find that it was closed?

  • Yes
    What did you do?
    Select all that apply.
    • Went to an emergency room at a different hospital
    • Went to [your family doctor's office/your nurse practitioner's office/your other health professional's office/your team of health professionals' office/the nearest place for health care]
    • Went to an in-person office or clinic other than [your family doctor's office/your nurse practitioner's office/your other health professional's office/your team of health professionals' office/the nearest place for health care]
      Include walk-in clinics and private clinics.
    • Went to an urgent care clinic
    • Went to a nursing station
    • Went to a hospital outpatient clinic
    • Went to a community health centre [or CLSC]
    • Went to a pharmacy
      Exclude visits that did not involve a consultation.
    • Accessed a virtual clinic, app or website
      Include private clinics.
    • Called a telephone health line
      e.g., Health Links, Health Connect Ontario, Health811, Health-Line, TeleCare, Info-Santé, 988
    • Other
      OR
    • Did not get care elsewhere
  • No

Patient experience with emergency care

Thinking about the most recent time you went to the hospital emergency room, please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with each statement.

Include all staff that you interacted with during your visit, e.g., doctors, nurses, pharmacists, orderlies, technicians and social workers.

  1. The emergency room staff treated you with courtesy and respect
    • Strongly agree
    • Somewhat agree
    • Neither agree nor disagree
    • Somewhat disagree
    • Strongly disagree
  2. The emergency room staff spent enough time with you
    • Strongly agree
    • Somewhat agree
    • Neither agree nor disagree
    • Somewhat disagree
    • Strongly disagree
  3. The emergency room staff explained things in a way that was easy to understand
    • Strongly agree
    • Somewhat agree
    • Neither agree nor disagree
    • Somewhat disagree
    • Strongly disagree
  4. The emergency room staff involved you in care and treatment decisions
    • Strongly agree
    • Somewhat agree
    • Neither agree nor disagree
    • Somewhat disagree
    • Strongly disagree
  5. The emergency room staff listened carefully to you
    • Strongly agree
    • Somewhat agree
    • Neither agree nor disagree
    • Somewhat disagree
    • Strongly disagree
  6. The emergency room staff gave you an opportunity to ask questions or raise concerns about your care or recommended treatment
    • Strongly agree
    • Somewhat agree
    • Neither agree nor disagree
    • Somewhat disagree
    • Strongly disagree
  7. The emergency room staff took into consideration your needs and  personal situation
    • Strongly agree
    • Somewhat agree
    • Neither agree nor disagree
    • Somewhat disagree
    • Strongly disagree

Overall, how satisfied were you with the care you received during this emergency room visit?

Would you say:

  • Very satisfied
  • Satisfied
  • Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
  • Dissatisfied
  • Very dissatisfied

Overall, how would you rate the quality of this emergency room visit?

  • Excellent
  • Very good
  • Good
  • Fair
  • Poor

Hospital stays

Now some questions about overnight stays in the hospital.

In the past 12 months, have you been admitted for at least one night in a hospital?

Exclude hospital visits that only took place in the emergency department, a rehabilitation centre, or care such as day surgeries or chemotherapy.

  • Yes
  • No

The next few questions are about the most recent time you were admitted as an overnight patient at a hospital in the past 12 months.

Thinking of the most recent time, how many nights did you spend in the hospital?

Exclude nights spent in the emergency department or rehabilitation centres.
If exact number of nights is not known, enter best estimate.

Number of nights

The most recent time you were admitted to the hospital as an overnight patient, were you admitted from the emergency room?

  • Yes
  • No

The most recent time you were admitted to the hospital as an overnight patient, what was the main reason for this hospitalization?

  • [Giving birth]
  • An accident or injury
  • Joint issues
    e.g., knee or hip problems
  • Cancer
  • A heart issue or condition
    e.g., chest pains, heart attack, heart failure
  • A stroke
  • A respiratory condition
    e.g., COPD, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia
  • A urinary or kidney condition
  • A condition related to the digestive system
  • [A gynecological condition]
  • A neurological condition
  • Suicidal thoughts or attempt
  • Substance use or overdose
  • Other mental health condition
  • Other
    • Specify the reason for the hospitalization

Was this overnight hospital stay related to the emergency room visit you reported earlier?

  • Yes
  • No

Did you have surgery during this hospital stay?

  • Yes
  • No

Thinking of the most recent time you were admitted to the hospital as an overnight patient, did a health care provider review all of your prescription medications with you before you left the hospital, including those you were taking before your hospitalization?

  • Yes
  • No

Thinking of the most recent time you were admitted to the hospital as an overnight patient, did a health care provider talk to you about follow-up care before you left the hospital?

  • Yes
  • No

Thinking of the most recent time you were admitted as an overnight patient, did you receive information on what symptoms or health problems to watch for when you left the hospital?

Select all that apply.

  • Yes, written information
    e.g., on paper or in a pamphlet
  • Yes, electronic or digital information
    e.g., by e-mail or a link to a website
  • Yes, verbal information
    OR
  • No instructions provided

Did a health care provider discuss or recommend any of the following to help you manage your condition after you left the hospital?

Include all recommendations discussed even if you did not receive them.

Select all that apply.

  • Medications
    Include prescriptions, medications and over-the-counter drugs.
  • Home care services
  • Mental health services
  • Rehabilitation therapy
    e.g., physiotherapy, occupational, speech or massage therapy
  • Medical supplies or equipment
    e.g., ostomy supplies, catheters, needles, CPAP machine
  • Mobility aids
    e.g., wheelchair, cane, or walker
  • Adaptive equipment
    e.g., shower chair, grabber, or sock aid
  • Other
    OR
  • None of the above

After you left the hospital, which of the following items recommended to you by a health care provider did you receive to help you manage your condition?

Select all that apply.

  • Medications
    Include prescriptions, medications and over-the-counter drugs.
  • Home care services
  • Mental health services
  • Rehabilitation therapy
    e.g., physiotherapy, occupational, speech or massage therapy
  • Medical supplies or equipment
    e.g., ostomy supplies, catheters, needles, CPAP machine
  • Mobility aids
    e.g., wheelchair, cane, or walker
  • Adaptive equipment
    e.g., shower chair, grabber, or sock aid
  • Other
    OR
  • None of the above

Other than what was recommended to you before you left the hospital, did you request any services or equipment to help manage your health condition at home?

e.g., home care services, grab bars or a walker

  • Yes
  • No

Did you receive any of the services or equipment that you requested?

