General Information

This information is collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19. COMPLETION OF THIS QUESTIONNAIRE IS A LEGAL REQUIREMENT UNDER THIS ACT.

Survey purpose

This survey collects data to provide estimates of production and value of maple products in Canada. The data are used by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, other government departments and provincial governments as well as producer's organizations. This information assists in the administration of agricultural policies, production and price analysis as well as economic research. Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Confidentiality

Your answers are confidential.

The Statistics Act protects the confidentiality of information collected by Statistics Canada.
Statistics Canada is prohibited by law from releasing any information it collects which could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes.

Fax or e-mail transmission disclosure

Statistics Canada advises you that there could be a risk of disclosure during the transmission of information by facsimile or e-mail. However, upon receipt, Statistics Canada will provide the guaranteed level of protection afforded all information collected under the authority of the Statistics Act.

Data-sharing agreements

To reduce respondent burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data-sharing agreements with provincial and territorial statistical agencies and other government organizations, which have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes.
Information on data-sharing agreements can be found on the last page of this questionnaire.

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey, Statistics Canada may combine it with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Your participation is important

Your participation is vital to ensuring that the information collected in this survey is accurate and comprehensive.

Please return the completed questionnaire to Statistics Canada within 30 days of receipt by mail using the return envelope.
You can also fax it to us at 1-888-883-7999.
Lost the return envelope or need help? Call us at 1-800-565-1685 or mail to: Statistics Canada, Operations and Integration Division, Central Reception – SC-0505 150 Tunney’s Pasture Driveway, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0T6

Main respondent

• Given name and initial(s)
• Family name
• Telephone number
• Fax number
• Other telephone number
• Number and street name
• Post office (name of city, town or village where mail is received)
• Province
• Postal code
• E-mail address (if applicable)

Alternate respondent

• Given name and initial(s)
• Family name
• Telephone number
• Fax number
• Other telephone number
• Number and street name
• Post office (name of city, town or village where mail is received)
• Province
• Postal code

Alternate respondent

• Given name and initial(s)
• Family name
• Telephone number
• Fax number
• Other telephone number
• Number and street name
• Post office (name of city, town or village where mail is received)
• Province
• Postal code

Conversion table of Imperial and Metric units

1 imperial gallon = 4.54 litres of syrup = 13.25 pounds or 6.11 kilograms
4 litres of syrup = 11.66 pounds or 5.29 kilograms
1 litre of syrup = 2.92 pounds or 1.32 kilogram
540 millilitres of syrup = 1.57 pounds or 0.71 kilogram
325 millilitres of syrup = 0.95 pounds or 0.43 kilogram
250 millilitres of syrup = 0.73 pounds or 0.33 kilogram
1 kilogram = 2.20 pounds
750 grams = 1.65 pound
500 grams = 1.10 pound
375 grams = 0.83 pound
250 grams = 0.55 pound
125 grams = 0.28 pound

1. If you are not currently tapping, check one of the following boxes:
a) We did no tappings in 20XX, but it is possible that we may tap in 20XX.
b) We have permanently ceased to tap our maple bush.

Maple taps

1. Number of trees tapped in 20XX
2. Number of tappings in 20XX

Production of maple syrup

Report maple syrup which you intend to process into sugar and butter, later in the season, in the appropriate sections below. (Please indicate in Imperial or Metric)

1.Sold or to be sold to processors

a) lb.
b) kg

2. All other syrup sold or to be sold (Do not include sales to processors)

a) gal
b) litres

3. Consumed or to be consumed at home

a) gal
b) litres

Production of maple sugar

1. Sold or to be sold

a) lb.
b) kg

2. Consumed or to be consumed at home

a) lb.
b) kg

Production of maple butter

1. Sold or to be sold

a) lb.
b) kg

2. Consumed or to be consumed at home

a) lb.
b) kg

Average sales price obtained

1. Syrup sold to processors

a) $ per lb.
b) $ per kg

2. All other syrup sold

a) $ per gal
b) $ per litre

3. Sugar sold

a) $ per lb.
b) $ per kg

4. Butter sold

a) $ per lb.
b) $ per kg

Data sharing-agreements

To reduce respondent burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data-sharing agreements with provincial and territorial statistical agencies and other government organizations, which have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes. Statistics Canada will only share data from this survey with those organizations that have demonstrated a requirement to use the data.

