The Farm Product Price Index rose 8.3% in September 2025 compared with the same month one year earlier. The gain in the total livestock and animal products index outweighed the loss in the total crops index.
Chart 1: 12-month change in the Farm Product Price Index
Description - Chart 1
Data table: 12-month change in the Farm Product Price Index
Source: Table 32-10-0098-01.
Strong demand for beef and pork boosts the livestock index
The total livestock and animal products index was up 19.9% in September compared with the same month one year earlier. This was the seventh consecutive year-over-year gain for the month of September. The main contributors to the increase were the gains in the cattle and calves index and the hogs index.
In September 2025, the cattle and calves index rose 34.7% over September 2024. Strong demand for beef products supported this increase. Similarly, the strong demand for pork contributed to higher prices of hogs, resulting in a 22.8% increase of the hogs index in September 2025.
The declines of the poultry (-0.7%) and dairy (-1.0%) indexes in September moderated the yearly increase of the total livestock and animal products index.
Lower prices for most major grains and specialty crops drive the decline in crops index
In September, the total crops index (-2.1%) recorded the third consecutive year-over-year decline for this month. The decline in the crops index was driven by lower prices for most major grains and specialty crops.
The grains index fell 3.4% in September, continuing the year-over-year downward trend that was first recorded in February 2023. Prices for most major grains in September 2025 were lower compared with September 2024; rye (-8.0%), oats (-6.7%) and wheat (excluding durum) (-6.3%) posted the largest price declines in September 2025. Higher domestic production pressured prices downward.
On a year-over-year basis, the specialty crops index dropped 19.4% in September, as a result of lower prices for chickpeas (-24.0%), lentils (-23.1%) and dry peas (-20.4%). Geopolitical tensions and robust supply put downward pressure on the specialty crop prices.
Meanwhile, the oilseeds index rose 3.7% in September 2025 compared with the same month one year earlier. Higher prices for flaxseed (+7.8%) and canola (+4.5%) supported the increase in the oilseeds index. Conversely, a year-over-year decline in soybean prices (-4.9%) moderated the gain in the oilseeds index.
The fresh vegetables (+3.0%), fresh fruits (+1.0%) and fresh potatoes (+0.3%) indexes also increased in September 2025 compared with the same month in 2024.
Table 1: Farm Product Price Index
Note to readers
Due to the US government shutdown, the transmission of international trade data has been delayed. Consequently, the international trade data used to calculate the farm product price index have been estimated for September 2025.
For more information on agriculture and food, visit the Agriculture and food statistics portal.
Contact information
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