  • Yes
  • No

Health care barriers

The next question is about your experiences during consultations with health professionals.

In the past 12 months, did you feel that you were discriminated against in a health care setting for any of the following reasons?

Select all that apply.

  • Your Indigenous identity
  • Your race, ethnicity or culture
  • Your gender
  • Your age
  • Your weight
  • Your religion
  • Your language
  • Your sexual orientation
  • A physical disability
  • Something else related to your physical appearance
    Include discrimination on the basis of hair style or colour, clothing, jewelry, tattoos and other physical characteristics.
    Exclude discrimination on the basis of skin colour or weight.
  • Your socioeconomic status
  • A mental health condition
    e.g., depression, anxiety disorder, substance use
  • Your lifestyle
    Include smoking, vaping, drug use, alcohol or cannabis consumption, sedentary activity.
  • Your beliefs
  • Other
    • Specify the reason
    OR
  • Did not experience any of the above

Unmet health care needs

The next questions are about your experiences with unmet health care needs.

During the past 12 months, was there ever a time when you felt that you needed health care, but you did not receive it?

  • Yes
  • No

During the past 12 months, what type of care did you need but not receive?

Select all that apply.

Was it:

  • Consultation or treatment of a new health concern, illness or injury
    e.g., an infection, sprained ankle, flu or problems with emotions, mental health or substance use
    Was this:
    Select all that apply.
    • A mental health condition
    • A physical health condition
  • Consultation or treatment of a chronic condition
    A chronic condition usually develops slowly and has lasted or is expected to last six months or more.
    Was this:
    Select all that apply.
    • A chronic mental health condition
    • A chronic physical health condition
  • Medication or prescription refill
    Was this:
    Select all that apply.
    • A mental health condition
    • A physical health condition
  • Discuss the results of or request a medical test
    e.g., blood tests, x-rays, ultrasounds, MRIs
  • A regular check-up or routine appointment
    Include pre-natal care and follow-ups from previous consultations.
  • Referral to a specialist or other health professional
    Was this:
    Select all that apply.
    • A mental health condition
    • A physical health condition
  • Dental care or oral health care
    Exclude braces or other orthodontic treatment.
  • Other
    • Specify the other type of care needed but not received

What are the reasons why you didn't get the care you needed during the past 12 months?

Select all that apply.

Was it because:

  • Care not available in the area
  • Care not available at the time required
    e.g., doctor busy, away from office or no longer at that practice, inconvenient hours
  • Do not have a regular health care provider
  • Waiting time too long
  • Appointment was cancelled
  • Felt would receive inadequate care
  • Felt would experience discrimination
  • Cost
  • Language problem
  • Decided not to seek care
  • Doctor didn't think it was necessary
  • Transportation problem
  • Did not know where to seek care
  • Other
    • Specify the reason

For what reason did you feel you would experience discrimination?

Select all that apply.

Would you say:

  • Your Indigenous identity
  • Your race, ethnicity or culture
  • Your gender
  • Your age
  • Your weight
  • Your religion
  • Your language
  • Your sexual orientation
  • A physical disability
  • Something else related to your physical appearance
    Include discrimination on the basis of hair style or colour, clothing, jewelry, tattoos and other physical characteristics.
    Exclude discrimination on the basis of skin colour or weight.
  • Your socioeconomic status
  • A mental health condition
    e.g., depression, anxiety disorder, substance use
  • Your lifestyle
    Include smoking, vaping, drug use, alcohol or cannabis consumption, sedentary activity.
  • Your beliefs
  • Other
    • Specify the reason

Prescription cost

In the past 12 months, did you have any prescriptions for medication?

Include any medications that were prescribed to you even if you did not fill them.

  • Yes
  • No

In the past 12 months, did you do any of the following because of the cost of your prescription medication?

Select all that apply.

  • Not fill or collect a prescription medication
  • Skip doses of your medication
  • Reduce the dosage of your medication
  • Delay filling a prescription
    OR
  • None of the above

Insurance coverage

The next question is about your access to health insurance.

Do you have insurance that covers all or part of the cost of your prescription medications?

Include coverage from your own plan or someone else's.

e.g., private, government, Non-Insured Health Benefits (NIHB), employer-paid plans

  • Yes
    Is it :
    Select all that apply.
    • A government-sponsored plan
    • An employer-sponsored benefit plan
    • A plan sponsored through an association such as a union, trade association or student organization
    • Other, such as your own private plan purchased from an insurance company
  • No
  • Don't know

Out-of-pocket expenses

The next few questions are about any out-of-pocket or direct expenses you may have had because of your health care needs.

In the past 12 months, what was the approximate non-reimbursable out-of-pocket cost for your prescription medications?

Exclude amounts for which you have been or will be reimbursed by any insurance or government program.

  • $0
  • $1 to $49
  • $50 to $99
  • $100 to $249
  • $250 to $499
  • $500 to $749
  • $750 to $999
  • $1,000 to $4,999
  • $5,000 to $9,999
  • $10,000 or more
  • Don't know

In the past 12 months, did you have any non-reimbursable out-of-pocket costs for any of the following services?

Include both in-person and virtual consultations such as over the telephone, by video or written correspondence.

Select all that apply.

  • Eye care
  • Dental care
  • Home care
  • Mental health services
  • Rehabilitation therapy
    e.g., physiotherapy, occupational, speech or massage therapy
  • Diagnostic services
    e.g., MRI
  • Surgical services
  • Medical supplies
    e.g., ostomy supplies, catheters, needles, CPAP machine, diabetes supplies
  • Mobility aids
    e.g., wheelchair, cane or walker
  • Adaptive equipment
    e.g., shower chair, grabber or sock aid
    OR
  • None of the above

Indigenous identity

Are you First Nations, Métis or Inuk (Inuit)?

First Nations (North American Indian) includes Status and Non-Status Indians.
If "Yes", select the responses that best describe this person now.

  • No, not First Nations, Métis or Inuk (Inuit)
    OR
  • Yes, First Nations (North American Indian)
  • Yes, Métis
  • Yes, Inuk (Inuit)

Sociodemographic characteristics

The following question collects information in accordance with the Employment Equity Act and its Regulations and Guidelines to support programs that promote equal opportunity for everyone to share in the social, cultural, and economic life of Canada.

Select all that apply.