Section 11 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with provincial and territorial statistical agencies that meet certain conditions. These agencies must have the legislative authority to collect the same information, on a mandatory basis, and the legislation must provide substantially the same provisions for confidentiality and penalties for disclosure of confidential information as the Statistics Act. Because these agencies have the legal authority to compel businesses to provide the same information, consent is not requested and businesses may not object to the sharing of the data.

For this survey, there are Section 11 agreements with the provincial statistical agencies of New Brunswick and Ontario.

The shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Section 12 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with federal, provincial or territorial government organizations. Under Section 12, you may refuse to share your information with any of these organizations by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician and returning it with the completed questionnaire. Please specify the organizations with which you do not want to share your data.

For this survey, there is Section 12 agreement with the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs.

For agreements with provincial and territorial government organizations, the shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Comments

Please enter any comments about weather conditions or other factors impacting production during the 20XX season.

Thank you for completing this questionnaire.

Integrated Business Statistics Program (IBSP)

Reporting Guide

This guide is designed to assist you as you complete the 2015 Annual Survey of Research and Development in Canadian Industry – Industrial Non-profit Organizations. If you need more information, please call the Statistics Canada Help Line at the number below.

Help Line: 1-800-972-9692

Your answers are confidential.

Statistics Canada is prohibited by law from releasing any information it collects which could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent or as permitted by the Statistics Act.

Statistics Canada will use information from this survey for statistical purposes.

NOTE:

1. If this organization performs in-house research and development (R&D) and outsources R&D, complete all questions.
2. If this organization performs in-house research and development (R&D) and does not outsource R&D, complete question 1-6, 9-20.
3. If this organization outsources research and development (R&D) and does not perform in-house R&D, complete questions 1-4,6-8, 13, 17-20.
4. If this organization does not perform in-house research and development (R&D) and does not outsource R&D, complete questions 1-4, 6, 13, 17-18 and 20.

For this survey

'In-house R&D' refers to
Expenditures within Canada for R&D performed within this organization by:

• employees (permanent, temporary or casual)
• self-employed individuals or contractors who are working on-site on this organization's R&D projects

'Outsourced R&D' refers to
Payments made within or outside Canada to other organizations, companies or individuals to fund R&D performance:

• contracts
• grants
• fellowships

Reporting period information

Here are some examples of common fiscal periods that fall within the targeted dates:

• May 1, 2014 to April 30, 2015
• June 1, 2014 to June 30, 2015
• August 1, 2014 to July 31, 2015
• October 1, 2014 to September 30, 2015
• December 1, 2014 to November 30, 2015
• January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015
• February 1, 2015 to January 31, 2016
• March 1, 2015 to February 28, 2016
• April 1, 2015 to March 31, 2016

Here are other examples of fiscal periods that fall within the required dates:

• September 18, 2014 to September 15, 2015 (e.g., floating year-end)
• June 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015 (e.g., a newly opened business)

Definitions and Concepts

'In-house' refers to R&D which is performed on-site or within the organization's establishment. Exclude R&D expenses performed by other companies or organizations. A later question will collect these data.

Research and experimental development (R&D) comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge – including knowledge of humankind, culture and society – and to devise new applications of available knowledge.

R&D is performed in the natural sciences, engineering, social sciences and humanities. There are three types of R&D activities: basic research, applied research and experimental development.

Research work in the social sciences

Include if projects are employing new or significantly different modelling techniques or developing new formulae, analyzing data not previously available or applying new research techniques, development of community strategies for disease prevention, or health education.

Exclude:

• routine analytical projects using standard techniques and existing data
• routine market research
• routine statistical analysis intended for on-going monitoring of an activity.

Activities included and excluded from R&D

Inclusions

Prototypes

Include design, construction and operation of prototypes provided that the primary objective is to make further improvements or to undertake technical testing. Exclude if the prototype is for commercial purposes.

Pilot plants

Include construction and operation of pilot plants provided that the primary objective is to make further improvement or to undertake technical testing. Exclude if the pilot plant is intended to be operated for commercial purposes.

New computer software or significant improvements/modifications to existing computer software

Includes technological or scientific advances in theoretical computer sciences; operating systems e.g. improvement in interface management, developing new operating system of converting an existing operating system to a significantly different hardware environment; programming languages; and applications if a significant technological change occurs.

Contracts

Include all contracts which require R&D. For contracts which include other work, report only the R&D costs.