Are you:

  • White
  • South Asian
    e.g., East Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan
  • Chinese
  • Black
  • Filipino
  • Arab
  • Latin American
  • Southeast Asian
    e.g., Vietnamese, Cambodian, Laotian, Thai
  • West Asian
    e.g., Iranian, Afghan
  • Korean
  • Japanese
  • Other
    • Specify other group

Place of birth, immigration and citizenship

Where were you born?

Specify place of birth according to present boundaries.

  • Born in Canada
  • Born outside Canada

Are you a Canadian citizen?

  • Yes, a Canadian citizen by birth
  • Yes, a Canadian citizen by naturalization
  • Canadian citizen by naturalization refers to an immigrant who was granted Citizenship of Canada under the Citizenship Act.
  • No, not a Canadian citizen

Are you a landed immigrant or permanent resident?

A landed immigrant or permanent resident is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

  • No
  • Yes

In what year did you first become a landed immigrant or a permanent resident?

If exact year is not known, enter best estimate.

  • Year of immigration

Language

Can you speak English or French well enough to conduct a conversation?

  • English only
  • French only
  • Both English and French
  • Neither English nor French

What language do you speak most often at home?

  • English
  • French
  • Other
    • Specify other language

What is the language that you first learned at home in childhood and still understand?

If you no longer understand the first language learned, indicate the second language learned. 

  • English
  • French
  • Other
    • Specify other language

Sexual orientation

What is your sexual orientation?

Sexual orientation refers to how a person describes their sexuality.

  • Heterosexual (i.e., straight)
  • Lesbian or gay
  • Bisexual or pansexual
  • Or please specify
    • Specify your sexual orientation

Education

What is the highest certificate, diploma or degree that you have completed?

  • Less than high school diploma or its equivalent
  • High school diploma or a high school equivalency certificate
  • Trades certificate or diploma
  • College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma (other than trades certificates or diplomas)
  • University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level
  • Bachelor's degree
    e.g., B.A., B.A. (Hons), B.Sc., B.Ed., LL.B.
  • University certificate, diploma or degree above the bachelor's level

Administrative information

To enhance the data from this survey and to minimize the reporting burden for respondents, Statistics Canada will combine your responses with information from the tax data of all members of your household. [Statistics Canada, the provincial ministry of health and the Institut de la statistique du Québec/Statistics Canada and the provincial ministry of health] may also add information from other surveys or administrative sources.

Having a provincial or territorial health number will assist us in linking to this other information. Do you have a provincial or territorial health number?

  • Yes
  • No

For which province or territory is your health number?

If you do not have a Canadian health number, select "No Canadian health number" from the drop down.

  • Province or territory
    • Alberta
    • British Columbia
    • Manitoba
    • New Brunswick
    • Newfoundland and Labrador
    • Northwest Territories
    • Nova Scotia
    • Nunavut
    • Ontario
    • Prince Edward Island
    • Quebec
    • Saskatchewan
    • Yukon
    • Does not have a Canadian health number

What is your health number?

Enter a health number for [Newfoundland and Labrador/Prince Edward Island/Nova Scotia/New Brunswick/Quebec/Ontario/Manitoba/Saskatchewan/Alberta/British Columbia/Yukon/the Northwest Territories/Nunavut]. In [Newfoundland and Labrador/Prince Edward Island/Nova Scotia/New Brunswick/Quebec/Ontario/Manitoba/Saskatchewan/Alberta/British Columbia/Yukon/the Northwest Territories/Nunavut], the health number is made up of [twelve numbers/eight numbers/ten numbers/nine numbers/four letters followed by eight numbers/ten numbers. Do not include the two letters at the end for green health cards/nine numbers, beginning with 002 or 003/one letter followed by seven numbers]. Do not insert blanks, hyphens or commas between the numbers.

[Note: In Manitoba, health numbers of a family's members can be listed on the same card. Be sure to capture your health number if there is more than one on the card./Note: In British Columbia, residents may have a combined driver's license and health card. If you have a combined card, the health number is on the back above the barcode.]

  • Health number

To avoid duplication of surveys, Statistics Canada may enter into agreements to share the data from this survey with provincial ministries of health [and the Institut de la statistique du Québec]. [The Institut de la statistique du Québec and provincial/Provincial] ministries of health may make the data available to local health authorities.

Data shared with your ministry of health [and the Institut de la statistique du Québec] may also include identifiers such as name, address, telephone number and health number. Local health authorities would receive only survey responses and the postal code.

These organizations have agreed to keep the data confidential and use it only for statistical purposes.

Do you agree to share the data you provided?

  • Yes
  • No

To reduce the number of questions in this questionnaire, Statistics Canada will use information from your tax forms submitted to the Canada Revenue Agency. With your consent Statistics Canada will share this information from your tax forms with [provincial ministries of health and the Institut de la statistique du Québec/provincial ministries of health]. These organizations have agreed to keep the information confidential and to use it only for statistical and research purposes.

Do you give Statistics Canada permission to share your tax information with [provincial ministries of health and the Institut de la statistique du Québec/provincial ministries of health]?

  • Yes
  • No

Stocks of Frozen and Chilled Meats Survey - 2026

Why are we conducting this survey?

The purpose of this survey is to produce statistics on the stocks of frozen and chilled meat held in warehouses registered with the Canadian Food Inspection Agency.

These data will be aggregated with data from other sources to produce estimates of national and provincial stocks. These estimates are used by government and the private sector to make policy and investment decisions.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Your participation in this survey is required under the authority of the Statistics Act.

Other important information

Authorization to collect this information

Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

Confidentiality

By law, Statistics Canada is prohibited from releasing any information it collects that could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent, or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes only.

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the reporting burden, Statistics Canada may combine the acquired data with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Data-sharing agreements

To reduce respondent burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data-sharing agreements with provincial and territorial statistical agencies and other government organizations, which have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes. Statistics Canada will only share data from this survey with those organizations that have demonstrated a requirement to use the data.

Section 11 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with provincial and territorial statistical agencies that meet certain conditions. These agencies must have the legislative authority to collect the same information, on a mandatory basis, and the legislation must provide substantially the same provisions for confidentiality and penalties for disclosure of confidential information as the Statistics Act. Because these agencies have the legal authority to compel businesses to provide the same information, consent is not requested, and businesses may not object to the sharing of the data.

For this survey, there are Section 11 agreements with the provincial statistical agencies of Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia. The shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province.

Section 12 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with federal, provincial or territorial government organizations.

Under Section 12, you may refuse to share your information with any of these organizations by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician, specifying the organizations with which you do not want Statistics Canada to share your data and mailing it to the following address:

Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of Director, Enterprise Statistics Division
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0T6

You may also contact us by email at statcan.esd-helpdesk-dse-bureaudedepannage.statcan@canada.ca or by fax at 613-951-6583.

For this survey, there is a Section 12 agreement with the Prince Edward Island statistical agency.

For agreements with provincial and territorial government organizations, the shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Business or organization and contact information

1. Verify or provide the business or organization's legal and operating name and correct where needed.

Note: Legal name modifications should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

Note: Press the help button (?) for additional information.

Legal Name

The legal name is one recognized by law, thus it is the name liable for pursuit or for debts incurred by the business or organization. In the case of a corporation, it is the legal name as fixed by its charter or the statute by which the corporation was created.

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

To indicate a legal name of another legal entity you should instead indicate it in question 3 by selecting 'Not currently operational' and then choosing the applicable reason and providing the legal name of this other entity along with any other requested information.

Operating Name

The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

  • Legal name
  • Operating name (if applicable)

2. Verify or provide the contact information of the designated business or organization contact person for this questionnaire and correct where needed.

Note: The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire.

  • First name
  • Last name
  • Title
  • Preferred language of communication
    • English
    • French
  • Mailing address (number and street)
  • City
  • Province, territory or state
  • Postal code or ZIP code
  • Country
    • Canada
    • United States
  • Email address
  • Telephone number (including area code)
  • Extension number (if applicable)
    The maximum number of characters is 10.
  • Fax number (including area code)

3. Verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

  • Operational
  • Not currently operational
    Why is this business or organization not currently operational?
    • Seasonal operations
      • When did this business or organization close for the season?
        Date
      • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
        Date
    • Ceased operations
      • When did this business or organization cease operations?
        Date
      • Why did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Bankruptcy
        • Liquidation
        • Dissolution
        • Other
          Specify the other reasons why the operations ceased
    • Sold operations
      • When was this business or organization sold?
        Date
      • What is the legal name of the buyer?
    • Amalgamated with other businesses or organizations
      • When did this business or organization amalgamate?
        Date
      • What is the legal name of the resulting or continuing business or organization?
      • What are the legal names of the other amalgamated businesses or organizations?
    • Temporarily inactive but will re-open
      • When did this business or organization become temporarily inactive?
        Date
      • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
        Date
      • Why is this business or organization temporarily inactive?
    • No longer operating due to other reasons
      • When did this business or organization cease operations?
        Date
      • Why did this business or organization cease operations?

4. Verify or provide the current main activity of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

Note: The described activity was assigned using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

This question verifies the business or organization's current main activity as classified by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. Created against the background of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is designed to provide common definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three economies. NAICS is based on supply-side or production-oriented principles, to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS , are suitable for the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.

The target entity for which NAICS is designed are businesses and other organizations engaged in the production of goods and services. They include farms, incorporated and unincorporated businesses and government business enterprises. They also include government institutions and agencies engaged in the production of marketed and non-marketed services, as well as organizations such as professional associations and unions and charitable or non-profit organizations and the employees of households.

The associated NAICS should reflect those activities conducted by the business or organizational units targeted by this questionnaire only, as identified in the 'Answering this questionnaire' section and which can be identified by the specified legal and operating name. The main activity is the activity which most defines the targeted business or organization's main purpose or reason for existence. For a business or organization that is for-profit, it is normally the activity that generates the majority of the revenue for the entity.

The NAICS classification contains a limited number of activity classifications; the associated classification might be applicable for this business or organization even if it is not exactly how you would describe this business or organization's main activity.

Please note that any modifications to the main activity through your response to this question might not necessarily be reflected prior to the transmitting of subsequent questionnaires and as a result they may not contain this updated information.

The following is the detailed description including any applicable examples or exclusions for the classification currently associated with this business or organization.

Description and examples

  • This is the current main activity
  • This is not the current main activity

Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's main activity

e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development

Main activity

5. You indicated that is not the current main activity. Was this business or organization's main activity ever classified as: ?

  • Yes
    When did the main activity change?
    Date
  • No

6. Search and select the industry classification code that best corresponds to this business or organization's main activity.

Select this business or organization's activity sector (optional)

  • Farming or logging operation
  • Construction company or general contractor
  • Manufacturer
  • Wholesaler
  • Retailer
  • Provider of passenger or freight transportation
  • Provider of investment, savings or insurance products
  • Real estate agency, real estate brokerage or leasing company
  • Provider of professional, scientific or technical services
  • Provider of health care or social services
  • Restaurant, bar, hotel, motel or other lodging establishment
  • Other sector

7. You have indicated that the current main activity of this business or organization is:
Main activity
Are there any other activities that contribute significantly (at least 10%) to this business or organization's revenue?

  • Yes, there are other activities
  • No, that is the only significant activity

Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's secondary activity

e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development

8. Approximately what percentage of this business or organization's revenue is generated by each of the following activities?

When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimates.

Approximately what percentage of this business or organization's revenue is generated by each of the following activities?
  Percentage of revenue
Main activity  
Secondary activity  
All other activities  
Total percentage  

Location of stocks

1. Are the stocks located at the following address?

  • Yes
  • No

Please report the address where the stocks are located.

  • Address (number and street):
  • City:
  • Province or territory:
    • Alberta
    • British Columbia
    • Manitoba
    • New Brunswick
    • Newfoundland and Labrador
    • Northwest Territories
    • Nova Scotia
    • Nunavut
    • Ontario
    • Prince Edward Island
    • Quebec
    • Saskatchewan
    • Yukon
  • Postal code:

Products in storage

2. Which of the following products were in storage at this location on ?

Select all that apply.

  • Pork - Domestic and imported
  • Beef - Domestic and imported
  • Veal - Domestic and imported
  • Mutton and lamb - Domestic and imported
  • Fancy meats
  • None of the above

All meat categories include brains, livers, sweetbreads, tongues, stomachs, kidneys, lungs and other glands for pharmaceuticals.
Beef, veal, and lamb include tails, headmeat, weasand meat, gullets, neck trim and blood plasma.

Pork - Domestic and imported

3. What was the total stocks in kilograms (kg) of the following domestic and imported pork products?

Include:

  • stocks held at this site only, regardless of ownership
  • smoked pork products
  • stocks held for export.

Exclude:

  • stocks held at another site
  • meat that has been further processed such as sausages, meat in soups or prepared dinners
  • back fat or rendered fat.