Research work in the social sciences

Include if projects are employing new or significantly different modelling techniques or developing new formulae, analyzing data not previously available or applying new research techniques.

Exclusions

Routine analysis in the social sciences including policy-related studies, management studies and efficiency studies

Exclude analytical projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies, principles and models of the related social sciences to bear on a particular problem (e.g. commentary on the probable economic effects of a change in the tax structure, using existing economic data; use of standard techniques in applied psychology to select and classify industrial and military personnel, students, etc., and to test children with reading or other disabilities), are not R&D.

Consumer surveys, advertising, market research

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for commercialization of the results of R&D are excluded.

Routine quality control and testing

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies not intended to create new knowledge are not R&D and are excluded even if carried out by personnel normally engaged in R&D.

Pre-production activities such as demonstration of commercial viability, tooling up, trial production, trouble shooting

Exclude although R&D may be required as a result of these steps, these activities are excluded from R&D.

Prospecting, exploratory drilling, development of mines, oil or gas wells

Include only for R&D projects concerned with new equipment or techniques in these activities, such as in-situ and tertiary recovery research.

Engineering

Exclude engineering unless it is in direct support of R&D.

Design and drawing

Exclude design and drawing unless it is in direct support of R&D.

Patent and license work

Exclude all administrative and legal work connected with patents and licenses.

Cosmetic modifications or style changes to existing products

Exclude where no significant technical improvement or modification to the existing products.

General purpose or routine data collection

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for on-going monitoring of an activity.

Routine computer programming, systems maintenance or software application

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended to support on-going operations.

Routine mathematical or statistical analysis or operations analysis

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for on-going monitoring of an activity.

Activities associated with standards compliance

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended to support standards compliance.

Specialized routine medical care such as routine pathology services

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for on-going monitoring of an activity.

In-house research and development (R&D) expenditures (Q4)

In-house research and development expenditures are composed of current in-house research and development (R&D) expenditures and capital in-house R&D expenditures.

Current in house R&D expenditures

1. Wages and salaries of permanent, temporary and casual R&D employees Include: fringe benefits
   
   Fringe benefits of employees engaged in R&D activities. Fringe benefits include bonus payments, holiday or vacation pay, pension fund contributions, other social security payments, payroll taxes, etc.
2. Services to support R&D
   
   Include: services of self-employed individuals or contractors who are working on-site on this organizations R&D projects.
   Exclude: contracted out or granted expenditures to other organizations to perform R&D.
   
   Payments to on-site R&D consultants and contractors working under the direct control of your organization; indirect services purchased to support in-house R&D such as security, storage, repair, maintenance and use of buildings and equipment; computer services, software licensing fees and dissemination of R&D findings
3. R&D materials
   
   Utilities: water, fuel, gas and electricity; materials for creation of prototypes, reference materials (books, journals, etc.); subscriptions to libraries and data bases, memberships to scientific societies, etc.; cost of outsourced small R&D prototypes or R&D models; materials for laboratories (chemicals, animals, etc.); all other R&D-related materials
4. All other current costs
   
   Administrative and overhead costs (e.g., office, post and telecommunications, internet, insurance), prorated if necessary to allow for non-R&D activities within the company or organization

Capital in-house R&D expenditures

Capital in-house R&D expenditures are the annual gross amount paid for the acquisition of fixed assets that are used repeatedly, or continuously in the performance of research and development (R&D) for more than one year. They should be reported in full for the period when they occurred. Exclude capital depreciation.

5. Software
   Exclude: capital depreciationApplications and systems software (original, custom and off-the-shelf software), supporting documentation and other software-related acquisitions
6. Land
   Exclude: capital depreciationLand acquired for R&D including testing grounds, sites for laboratories and pilot plants
7. Buildings and structures
   Exclude: capital depreciationBuildings and structures (constructed or purchased) for research and development (R&D) activities or that have undergone major leasehold improvements (modifications, renovations and repairs) for R&D activities
8. Equipment, machinery and all other
   Exclude: capital depreciation
   
   Major equipment, machinery and instruments, including embedded software, acquired for research and development (R&D) activities

Outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures (Q6)

Include: payments made through contracts, grants, donations and fellowships to another company, organization or individual to purchase or fund R&D activities.

Exclude: expenditures for on-site R&D contractors.

1. Companies
   
   All incorporated for-profit businesses and government business enterprises providing products in the market at market rates.
2. Private non-profit organizations
   
   Voluntary health organizations, private philanthropic foundations, associations and societies and research institutes; they are not-for-profit organizations that serve the public interest by supporting activities related to public welfare (such as health, education, the environment).
3. Industrial research institutes or associations
   
   Non-profit organizations that serve the business enterprise sector frequently consisting of their membership. Industrial non-profit organizations include non-profit industrial research institutes.
4. Hospitals
5. Universities
6. Federal government departments and agencies
   
   All federal government ministries, departments and agencies. It excludes federal government business enterprises providing products in the market.
7. Provincial government departments and agencies
   
   All provincial government ministries, departments and agencies. It excludes provincial government business enterprises providing products in the market.
8. Provincial research organizations
   
   Organizations created under provincial or territorial law which conduct or facilitate research on behalf of the province or territory.
9. Other
   
   Individuals, non-university educational institutions, foreign governments

Sources of funds for in-house R&D expenditures in 2015 (Q10)

Include: Canadian and foreign sources

Exclude: payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D which should be reported in question 7 on Outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D; capital depreciation.

1. Funds from this organization
   
   Amount contributed by this unit to R&D performed within Canada (include interest payments and other income, land, buildings and structures, equipment and machinery (capital expenditures) purchased for R&D).
2. Funds from member companies or affiliates
   
   Amount received from member organizations and affiliated organizations used to perform R&D within Canada (include annual fees and sustaining grants, land, buildings and structures, equipment and machinery (capital expenditures) purchased for R&D).
3. Federal grants
   
   Include: R&D grants or R&D portion only of other grants
   
   Funds from the federal government in support of R&D activities not connected to a specific contractual deliverable.
4. Federal contracts
   
   Include: R&D contracts or R&D portion only of other contracts
   
   Funds from the federal government in support of R&D activities connected to a specific contractual deliverable.
5. R&D contract work for other companies
   
   Funds received from other companies to perform R&D on their behalf.
6. Other sources
   
   Funds received from all other sources not previously classified.

Fields of research and development for in-house R&D expenditures within Canada in 2015 (Q11)

Exclude: payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D which should be reported in question 7 on Outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D; capital depreciation.

Natural and formal sciences

Mathematics, physical sciences, chemical sciences, earth and related environmental sciences, biological sciences, other natural sciences.

Exclude: computer sciences, information technology and bioinformatics (to be reported at line s and t)

1. Mathematics
   
   Pure mathematics, applied mathematics, statistics and probability.
2. Physical Sciences
   
   Atomic, molecular and chemical physics, interaction with radiation, magnetic resonances, condensed matter physics, solid state physics and superconductivity, particles and fields physics, nuclear physics, fluids and plasma physics (including surface physics), optics (including laser optics and quantum optics), acoustics, astronomy (including astrophysics, space science).
3. Chemical sciences
   
   Organic chemistry, inorganic and nuclear chemistry, physical chemistry, polymer science and plastics, electrochemistry (dry cells, batteries, fuel cells, metal corrosion, electrolysis), colloid chemistry, analytical chemistry.
4. Earth and related environmental sciences
   
   Geosciences, geophysics, mineralogy and palaeontology, geochemistry and geophysics, physical geography, geology and volcanology, environmental sciences, meteorology, atmospheric sciences and climatic research, oceanography, hydrology and water resources.
5. Biological sciences
   
   Cell biology, microbiology and virology, biochemistry, molecular biology and biochemical research, mycology, biophysics, genetics and heredity (medical genetics under medical biotechnology), reproductive biology (medical aspects under medical biotechnology), developmental biology, plant sciences and botany, zoology, ornithology, entomology and behavioural sciences biology, marine biology, freshwater biology and limnology, ecology and biodiversity conservation, biology (theoretical, thermal, cryobiology, biological rhythm), evolutionary biology.
6. Other natural sciences

Engineering and Technology

Civil engineering, electrical engineering, electronic engineering and communications technology, mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, materials engineering, medical engineering, environmental engineering, environmental biotechnology, industrial biotechnology, nanotechnology, other engineering and technologies.