Conversion: 1 kilogram = 2.2046 pounds, 1 pound = 0.4536 kilograms
Enter zero '0' if there are no stocks.

What was the total stocks in kilograms (kg) of the following domestic and imported pork products?
  Total stocks (kg)
Hams  
Loins  
Bellies  
Butts  
Picnics  
Ribs  
Backs and shoulders  
Trimmings  
Unclassified - other pork cuts and sundries not elsewhere listed  
Total domestic and imported pork products  

Beef - Domestic and imported

4. What was the total stocks in kilograms (kg) of the following domestic and imported beef products?

Include:

  • stocks held at this site only, regardless of ownership
  • stocks held for export.

Exclude:

  • stocks held at another site
  • meat that has been further processed such as sausages, meat in soups or prepared dinners
  • back fat or rendered fat.

Conversion: 1 kilogram = 2.2046 pounds, 1 pound = 0.4536 kilograms
Enter zero '0' if there are no stocks.

What was the total stocks in kilograms (kg) of the following domestic and imported beef products?
  Total stocks (kg)
Bone-in domestic  
Bone-in imported  
Boneless domestic  
Boneless imported  
Total domestic and imported beef products  

Veal - Domestic and imported

5. What was the total stocks in kilograms (kg) of the following domestic and imported veal products?

Include:

  • stocks held at this site only, regardless of ownership
  • stocks held for export.

Exclude:

  • stocks held at another site
  • meat that has been further processed such as sausages, meat in soups or prepared dinners
  • back fat or rendered fat.

Conversion: 1 kilogram = 2.2046 pounds, 1 pound = 0.4536 kilograms
Enter zero '0' if there are no stocks.

What was the total stocks in kilograms (kg) of the following domestic and imported veal products?
  Total stocks (kg)
Bone-in domestic  
Bone-in imported  
Boneless domestic  
Boneless imported  
Total domestic and imported veal products  

Mutton and lamb - Domestic and imported

6. What was the total stocks in kilograms (kg) of the following domestic and imported mutton and lamb products?

Include:

  • stocks held at this site only, regardless of ownership
  • stocks held for export.

Exclude:

  • stocks held at another site
  • meat that has been further processed such as sausages, meat in soups or prepared dinners
  • back fat or rendered fat.

Conversion: 1 kilogram = 2.2046 pounds, 1 pound = 0.4536 kilograms
Enter zero '0' if there are no stocks.

What was the total stocks in kilograms (kg) of the following domestic and imported mutton and lamb products?
  Total stocks (kg)
Domestic mutton and lamb  
Imported mutton  
Imported lamb  
Total domestic and imported mutton and lamb products  

Fancy meats

7. What was the total stocks in kilograms (kg) of the following fancy meat products?

Include:

  • brains, livers, sweetbreads, tongues, stomachs, kidneys, lungs, other glands for pharmaceuticals
  • stocks held at this site only, regardless of ownership
  • stocks held for export.

Exclude:

  • stocks held at another site
  • meat that has been further processed such as sausages, meat in soups or prepared dinners
  • back fat or rendered fat.

Conversion: 1 kilogram = 2.2046 pounds, 1 pound = 0.4536 kilograms
Enter zero '0' if there are no stocks.

What was the total stocks in kilograms (kg) of the following fancy meat products?
  Total stocks (kg)
Pork  
Beef  
Veal  
Lamb  
Total fancy meats products  

Changes or events

8. Indicate any changes or events that affected the reported values for this business or organization, compared with the last reporting period.

Select all that apply.

  • Strike or lock-out
  • Exchange rate impact
  • Price changes in goods or services sold
  • Contracting out
  • Organizational change
  • Price changes in labour or raw materials
  • Natural disaster
  • Recession
  • Change in product line
  • Sold business or business units
  • Expansion
  • New or lost contract
  • Plant closures
  • Acquisition of business or business units
  • Other
    Specify the other changes or events:
  • No changes or events

Contact person

9. Statistics Canada may need to contact the person who completed this questionnaire for further information.
Is the provided given names and the provided family name the best person to contact?

  • Yes
  • No

Who is the best person to contact about this questionnaire?

  • First name:
  • Last name:
  • Title:
  • Email address:
  • Telephone number (including area code):
  • Extension number (if applicable):
    The maximum number of characters is 5.
  • Fax number (including area code):

Feedback

10. How long did it take to complete this questionnaire?

Include the time spent gathering the necessary information.

  • Hours:
  • Minutes:

11. Do you have any comments about this questionnaire?

Residential and Non-residential Property Assessment Values for Taxation Year 2024

Centre for Production, Distribution and Investment Statistics, Economic Statistics Field

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Key definitions
    1. Price base date (PBD)
    2. Volume state date (VSD)
    3. Residential property
    4. Non-residential property
    5. Properties subject to municipal, provincial, territorial and federal payment-in-lieu
  3. Input data
    1. Data sources
    2. Unit reported
  4. Auxiliary data
    1. Multiple Listing Service (MLS) data
    2. Building permits (BPER) and investment in building construction data (IBC)
    3. Census of Population
    4. Municipal boundary changes
  5. Classification
    1. Geography
    2. Type of property
  6. Imputation for missing data
    1. Imputation of residential values
    2. Imputation of non-residential values
  7. Price adjustments
    1. Choice of source data vintage
    2. Jurisdictions that are not price adjusted
    3. Residential price adjustment
      1. Modelling of assessment values
      2. Modelling of MLS monthly resale values
      3. Modelling of donor values for Nunavut
    4. Non-residential price adjustment
      1. Modelling of non-residential assessment data
      2. Discount factor applied to MLS polynomial trend series
      3. Discount factor applied to Nunavut price index
    5. Calculating the price adjusted value
  8. Volume adjustments
  9. Removals and adjustments in accordance with typical property assessment and taxation practices
    1. Removal of CSDs on account of First Nations and other Aboriginal Groups
    2. Exclusion of exempt residential property
    3. Exclusions of schools, churches and hospitals
    4. Removal of properties subject to provincial-territorial and municipal payments-in-lieu of taxes
    5. Adjustments in the Northwest Territories and Nunavut
    6. Machinery and equipment values
    7. Removal of personal property values in Manitoba
    8. Mixed-use properties
  10. Quality control
    Annex 1. List of provinces and territories with microdata in tax years 2016 and 2024

1. Introduction

The Property Values Program produces annual estimates of assessment values of properties at provincial and territorial level across Canada. These estimates are produced using a common price date, which corresponds to July 1st of the year preceding the tax year under evaluation. Finance Canada uses these estimates to determine fiscal capacity with respect to property taxes for the Equalization program and the Territorial Formula Financing (TFF) program. Footnote 1 To ensure comparability of the data, a number of adjustments are made. They include: the coding of property categories to a common classification; the adjustment of values to a common price base date and to a common volume state (or stock) date; and the imputation of missing property values. Additionally, other removals and adjustments are carried out to produce estimates of annual assessment values at a common price date that meet the requirements for determining fiscal capacity.