Exclude: software engineering and technology (to be reported at line r)

7. Civil engineering
   
   Civil engineering, architecture engineering, municipal and structural engineering, transport engineering.
8. Electrical engineering, electronic engineering and communications technology
   
   Electrical and electronic engineering, robotics and automatic control, micro-electronics, semiconductors, automation and control systems, communication engineering and systems, telecommunications, computer hardware and architecture.
9. Mechanical engineering
   
   Mechanical engineering, Applied mechanics, Thermodynamics, Aerospace engineering, Nuclear-related engineering (nuclear physics under Physical sciences), Acoustical engineering, Reliability analysis and non-destructive testing, Automotive and transportation engineering and manufacturing, Tooling, machinery and equipment engineering and manufacturing, Heating, ventilation and air conditioning engineering and manufacturing.
10. Chemical engineering
    
    Chemical engineering (plants, products), chemical process engineering.
11. Materials engineering
    
    Materials engineering and metallurgy, ceramics, coating and films (including packaging and printing), plastics, rubber and composites (including laminates and reinforced plastics), paper and wood and textiles, construction materials (organic and inorganic).
12. Medical Engineering
    
    Medical and biomedical engineering, medical laboratory technology (excluding biomaterials which should be reported under industrial biotechnology).
13. Environmental engineering
    
    Environmental and geological engineering, petroleum engineering (fuel, oils), energy and fuels, remote sensing, mining and mineral processing, marine engineering, sea vessels and ocean engineering.
14. Environmental biotechnology
    
    Environmental biotechnology, bioremediation, diagnostic biotechnologies in environmental management (DNA chips and bio-sensing devices).
15. Industrial biotechnology
    
    Industrial biotechnology, bioprocessing technologies, biocatalysis and fermentation bioproducts (products that are manufactured using biological material as feedstock), biomaterials (bioplastics, biofuels, bioderived bulk and fine chemicals, bio-derived materials).
16. Nanotechnology
    
    Nano-materials (production and properties), nano-processes (applications on nano-scale).
17. Other engineering and technologies
    
    Food and beverages, oenology, other engineering and technologies.

Software-related sciences and technology

Software engineering and technology, computer sciences, information technology and bioinformatics.

18. Software engineering and technology
    
    Computer software engineering, computer software technology, and other related computer software engineering and technologies.
19. Computer sciences
    
    Computer science, artificial intelligence, cryptography, and other related computer sciences
20. Information technology and bioinformatics
    
    Information technology, informatics, bioinformatics, biomathematics, and other related information technologies.

Medical and health sciences

Basic medicine, clinical medicine, health sciences, medical biotechnology, other medical sciences.

21. Basic medicine
    
    Anatomy and morphology (plant science under biological science), human genetics, immunology, neurosciences, pharmacology and pharmacy and medicinal chemistry, toxicology, physiology and cytology, pathology.
22. Clinical medicine
    
    Andrology, obstetrics and gynaecology, paediatrics, cardiac and cardiovascular systems, haematology, anaesthesiology, orthopaedics, radiology and nuclear medicine, dentistry, oral surgery and medicine, dermatology, venereal diseases and allergy, rheumatology, endocrinology and metabolism and gastroenterology, urology and nephrology, and oncology.
23. Health sciences
    
    Health care sciences and nursing, nutrition and dietetics, parasitology, infectious diseases and epidemiology, occupational health.
24. Medical biotechnology
    
    Health-related biotechnology, technologies involving the manipulation of cells, tissues, organs or the whole organism, technologies involving identifying the functioning of DNA, proteins and enzymes, pharmacogenomics, gene-based therapeutics, biomaterials (related to medical implants, devices, sensors).
25. Other medical sciences
    
    Forensic science, other medical sciences.

Agricultural Sciences

Agriculture, forestry and fisheries sciences, animal and dairy sciences, veterinary sciences, agricultural biotechnology, other agricultural sciences.

26. Agriculture, forestry and fisheries sciences
    
    Agriculture, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, soil science, horticulture, viticulture, agronomy, plant breeding and plant protection.
27. Animal and dairy sciences
    
    Animal and dairy science, animal husbandry.
28. Veterinary sciences
    
    Veterinary science (all).
29. Agricultural biotechnology
    
    Agricultural biotechnology and food biotechnology, genetically modified (GM) organism technology and livestock cloning, diagnostics (DNA chips and biosensing devices), biomass feedstock production technologies and biopharming.
30. Other agricultural sciences

Social sciences and humanities

Psychology, educational sciences, economics and business, other social sciences, humanities.

31. Psychology
    
    Cognitive psychology and psycholinguistics, experimental psychology, psychometrics and quantitative psychology, and other fields of psychology.
32. Educational sciences
    
    Education, training and other related educational sciences.
33. Economics and business
    
    Micro-economics, macro-economics, econometrics, labour economics, financial economics, business economics, entrepreneurial and business administration, management and operations, management sciences, finance and all other related fields of economics and business.
34. Other social sciences
    
    Anthropology (social and cultural) and ethnology, demography, geography (human, economic and social), planning (town, city and country), management, organisation and methods (excluding market research unless new methods/techniques are developed), law, linguistics, political sciences, sociology, miscellaneous social sciences and interdisciplinary, and methodological and historical science and technology activities relating to subjects in this group.
35. Humanities
    
    History (history, prehistory and history, together with auxiliary historical disciplines such as archaeology, numismatics, palaeography, genealogy, etc.), languages and literature (ancient and modern), other humanities (philosophy (including the history of science and technology)), arts (history of art, art criticism, painting, sculpture, musicology, dramatic art excluding artistic "research" of any kind), religion, theology, other fields and subjects pertaining to the humanities, and methodological, historical and other science and technology activities relating to the subjects in this group.

Nature of R&D for in-house expenditures within Canada in 2015 (Q12)

R&D is performed in the natural sciences, engineering, social sciences and humanities. There are three types of R&D activities: basic research, applied research and experimental development.

1. Basic research
   
   Experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundation of phenomena and observable facts, without any particular application or use in view.
2. Applied research
   
   Is original investigation undertaken in order to acquire new knowledge. It is, however, directed primarily towards a specific, practical aim or objective.
3. Experimental development
   
   Is systematic work, drawing on knowledge gained from research and practical experience and producing additional knowledge, which is directed to producing new products or processes or to improving existing products or processes.

In-house R&D personnel in 2015 (Q14)

Include:

• permanent, temporary and casual R&D employees
• independent on-site R&D consultants and contractors working in your organization's offices, laboratories, or other facilities
• employees engaged in R&D-related support activities.

Researchers and research managers

1. Scientists, social scientists, engineers and researchers
   Include: software developers and programmers
   
   Are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge. They conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models, techniques instrumentation, software or operational methods. They may be certified by provincial educational authorities, provincial or national scientific or engineering associations.
2. Senior research managers
   
   Plan or manage R&D projects and programs. They may be certified by provincial educational authorities, provincial or national scientific or engineering associations.

R&D technical, administrative and support staff

3. Technicians, technologists and research assistants
   Include: software technicians
   
   Are persons whose main tasks require technical knowledge and experience in one or more fields of engineering, the physical and life sciences, or the social sciences, humanities and the arts. They participate in R&D by performing scientific and technical tasks involving the application of concepts, operational methods and the use of research equipment, normally under the supervision of researchers. They may be certified by provincial educational authorities, provincial or national scientific or engineering associations.
4. Other R&D technical, administrative and support staff
   
   Include skilled and unskilled craftsmen, and administrative, secretarial and clerical staff participating in R&D projects or directly associated with such projects.

Other R&D occupations

5. On-site R&D consultants and contractors
   
   Are individuals hired 1) to perform project-based work or to provide goods at a fixed or ascertained price or within a certain time or 2) to provide advice or services in a specialized field for a fee and, in both cases, work at the location specified and controlled by the contracting organization.

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

R&D may be carried out by persons who work solely on R&D projects or by persons who devote only part of their time to R&D, and the balance to other activities such as testing, quality control and production engineering. To arrive at the total effort devoted to R&D in terms of personnel, it is necessary to estimate the full-time equivalent of these persons working only part-time in R&D.

FTE (full-time equivalent) = Number of persons who work solely on R&D projects + the time of persons working only part of their time on R&D.

Example calculation: If out of four scientists engaged in R&D work, one works solely on R&D projects and the remaining three devote only one quarter of their working time to R&D, then: FTE = 1 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 = 1.75 scientists.

Technology or technical assistant payments in 2015 (Q17 and Q18)

Definitions (equivalent to the Canadian Intellectual Property Office https://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/cipointernet-internetopic.nsf/eng/h_wr03652.html)

1. Patents
   
   Government grant giving the right to exclude others from making, using or selling an invention.
2. Copyright
   
   Provides protection for literary, artistic, dramatic or musical works (including computer programs), and three other subject matter known as: performance, sound recording, and communication signal.
3. Trademark
   
   Word, symbol or design (or any combination of these features) used to distinguish the wares and services of one person or organization from those of others in the marketplace.
4. Industrial design
   
   Visual features of shape, configuration, pattern or ornament (or any combination of these features), applied to a finished article of manufacture.
5. Integrated circuit topography
   
   Three-dimensional arrangement of the electronic circuits in integrated circuit products or layout designs.
6. Original software
   
   Consist of computer programs and descriptive materials for both systems and applications. Original software can be created in-house or outsourced and includes packaged software with customization.
7. Packaged or off-the-shelf software
   
   Purchased for use by your organization and excludes customized software.
8. Databases
   
   Consist of files of data organized to permit effective access and use of the data.
9. Other
   
   Technical assistance, industrial processes and know-how.