This document presents these adjustments in more detail.

2. Key definitions

a. Price base date (PBD) Footnote 2

The price base date (referred to as “valuation” by Data Providers) is the fixed point in time at which all properties are valued by assessment agencies. Within each province or territory, the same PBD applies to all properties.

The target price base date (TPBD) serves as the benchmark for price adjustments within the Property Values Program. It is set as July 1st of the year preceding the tax year under assessment. For instance, the TPBD for the tax year 2024 (TY2024) corresponds to July 1st, 2023.

b. Volume state date (VSD)

The volume state date (referred to as “condition” by Data Providers) is the fixed point in time when the full stock of active properties and their physical condition are reflected in the official Assessment Roll.

The target volume state date (TVSD) serves as the benchmark for volume adjustments within the Property Values Program. It is set as January 1st of the tax year under assessment. For instance, the TVSD for the tax year 2024 (TY2024) corresponds to January 1, 2024.

c. Residential property

Defined as all types of property categorized as residential for assessment purposes in the majority of provinces and territories. It includes single and multi-unit properties, farm residences, cottages and vacation homes, mobile homes, and vacant lands which are designated for residential purposes.

d. Non-residential property

Defined as all types of property categorized as non-residential for assessment purposes in the majority of provinces and territories. It includes industrial, commercial and institutional properties, engineering construction and mining properties, and vacant lands which are designated for non-residential purposes.

Agricultural properties Footnote 3 (excluding residential dwellings on farm property, which are considered residential property for the Property Values Program) as well as the value of machinery and equipment improvements on properties are excluded from final estimates.

e. Properties subject to municipal, provincial, territorial and federal payment-in-lieu

Defined as municipal, provincial, territorial and federal government-owned property for which owners remit payment-in-lieu of taxes to municipal governments or local taxation authorities.

3. Input data

a. Data sources

Assessment data series are collected from provincial, territorial and municipal assessment entities and are based on municipal assessment rolls. Data providers agree to provide the data on a regular basis either through formal agreements or responding per data request.

Starting in January 2018, assessment roll microdata is gradually being received from every jurisdiction, to replace the use of assessment roll aggregate data. In 2025, we received assessment roll microdata for the tax year 2024 from 12 provinces and territories, up from five provinces and territories for the tax year 2016. See Annex 1.

b. Unit reported

Data series are reported either at the municipal, property or sub-property level.

4. Auxiliary data

a. Multiple Listing Service (MLS) data

Multiple Listing Service (MLS) data is produced by the Canadian Real Estate Association (CREA). The data files are obtained via Haver Analytics, a company that is the sole distributor of CREA MLS data. MLS data is aggregate monthly residential sales data reported as dollar volume sales and the number of units sold by real estate boards. Data is available at provincial or sub-provincial level for all provinces and territories with the exception of Québec, for which only provincial-level data is available. No data is available for Nunavut. MLS data files are used for price adjustment.

b. Building Permits (BPER) and Investment in Building Construction (IBC) data

Data on the number of residential and non-residential building permits issued, as well as investment in construction completion, by type of work (e.g., new units, conversions, etc.), is obtained from Statistics Canada's Building Permits (BPER) and Investment in Building Construction (IBC) programs. The data is produced monthly, by jurisdiction. These data files are used for volume adjustment.

c. Census of Population

Data from Census of Population are available every five years. Between census years, yearly average owner-occupied dwelling values, referred to as "intercensal" values, are derived using linear interpolation. Footnote 4 These values are used for the imputation of missing property values.

d. Municipal boundary changes

Municipal boundary changes are mapped to the 2021 census geography using the “Interim List of Changes to Municipal Boundaries, Status, and Names.”

The list is usually produced on an annual basis for changes that occurred during the previous year. A five-year list is produced on Census of Population years. The Property Values program uses the report for the mapping of new municipalities to the Census 2021 geography during the intercensal period. Upon the publication of the 2026 Census, the Property Values program will reconcile the intercensal municipal changes to the new census geography.

5. Classification

a. Geography

A municipality covered by the collected data is assigned to a Census Subdivision (CSD). The assignment of CSDs is reviewed yearly to reflect changes (municipal amalgamations, legal status changes, etc.) that occur during the year. During the period between censuses, these municipal changes are mapped to their prior census subdivisions, census year 2021. Accumulated intercensal changes are revised to their new CSDs in the year following the publication of the census.

CSDs containing First Nations or other autonomous or self-governing areas are out of scope for Fiscal Arrangements purposes. As a result, these CSDs are not included in the provincial estimates.

b. Type of property

The type of property classification is reviewed to improve comparability of the data amongst provinces and territories. The classification of properties is more precise when more details are available in the data.

6. Imputation for missing data

There exist municipalities or regions that are not assessed by provincial or territorial assessment agencies, and therefore no property taxes are levied. As a result, assessment values are missing for some jurisdictions, mostly in unorganized areas. Footnote 5 Additionally, on occasion, some municipalities submit their assessment values to assessment agencies later than when the data is required. Missing property assessment values for these municipalities are imputed.

For taxation year 2024, there were 142 jurisdictions (CSDs) with missing data that were imputed, 132 of which were in Newfoundland-and-Labrador, 8 were in Northwest Territories and 2 were in Saskatchewan.

a. Imputation of residential values

The imputation strategy relies on three key assumptions: (1) the reported average owner-occupied dwelling values from CSDs in the same province and population group are expected to be similar; (2) the composition of the residential housing mix is consistent between the donor and imputed population group; and (3) property tax assessors would have valued properties similarly in both the donor group and imputed population group.

During the intercensal period, an average owner-occupied dwelling value (Intercensal OODV) is found from the forward extrapolation in time to the relevant Tax Year, for the CSD, the line that connects the owner-occupied dwelling counts from two prior census values. For Tax Year 2024 those would be the 2016 Census of Population and the 2021 Census of Population.

Residential property value in a geography is the sum of all of owner and non-owner-occupied dwellings, vacant dwelling properties and vacant residential land. Although the concept of average owner-occupied dwelling value differs from that of residential property value, under the assumptions we may assume that:

RPV of Imputed CSDRPV of Donor CSD=Intercensal OODV of Imputed CSDIntercensal OODV of Donor CSD=RatioIntercensal

Therefore, the imputation formula is:

RPV of Imputed CSD=(RPV of Donor CSD)×RatioIntercensal

Where RPV refers to the total Residential Property Value of a CSD.

In order to produce an imputed value that best reflects the price base date and volume state date:

  • the number of private dwellings is taken from the yearly intercensal file of the same year as the volume state date of the assessment roll file; and
  • the average owner-occupied dwelling value is taken from the yearly intercensal file or derived from assessed values of the same year as the price base date of the assessment roll file.

The resulting imputed values are then processed and adjusted Footnote 6 using the same methodology as for assessment roll values.

b. Imputation of non-residential values

Unlike the imputation for residential property values where dwelling values from intercensal files can be used to estimate the value of residential properties, no similar direct indicator is available for non-residential properties. Therefore, non-residential values are imputed using data of CSDs with similar Census population counts within the same province or territory.

Ratios of the total non-residential values over the total population are calculated using data from CSDs for each population class (see table 1 below) for each province and territory. These ratios Footnote 7 are then applied to the population count of the missing CSD to derive the imputed non-residential value. Most of the missing CSDs are from rural areas.

Table 1 – Population class used for imputation on non-residential values Footnote 8
Population Class Description
1 Rural
2 Small Sized Municipalities
3 Medium Sized Municipalities
4 Large Sized Municipalities

7. Price adjustments

Due to differences in assessment practices and frequency of revaluation cycles, data received does not always align with the target price base date (TPBD) of July 1 of the year preceding the taxation year.

a. Choice of source data vintage

To minimize price adjustments, data from the file whose price base date (PBD) most closely aligns with the target price base date (TPBD) is used to produce estimates for a given taxation year. If two input files have the same time interval between their PBD and TPBD, the file with the smallest difference between the volume state date (VSD) and the target volume state date (VSD) is selected.

b. Jurisdictions that are not price adjusted

The following provinces do not undergo price adjustments as their PBD corresponds to the TPBD:

  • Quebec
  • Alberta
  • British Columbia

c. Residential price adjustment

Sale and resale values are used in the reassessment of properties by assessment agencies. Multiple Listing Service (MLS) resale data is a suitable candidate as a proxy for this information. However, sales data is not the only information that is used by assessment agencies in determining assessment values. Other inputs such as demolition/construction permits, renovation permits, construction costs, physical inspections and other indicators are incorporated into their modelling methodology. In addition, MLS resale values are a subset of all residential property values as they exclude private sales and properties that have not sold in many years. Consequently, while MLS resale values provide a useful indicator, they do not always closely reflect the price movements of assessment values.

Statistics Canada does not attempt to replicate the modelling of assessment agencies. Instead, it relies on price indices to adjust assessment values to the target price base date.

c1. Modelling of assessment values

For certain provinces, reassessments occur yearly or on a frequent basis and the target PBD is close to the PBD of the data received. To make better use of the assessment data collected since the onset of this program and to improve the quality of estimates, a price index is generated by calculating the polynomial trendFootnote 9 of average values by property class. Using average values excludes the effect of yearly changes in volume (new construction and demolition) and helps isolate price movements. Such an index is referred to as the Assessment Roll Trend (AR Trend). This modelling is performed at the provincial level.

This method is used in the following provinces:

  • Newfoundland
  • Prince Edward Island
  • Nova Scotia
  • New Brunswick

c2. Modelling of MLS monthly resale values

For the remaining provinces and territories (except Nunavut), to capture annual price movements, a price index is generated by calculating the polynomial trend of seasonally adjusted MLS monthly average resale values. These polynomial trend series are calculated by MLS jurisdiction and applied to the corresponding CSDs.

This method is used in the following provinces and territories:

  • Ontario
  • Manitoba
  • Saskatchewan
  • Yukon
  • Northwest Territories

c3. Modelling of donor values for Nunavut

As resale data do not exist for Nunavut, Statistics Canada uses data for the region of northern Quebec Footnote 10 as a proxy for this territory. Footnote 11 The property assessment data is provided by the provincial government of Quebec.

The Nunavut residential index is calculated using an average of residential and non-residential property values from Quebec data. Footnote 12

An annual series is generated and converted into a monthly series by adding one twelfth of the dollar difference between two observations to each successive month between observed values (linear interpolation), thereby creating a monthly index. Residential price-adjustments are then applied to Nunavut property values using the same algorithm (for ratios) developed for resale data.

d. Non-residential price adjustment

Unlike residential properties, non-residential properties (more specifically institutional, commercial, and industrial) are not often for sale. It is therefore comparatively more difficult to find appropriate market indicators for non-residential price adjustment. To overcome this, the correlation between residential and non-residential price changes was analyzed.

A regression analysis was performed, and a model was constructed using assessment data from four provinces: Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, Quebec, and British Columbia. The reasons for using these specific four provinces are twofold: (1) these provinces evaluate their non-residential property stock on an annual basis Footnote 13 and (2) they report data for both assessment values and numbers of non-residential properties. This level of detail allowed the derivation of the annual non-residential price movements. The conclusion was to use the model coefficient of 0.7336 as a discount factor to the residential series.

The discount factor methodology was satisfactory for several years, while MLS resale values observed consistent behaviour compared to non-residential values. However, over the years, the correlation between residential and non-residential values became weaker. Combined with the fact that assessment data was collected since 2006, it became realistic to favour the development of the polynomial trend of assessment data (AR Trend) methodology to replace the discount factor methodology, when possible.

d1. Modelling of non-residential assessment data

Similar to the modelling of residential assessment data, non-residential assessment data is modelled using polynomial trend of average values by broad property type.

This method is used in:

  • Newfoundland (provincial level)
  • Prince Edward Island (provincial level)
  • Nova Scotia (provincial level)
  • New Brunswick (provincial level)
  • Ontario (separate modelling for Toronto and rest of province)
  • Manitoba (separate modelling for Winnipeg and rest of province)

d2. Discount factor applied to MLS polynomial trend series

For the remaining provinces and territories (except Nunavut), it is not possible to model the assessment data as the reassessment cycles are long and there is not yet sufficient source data for modelling. In these cases, the discount factor is used to adjust the non-residential property values using the MLS polynomial trend series of residential properties. In the future, it may become possible to update this methodology, as more assessment data become available.