Energy-related R&D by area of technology (Q19)

1. Fossil Fuels

Crude oils and natural gas exploration, crude oils and natural gas production, oil sands and heavy crude oils surface and sub-surface production and separation of the bitumen, tailings management, refining, processing and upgrading, coal production, separation and processing, transportation of fossil fuels.

1. Crude oils and natural gas exploration
   
   Development of advanced exploration methods (geophysical, geochemical, seismic, magnetic) for on-shore and off-shore prospecting.
2. Crude oil and natural gas production (including enhanced recovery) and storage
   
   On-shore and off-shore deep drilling equipment and techniques for conventional oil and gas, secondary and tertiary recovery of oil and gas, hydro fracturing techniques, processing and cleaning of raw product, storage on remote platforms (e.g., Arctic, off-shore), safety aspects of offshore platforms.
3. Oil sands and heavy crude oils surface and sub-surface production and separation of the bitumen, tailings management
   
   Surface and in-situ production (e.g., SAGD); tailings management.
4. Refining, processing and upgrading
   
   Processing of natural gas to pipeline specifications, and refining of conventional crude oils to refined petroleum products (RPPs), and the upgrading of bitumen and heavy oils either to synthetic crude oil or to RPPs. Upgrading may be done at an oil sands plant, regional merchant upgraders or integrated into a refinery producing RPPs.
5. Coal production, separation and processing
   
   Coal, lignite and peat exploration, deposit evaluation techniques, mining techniques, separation techniques, coking and blending, other processing such as coal to liquids, underground (in-situ) gasification.
6. Transportation of fossil fuels
   
   Transport of gaseous, liquid and solid hydrocarbons via pipelines (land and submarine) and their network evaluation; safety aspects of LNG transport and storage.

2. Renewable energy resources

Solar photovoltaics (PV), solar thermal-power and high-temperature applications, solar heating and cooling, wind energy, bio-energy – biomass production, bio-energy – biomass conversion to fuels, bio-energy – biomass conversion to heat and electricity, and other bio-energy, small hydro (less than 10 MW), large hydro (greater than or equal to 10 MW), other renewable energy.

1. Solar photovoltaics (PV)
   
   Solar cell development, PV-module development, PV-inverter development, building-integrated PV-modules, PV-system development, other.
2. Solar thermal-power and high-temperature applications
   
   Solar chemistry, concentrating collector development, solar thermal power plants, high-temperature applications for heat and power.
3. Solar heating and cooling
   
   Daylighting, passive and active solar heating and cooling, collector development, hot water preparation, combined-space heating, solar architecture, solar drying, solar-assisted ventilation, swimming pool heating, low-temperature process heating, other.
4. Wind energy
   
   Technology development, such as blades, turbines, converters structures, system integration, other.
5. Bio-energy – Biomass production/supply and transport
   
   Improvement of energy crops, research on bio-energy production potential and associated land-use effects, supply and transport of bio-solids, bio-liquids, biogas and bio-derived energy products (e.g., ethanol, biodiesel), compacting and baling, other.
6. Bio-energy – Biomass conversion to fuels
   
   Conventional bio-fuels, cellulosic-derived alcohols, biomass gas-to-liquids, other energy-related products and by-products.
7. Bio-energy – Biomass conversion to heat and electricity
   
   Bio-based heat, electricity and combined heat and power (CHP), exclude multi-firing with fossil fuels.
8. Other bio-energy
   
   Recycling and the use of municipal, industrial and agricultural waste as energy not covered elsewhere.
9. Small-Hydro – (less than 10 MW)
   
   Plants with capacity below 10 MW.
10. Large-Hydro – (greater than or equal to 10 MW)
    
    Plants with capacity of 10 MW and above.
11. Other renewable energy
    
    Hot dry rock, hydro-thermal, geothermal heat applications (including agriculture), tidal power, wave energy, ocean current power, ocean thermal power, other.