This method is used in:

  • Saskatchewan
  • Yukon
  • Northwest Territories

d3. Discount factor applied to Nunavut price index

Similarly, the discount factor is applied to Nunavut’s residential price index.

e. Calculating the price adjusted value

It involves price index preparation, price adjustment ratio and adjusted value calculation.

Price index is generated using polynomial regression model on either MLS average prices or assessment averages.

The price adjustment ratio is calculated by taking the index value at the target price base date (TPBD) over the index value at the price base date (PBD) of the source data. This ratio is then applied to the assessment value to yield the adjusted value at the TPBD.

R a t i o P A D J = I n d e x V a l u e T P B D I n d e x V a l u e P B D  

A s s e s s m e n t V a l u e T P B D   =   R a t i o P A D J   ×   A s s e s s m e n t V a l u e P B D

8. Volume adjustments

Volume adjustments ensure that property values reflect a common target volume state date (TVSD) of January 1st of the taxation year. For assessment data with a volume state date (VSD) earlier or later than the TVSD, the value of all completed construction that occurred between the two dates is estimated using Statistics Canada's monthly Building Permits Program and Investment in Building Construction Program. The estimated value is then added to or subtracted from the total property values, as applicable. This methodology is applied to both residential and non-residential property values. 

Residential volume adjustments typically represent less than 2% of total estimated values, while non-residential adjustments may slightly exceed this threshold.

9. Removals and adjustments in accordance with typical property assessment and taxation practices

a. Removal of CSDs on account of First Nations and other Aboriginal Groups

Census subdivisions which are First Nations reserves, and autonomous or self-governing areas are removed as they are deemed out of scope. Such CSDs are identified based on their CSD type.

b. Exclusion of exempt residential property

In some provinces, certain properties are identified as exempt from property taxes in the input files received from the assessment agencies. Any values associated with these properties are excluded from the estimates for the purposes of fiscal arrangements.

c. Exclusions of schools, churches and hospitals

The most important non-residential properties which are generally exempt from property taxes are schools, churches and hospitals (S/C/H).

Some provinces and territories provide detailed breakdowns of S/C/H in their assessment data. For these jurisdictions, the exact proportion of S/C/H is removed from the final estimates.

For provinces and territories where the S/C/H breakdowns are not available, the proportion of S/C/H assessment values relative to total non-residential assessment values is estimated by applying the proportion of S/C/H property values from a comparable reporting province or territory. It should be noted that values for engineering and mining properties are excluded from the total non-residential assessment values used in calculating the S/C/H proportions.

The list of provinces and territories used in the calculation of estimated S/C/H proportions depends on data availability and may vary from year to year as new microdata is received. 

d. Removal of properties subject to provincial-territorial and municipal payments-in-lieu of taxes

Instead of paying regular property taxes, federal and provincial governments typically provide a payment in lieu of taxes (PILT) for their exempt properties. However, only federal PILT properties represent fiscal capacity for the consolidated provincial-territorial-municipal-local sector; provincial and territorial PILT properties as well as municipal institutional properties are excluded.

e. Adjustments in the Northwest Territories and Nunavut

Unlike in the provinces and the Yukon, property assessments in the Northwest Territories and Nunavut do not consistently follow market value standards.

Land values within the municipal taxation areas (Iqaluit in Nunavut; Yellowknife, Fort Simpson, Fort Smith, Hay River, Norman Wells and Inuvik in NWT) reflect full market value. In contrast, land values in the remainder of the two territories (i.e. in the General Taxation Areas) are, according to the data provider, based on average regional development costs.

Improvements (i.e. buildings) in both territories are assessed based on depreciated Edmonton construction costs, using Alberta's depreciation schedule. The resulting value for Yellowknife is then multiplied by a regulatory factor of 1.35, which, according to the assessment data provider, reflects Yellowknife's actual construction costs relative to Edmonton's. As a result, Yellowknife's assessed building values approximately reflect market value. Footnote 14

Outside of Yellowknife, in both territories, a discount factor of 0.666 has been applied to building values initially assessed at depreciated Edmonton construction costs. This factor, also set out in regulations, was reportedly introduced to encourage development. During data processing, this embedded 0.666 scaling factor is removed from the building values in the Nunavut and Northwest Territories outside of Yellowknife and Iqaluit.

f. Machinery and equipment values

Property values for machinery and equipment (M&E) components in the non-residential category are considered out of scope.

g. Removal of personal property values in Manitoba

The assessment roll in Manitoba includes personal property which is not considered real estate property. Such property values are excluded from the estimate.

h. Mixed-use properties

Some properties are used for both residential and non-residential purposes. In cases where no further breakdown is available, the values of mixed-use properties are redistributed between residential and non-residential property types according to the existing distribution of total residential and non-residential property values by CSD. Where further breakdowns are available, mostly in jurisdictions where microdata was received, the values are assigned according to the exact breakdown. Mixed-use residential and non-residential properties that are redistributed represent 0.015% of the total valuation of properties in Canada.

One of the most common cases of mixed-use properties is of a building with ground-level commercial space and one or more floors of residential units above.

10. Quality control

Statistics Canada's quality assurance framework requires an assessment of data relevance, accuracy, timeliness, accessibility, interpretability and coherence. The quality of the raw input data collected from provincial, territorial and municipal assessment departments and agencies cannot be directly evaluated within this framework. However, confrontational analysis is performed to compare the source data with previously received data. Any irregularities identified are carefully reviewed and analyzed prior to the official release of the data.

Annex 1. List of provinces and territories with microdata in tax years 2016 and 2024

Annex 1. List of provinces and territories with microdata forin tax year 2016 and 2024
Province / Territory Tax year 2016 Tax year 2024
Newfoundland and Labrador Yes Yes
Prince Edward Island No Yes
Nova Scotia Yes Yes
New Brunswick No Yes
Quebec No No
Ontario Yes Yes
Manitoba No Yes
Saskatchewan (except Prince Albert) No Yes
Alberta No Yes
British Columbia No Yes
Yukon Yes Yes
Northwest Territories Yes Yes
Nunavut No Yes
Total number of provinces and territories with microdata 5 12