3. Nuclear fission and fusion

Materials exploration, mining and preparation, tailings management, nuclear reactors, other fission, fusion.

1. Nuclear materials exploration, mining and preparation, tailings management
   
   Development of advanced exploration methods (geophysical, geochemical) for prospecting, ore surface and in-situ production, uranium and thorium extraction and conversion, enrichment, handling of tailings and remediation.
2. Nuclear reactors
   
   Nuclear reactors of all types and related system components.
3. Other fission
   
   Nuclear safety, environmental protection (emission reduction or avoidance), radiation protection and decommissioning of power plants and related nuclear fuel cycle installations, nuclear waste treatment, disposal and storage, fissile material recycling, fissile materials control, transport of radioactive materials.
4. Fusion
   
   All types (e.g., magnetic confinement, laser applications).

4. Electric Power

Generation in utility sector, combined heat and power in industry and in buildings, electricity transmission, distribution and storage of electricity.

1. Electric power generation in utility sector
   
   Conventional and non-conventional technology (e.g., pulverised coal, fluidised bed, gasification-combined cycle, supercritical), re-powering, retrofitting, life extensions and upgrading of power plants, generators and components, super-conductivity, magneto hydrodynamic, dry cooling towers, co-firing (e.g., with biomass), air and thermal pollution reduction or avoidance, flue gas cleanup (excluding CO2 removal), CHP (combined heat and power) not covered elsewhere.
2. Electric power - combined heat and power in industry, buildings
   
   Industrial applications, small scale applications for buildings.
3. Electricity transmission, distribution and storage
   
   Solid state power electronics, load management and control systems, network problems, super-conducting cables, AC and DC high voltage cables, HVDC transmission, other transmission and distribution related to integrating distributed and intermittent generating sources into networks, all storage (e.g., batteries, hydro reservoirs, fly wheels), other.

Hydrogen and fuel cells

Hydrogen production for process applications, hydrogen production for transportation applications, hydrogen transport and storage, other hydrogen, fuel cells, both stationary and mobile.

1. Hydrogen production for process applications
2. Hydrogen production for transportation applications
3. Hydrogen transport and storage
4. Other hydrogen
   End uses (e.g., combustion), other infrastructure and systems R&D (refuelling stations).
5. Stationary fuel cells
   Electricity generation, other stationary end-use.
6. Mobile fuel cellsPortable applications.

6. Energy efficiency

Industry, residential and commercial, transportation, other energy efficiency.

1. Energy efficiency applications for industry
   
   Reduction of energy consumption through improved use of energy and/or reduction or avoidance of air and other emissions related to the use of energy in industrial systems and processes (excluding bio-energy-related) through the development of new techniques, new processes and new equipment, other.
2. Energy efficiency for residential, institutional and commercial sectors
   
   Space heating and cooling, ventilation and lighting control systems other than solar technologies, low energy housing design and performance other than solar technologies, new insulation and building materials, thermal performance of buildings, domestic appliances, other.
3. Energy efficiency for transportation
   
   Analysis and optimisation of energy consumption in the transport sector, efficiency improvements in light-duty vehicles, heavy-duty vehicles, non-road vehicles, public transport systems, engine-fuel optimisation, use of alternative fuels (liquid and gaseous, other than hydrogen), fuel additives, diesel engines, Stirling motors, electric cars, hybrid cars, includes air emission reduction, other.
4. Other energy efficiency
   
   Waste heat utilisation (heat maps, process integration, total energy systems, low temperature thermodynamic cycles), district heating, heat pump development, reduction of energy consumption in the agricultural sector.

7. Other energy-related technologies

Carbon capture, transportation and storage for fossil fuel production and processing, electric power generation, industry in end-use sector, energy systems analysis, all other energy-related technologies.

1. Carbon capture, transportation and storage related to fossil fuel production and processing
2. Carbon capture, transportation and storage related to electric power production
3. Carbon capture, transportation and storage related to industry in end use sector
   Include: Industry in the end use sector, such as steel production, manufacturing, etc.
   
   Exclude Fossil fuel production and processing and electric power production
4. Energy system analysis
   
   System analysis related to energy R&D not covered elsewhere, sociological, economical and environmental impact of energy which are not specifically related to one technology area listed in the sections above.
5. All other energy-related technologies
   
   Energy technology information dissemination, studies not related to a specific technology area listed above.